Recommendations to Improve Pedestrian & Bicycle …...agency staff to make communities safer and more pleasant to walk and bike. For each training, the program convenes a multi-sector,

RecommendationstoImprovePedestrian&BicycleSafetyfortheCityofSanger

October2017

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RecommendationstoImprovePedestrian&BicycleSafetyfortheCityofSangerByJaimeFearer,TonyDang,AustinHall,CaliforniaWalks;JillCooper,AnaLopez,AmandaReynosa,UCBerkeleySafeTransportationResearch&EducationCenter(SafeTREC)

IntroductionAttheinvitationoftheCityofSanger,theUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeley’sSafeTransportationResearchandEducationCenter(SafeTREC)andCaliforniaWalks(CalWalks)facilitatedacommunity-drivenpedestrianandbicyclesafetyaction-planningworkshopintheCityofSangertoimprovepedestriansafety,bicyclesafety,walkability,andbikeabilityacrosstheCity.Priortotheworkshop,CalWalksstaffconductedanin-personsitevisitonTuesday,August1,2017,toadapttheCommunityPedestrianandBicycleSafetyTrainingprogramcurriculumtomeetthelocalcommunities’needsandtoprovidecontext-sensitiveexamplestrategiesforthecommunity’sexistingconditions.CalWalksfacilitatedtheworkshoponSeptember6,2017,whichconsistedof:1)anoverviewofmultidisciplinaryapproachestoimprovepedestrianandbicyclesafety;2)twowalkabilityandbikeabilityassessmentsalongtwokeyroutes;and3)smallgroupaction-planningdiscussionstofacilitatethedevelopmentofcommunity-prioritizedrecommendationstoinformtheCityofSanger’sactivetransportationefforts.Thisreportsummarizestheworkshopproceedings,aswellasideasidentifiedduringtheprocessandrecommendationsforpedestrianandbicyclesafetyprojects,policies,andprograms.

BackgroundCommunityPedestrianandBicycleSafetyTrainingProgramTheCommunityPedestrianandBicycleSafetyTraining(CPBST)programisajointprojectofUCBerkeleySafeTRECandCalWalks.FundingforthisprogramisprovidedbyagrantfromtheCaliforniaOfficeofTrafficSafety(OTS)throughtheNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration(NHTSA).ThepurposeoftheCPBSTprogramistotrainlocalneighborhoodresidentsandsafetyadvocatesonhowtoimprovepedestrianandbicyclesafetyandtostrengthentheircollaborationwithlocalofficialsandagencystafftomakecommunitiessaferandmorepleasanttowalkandbike.Foreachtraining,theprogramconvenesamulti-sector,multi-disciplinarylocalplanningcommitteetotailorandrefinethetraining’scurriculumandfocustomeetthecommunity’sneeds.Additionally,CalWalksstaffconductpre-trainingsitevisitstocollecton-the-groundobservationsofexistingwalkingandbikingconditionstoinformthetraining’sscopeandfocus.Thehalf-daytrainingisdesignedtoprovideparticipantswithbothpedestrianandbicyclesafetybestpracticesandarangeofprovenstrategies(the6E’s:Empowerment&Equity,Evaluation,Engineering,

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Enforcement,Education,andEncouragement)toaddressandimprovepedestrianandbicyclesafetyconditionsandconcerns.Participantsarethenguidedonawalkabilityandbikeabilityassessmentofnearbystreetsbeforesettingpedestrianandbicyclesafetyprioritiesandactionablenextstepsfortheircommunity.ForasummaryofoutcomesfrompastCPBSTworkshops,pleasevisit:www.californiawalks.org/projects/cpbstandhttps://safetrec.berkeley.edu/programs/cpbst

SelectedPedestrian&BicycleSafetyConditionsintheCityofSangerHighSpeeds&WideStreetsWhilethepostedspeedlimitsalongmanyofthearterialstreetsthatrunthroughthecommunity–includingJensenAvenue,GreenwoodAvenue,AcademyAvenue,andAnnadale–are30-35milesperhour(MPH),thewidthofthestreetsandtravellanesaredocumentedtoencouragedriverstotravelathigherspeeds.Researchhasdemonstratedthatwidestreetsandwidetravellanesareassociatedwithhighervehiclespeeds,whichaffectthesafetyofpeoplewalkingandbicycling.1Moreover,thesemajorarterialstreetsareverywideandlikelyunnecessarilywideforthetrafficvolumesobserved.

