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ATM TOPIC1. INTRODUCTION TO AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT,TYPE OF CONTROL AREAS

& FLIGHT PLAN2. AERODROME CONTROL3. AREA CONTROL 4. APPROACH CONTROL --------------------------------------mid-term test------------------------------5. FLIGHT RULES –IFR6. VISUAL FLIGHT RULE-VFR7. RADIO TELEPHONY COMMUNICATION8. THE LET DOWN PROCEDURE-------------------------------------Final exam-----------------------------------

Course Outcomes ATMBy the end of this subject, student should be able to:

• Know the basic responsibilities of Air Traffic control .the Air traffic services provided and the flight plan.

• Know the function and responsibility of aerodrome control• Know the function and responsibility of area control• Know the function and responsibility of approach control• Know the objective and function of instrument flight rules• Know the objective and function of visual flight rules• Know Importance of radio telephony communication• Understanding and able to describe the letdown procedure

Sub-topic for this Chapter1. Air Traffic Control Unit2. Aerodrome Control3. Area of Aerodrome controller responsibility4. AERODROME CONTROL-RUNWAY IN USE5. RULES AND PROCEDUR FOR NOTIFIED AERODROME TRAFFIC ZONE6. Aircraft Priority7. EFFECTING COORDINATION WITH VARIOUS UNIT AND AUTHORITIES8. Control of circuit circle9. Essential local traffic10. Clearance-instruction

Chapter 2: Air Traffic Control Unit

~~Air Traffic Control Units are specialized in providing one of the Air Traffic Control Services

but also responsible for Flight Information Service and Alerting Service to pilots.~~


Air traffic service

Air Traffic

Control Unit

Aerodrome controller

Area Controller

Flight informa

tion service

Alerting System Approach control


The Air Traffic Control Unit that is typically responsible for:

1. Aerodrome Control Service is called the Aerodrome Control Tower (TWR)

2. Approach Control Service is called the Approach Control Unit (APP)

3. Area Control Service is called the Area Control Center (ACC) or Upper Area Control Center (UAC)


Chapter 2:Aerodrome Control

Air Traffic Management

CHAPTER 2:AERODROME CONTROL

What is the aerodrome control?~~ Aerodrome is a defined area on land or water including any building, equipment and

installations, intended to be used either wholly or in part for the arrival, departure and surface movement of aircraft.~~

~~This is an ICAO standard definition from ICAO doc 4444 air traffic management (ATM)~~


Or other word…

1. Services provided all flight in the vicinity of an operating control tower~~

2. Aerodrome or Tower controllers control aircraft within the immediate vicinity of the airport and use visual observation from the airport tower.

3. The tower's airspace is often a 5-nautical-mile (9.3 km) radius around the airport, but can vary greatly in size and shape depending on traffic configuration and volume.

4. Visually sighted by the Aerodrome controllers

5. Cover from 3000 ft until 9000 ft

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Chapter 2:Area of Aerodrome controller responsibility

Area of aerodrome controller responsibility

Ground control Air Control Clearance delivery





Ground control :

1.Responsible for the airport "movement" areas. These include all taxiways, holding areas, and some maneuvering areas or intersections where aircraft arrive after having left the runway or the departure gates.

2.Responsibilities and working areas allotted to each air traffic controller are clearly defined in local documents and agreements specific to each airport.

3. Aircraft and vehicles changing their position within these movement areas, are required to have clearance from the ground controller. This is normally done via radio contact, but there may be special circumstances where other methods are used, such as communication through visual signals.





Air control :

1. In charge of the movements on the runways as well as for the air traffic in the vicinity of the airport. He clears aircraft for take-off or landing, thereby ensuring that the assigned runway is clear for the foreseen maneuver.

2.Responsible to covers the airport and in which he ensures the safety of the approaching or departing aircraft by giving adequate instructions. If the air controller detects potentially unsafe conditions, he can tell the pilot of an aircraft in landing phase to go around or even order an aircraft to abort departure.

3. Highly disciplined communication and collaboration process between air and ground controllers is an absolute necessity. But the co-ordination with other air traffic controllers does not stop there: it is also advisable to co-ordinate with the radar controllers the distances separating approaching aircraft in view of creating the necessary distance for aircraft taking off or for crossing the runway.





