RECOMMENDATION DRAFTM2M Power Group

M2M in Power Sector

• Meter Reading

AMR

• Meter Management

• Remote Disconnection/ Reconnection

AMI• Load & Demand Management

• Self Healing• Multiple Generation Points

Smart Grid

• Mains & MCB Control

• Smart Appliances

• Smart access• Home Surveillance

Smart Homes

• Smart Street Lighting

• Smart Signage• Waste management

• Workforce & Ticket Management

• Traffic ManagementSmart City

•Mobile App for Home Management

•Climate Control in Home

•Augmented Reality

Smart Lifestyle

REAL TIME RESPONSE (LATENCY CRITICAL)

STAND ALONE TO MASH-UP REQUIREMENT

UTILITY TO CUSTOMER FOCUS

Key Requirements IdentifiedKey Concerns Highlighted

• Network Latency (Low Latency for Real Time Applications)• Data Reliability (Low Packet Loss)• Data Security (Encryption/VPN, Centralized Authentication, Prevent IP Spoofing)• Scalability & Manageability (Centralized Architecture & NMS)• Multicast Communication (Server to Clients)• Centralized Traffic Management and Aggregation over L2 or L3 connectivity• Data Priority• Node/ Client Balancing & Roaming• Public IP constraint (IPv6 supported)• SIM management (Sim states to meet M2M business requirements)• M2M lifecycle Management• Application Enablement• Mashup & Bashup (API Based)• Low TCO

STUDY ITEM 1: COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY FOR M2M POWER APPLICATIONS

Scope: Outline the LAN and WAN communication technologies for M2M devices and gateways for Indian power Sector.

Segments of CommunicationHome Area

Network• Wi-Fi (in-room

APs)• Bluetooth• Zigbee• NFC Neighborhood

Area Network/ WLAN

• 6LowPAN• Wi-Fi (Outdoor

APs)• Zigbee• UBR (5Ghz)• PLC

WAN

• Cellular• Wireline• V-Sat

Physical v/s Communication Layers

Segment Wise Communication Technology

Segment Range Suitable For Recommended Technology

HAN, IAN < 50 meters

Smart Appliances, Digital Signage,

Residential, Commercial Customers – Wi-FiIndustrial Customers – Zigbee, Ethernet LAN

NAN <1 Km AMR, AMI Gateway 6LowPAN

WAN >1 Km Backhaul from Gateway

Cellular (GPRS, 3G), LTE, Wireline, Wi-Fi Assisted Mobile Offload

ISGF Study Paper

Range• Sub GHz Band offers more range than the higher frequency bands

Interference• 2.4 Mhz band used for wi-fi, bluetooth, microwave, cordless phones etc.

Low Power Consumption• Sub GHz band consumes low power as compared to high freq band

In Building Penetration• Higher in building penetration than GHz bands

TCO• Lower TCO as compared to cellular/LBR deployment

DoT/TEC requested to issue clarifications on the use of the 433-434 MHz band• Some newsletters/press releases mention that this band is deregulated but it is

not there on the DoT website. It would be great if an official word comes from DoT to bring clarity

Advantages of Low Power Band over High Frequency Bands

Comparison with Zigbee

Large Stack Size• 64Kb as compared to 30kb in 6LoWPAN

Interoperability• Not interoperable with devices on other communication NW

Overlaps with Licensed Band• New Zigbee Protocol works on 910Mhz which is allocated to Cellular Providers

Middleware requirement• Needs Middleware to communicate to IP Network

Disadvantage wrt. Low Power Band

Issues with Other Technologies

Wi-Fi• Multiple IP devices would hog the bandwidth and create congestion• Increasingly in use for Home Appliances, Smart Signage, Surveillance etc.• Security risk if client is locally authenticated (from AP/ Gateway)

Power Line Communication• Nascent technology in India• Poor condition of power lines in India a deterrent• Significant dependency on field support for implementation and maintenance• Low Throughput in frequency bands applicable

Disadvantage wrt. Low Power Band

PLC Technology DetailsEurope, USA, Japan and China are some examples of regions where frequency bands have been allocated for PLC communications. Regions and frequency bands allocated for PLC:Region Frequency band for PLCEurope CENELEC A: 3-95 KHz for power utilities

CENELEC B: 95-125 KHz for any applicationCENELEC C: 125-140 KHz for in-home networking with mandatory CSMA/CA protocolCENELEC D: 140-148.5 KHz Alarm and Security systems

USA 10-490 KHz, and2-30 MHz

Japan 10-450 KHzChina 3-500 KHz

There is a need to allocate frequency bands for narrowband and broadband PLC communications. The above mentioned frequency bands and standards need to be studied and reviewed for adoption (with or without modification) in India

