Recognizing Adverb Recognizing Adverb ClausesClauses

Recognizing Adverb Recognizing Adverb ClausesClauses

Lesson 12Lesson 12Joseph C. BlumenthalJoseph C. Blumenthal

a.a. The whistle blew.The whistle blew.

b.b. When the whistle blewWhen the whistle blew

Although both word groups have a subject and a verb, only one word group makes sense by itself.

Which word group makes sense by itself? (a,b)

a.a. The whistle blew.The whistle blew.

b.b. When the whistle blewWhen the whistle blew

Although both word groups have a subject and a verb, only one word group makes sense by itself.

Which word group makes sense by itself? (a,b)

a.a. The whistle blew.The whistle blew.

b.b. When the whistle blewWhen the whistle blew

Word group b is not a sentence because the word ______ has been added.

a.a. The whistle blew.The whistle blew.

b.b. When the whistle blewWhen the whistle blew

Word group b is not a sentence because the word _when_ has been added.

a.a. The road was rough.The road was rough.

b.b. Because the road was Because the road was roughrough

Which word group is a clause? (a,b)

A word group that has a subject and a verb but does not make sense by itself is a clause.

a.a. The road was rough.The road was rough.

b.b. Because the road was Because the road was roughrough

Which word group is a clause? (a,bb)

A word group that has a subject and a verb but does not make sense by itself is a clause.

Because the road was roughBecause the road was rough

This word group would become a sentence if we dropped the word _______.

Because the road was roughBecause the road was rough

This word group would become a sentence if we dropped the word becausebecause..

Every clause is used like a single word—like an adverb, and adjective, or a noun.

Since no adverb, adjective, or noun makes sense by itself, it follows that no clause that is used like one of these words makes sense by itself either.

Only a (clause, sentence) makes sense by itself.

Every clause is used like a single word—like an adverb, and adjective, or a noun.

Since no adverb, adjective, or noun makes sense by itself, it follows that no clause that is used like one of these words makes sense by itself either.

Only a (clause, sentencesentence) makes sense by itself.

In this lesson you will study adverb clauses.

As its name suggests, and adverb clause is a clause that is used as an (adjective, adverb).

In this lesson you will study adverb clauses.

As its name suggests, and adverb clause is a clause that is used as an (adjective, adverbadverb).

An ordinary adverb modifies a verb by answering questions such as When? Where? or How? about its action.

The word recently is an adverb because it tells when about the verb ________.

Our sales increased Our sales increased recentlyrecently..

An ordinary adverb modifies a verb by answering questions such as When? Where? or How? about its action.

The word recently is an adverb because it tells when about the verb increasedincreased..

Our sales increased Our sales increased recentlyrecently..

a.a. Our sales increased recently.Our sales increased recently.

b.b. Our sales increased when we lowered our Our sales increased when we lowered our price.price.

Both the adverb clause in sentence b and the adverb recently in sentence a tell ( where, when, or how) about the verb increased.

a.a. Our sales increased recently.Our sales increased recently.

b.b. Our sales increased when we lowered our Our sales increased when we lowered our price.price.

Both the adverb clause in sentence b and the adverb recently in sentence a tell ( where, whenwhen, or how) about the verb increased.

a.a. Our sales increased recently.Our sales increased recently.

b.b. Our sales increased when we lowered our Our sales increased when we lowered our price.price.

Because the clause in sentence b does the same job as the adverb in sentence a, it is an ______ clause.

a.a. Our sales increased recently.Our sales increased recently.

b.b. Our sales increased when we lowered our Our sales increased when we lowered our price.price.

Because the clause in sentence b does the same job as the adverb in sentence a, it is an adverbadverb clause.

Think of an adverb clause as a “stretched-out” adverb consisting of a number of words and having a subject and a ________.

Think of an adverb clause as a “stretched-out” adverb consisting of a number of words and having a subject and a __verb__.

The word here is an adverb because it tells where about the verb _______.

Our farm begins here.Our farm begins here.

The word here is an adverb because it tells where about the verb _begins_.

Our farm begins here.Our farm begins here.

The adverb clause in sentence b does the same job as the adverb here in sentence a.