Departure clearance (or clearance delivery) :

1.Responsibility of the clearance delivery position is to ensure that the aircraft receives the proper route and slot for take-off. This information is transmitted to the ground controller in order to ensure the aircraft reaches the runway within the time limits .



CHAPTER 2:AERODROME CONTROL-RUNWAY IN USE

1. CRITICAL FOCUS FOR AERODROME CONTROLLER IS THE USE OF THE RUNWAY

-E.G: Although one sees only one runway , the reality to the pilots and ATC controller are 2.

Aerodrome Control – Which Runway To Use

Are the runways and taxiways clear for landing & takeoff

What is the direction of wind

In can continue to change

CHAPTER 2:AERODROME CONTROL-RUNWAY IN USE

2.To active Runway to be use at that particular time falls on the Aerodrome controller who determines by:

THE WIND DIRECTION/VELOCITY AS A/C WILL LAND AND TAKE-OFF INTO THE WIND.

A/C TYPE EFFECTIVE LENGTH OF THE RUNWAY CONDITION&DISPOSAL OF AIR TRAFFIC IN THE VICINITY OF THE

AERODROME WEATHER PHENOMENA AVAILABLE OF APPROACH AIDS AND LIGHTNING TAXING DISTANCE


CHAPTER 2:RULES AND PROCEDUR FOR NOTIFIED AERODROME TRAFFIC ZONE

1.As per prescribe in the (CAR)Civil Aviation Regulations 1996 and (AIP) Aeronautical Information Publication~~

2.The ATS service provided are in accordance with the provisions subscribe in the (SARPS) and ICAO Annexes and document as follow:

1. Annex 2-Rules of the Air2. Annex 11-Air traffic Services3. Annex 12-Search and Rescue(SAR)4. Annex 15-Aeronautical information Services(AIS)5. DOC 4444-procedures for Air Navigation Services-rules of the air services.6. Doc 8168-procedures for air navigation services-Aircraft operation


CHAPTER 2: Aircraft Priority

~~What the condition of Aircraft to give them the priority during take-off and landing???~~

~~Who has the priority?~~

CHAPTER 2: Aircraft Priority

• All a/c landing or the final stage of approach to land over an aircraft intending to depart

• Departing a/c shall be cleared in order which they are ready for take off.

• Bad weather

• A/c emergency-Support services for those aircraft on emergency landing – fire and rescue service vehicles, ambulance and hospitals, police etc

CHAPTER 2: Aircraft PriorityTwo states of emergencya) Distress: A condition of being threatened by serious and/or imminent danger and of

requiring immediate assistance. Examples : ditching, crash landing imminent, total engine failure...

b) Urgency: A condition concerning the safety of an aircraft or some persons on board

but which does not required immediate assistance. Examples : lost, fuel shortage, partial engine failure, navigation system

failure...

United Airlines DC-8Flight 173 December 28, 1978

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The plane ran out of fuel and crashed, killing 10.


CHAPTER 2:EFFECTING COORDINATION WITH VARIOUS UNIT AND AUTHORITIES

with approach & area control Centre

• All arrival & departure times of all flight• All information relating to overdue or unreported a/c• All information a/c missed approached• Essential local traffic• Airport closure, airport restrictions such as available of runway length

With airport authorities

• ATC controller to inform the airport owner when pilot report there is deterioration in the state or aerodrome or associated facilities belonging to the owner

• Airport owner will brief personnel involve in the maintenance or installation work in the maneuvering areas.

Sub-topic for this Chapter1. Air Traffic Control Unit2. Aerodrome Control3. Area of Aerodrome controller responsibility4. AERODROME CONTROL-RUNWAY IN USE5. RULES AND PROCEDUR FOR NOTIFIED AERODROME TRAFFIC ZONE6. Aircraft Priority7. EFFECTING COORDINATION WITH VARIOUS UNIT AND AUTHORITIES8. Control of circuit air traffic9. Essential local traffic10. Clearance-instruction

CHAPTER 2:Control of Circuit Air Traffic

• Aerodrome controller shall provide specific ATC instruction at various position to the aircraft under his control.

