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RECOMMENDATIONS
ON IMPLEMENTATION
OF UNSCR 1325
GENDER TRAINING & EDUCATION
RECOMMENDATIONS ON IMPLEMENTATION
OF UNSCR 1325
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TABLE OF CONTENT
INTRODUCTION 7
BACKGROUND 10
Gender Training and Education 15
RECOMMENDATIONS ON IMPLEMENTATION OF UNSCR 1325 15
ImplementationofUNSCR1325 17
SeniorLeadershipInvolvement 17
EducationandTraining 18
GenderExpertise 19
Communication 20
Conclusion: Summary of the recommendations 21
Previouspublications 25
Abbreviations 29
Referencetexts 33
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INTRODUCTION
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INTRODUCTION
Today’s conflicts not only call for military responses; other capacities andresourcesneedtobeaddressedtobearincrisisandpost-crisissituations.Inrecognisingtheimportantanddistinctiverolethatwomencanplayinconflictresolutionandpeacesettlement,NATOseeksto improveitseffectivenesstocontributetoitsoverallmissionsuccess.
NATO’smissionistocontributetosustainableandlastingpeace,withinwhichgenderequalityisakeyfactor.Includingthegenderdimensioninallstagesoftheoperationalprocess-inthedesign,planning,implementation,monitoringandevaluationofpoliciesandprogrammes–isbeneficialtoachievingNATO’smission. Effectiveness in complex security environments means respectingandfullyembracingthediversityofbackgrounds,skillsandexperiencesofall.Adoptingagenderperspective into interveningandsolvingmodernconflictscontributestoendurablepeaceandmissionsuccess.
In 2009 the NATO Committee on Women in NATO Forces (CWINF) had itsTermsofReferencerevisedandextendedtoincludetheimplementationoftheUnitedNationsSecurityCouncilResolution1325(UNSCR1325)andUNSCR1820onWomen,PeaceandSecurity,aswellasrelatedandfutureUNSCR’sdealingwithgenderissues.Sincethatmoment,theCommitteeisrecognizedunderthenameofNATOCommitteeonGenderPerspectives(NCGP).
AspertheTOR,theNCGPisanadvisorybodytotheMilitaryCommittee(MC)ongenderrelatedpoliciesfortheArmedForcesoftheAlliance.ThepurposeoftheCommitteeistopromotegendermainstreamingasastrategyformakingwomen’saswellasmen’sconcernsandexperiencesanintegraldimensionofthedesign, implementation,monitoringandevaluationofpolicies,programsandmilitaryoperations.
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BACKGROUND
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BACKGROUND
InOctober2000,theUnitedNationsSecurityCounciladoptedtheresolution1325onWomen,PeaceandSecurity.Byagreeingtheresolution,theInternationalCommunityrecognizesthatcivilians,particularlywomenandchildren,accountforthevastmajorityofthoseadverselyaffectedbyarmedconflicts.
The resolutioncalls for the implementationof internationalhumanitarianandhuman rights law, institutional arrangements to guarantee the protection ofwomen and girls and their full participation in peace processes. It requestsmemberstatestoincreasetherepresentationofwomenatalllevelsofdecisionmaking for prevention, management and resolution of conflict. It seeks toexpandtheroleofwomeninfield-basedoperationsandsupportstheinclusionofagenderperspectiveinpeacekeepingoperations.
Since the adoption of the resolution in 2000, other organizations andpartnerships, such as the EU and the OSCE, have endorsed its principles.Nationsallovertheworldaredevelopingnationalactionplanstoimplementtheresolutions,followedbytheirdefenseinstitutions.
In2007,accordingtoitsmission,theCWINFdevelopedasetofrecommendations‘’CWINFGuidance forNATOGenderMainstreaming’’, inorder tocontributetothedevelopmentofageneralapproachtothemainstreamingofagenderperspectiveinNATO’smilitaryoperations.
In2008,theCWINFpublishedaselectedlistofessentialbestpracticesbasedonnationallessonslearnedtoimprovegenderbalance,coveringdomainssuchas recruitment, employment, career development, operational planning andoperations in addition to education and training, entitled: “Best practices toimprovethegenderbalance”.