Both tell (where, when, how) about the verb begins.

a.a. Our farm begins here.Our farm begins here.

b.b. Our farm begins where the road Our farm begins where the road turns.turns.

The adverb clause in sentence b does the same job as the adverb here in sentence a.

Both tell (wherewhere, when, how) about the verb begins.

a.a. Our farm begins here.Our farm begins here.

b.b. Our farm begins where the road Our farm begins where the road turns.turns.

Both the adverb clause in sentence b and the adverb seriously in sentence a tell (when, where, how) about the verb spoke.

a.a. Mr. Cruz spoke seriously.Mr. Cruz spoke seriously.

b.b. Mr. Cruz spoke as if he meant Mr. Cruz spoke as if he meant business.business.

Both the adverb clause in sentence b and the adverb seriously in sentence a tell (when, where, howhow) about the verb spoke.

a.a. Mr. Cruz spoke seriously.Mr. Cruz spoke seriously.

b.b. Mr. Cruz spoke as if he meant Mr. Cruz spoke as if he meant business.business.

In which sentence does the adverb clause tell why about the verb moved? (a,b)

a.a. We moved because our house was We moved because our house was too small.too small.

b.b. We moved where there were very We moved where there were very few other houses.few other houses.

Besides telling when, where, and how about verbs, as adverbs can do, adverb clauses can also tell why.

In which sentence does the adverb clause tell why about the verb moved? (aa,b)

a.a. We moved because our house was We moved because our house was too small.too small.

b.b. We moved where there were very We moved where there were very few other houses.few other houses.

Besides telling when, where, and how about verbs, as adverbs can do, adverb clauses can also tell why.

In which sentence does the adverb clause tell on what condition will the engine start? (a,b)

a.a. The engine will start if you push the The engine will start if you push the car.car.

b.b. The engine will start when you turn The engine will start when you turn the key.the key.

An adverb clause can also answer the question on what condition? or Under what condition? about the verb.

In which sentence does the adverb clause tell on what condition will the engine start? (aa,b)

a.a. The engine will start if you push the The engine will start if you push the car.car.

b.b. The engine will start when you turn The engine will start when you turn the key.the key.

An adverb clause can also answer the question on what condition? or Under what condition? about the verb.

In which sentence does the adverb clause tell under what condition Vern went to school? (a,b)

a.a. Vern went to school because a test was Vern went to school because a test was scheduled.scheduled.

b.b. Vern went to school although he had a Vern went to school although he had a bad cold. bad cold.

In which sentence does the adverb clause tell under what condition Vern went to school? (a,bb)

a.a. Vern went to school because a test was Vern went to school because a test was scheduled.scheduled.

b.b. Vern went to school although he Vern went to school although he had a bad cold. had a bad cold.

WHEN: While, when, whenever, as, as soon WHEN: While, when, whenever, as, as soon as, before, after, since, untilas, before, after, since, until

Learn to recognize the clause signals that tell us that an adverb clause is beginning. They are grouped according to the kind of information that the clauses supply.

Look for adverb clauses (before, after) these words.

WHEN: While, when, whenever, as, as soon WHEN: While, when, whenever, as, as soon as, before, after, since, untilas, before, after, since, until

Learn to recognize the clause signals that tell us that an adverb clause is beginning. They are grouped according to the kind of information that the clauses supply.

Look for adverb clauses (before, afterafter) these words.

WHERE: where, whereverWHERE: where, wherever

There are only two clause signals which can start adverb clauses that answer the question Where?

The adverb clause in this sentence modifies the word (hid, candy).

We hid the candy where no one could find it.

WHERE: where, whereverWHERE: where, wherever

There are only two clause signals which can start adverb clauses that answer the question Where?

The adverb clause in this sentence modifies the word (hidhid, candy).

We hid the candy where no one could find it.

HOW: as if, as thoughHOW: as if, as though

Only two clause signals can start adverb clauses that answer the question How?

The clause in sentence (a,b) tells how Mrs. Kay frowned.

a. Mrs. Kay frowned as we told her our plan.b. Mrs. Kay frowned as if she were doubtful.