Widestreetsandtravellanesencouragedriverstospeed.

LackofSidewalks&OtherPedestrianandBicycleFacilitiesWhilemajorstreetsandDowntownSangergenerallyhavesidewalks,weobservednumeroussidewalkgapsintheresidentialareasofthecommunity.Additionally,crosswalkstendedtobestandardtransversestylemarkings(twoparallellines)asopposedtohigh-visibilitymarkings(ladderorpianostylecrosswalks),andbicyclelanesweresparse.Wealsoobservedamixofcurbrampsthroughoutthecommunity,withsomeareasfeaturingmoreupdatedramps,whileothershadoldercurbrampswhosestyledoesnotconformtoADAstandardsorbestpractices.Someareaslackedcurbrampsaltogether.

1SeeKayFitzpatrick,PaulCarlson,MarcusBrewer,andMarkWooldridge,“DesignFactorsThatAffectDriverSpeedonSuburbanArterials":TransportationResearchRecord1751(2000):18–25.

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Sidewalksdonotexistinsomelocations.

Bicyclistcrossingthestreetusingcrosswalkfromridingonthesidewalk.

FadedMarkingsTheexistingpavementmarkingsfordrivers,pedestrians,andbicycleswerefadedandinpoorcondition.Particularlyforpeoplewalkingandbiking,thesefadedmarkingscreatemorechallengingconditionswhenwalkingorbikingorwhenattemptingtocrossthestreet.Moreover,manystreetslackedon-streetbicyclelanes,whereweobservedbicyclistsridingonthesidewalk,likelyduetotheirconcernswithhighvehiclespeeds.

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Fadedcrosswalkmarkingsarelesseffectiveatalertdriverstothepresenceofpeoplewalking.

Pedestrian&BicycleCollisionHistoryBetween2006-2015,2therewere38pedestriancollisions,withanoverallincreasingtrendofpedestriancollisionsoverthe10-yearperiod.Inthemostrecentsetofdatabetween2011-2015,21pedestriancollisionsresultedin4severeinjuriesintheCityofSanger,withcollisionsconcentratedonGreenwoodAvenueandJensenAvenue.WhenexaminingthePrimaryCollisionFactors(PCF)overthesame5-yearperiod,driverviolationsaccountedfor52.4%ofpedestriancollisions,whilepedestrianviolationsaccountedfor19.1%.Themajorityofdriverviolationsconsistedofpedestrianright-of-wayviolations,whilepedestrianviolationsinvolvedpedestriansfailingtoyieldtoadriverwhenlegallycrossingoutsideofacrosswalk.3Whenexaminingtimeofdayforpedestriancollisions,weseethatthesecollisionsaremostlyoccurringduringdaylighthours.Between2006-2015,therewere38bicyclecollisions,withanoverallincreasingtrendofbicyclecollisionsoverthis10-yearperiod.Inthemostrecentsetofdatabetween2011-2015,22bicyclecollisionsresultedin1fatalityand2severeinjuriesintheCityofSanger,withcollisionsconcentratedonBethelAvenue,JensenAvenue,7thStreet,and9thStreet.Whenexaminingtimeofdayforbicyclecollisions,weseethatthesecollisionsaremostlyoccurringinthelateafternoonandeveninghours.AfulldiscussionofthepedestrianandbicyclistcollisiondatapreparedbyUCBerkeleySafeTRECcanbefoundAppendixA.

September6,2017WorkshopTheCityofSangerrequestedaworkshopto1)provideCitystaff,communityorganizations,andresidentswithatoolkitforpromotingpedestrianandbicyclesafetytoinformfutureactive

2Pleasenote2014and2015dataisprovisional.3Pedestrianshavetheright-of-wayinmarkedandunmarkedcrossings,anddriversarelegallyrequiredtoyieldtopedestriansintheseinstances.However,whenpedestrianscrossoutsideofmarkedorunmarkedcrossings,pedestriansmustyieldtheright-of-waytodrivers.Apedestrianislegallyabletocrossoutsideofamarkedorunmarkedcrossingbetweentwointersectionswhereoneornoneoftheintersectionsissignalizedbutonlyifthepedestrianyieldstheright-of-waytooncomingdrivers.Thisisnotthesameastheterm“jaywalking,”whichreferstocrossingoutsideofamarkedorunmarkedcrossingbetweentwosignalizedintersections.