This year’s Committee meeting focused on the implementation of UNSCR1325andgendertrainingandeducation.Basedonnationalandinternationalexperiences, the domains that need to be developed to improve theimplementationofUNSCR1325were identified.TheNCGP thendevelopedrecommendationsthatarepublishedinthisbrochure,whichisavailablealongwithpreviousCommitteepublicationsontheCommittee’swebsite.
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SergeantfromHereford,anursewiththeQueenAlexander’sRoyalArmyNursingCorps,comfortsarefugeewho isthoughttobeover100yearsold,butcannotrememberherexactbirthday.ShewasoneoftwentythreeveryoldpeoplewhowererescuedbytheBritishArmyattheBlace’crossingpoint.08/04/1999
GENDER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
RECOMMENDATIONS ON IMPLEMENTATION
OF UNSCR 1325
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1. Implementation of UNSCR 1325
TheNCGPfoundthattheUNSCR1325isimplementedinaninconsistentwayacrossnations.Someofthemhavewelldevelopedplansanddirectivesandareorganizingtrainingandeducationsessionspriortodeploymentaswellasinthetheatre.Othershavejuststartedtoconsiderthetopic.
Yet in 2007, NATO adopted a Euro-Atlantic Partnership Counsel (EAPC)policy, tasking the member states to develop practical proposals for theimplementationofUNSCR1325.TheNACandtheEAPCaretokeepprogressonthisimplementationunderconstantreview,andreportonanannualbasis.
In September 2009, NATO approved a Bi-SC (Bi-Strategic Command)Directive40-1on“IntegratingUNSCR1325andGenderPerspectives in theNATOCommandstructures includingmeasures forprotectionduringarmedconflict”.ThedirectiveisapplicabletoallinternationalMilitaryHeadquartersoranyotherorganizationsoperatingwithNATOchainsofcommand.ItincludesNATOstandardsofBehaviourforoperationsandmissionsandanOperationalPlanningchecklist.
TheNCGPassessedthatsomenationsdonotyetcomplywiththeseNATOpolicies and directives. Consequently the NCGP recommends nations todevelop a National Action Plan (NAP) and directives to promote gendermainstreaming.ItisimportantthattheNAPisupdatedandreviewedinordertomaintainvalidity.
Nations who do not have a NAP are advised to enhance coordination andconsultation mechanisms with other players such as NATO InternationalStaffand internationalorganizationsor research institutes involved ingendermatters.
2. Senior Leadership InvolvementTo have a gender approach to military operations, it is essential and of theutmostimportancethatseniorleadersarecommitted.Goodwillandsupportarenotenough,activeinvolvementisneeded.
AlthoughtheBi-SCdirective40-1formallytasksNATOthestructurewiththeimplementationoftheResolution,andthusputstheonusontheparticipantsto ensure compliance in peacekeeping operations, the senior leadershipinvolvementshouldgobeyondthat;itrequestsforapersonalcommitmentoftheleaders.
Commitmentatthehighestlevel isakeyfactorforthefull implementationofUNSCR1325.
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In order to increase commitment from senior leaders and commanders aretheyshouldbeheldaccountableforprogress.Theyshouldbeconsciousthatgenderisaforcemultiplierforoperationalsuccess.
The acknowledged1 benefits of applying a gender perspective into militaryoperationsare:
• Moreextensiveinformationgatheringcapacitiestoimproveaccessandcommunication with the local population in order to make better andmorebalancedecisions;
• Overall situational awareness of all parties involved in the conflict toincreasecredibilityandacceptanceof theoperationand the troops intheatre;
• Enhanced mutual understanding and respect to assure a better forceprotection.
TheNCGPrecommendsseniorleaderstocommitandtoactivelysupporttheimplementationofagenderperspectiveatNATOandnationallevels.
3. Education and Training
Itwasstatedatthe2008CWINF’sconferencethateducationandtrainingisconsidered tobeacatalyst for improving theawarenessongenderand forthesuccessfulimplementationofagenderperspectiveintooperations,nationsare recommended to develop their own national education and/or trainingprograms.