HOW: as if, as thoughHOW: as if, as though

Only two clause signals can start adverb clauses that answer the questions How?

The clause in sentence (a,bb) tells how Mrs. Kay frowned.

a.a. Mrs. Kay frowned as we told her our plan.Mrs. Kay frowned as we told her our plan.

b.b. Mrs. Kay frowned as if she were Mrs. Kay frowned as if she were doubtful.doubtful.

WHY: because, since, as, so thatWHY: because, since, as, so that

Several clause signals can start adverb clauses that answer the question Why?

In which sentence does because start a clause? (a,b)

a.a. I couldn’t concentrate because of the noise.I couldn’t concentrate because of the noise.

b.b. I couldn’t concentrate because the room I couldn’t concentrate because the room was noisy.was noisy.

WHY: because, since, as, so thatWHY: because, since, as, so that

Several clause signals can start adverb clauses that answer the question Why?

In which sentence does because start a clause? (a,b)

a.a. I couldn’t concentrate because of the noise.I couldn’t concentrate because of the noise.

b.b. I couldn’t concentrate because the I couldn’t concentrate because the room was noisy.room was noisy.

WHY: because, since, as, so thatWHY: because, since, as, so that

The clause signal needed in this sentence would consist of (one word, two words).

The man moved over…Doris and I could The man moved over…Doris and I could sit together.sit together.

WHY: because, since, as, so thatWHY: because, since, as, so that

The clause signal needed in this sentence would consist of (one word, two words).

The man moved over…Doris and I could The man moved over…Doris and I could sit together.sit together.

Several clause signals can start adverb clauses that answer the question on (or under) what condition? These are if, unless, through, although, and provided that.

The cake might burn unless you watch it.The cake might burn unless you watch it.

The adverb clause explains under what condition the cake _______ ______.

Several clause signals can start adverb clauses that answer the question on (or under) what condition? These are if, unless, through, although, and provided that.

The cake might burn unless you watch it.The cake might burn unless you watch it.

The adverb clause explains under what condition the cake _might_ _burn_.

The adverb clause, just like the adverb, can generally be moved from one position to another in a sentence.

a.a. Lucille changed her mind when she Lucille changed her mind when she saw the price.saw the price.

b.b. When she saw the price, Lucille When she saw the price, Lucille change her mind. change her mind.

The adverb clause comes first in sentence (a,bb).

The adverb clause, just like the adverb, can generally be moved from one position to another in a sentence.

a.a. Lucille changed her mind when she Lucille changed her mind when she saw the price.saw the price.

b.b. When she saw the price, Lucille When she saw the price, Lucille change her mind. change her mind.

The adverb clause comes first in sentence (a,bb).

a.a. Lucille changed her mind when she Lucille changed her mind when she saw the price. saw the price.

b.b. When she saw the price, Lucille When she saw the price, Lucille changed her mind.changed her mind.

A comma is needed when the adverb clause comes (before, after) them main statement of the sentence.

a.a. Lucille changed her mind when she Lucille changed her mind when she saw the price. saw the price.

b.b. When she saw the price, Lucille When she saw the price, Lucille changed her mind.changed her mind.

A comma is needed when the adverb clause comes (beforebefore, after) them main statement of the sentence.

a.a. Although we were tired, we finished Although we were tired, we finished the job.the job.

b.b. We finished the job although we were We finished the job although we were tired.tired.

The adverb clause comes first in sentence (aa,b).

a.a. Although we were tired, we finished Although we were tired, we finished the job.the job.

b.b. We finished the job although we were We finished the job although we were tired.tired.

The adverb clause comes first in sentence (aa,b).

a.a. Although we were tired, we finished Although we were tired, we finished the job.the job.

b.b. We finished the job although we were We finished the job although we were tired.tired.

A comma is needed when the adverb clause comes (before, after) the main statement.

a.a. Although we were tired, we finished Although we were tired, we finished the job.the job.

b.b. We finished the job although we were We finished the job although we were tired.tired.