ISGF Recommendation

Clarity Required• End to End Architecture• Link Redundancies• Intermittent Node Capacities• Implementation Timelines• TCO (Tariff per Gbps)• NoC Monitoring• AAA, OSS/BSS, Billing, Lifecycle

Management)• Central IP management• NW Security• Stakeholder Acceptance

Proposed Technical Recommendations

6LowPAN as Last Mile• Last Mile from meter to concentrator or gateway. • Would need to be on L3 domain (on a different IP subnet) with data flowing through an encrypted channel.• Client discovery and load balancing via Mesh Network to be supported• Centralized OTA Configuration and Channel Management to be Supported• Centralized IP allocation via DHCP server to ease IP planning and conflict• Centralized client Authentication, Authorization and Accounting for Billing Integration & QoS management

by Policy Manager• Centralized Session Management with quota auth/ reauth from AAA server• Hence Control and Data Plane to flow to central servers for IP Allocation, authentication, data session

management, accounting, billing & lifecycle managementGateway to Data Center Aggregator• Encrypted Data Communication between Gateway & Data Center Aggregator• Gateway Should Support QinQ and Selective VLAN forwarding, IPv6 tunneling, VPN, Broadcast Suppression,

QoS implementation (from PM)• Gateway should Isolate Rogue client and support intrusion prevention (IP and MAC/ESN Spoofing)• Support DHCP relay with location input• L2 VPN, L3 VPN over Cellular NW, Leased Line, ILL & Broadband• Wi-Fi enabled Mobile Offload (EAP SIM authentication)• Future Connectivity plans (OFC from 33KV Substation to Data Center - proposed National Optical Fiber NW)

High Level Architecture

Gateway

6LowPAN Mesh

Firewall

Central Data

Aggregator

BRAS or Session

Manager INTERNET

AAA/MAP GW

DHCP PM

OCS

HLR

IT OSS/B

SS

HeadEnd

Server

MPLS P2P LL

WAN Link

GPRS

LL

VPN Over

ILL/BB

VPN

Utility DC

LBR/ UBR

Call FlowDHCPMeter

Node/ GW

Session Manager

Session Initiation

QinQ Data traffic

AAA

Radius Authentication

IGWOr

MPLS

Exit towards Headend Server

IP Lease

Quota ManagementAcc Start/ Stop & Reauth

G/W Data

Aggregator

Data Session

WAN Communication Type1

A local RF mesh scenario with remote application server

GGSNSGSN

SIM

BTS BSC

WAN Communication Type 2

A-10

GGSNSGSNSIM

BTS BSCEnergy Meter

Distributed Metering Infrastructure

WAN Communication Type3

CPEILL/ LL

BRAS

INTERNET

AAA

Low Latency Applications over broadband connectivity

WAN Communication Type4

Mobile Offload via Wi-Fi Backhaul

Connectivity From TSP DC to Utility DC

MPLS ConnectivityDedicated VRF

TSP DC Customer DC

Switch Switch

VPN Over Internet for TSP to Utility DC

IP Sec

Platform Requirements for Power Sector

High Level M2M Platform Architecture23

Rest

APIs SD

K

SIM Diagnostics RequirementSignal Strength

SIM activation status

SIM profile

SIM connection status

GPRS Status (enabled/disabled)

Data Roaming Profile

SIM in Home NW or Roaming

Account Balance, Unbilled Amount, Credit Limit

Last transaction/ usage date & time

Obtain heartbeat from Meters

Integrate to the GMLC via API to identify the location of the SIM and availability on the network.

SIM Management• Number Management• Allocation of Del Number • Sim ordering and delivery• SIM distribution• Pre-provisioning of SIM on issue• Activation of SIM• Sim Card Lifecycle Management• Sim Card Status Control• Sim card change management• Sim card and Hardware Association• Access Management, profiling and Configuration (CS, PS or Voice,

SMS, Data)• Grouping of Sim cards for access, configuration and service

management

SIM Management (Cont..)26

Provisioning and Order Entry

• Sim State Management• CAF Entry• Activation Process• Profile creation and service initiation for M2M product

applicable• Tariff Plan Allocation• Credit Limit allocation and dynamic updation• Provisioning in Network Elements (HLR, AAA etc.)• Linkage to device based authentication

SIM Management (Cont..)27

Customer Care

• Enquiry Management• Service Request Management• Complaint Management and Escalation Matrix• Activation/ De-Activation of Service/Device/ SIM• Bill plan provisioning• Analysis and diagnostics• Integration to Self service module for Sim management

Thank You!!!