Even though education and training are distinguished as different, they arecomplementary.
Education ismainly foroperationalplannersanddecisionmakers,aimingoncreating gender awareness. Education is non-specific and theoretical, andcontributes to directives, operational plans and national plans including agenderperspective.
Trainingismoreconcrete,interactiveandshouldbescenariobasedforclearlydefinedandrealisticsituations.Thegendertrainingispracticalandspecifictothemission.Thebasisofgoodtrainingiscomprehensivedirectives.Thereforealltrainingshouldbebasedoneducation.
1 “OperationalEffectivenessandUNResolution1325–PracticesandLessonsLearnedfromAfghanistan”See:Referencetexts
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The Committee believes that gender training should be included in pre-deploymentand inductiontrainingforallNATO-ledoperations,even if this isanationalconcern.ToassureinteroperabilityandconsistencythroughouttheNations,theCommitteerecommendsthat:
• NATOoffersagender training template toenableagreatercoherenceofgendertrainingacrossNATOnations.Thetemplateshouldbefreeforadaptationtoconcurwiththespecificoperationalcontextorfornationstoemphasizepointsofparticularnationalinterest;
• NATO offers a “train-the-trainer” program to meet the requirement forstandardizationandinteroperabilitywithingender;
• NATO and nations provide appropriate resources in terms of funding,timeandpersonnel;
It is NATO’s responsibility to ensure standardization and interoperability ingendertrainingandeducationfortroopsofdifferentnationsworkingtogetherinaNATOoperation.TherecommendedprogramswouldenabletheessentialcoherenceofgendertrainingacrossNATO.
In order to achieve the training goals, the CWINF agreed in 2008 that thefollowingpointsshouldbetakenintoconsiderationwhenorganizingthenationaltraining:
• Educationandtrainingshouldbeongoingthroughoutthecareer;• Specific training should be organized for senior leaders and mission
commanders;
• Thetrainingshouldbegivenbymilitaryteams,mixedingender;
• The training should be integrated in pre-deployment and in-missiontrainingratherthanconsistofastand-alonemodule.i.e.emphasizethegenderperspectivethroughouteveryphaseoftheoperation;
• Thetrainingshouldbebasedoncleardirectives.Itisintendedtoenforcestandard behaviour (Code of conduct, rules of engagement, standingoperatingprocedures).
4. Gender Expertise
TheNCGPacknowledgesthatthereisalotofgenderexpertisegatheredovertime,butitisnotstructuredandmadeavailabletogenderadvisers.ConsequentlytheCommitteeconcludesthatthereisaneedforagenderfocalpointnetworktoexchangeknowledgeandsharebestpracticeswith thegenderadvisers.Additionally,acentralizeddatabasewith lessons learned,missionsuccesses
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andfailuresisanotherrecommendedtool.Thisgenderfocalpointnetworkandthedatabaseshouldbeusedtodevelop,adaptorupdatetrainingprograms,astheyareessentialtoolsforeffectivetraining.
AsecondconclusionoftheCommitteeisthatthegenderadvisor,asacounselor,hastobeintegratedintothemilitarystructuretosupporttheCommander.Theexactlocationintheorganizationofthestaff–beitattachedtotheCommanderdirectlyortohisExecutingOfficer,orembeddedinstaffcellssuchasOperations(J3),Plans(J5)orCIMIC(J9)–istobedeterminedcasebycase.
5. CommunicationCommunication is another key factor to successfully implement the genderperspective. Spreading and sharing information about gender issues is animportantwaytoenhancegenderawarenessandto improveeducationandtraining.
Pushinginformationcanbeachievedbyorganizingandmaintaininganetworkofgenderexperts–advisersorfocalpoints–thatallowsaneasyexchangeofexperiencesandbestpractices.
Sharinginformationistobeachievedbyagenderrelateddatabaseincludinglessons learned,missionsuccessesand failures. Inaddition, thecentralizedrepertoirecanbeusedtoimprovealreadydevelopedtrainingprograms.