CHAPTER 2:Control of Circuit Air Traffic

CHAPTER 2:Control of Circuit Air Traffic~~Airport traffic patterns are set procedures for use in airports

allowing for a smooth flow of traffic in and out of an airport. The traffic pattern consists of six parts~~

• The Upwind Leg is the flight path parallel to the landing runway, in the direction of intended landing.

• The Crosswind Leg is the flight path at right angles to the landing runway, off its takeoff end.

• The Downwind Leg is the flight path parallel to the landing runway opposite the direction of intended landing.

CHAPTER 2:Control of Circuit Air Traffic• The Base Leg is the flight path at right angles to the

landing runway off its approach end.

• The Final Approach is the flight path in the direction of landing along the extended runway centerline.

• The Departure Leg is the flight path which begins at takeoff and continues ahead until 1/2 mile beyond the runway, and 700 above ground level.


~~Why we should have a circuit traffic~~?

CHAPTER 2:ESSENTIAL LOCAL TRAFFIC

~~ESSENTIAL LOCAL TRAFFIC INCLUDES ANY OF THE FOLLOWING MAY CONSTITUTE A HAZARD TO A/C:~~

A/C IN THE VICINITY OF THE AERODROME A/C,VEHICLES OR PERSONNEL MANEUVERING

AREAS A/C MOVING ON THE APRON


Clearance-instruction~~A clearance is an authorization that allows a pilot to do

something... ~~

Example: "Cleared FL110" means that FL110 is available and that

the pilot MAY start his descent NOW or WAIT to start his descent until he reaches his Top of Descent point.”

Clearance-instruction~~Depending on the phase of flight it relates to, a

clearance can be called either a:~~• taxi clearance• take-off clearance• departure clearance• en-route clearance• approach clearance• landing clearance

Clearance-instruction~~Who issues clearances and instructions?~~

• Given by the Air Traffic Controller who controls the airspace in which the aircraft is flying or about to fly in. They are given to prevent collision between aircraft within controlled airspace.

• Clearances and instructions shall be given according to the traffic situation BUT aircraft in a declared emergency (engine problems, fuel shortage, seriously ill passenger,...) have priority over other flights!

• Pilots always need a clearance BEFORE starting a flight in or through controlled airspace.

Clearance-instruction~~How to obtain a clearance?~~

A clearance shall be requested by FIRST filing a Flight Plan (FPL) BEFORE contacting ATC.

A pilot MAY:request another clearance if the previous one is not suitable refuse a clearance, if it is dangerous for the safety of his flight

Clearance-instructionATC MUST: advise the pilot if traffic conditions do not permit to

follow his request for another route or level

AND offer an alternative clearance or instruction if a pilot is

not able to comply with the route or level he received

Clearance-instructionATC MAY NEVER:

1.Refuse a clearance for any other reason than to prevent collisions

2.Give a clearance which violates any rules or regulations

Clearance-instructionReadback

~~A READBACK means that the PILOT REPEATS the clearance or instruction that he received from ATC~~

~~It is important to note that the clearance does not become a clearance until the pilot has READ BACK THAT CLEARANCE TO THE CONTROLLER~~

Clearance-instructionWhat's the use? 1. ATC SHOULD ALWAYS LISTEN to the readback from

the pilot to make sure that his clearance or instruction has been correctly understood.

2. If a readback is NOT CORRECT, ATC MUST immediately repeat the clearance or instruction and check the pilot's readback again. Should the controller fail to do so, then he will get the blame when things go wrong (not the pilot!!).

Q-bank!!• Please explain the Air traffic control unit and give the example.• What are the document and annexes which the ATS service provided are in

accordance with the provisions subscribe in the (SARPS) and ICAO Annexes?• What type of Air traffic service are provided by Aerodrome Control?• Please explain the • Name Five criteria that Aerodrome Controller must consider in nominating

he/she duty runway in use?• What the factor to be considered by ATC in giving priority to Air traffic in

Aerodrome control?• What is the essential of local traffic?• Please explain what are you understand about clearance-instruction?

Documents

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