Recognizing Recognizing Unhealthy Eating Unhealthy Eating

PatternsPatterns

Healthy Eating PatternsHealthy Eating Patterns

• Eating patterns include where, when, Eating patterns include where, when, how, what and why you choose to eat how, what and why you choose to eat the foods you dothe foods you do

• Means eating for the purpose of Means eating for the purpose of satisfying your hungersatisfying your hunger

• A person with a healthy eating A person with a healthy eating pattern will listen to her/his hunger pattern will listen to her/his hunger cues and eat only enough to feel cues and eat only enough to feel satisfiedsatisfied

Unhealthy Eating Unhealthy Eating PatternsPatterns

• Wide range of unhealthy eating patternsWide range of unhealthy eating patterns– Eating too much at once or over a period of timeEating too much at once or over a period of time– Eating too littleEating too little– Eating substances that are not considered foodEating substances that are not considered foodThe effect that an unhealthy eating pattern has on a The effect that an unhealthy eating pattern has on a

person’s body depends on the extent to which the person person’s body depends on the extent to which the person engages in this type of eating and the rest of the engages in this type of eating and the rest of the person’s lifestyleperson’s lifestyle

Obesity may lead to health problems such as diabetes, Obesity may lead to health problems such as diabetes, heart disease, high cholesterol, liver damage, digestive heart disease, high cholesterol, liver damage, digestive problemsproblems

Reasons for unhealthy eating patternsReasons for unhealthy eating patterns-boredom-boredom-loneliness-loneliness-depression-depression-stress-stress

Unhealthy eating Unhealthy eating patternspatterns

• Grazing – constantly snacking on unhealthy foods Grazing – constantly snacking on unhealthy foods that are readily available when you are hungrythat are readily available when you are hungry

• Pica – craving for non-food items, such as clay, Pica – craving for non-food items, such as clay, dirt, paper, or gluedirt, paper, or glue– Normally found in pregnant women, people with mental Normally found in pregnant women, people with mental

disorders, or people whose family or ethnic customs disorders, or people whose family or ethnic customs include eating certain non-food substancesinclude eating certain non-food substances

– People may also eat these materials because they are People may also eat these materials because they are lacking in a nutrient the substance may supplylacking in a nutrient the substance may supply

– Considered harmful because substances can be Considered harmful because substances can be poisonous and harm the bodypoisonous and harm the body

– Can be treated with therapyCan be treated with therapyDieting – includes a wide range of behavioursDieting – includes a wide range of behavioursYo-yo dieting – or known as weight cycling, refers to a Yo-yo dieting – or known as weight cycling, refers to a

pattern of rapid weight gain and losspattern of rapid weight gain and loss

DietingDieting• Can cause health problems- eat to little so in time body Can cause health problems- eat to little so in time body

becomes deficient in vitamins and other nutrients the body becomes deficient in vitamins and other nutrients the body needs to functionneeds to function

• People who diet are unhappy with their bodies, although People who diet are unhappy with their bodies, although they may be at the ideal weightthey may be at the ideal weight

• 95% of dieters put the weight back on plus more95% of dieters put the weight back on plus more• If the body feels like it is being starved, it will slow down If the body feels like it is being starved, it will slow down

how much energy it uses. During a diet, a person will feel how much energy it uses. During a diet, a person will feel hungry. This may make the person feel cranky, extremely hungry. This may make the person feel cranky, extremely tired, and even depressedtired, and even depressed

• Dieting can lead to bingingDieting can lead to binging• Restricting foods can set people up for failure, dieting Restricting foods can set people up for failure, dieting

becomes a problem and people become obsessed with food becomes a problem and people become obsessed with food and losing weight. This leads to eating disordersand losing weight. This leads to eating disorders

Eating DisordersEating Disorders

• Eating disorder describes an extreme, Eating disorder describes an extreme, unhealthy behaviour related to food, eating unhealthy behaviour related to food, eating and weight. and weight.

• Eating disorders affect all people. Generally Eating disorders affect all people. Generally occurs among teens and young adults, occurs among teens and young adults, higher rate of anorexia with athletes and higher rate of anorexia with athletes and models/dancersmodels/dancers

• Three common eating disordersThree common eating disorders– AnorexiaAnorexia– BulimiaBulimia– Compulsive eating disorder/binge eating disorderCompulsive eating disorder/binge eating disorder

Reasons for Eating Reasons for Eating DisordersDisorders

• Type of person (indecisive, no structure in Type of person (indecisive, no structure in life, frustration, need to please others)life, frustration, need to please others)

• Low self-esteemLow self-esteem• Wanting to be perfectWanting to be perfect• ControlControl• Fear of growing upFear of growing up• The family that a person comes fromThe family that a person comes from• The world we live in (media, stress, The world we live in (media, stress,

responsibilities, traumatic experience, responsibilities, traumatic experience, sports)sports)

AnorexiaAnorexia

• Type of eating disorder that involves Type of eating disorder that involves an irresistible urge to lose weight an irresistible urge to lose weight through self-starvation and a refusal through self-starvation and a refusal to maintain a minimally normal body to maintain a minimally normal body weight (dieting out of control)weight (dieting out of control)

• Obsessed with gaining weightObsessed with gaining weight• See page 375 for signs and See page 375 for signs and

symptomssymptoms

BulimiaBulimia

• An eating disorder that involves An eating disorder that involves episodes of binge eating followed by episodes of binge eating followed by purging- the use of self-induced purging- the use of self-induced vomiting, laxatives, or vigorous vomiting, laxatives, or vigorous activities to prevent weight gain.activities to prevent weight gain.