As stated above, the network of gender experts and the gender relateddatabasearenotonlytoolsforexchangingexpertise.Theyareindispensableinstrumentsforbettercommunication,becausetheyarehelpfultocommunicateexperiences,bestpracticesandlessonslearned.
Lessonslearnedconcerninggendershouldbecomeanintegralpartofthehand-over/take-overprocessofresponsiblepersonnelsuchastroopcommandersorheadsofmission.
When soldiers are in contactwith the local population, they shouldbeableto communicate goals and mission objectives to their counterparts. Thesegoalsandmissionobjectivesmusthavebeencommunicatedtothematthebeginningoftheirdeploymentinordertoexplainthereasonofthemissiontowinheartsandminds.
TheNCGPrecognizesthatcommunicationisanimportantissuewithinitsownorganization,atalllevels.ItisreadytoactasapartinorganizinganetworkofgenderexpertstoactivelypushinformationforNATOnations.
CONCLUSION:
SUMMARY OF THE RECOMMENDATIONS
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CONCLUSION:
SUMMARY OF THE RECOMMENDATIONS
TheNATOCommitteeonGenderPerspectivesrecommends:
• NationstodevelopaNationalActionPlan(NAP)anddirectivestopromotegendermainstreaming;
• SeniorleaderstobecommittedandtoactivelysupporttheimplementationofagenderperspectiveatNATOandnationallevels;
• NATOtoofferagendertrainingtemplatetoenableagreatercoherenceofgendertrainingacrossNATOnations;
• NATOtooffera“train-the-trainer”programtomeettherequirementforstandardizationandinteroperabilitywithingender;
• NATOandnationstoprovideappropriateresourcesintermsoffunding,timeandpersonnel;
• Agender focalpointnetwork toexchangeknowledgeandsharebestpracticeswiththegenderadvisers;
• A centralized database with lessons learned, mission successes andfailures;
• The gender advisor, as a counselor, to be integrated into the militarystructuretosupporttheCommander.
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PREVIOUS PUBLICATIONS
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PREVIOUS PUBLICATIONS
AvailableontheofficialCommitteewebsite:http://www.nato.int/issues/women_nato/index.html
1. CWINFGuidanceforNATOGenderMainstreaming-publishedin2007;
2. BestPracticestoimproveGenderBalance -publishedin2008;
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ABBREVIATIONS
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ABBREVIATIONS
Bi-SC Bi-StrategicCommandCWINF CommitteeonWomeninNATOForcesEAPC Euro-AtlanticPartnershipCouncilEU EuropeanUnionMC MilitaryCommitteeNAC NorthAtlanticCouncilNAP NationalactionPlanNCGP NATOCommitteeonGenderPerspectivesOSCE OrganizationforSecurityandCo-operationinEuropeUNSCR UnitedNationsSecurityCouncilResolution
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REFERENCE TEXTS
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REFERENCE TEXTS
• UNSCR1325onWomen,PeaceandSecurity,31Oct2000
• Bi-SC40-1ontheintegrationofUNSCR1325andgenderperspectivesintheNATOCommandstructureincludingmeasuresforprotectionduringarmedconflict.(See:“Pdflibrary”onthe“Women,PeaceandSecurity”pageoftheNATOwebsite)
• Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council document EAPC(C)D(2007)0022,Implementing UNSCR 1325 on Women, Peace and Security, 10 Dec2007
• Terms of Reference of the NATO Committee on Gender PerspectivesMC0249/2,20May2009(See:“GenderPerspectives,Committeeon”,under“Topics”onthe“Women,PeaceandSecurity”pageoftheNATOwebsite)
• “Operational Effectiveness and UN Resolution 1325 – Practices andLessonsLearnedfromAfghanistan”bydifferentauthors.(See:“Links”onthe“Women,PeaceandSecurity”pageoftheNATOwebsite)
MoreinformationrelatedtotheCommitteeonWomenintheNATOForcescanbefoundonthewebpage:
http://www.nato.int/issues/women_nato/index.html
0012-10NATOGraphics&Printing