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transportationprojects;2)strengthenworkingrelationshipsbetweenCityofSanger,residents,andotherstakeholderstoensurethebestoutcomesfortheresidentsoftheCityofSanger;and3)developconsensusregardingpedestrianandbicyclesafetypriorityandactionablenextsteps.Theworkshopwashostedfrom4:00pmto8:00pm,anddinner,childwatch,andsimultaneousinterpretationfromEnglishtoSpanishwereprovidedtomaximizecommunityparticipation.Eleven(11)individualsattendedtheworkshop,includingrepresentativesfromtheCityofSanger,CaliforniaHealthCollaborative,TheSangerScene(localmedia),theFresnoCountyDepartmentofPublicHealth,andSangerCycling.

Participantsconductingwalkassessment.

ReflectionsfromWalkability&BikeabilityAssessmentWorkshopparticipantsconductedwalkabilityandbikeabilityassessmentsalong2routes:

● Route1traveledsouthonWestAvenue,westonWebsterStreet,northonGreenwoodAvenue,andeastonJensenAvenue.ThisroutefocusedoncomparingandcontrastingthesmallerstreetstowalkingandcrossingconditionsonJensenAvenueandGreenwoodAvenue.

● Route2traveledsouthonWestAvenueandPStreet,thendetouredeaston8thStreet(duetoconstructionalong7thStreet),northonAcademyAvenue,andwestonJensenAvenue.ThisrouteexaminedwalkingconditionsintheDowntownSangerareaandcomparedthemtowalkingandcrossingconditionswithJensenAvenueandAcademyAvenue.

Participantswereaskedto1)observeinfrastructureconditionsandthebehaviorofallroadusers;2)applystrategieslearnedfromthe6E’spresentationthatcouldhelpovercomeinfrastructureconcernsandunsafedriver,pedestrian,andbicyclistbehavior;and3)identifypositivecommunityassetsandstrategieswhichcanbebuiltupon.

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Followingthewalkabilityandbikeabilityassessment,theparticipantssharedthefollowingreflections:● ChallengingRoadConstructionConditions:Route2participantsmodifiedtheirroutenumerous

timesduetolargeroadconstructionprojectsinDowntownSanger.Navigatingtheroutewasdifficultduetocompletesidewalkclosuresandtornuproadbeds.Theredidnotappeartobeawell-signedalternativerouteforpeoplewalking,andconstructiondidnotseemtotakeintoaccountprovidinganaccessiblealternaterouteforpeoplewithdisabilities.

● IncompleteSidewalkNetwork:Participantsnotedthatwhilethemajorstreetshavesidewalks,manyoftheresidentialareasweremissingsidewalks.Additionally,theconditionofsidewalksvariedgreatly,withsomedamagedandchippedsidewalksfoundevenintheDowntownSangerarea.

Sidewalkendedabruptlyduringwalkassessment.

● DifficultCrossingsonMajorStreets:Participantsnotednumerousfadedmarkedcrosswalks

thatmadecrossingmorechallengingandpotentiallydangerousforpedestrians.Additionally,thesecrosswalksdidnotemployhigh-visibilitymarkings.Route1participantsexperienceddriversnotyieldingtothegroupwhileattemptingtocrossJensenAvenue.

Difficultcrossingsacrossmajorstreetsinthecommunity.

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● ExtendingImprovementsfromDowntowntoNeighborhoods:ParticipantshighlightednumerousaspectsofDowntownSanger’swalkingenvironment–includingwidesidewalks,bulbouts,andbicycleparking–thattheywouldliketoseeextendedtootherareasofthecommunity.

GreatwalkingconditionsinDowntownSangerincludewidesidewalks,curbextensions,

benches,trashreceptacles,andhigh-visibilitycrosswalkmarkings.

● NeedtoReachMoreResidents:DuringRoute2,participantsspoketoresidentsconcernedwithimprovingpedestriansafetyandlearnedofaresident’spersonalchallengesandexperienceswithcrossingJensenAvenue,includingherexperienceofbeinghitinthemarkedcrosswalk.Thisdemonstratedthattherearelikelymanymoreinterestedandconcernedresidents,butthatoutreachandengagementstrategiesmustchangetoreachthem.

