Recent SMOKEEnhancements and More

B.H. Baek, Catherine Seppanen, Zachariah Adelman

UNC at Chapel Hill

Alison Eyth, Madeleine Strum, Jeffrey Vukovich

U.S. EPA

The Emissions Inventory Conference at Baltimore, MD (August 14-18, 2017) 1

Outlines

• Recent SMOKE v4.0 and 4.5 Release Updates

• Upcoming SMOKE and related Emissions Modeling updates

• Q&A

The Emissions Inventory Conference at Baltimore, MD (August 14-18, 2017) 2

SMOKE v4.0 and v4.5 Updates• SMOKE v4.0 released on September 2016

o Support Global Gridded Inventories (i.e., EDGAR, HTAP,,,) Processing

o Parallelization of SMOKE Programs using OpenMP

• SMOKE v4.5 released on April 2017o SMOKE4AERMOD Development

• New Link-level Inventory dataset Processingo Annual Link Inventory format: FF10_LINK

o Hourly Link Inventory format: FF10_LINK_HOURLY

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The Emissions Inventory Conference at Baltimore, MD (August 14-18, 2017) 4

Global Gridded HTAP EmissionsSectors: aircraft, shipping, industry, energy, transportation, residential, and agriculturePollutants: CO, NMVOC, NOx, SO2, NH3, PM10, PM2.5,BC and OC

EPA OAQPS, Emission Inventory and Analysis Group

EPA’s Hemispheric Modeling Challenges• Consistent Emissions Processing across various sectors from various

sources/countries.o Temporal Allocation

o Horizontal and Vertical Spatial Allocation

• Accurate country-specific Time Zone handlingo Local time to GMT as well as holidays

• Accurate horizontal spatial allocations without any spatial surrogates

• Zeroing out option to mix US and Global gridded emissions to avoid any possible double counting

• Optional vertical allocations for aircraft emissions (Taxi-in/out, LTO, Cruise) using Layalloc program

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EPA Northern Hemispheric Modeling• GRIDMASK file that includes both the country and time zone by grid cell

: used Arcmap zonal statistics to calculate the majority coverage in the cell

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• GRIDMASK file maps grid cells to time zones : Finer time zones/country assignment? Required to update the GRIDMASK

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EPA Northern Hemispheric Modeling

SMOKE v4.0 for Hemispheric Modeling• Grid Cell = Inventory Source (6.48 millions sources : 1600*3600)

• Smkinven Updates to read and process the native NetCDF-formatted pregridded emissions inventory files (i.e., HTAP, EDGAR,,,,)

o IMPORT_GRDNETCDF_YN : Process the native NetCDF pregridded Inventory fileso NETCDF_INV_YEAR : Required to provide the year of emissionso NETCDF_POL_UNIT : Required to specify the modeling the unit of each pollutant

ARINV: Area Inventory List File===============================================================#LIST GRID#SCC, Pollutant, Variable_Name, Month, File_location_nameSOLVENT,VOC,emis_nmvoc,0,/nas/EDGAR/solvent/nmvoc/v42_2010.nc SOLVENT,CH4,emis_ch4,0,/nas/EDGAR/solvent/ch4/v42_2010.nc ENERGY,NOX ,emis_nox,0,/nas/EDGAR/energy/nox/v42_2010.nc ENERGY,PM25,emis_pm25,0,/nas/EDGAR/energy/pm2.5/v42_2010.nc ENERGY,NOX,emis_nmvoc,0,/nas/EDGAR/energy/nmvoc/v42_2010.nc …,…,…,...,…=============================================================== 8

SMOKE v4.0 for Hemispheric Modeling• Grdmat Updates to regrid the pregridded emissions into the

output modeling domain without any spatial surrogate.o Built a new function to disaggregate the grid cell into multiple

point and the regrid them into the new modeling domain.

• Spcmat used to assign a single chemical speciation profile by grid cell

• Cntlmat used to zero-out US emissions by Country-level

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Example of Gridded HTAP Emissions

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Parallelization of SMOKE

• Open MP Parallelization in SMOKE

o Smkreport and Smkmerge

o Upto 2-2.5x Speed up

o Requires a complete restructuring

SMOKE v4.5 Updates• SMOKE4AERMOD System Development

o Generating a set of AERMOD ready input files based on the NEI inventories used in for air quality modeling.

o Designed for NATA 2014 Studies to be consistent with air quality model ready emissions input.

o Point Sources:• Point-EGU• Point-NonEGU• Airports with Runway (w/o Runway)

o Nonpoint Sources:• CMV, RWC,,,

o Nonroad Sourceso Onroad Mobiles Sources:

• RPD, RPV, RPP, RPH

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U.S. EPA OTAQ Aircraft Emissions

• Supports from OTAQ and OAQPS offices

• New NEI platform sector for aircraft with a fully trajectory emissions

• Landing-Take-off (LTO) and Cruising Altitude Treatment

• Altitude Cut-Off Method to control the maximum height of aircraft emissions (NEI aircraft inventory is based on up to 3,000ft)

• Converting MSL to AGL Altitudes Handling

• Annual Link Inventory format: FF10_LINK

• Hourly/seconds Link Inventory format: FF10_LINK_HOURLY (Optional)o Requires a new program called Lnkmerge to process Temporally and Spatially highly

resolved link-level aircraft emissions inventory

• Based on several link-level inventory processing tools development from FAA and LADCO.