• Bulimics try to get rid of unwanted Bulimics try to get rid of unwanted calories by fasting, going on a strict calories by fasting, going on a strict diet, or exercising to the extreme.diet, or exercising to the extreme.

• See page 378 for signs and symptomsSee page 378 for signs and symptoms

Compulsive Eating/Binge Compulsive Eating/Binge Eating DisorderEating Disorder

• Involves eating huge quantities of food Involves eating huge quantities of food at one time or bingeingat one time or bingeing

• Eating usually lasts under 2 hours and Eating usually lasts under 2 hours and often occurs when a person is often occurs when a person is emotionally upset or under severe stress.emotionally upset or under severe stress.

• People may binge after being on a diet, People may binge after being on a diet, to calm themselves, to distract to calm themselves, to distract themselves from something that is themselves from something that is bothering them or in response to feeling bothering them or in response to feeling inadequate.inadequate.

Symptoms and Effects of Symptoms and Effects of CED/BEDCED/BED

• Bingeing is done in private so is Bingeing is done in private so is difficult to detectdifficult to detect

• Not all binge eaters are trying to Not all binge eaters are trying to stay slim, become obese to…stay slim, become obese to…

• 1/5 of people who are obese binge 1/5 of people who are obese binge eat, these people are very distressed eat, these people are very distressed by their bingeing and feel guilty and by their bingeing and feel guilty and embarrassed about their behaviour.embarrassed about their behaviour.

Help!!!Help!!!

• It is important to realize that people with It is important to realize that people with eating disorders have an illness; most can’t eating disorders have an illness; most can’t stop their destructive behaviours on their ownstop their destructive behaviours on their own

• People with the disorder will become People with the disorder will become defensive and deny they have a problemdefensive and deny they have a problem

• 11stst step is to recognize the disorder – be step is to recognize the disorder – be educatededucated

• 22ndnd step is to be supportive and understanding step is to be supportive and understanding• 33rdrd step is to be patient – this is not an step is to be patient – this is not an

overnight success storyovernight success story

Points to consider when Points to consider when helpinghelping

• If an emergency, take to hospital/clinicIf an emergency, take to hospital/clinic• Do not verbally attack or blameDo not verbally attack or blame• Expect anger and denialExpect anger and denial• Do not push, unless emergencyDo not push, unless emergency• Try to find out underlying problem; must fix Try to find out underlying problem; must fix

that firstthat first• Be consistent and set limits; be reasonableBe consistent and set limits; be reasonable• Do not comment on looks – not even a Do not comment on looks – not even a

complimentcompliment• Focus on abilities and skills not appearanceFocus on abilities and skills not appearance• Do not act like you know all the answers; that Do not act like you know all the answers; that

is for the high paid professionalsis for the high paid professionals

Types of Help availableTypes of Help available

• Physiological – help for the bodyPhysiological – help for the body• Psychological – help for the mindPsychological – help for the mind• Psycho-education – help to understand Psycho-education – help to understand

why the eating disorder began and the why the eating disorder began and the effectseffects

• Cognitive-behavioural therapy – explores Cognitive-behavioural therapy – explores the patient’s beliefs and attitudesthe patient’s beliefs and attitudes

• Psychodynamic therapy – examines the Psychodynamic therapy – examines the traumatic experiences the may have traumatic experiences the may have contributed to the eating disordercontributed to the eating disorder

SupplementsSupplements

• Creatine – an amino acid made naturally in Creatine – an amino acid made naturally in the body from other amino acids; found in raw the body from other amino acids; found in raw meat and fish but most is destroyed in meat and fish but most is destroyed in cooking; used to increase performance but cooking; used to increase performance but will not build muscle; side effects include will not build muscle; side effects include rapid weight gain, diarrhea, stomach rapid weight gain, diarrhea, stomach cramping and muscle crampingcramping and muscle cramping

• Anabolic steroids – fabricated versions of Anabolic steroids – fabricated versions of hormones; results are increased muscle mass; hormones; results are increased muscle mass; illegal in Canada; side effects include risk of illegal in Canada; side effects include risk of HIV/AIDS, hepatitis C, high blood pressure, HIV/AIDS, hepatitis C, high blood pressure, liver disease; see page 388 for physical effectsliver disease; see page 388 for physical effects

Positive body ImagePositive body Image

• Set realistic and healthy goalsSet realistic and healthy goals• Feel good about yourself and help Feel good about yourself and help

others feel good about themselvesothers feel good about themselves