CommunityResidentRecommendations Followingthewalkabilityandbikeabilityassessment,CalWalksfacilitatedsmall-groupactionplanningdiscussions.Workshopparticipantsdiscussedaseriesofquestionsdevelopedinconjunctionwithlocalpartners,including:

● Thefirstsetofquestionsfocusedonidentifyingeducationandencouragementprogramsthatwouldbemosteffectiveforthecommunityandwouldbemosteffectiveatcultivatingstudentandparentleadershiptosustainprograms.

● ThesecondsetofquestionsfocusedonhowbesttointegrateequityinactivetransportationprojectsthattheCitydevelops.ThisdiscussionalsofocusedonidentifyingspecificinfrastructureprojectsfortheCityofSangerandwheretheyaremostneeded.

Workshopparticipantsprovidedthefollowingrecommendationsforoverallpedestrianandbicyclistsafetyimprovements:

● FocusingonNontraditionalFormsofCommunityEngagement:ParticipantsnotedthattheCityhasongoingchallengeswithengagingresidentsinitsplanningandpolicymakingprocessesandthatinordertoengageandsustainresidentparticipation,theCityanditspartnersneedtoshiftawayfromtraditionalmeetingstructuresandtowardnontraditionalformsofcommunityengagement.Participantsidentifiedadoptinginterceptsurveysasonestrategyfordirectcommunicationwithresidents,aswellasleveragingtheGoOutandTourSanger(GOATS)

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bicyclerideasawaytoengageresidentsandseekfeedback.TheGOATSbicycleridecurrentlymeetstohighlightandtourexistingbicyclefacilitiesinthecommunity,whilealsoteachingparticipantshowtoridemoresafely.TheGOATSconceptcouldeasilybeadaptedtocollectparticipantfeedbackonwalkingandbikingconditionsthatneedimprovementintheCity.

● InfrastructureImprovementsonJensenAvenue:Basedonthecollisiondata,thewalkassessmentexperience,andtheconversationwitharesidentduringthewalkassessment,thegroupunanimouslysupportedpursuinginfrastructureimprovementsonJensenAvenuetoreducedriverspeedsandimprovecrossingconditions.ParticipantsdiscussedthepossibilityoftrafficcalmingandreducingthenumberoftravellanesonJensenAvenue–whichwouldrequireupfrontcommunityeducationandengagementtofosterbuy-in–aswellasupgradinguncontrolledcrossingswithhigh-visibilitycrosswalkmarkingsandrectangularrapidflashingbeacons.

● DevelopaRulesoftheRoadSafetyEducationCampaign:Participantsidentifiedthatimprovingtheknowledgeofdriversandpedestrianswasapriorityandexpressedthatnotallresidentswereawareoftherulesoftheroad.Participantssupportedthedevelopmentofacomprehensive“RulesoftheRoad”safetyeducationcampaignfocusedoncommunicatingtheeffectofspeedoncollisionseverityandonthelegalresponsibilityofdriverstoyieldtopedestriansinmarkedorunmarkedcrosswalks.

Participantsengagedinactionplanningfollowingthewalkassessment.

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CaliforniaWalks/SafeTRECRecommendationsCaliforniaWalksandSafeTRECalsosubmitthefollowingrecommendationsforconsiderationbytheKernCountyDepartmentofPublicHealth,KernCountyDepartmentofPublicWorks,CityofBakersfieldPublicWorks,andresidents:

● TemporaryDemonstrationsonJensenAvenue:BecausethereappearstobewidespreadinterestinimprovingsafetyconditionsonJensenAvenue–particularlyatuncontrolledcrossings–werecommendthattheCityplanandimplementtemporarydemonstrationprojectsonJensenAvenuetodemonstratetocommunityresidentswhatpedestrianandbicyclesafetyimprovementprojectscouldlooklikeonthatstreet.Temporarydemonstrationscanbeaccomplishedwithlow-costmaterialsandprovideanon-traditionalopportunityfortheCitytosolicitfeedbackfromresidents.WerecommendreviewingtheVentura/KingsCanyonCorridorCompleteStreetsPlan4toseehowtheCityofFresnoexperimentedwithtemporarydemonstrations.TheCitycouldalsopursuefundingfromtheFresnoCouncilofGovernments(FresnoCOG)tosupportitstemporarydemonstrationefforts.