A comma is needed when the adverb clause comes (before, after) the main statement.

a.a. Children appreciate nothing if they are Children appreciate nothing if they are given too much.given too much.

b.b. If children are given too much they If children are given too much they appreciate nothing.appreciate nothing.

Which sentence requires a comma—a or b?

a.a. Children appreciate nothing if they are Children appreciate nothing if they are given too much.given too much.

b.b. If children are given too much they If children are given too much they appreciate nothing.appreciate nothing.

Which sentence requires a comma—a or bb?

a.a. Mr. Tate become hard-of-hearing, Mr. Tate become hard-of-hearing, when anyone asks him for money.when anyone asks him for money.

b.b. When anyone asks Mr. Tate for When anyone asks Mr. Tate for money, be becomes hard-of-hearing.money, be becomes hard-of-hearing.

In which sentence should the comma be dropped? (a, b)

a.a. Mr. Tate become hard-of-hearing, Mr. Tate become hard-of-hearing, when anyone asks him for money.when anyone asks him for money.

b.b. When anyone asks Mr. Tate for When anyone asks Mr. Tate for money, be becomes hard-of-hearing.money, be becomes hard-of-hearing.

In which sentence should the comma be dropped? (aa, b)

The maple trees are still green after ash The maple trees are still green after ash trees have shed their leaves.trees have shed their leaves.

If you move the adverb clause to the beginning of the sentence, would you put a comma after leaves? (yes, no)

The maple trees are still green after ash The maple trees are still green after ash trees have shed their leaves.trees have shed their leaves.

If you move the adverb clause to the beginning of the sentence, would you put a comma after leaves? (yesyes, no)

This book begins where the other leaves This book begins where the other leaves off.off.

The adverb clause in this sentence starts with the clause signal _______ and ends with the word _______.

This book begins This book begins where the other leaves where the other leaves offoff..

The adverb clause in this sentence starts with the clause signal _where_ and ends with the word __off__.

Fred looks tall until he stands beside his Fred looks tall until he stands beside his father.father.

The adverb clause in this sentence starts with the clause signal _______ and ends with the word _______.

Fred looks tall Fred looks tall until he stands beside his until he stands beside his father.father.

The adverb clause in this sentence starts with the clause signal __until__ and ends with the word _father_.

Poor sports do not enjoy games unless Poor sports do not enjoy games unless they can win.they can win.

The adverb clause in this sentence starts with the clause signal _______ and ends with the word _______.

Poor sports do not enjoy games Poor sports do not enjoy games unless unless they can win.they can win.

The adverb clause in this sentence starts with the clause signal _unless_ and ends with the word __win__.

Donna seldom eats sweets although she Donna seldom eats sweets although she enjoys them very much.enjoys them very much.

The adverb clause in this sentence starts with the clause signal ______ and ends with the word ______.

Donna seldom eats sweets Donna seldom eats sweets although she although she enjoys them very much.enjoys them very much.

The adverb clause in this sentence starts with the clause signal although and ends with the word _much_.

The dog chewed up the letter before we The dog chewed up the letter before we had read it.had read it.

The adverb clause in this sentence starts with the clause signal ______ and ends with the word ______.

The dog chewed up the letter The dog chewed up the letter before we before we had read it.had read it.

The adverb clause in this sentence starts with the clause signal before and ends with the word __it__.

Write the following answers on Write the following answers on your own sheet of paper.your own sheet of paper.

a.a. My friend often telephones at My friend often telephones at dinnertime.dinnertime.

b.b. My friend often telephones while we My friend often telephones while we are eating dinner. are eating dinner.

Which is a complex sentence?

1. A or B

A sentence that contains a clause is called a complex sentence. It is more complex (or complicated) than a simple sentence.

My friend often telephones while we My friend often telephones while we are eating dinner.are eating dinner.

2. We know that this is a complex sentence because it contains a _______.

I always drive as though everyone I always drive as though everyone else were crazy.else were crazy.

3. Because this sentence contains a clause, it is called a ________ sentence.

4. Unlike a sentence, a clause (does, does not) make sense by itself.

5. An adverb clause is so called because it does the work of an ______.

6. Any clause that modifies a verb is an _____ clause.

You are done!!!You are done!!!