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FF10_LINK: OTAQ Link-level Inventory FormatColumn Variable Type Description

1 COUNTRY Chars (3) Country code; default to "US" (required)

2 FIPS Chars (6) Geographical code to represent geographical location of aircraft [ex: 0NC001 for Alamance County in NC, CURISE for aircraft crusing mode,,,,]

3 TRIBAL Chars (3) Tribal code (optional)4 LINK_ID Chars (15) Link Identification Code (required)5 SCC Chars (20) Source Category Code (SCC) (required)6 DEPART_ID Chars (15) Link-specific Departure ICAO Airport Code (required)7 ARRIVAL_ID Chars (15) Link-specific Arrival ICAO Airport Code (required)8 EXH_HGT Real Link-specific Exhaust Height from the ground (ft) (optional)9 EXH_DIAM Real Link-specific Exhaust Diameter (ft) (optional)10 EXH_TEMP Real Link-specific Exhaust Gas Exit Temperature (oF) (optional)

11 EXH_FLOW Real Link-specific Exhaust Flow Rate (ft3/sec) (optional; automatically calculated by Smkinven from velocity and diameter if not given in file)

12 EXH_VEL Real Link-specific Exhaust Gas Exit Velocity (ft/sec) (optional)13 STR_LON Real Starting Link ID Longitude (degrees) (optional)

14 STR_LAT Real Starting Link ID Latitude (degrees) (optional)

15 END_LON Real Ending Link ID Longitude (degrees) (optional)

16 END_LAT Real Ending Link ID Latitude (degrees) (optional)

17 POL_NAME Chars (16) Pollutant Code (CAS) (required)

18 EMIS_VALUE Chars (16) Total emissions per link ID in unit of short tons per year (required)19 Comments Chars (256) Comments 14

FF10_HOURLY_LINK: OTAQ Aircraft Link-level FormatColumn Variable \\ Type Description

1 COUNTRY Chars (3) Country code; default to "US" (required)

2 FIPS Chars (6) Geographical code to represent geographical location of aircraft [ex: 037001 for Alamance County in NC,,,,,] (required)

3 TRIBAL Chars (3) Tribal code (optional)4 LINK_ID Chars (15) Link Identification Code (required)5 SCC Chars (20) Source Category Code (SCC) (required)6 SEGMENT_ID Chars (15) Link-specific Segment ID [Taxi_out,,,,,Taxi_in] (required)7 SEG_YEAR Integer Year of Segment ID (required)8 SEG_MON Integer Month of year (required)9 SEG_DAY Integer Day of month (required)10 SEG_HOUR Integer Hour (required)11 SEG_MIN Integer Minutes (required)12 SEG_TZONE Chars (3) Link-specific time zone [ex: GMT,,,,,] (required)13 SEG_DURATION Integer Segment Duration Time (seconds) (required)14 SEG_DISTANCE Integer Segment Distance (feet) (optional)15 STR_LON Real Starting Segment ID Longitude (degrees) (required)16 STR_LAT Real Starting Segment ID Latitude (degrees) (required)17 STR_ALT Real Starting Segment ID Altitude above MSL (feet) (optional)18 END_LON Real Ending Segment ID Longitude (degrees) (required)19 END_LAT Real Ending Segment ID Latitude (degrees) (required)20 END_ALT Real Ending Segment ID Altitude above MSL (feet) (optional)21 POL_NAME Chars (16) Pollutant Code (CAS) (required)22 EMIS_VALUE Chars (16) Total emission in unit of short tons per segment ID (required)23 Comments Chars (256) Comments 15

CMV Link-Level Emissions Processing

• LADCO’s Commercial Marine Vessels (CMV) Link-Level Emissionso Real-time CMV Transponder Data measured by Automatic Identification

System (AIS)• Vessel identity, type, position, course, speed, navigational status, and

othero LADCO developed an AIS-based 2014 CMV Inventory

• Processes: Cruising, Maneuvering and Hoteling• Link-level (starting and ending coordinates)• Temporal Resolution: Few seconds to Months

• LinkProc is a stand-alone Emissions Modeling Processoro Generates gridded/speciated/hourly emissions for AQ modelso No multiple steps like SMOKE programs

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LADCO CMV Link-level Emissions

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FAA AEDT Gridder Developmento FAA Aviation Environmental Design Tool (AEDT) version 2.0

• Full trajectory link-level aircraft emissions in realtimeo AEDTProc was developed on 2010 and currently used to generate the 3-D aircraft

emissions for air quality modelso New AEDT-Gridder Development:

• Direct connection to MS SQL DBs Server to retrieve the aircraft emissions from SQL DBs using FLIB library that allows Fortran to talk to the DBs

• Expanding to support global climate models (CamChem, Geos-Chem,,,) and the next generation air quality platform MPAS (Model for Prediction Across Scale)

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The Emissions Inventory Conference at Baltimore, MD (August 14-18, 2017) 19

The Emissions Inventory Conference at Baltimore, MD (August 14-18, 2017) 20

Ongoing SMOKE Updates

• New Spatial Allocator Based on PostgreSQL/PostGISo Easier, Faster and Simpler

• Improving Fire-related plume algorithms for a better vertical and horizontal allocations

o New fires grouping for a better horizontal allocationo New Fire plume algorithms for a better vertical allocation

• The Integration of the SMOKE setup structures between NEI Modeling Platform and CMAS SMOKE release versions

o Restructuring the current CMAS version of SMOKE systemo NEI platform updates are needed.

The Emissions Inventory Conference at Baltimore, MD (August 14-18, 2017) 21

Acknowledgement

• U.S. EPAo Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards

(OAQPS)

o Office of Transportation and Air Quality (OTAQ)

• LADCO (Lake Michigan Air Director Consortium)

• FAA (Federal Aviation Administration)

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