● IntegrateCompleteStreetsintoMaintenanceProjects:WerecommendthattheCityintegrateacompletestreetsapproachintheCity’smaintenanceprojectsthroughtheuseofacompletestreets/pavingprojectcoordinationchecklist5tohelpensurethatregularroadmaintenanceprojectsincludepedestrianandbicyclesafetyimprovementswheneverpossible.Thisisacost-effectiveapproachthatwehaveseenworkinothercommunitiestodramaticallyexpandtheirbicyclenetworksandtoimprovepedestrianandbicyclesafety.

● PursueFundingforaDedicatedSafeRoutestoSchoolCoordinator:WerecommendthattheCityworkwiththeSangerUnifiedSchoolDistricttopursuefundingthroughthestateorregionalActiveTransportationProgram(ATP)forapaidSafeRoutestoSchool(SRTS)Coordinator.TheATPisexpectedtoreleaseacallforprojectsinSpring2018.TherolesandresponsibilitiesofaSRTSCoordinator—eitherpart-timeorfull-time—varybylocalityandaccordingtotherecentlyreleased“BuildingMomentumforSafeRoutestoSchool”toolkitco-authoredbySafeRoutestoSchoolNationalPartnership,6aSRTSCoordinatormay:

○ Recruitandtrainvolunteerstoimplementeducationandencouragementactivitiesatindividualschools;

○ Coordinatedistrictorcounty-wideactivitiessuchasspecialWalkandBiketoSchoolDayevents;

○ Identifyandprioritizesafetyconcernsthroughwalkassessmentsandcommunityoutreach;

○ Workwithengineersandplannersonchangestothephysicalinfrastructurearoundschools;

○ IdentifyfundingopportunitiestoexpandSRTSprogramming;and○ LeadorimplementalocalSRTStaskforce.

4Availablehttp://www.fresnocog.org/sites/default/files/publications/VKC_Project/FinalPlan_2.pdf5SeeCityofOaklandChecklistforCompleteStreets/PavingProjectCoordinationasanexample.Availableathttps://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/road_diets/guidance/docs/oakland_chklist.pdf6SeeSafeRoutetoSchoolNationalPartnership&SantaClaraCountyPublicHealthDepartment,“BuildingMomentumforSafeRoutestoSchool:AToolkitforSchoolDistrictsandCityLeaders,”2017.Availableat:http://www.saferoutespartnership.org/resources/toolkit/building-momentum-safe-routes-school

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AcknowledgmentsWewouldliketothankDanielGalvez,JoaquinZamora,andDavidBrleticwiththeCityofSangerforinvitingusintotheircommunity,forhostingtheCommunityPedestrianandBicycleSafetyTraining,andforgenerouslyprovidingdinnerforparticipants.Wewouldliketoacknowledgethemanycommunitymembersandagenciespresentattheworkshopandtheirdedicationtopedestrianandbicyclesafety.Theircollectiveparticipationmeaningfullyinformedandstrengthenedtheworkshop’soutcomes.FundingforthisprogramwasprovidedbyagrantfromtheCaliforniaOfficeofTrafficSafetythroughtheNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration.

AppendixA

PedestrianandBicycleCollisionDataAnalysis

CommunityPedestrianandBicyclistSafetyWorkshop–Sanger,CA–9/6/17

PedestrianandBicycleCollisionAnalyses,2006-15*

*DataSource:CaliforniaStatewideIntegratedTrafficRecordsSystem(SWITRS).Collisiondatafor2014and2015areprovisional

atthistime.

FundingforthisprojectwasprovidedbyagrantfromtheCaliforniaOfficeofTrafficSafetythroughtheNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration.

PEDESTRIANS

NumberofCollisionsInvolvingPedestrians,2006-15

Thebluelineshowsthenumberofpedestrian

collisionswhereafatalityand/orinjuryoccurred.

Therewere41peopleinjuredorkilledin38

pedestriancollisionsoverthelast10years.

Thegreenlineshowsthethree-yearmoving

averageofthenumberofpedestriancollisions

whereafatalityand/orinjuryoccurred.The

movingaverageisusefulfortrackingtrendchange

overtime,especiallywhenthenumberof

collisionsissubjecttovariability.Datapointsare

themidpointofthethreeyearsofdataspecified.

Thefollowinganalysesarebasedonthemostcurrentfiveyears,2011to2015,ofdataforSanger,CA.There

were22peopleinjuredin21pedestriancollisions.

TopViolationTypesforCollisionsInvolvingPedestrians

TypeofViolation CollisionsN(%)

Otherviolation 6(28.6%)

Drivermustyieldpedestrianrightofwayinacrosswalk 6(28.6%)

Pedestrianyield,uponroadwayoutsidecrosswalk 4(19.1%)

Startingorbackingwhileunsafe 3(14.3%)

Unsafespeedforprevailingconditions(useforallprimafacielimits) 2(9.5%)

Total 21(100.0%)

PedestrianActionsinCollisionsInvolvingPedestrians

PedestrianAction CollisionsN(%)

CrossinginCrosswalkatIntersection 8(38.1%)

CrossingNotinCrosswalk 5(23.8%)

InRoad,IncludingShoulder 5(23.8%)

NotinRoad 3(14.3%)

Total 21(100.0%)




atthistime.


PedestrianVictimDemographics

Theageofpedestrianvictimsrangedconsiderablyacrossallagegroups,withyouthage19oryoungeraccounting

for54.5%percentofallvictims.Victimswereprimarilymale.

VictimInjurySeverity,2011-15

Mostcollisionsresultedinminorinjuries.

9 (40.9%) 3 (13.6%) 20 (10.7%) 4 (18.2%) 2 (9.09%) 4 (18.2%) 0

2

4

6

8

10

14oryounger 15to19 20to24 24to44 45to64 65orolder

NumberofVictims(n)

VictimAge

SevereInjury

4(18.2%)

OtherVisibleInjury7(31.8%)

ComplaintofPain11(50%) Male

15 (68.2%)

Female 6

(27.3%)

NotStated1 (4.5%)




atthistime.


BICYCLISTS

NumberofCollisionsInvolvingBicyclists,2006-2015

Thebluelineshowsthenumberof

bicyclecollisionswhereafatalityand/or

injuryoccurred.Therewere39people

killedorinjuredin38bicyclecollisions

overthelast10years.

Thegreenlineshowsthethree-year

movingaverageofthenumberofbicycle

collisionswhereafatalityand/orinjury

occurred.Themovingaverageisuseful

fortrackingtrendchangeovertime,

especiallywhenthenumberofcollisions

issubjecttovariability.

Thefollowinganalysesarebasedonthemostcurrentfiveyears,2011to2015,ofdataforSanger,CA.There

were23peoplekilledorinjuredin22bicyclecollisions.

TopViolationTypesforCollisionsInvolvingBicycles

TypeofViolation CollisionsN(%)

OtherViolations 7(33.3%)

AutomobileRightofWay 6(27.3%)

TrafficSignalsandSigns 4(18.2%)

Notstated/Unknown 3(13.6%)

WrongSideofRoad 2(9.1%)

Total 22(100%)




atthistime.


BicyclingVictimsDemographics

Theageofbicyclingcollisionvictimsvariedacrossallagegroups,withyouthage19oryoungeraccountingfor

22.73percentofvictims.Themajorityofvictimsweremale.

VictimInjurySeverity,2011-15

Mostcollisionsresultedinminorinjuries.

2 (8.7%) 3 (13%) 1… 6 (26.1%) 8 (34.8%) 2 (8.7%) 0

2

4

6

8

10

14oryounger 15to19 20to24 24to44 45to64 65orolder

NumberofVictims(n)

VictimAge

Fatal 1 (4.3%)

SevereInjury2(8.7%)

OtherVisibleInjury7(30.4%)

ComplaintofPain13(56.5%)

Male 14 (60.9%)

Female 9

(39.1%)




atthistime.


PedestrianCollisionLocations,2011-15Note:Only18of22collisionsaregeo-coded.




atthistime.


BicycleCollisionLocations,2011-15Note:Only21of22collisionsaregeo-coded.

Documents

Recommendations to Improve Pedestrian & Bicycle …...agency staff to make communities safer and more pleasant to walk and bike. For each training, the program convenes a multi-sector,