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Recent research on Timber Engineering at Tongji University
Aug. 20, 2013
Minjuan HETongji University, Shanghai, China
1
Outline
1 History of timber structures in china
2 Important issues on the development of timber structures in China
3 Recent research on timber engineering at Tongji University
4 Prospect
Aug. 20, 2013 2
1 History of timber structures in china
Timber sturctures has a very long history in China. About 3500
years ago, Chinese started to build post and beam timber
constructions connected by mortise and tenon.
Dougong Tenon
Aug. 20, 2013 3
Foguang Temple
Built in 857 A.D. It is 34m in length and 17.77m in width.
Now a lot of timber palace, temples and pagodas are still in
existence.
1 History of timber structures in china
Aug. 20, 2013 4
Yingxian Wooden Pagoda
(built in 1056 A.D. )
It is 67 m in height.
The pagoda is a 9-story
octagonal building and was
constructed without using
any metal connectors. It is
also one of the tallest
ancient wooden buildings
in the world.
1 History of timber structures in china
Aug. 20, 2013 5
Hundreds of year ago, a lot of large scale timber constructions were
built.
1 History of timber structures in china
Aug. 20, 2013 6
From 50s to 70s last century, brick or concrete - timber hybrid
structures were built in lot of areas.
1 History of timber structures in china
Aug. 20, 2013 7
2 Issues on the development of timber structures in China
In the 1980s, concerning the large population and shortage of
wood resource, our government restricted people to use timber as
construction material.
Aug. 20, 2013 8
2 Issues on the development of timber structures in China
Recent ten years, with the increasing of imported wood resource
and local fast planted forest, our government encourage to use
timber as a kind of building material.
Aug. 20, 2013 9
Wood frame constructions in resident houses
Vancouver Garden in Beijing Villa in Shanghai
2 Issues on the development of timber structures in China
Aug. 20, 2013 10
Wood frame constructions in public buildings
Conference center in Caofeidian, Hebei Province
Xiang'e school in Dujiangyan
2 Issues on the development of timber structures in China
Tourism Buildings in Sichuan
Aug. 20, 2013 11
Glulam Structures in public buildings
A Toll gate in Yunnan province
Entrance of Chengdu Happy Valley
Shanghai Roller coaster
2 Issues on the development of timber structures in China
Aug. 20, 2013 12
2 Issues on the development of timber structures in China
Bridge in a golf club Shanghai A club in residential area Beijing
Glulam Structures in public buildings
Aug. 20, 2013 13
2 Issues on the development of timber structures in China
Building-selling center in Wanke Jilin
2610 m2
Glulam Structures in public buildings
Tourism center in Qindao
1800 m2
Aug. 20, 2013 14
2 Issues on the development of timber structures in China
Norway Pavilion,
consists of fifteen
assembled “trees”.
Each “tree” structure is
constructed of
laminated timber. After
the Expo each tree can
be easily moved and
become part of a new
landscape elsewhere.
2010 Shanghai Expo Building- Norway Pavilion
Glulam Structures in public buildings
Aug. 20, 2013 15
2 Issues on the development of timber structures in China
The cube as the entrance is
post and beam construction
made of Glulam.2010 Shanghai Expo Building- Swedish Pavilion
Glulam Structures in public buildings
Aug. 20, 2013 16
Glulam Structures in reconstruction of temples
Xiangji Temple in Hangzhou
2 Issues on the development of timber structures in China
Aug. 20, 2013 17
Glulam Structures in reconstruction of temples
Laojunge in Sichuan
2 Issues on the development of timber structures in China
Aug. 20, 2013 18
Hybrid Structures
2010 Shanghai Expo Building - Vancouver Pavilion
2 Issues on the development of timber structures in China
It is a three-story wooden-concrete hybrid building. The first floor is
reinforced concrete frame-shear wall structure and the second to third
floor is timber structure.
Aug. 20, 2013 19
2 Issues on the development of timber structures in China
Wood frame resident houses:
(1) How to solve the problem of limited land resource?
(2) Glulam structures are more favored. Wood frame works as
wall panel.
Glulam constructions:
How to increase lateral resistant strength and rigidity for post-
beam construction?
Timber constructions:
How to increase the ratio of land utilization?
Aug. 20, 2013 20
3 Research on Timber Engineering at Tongji University
(1) Tests and analysis for wood trusses
加载等级－跨中挠度
0123456789
101112131415161718
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
跨中挠度(mm)
加载等级
WT1
WT2
WT3
WT4
Load bearing capacity test
Failure mode
Load-displacement curve
Wood frame constructions
Aug. 20, 2013 21
3 Research on Timber Engineering at Tongji University
Wood frame constructions
(2) Connections
Tooth plate connections
Joist hangerAug. 20, 2013 22
3 Research on Timber Engineering at Tongji University
Shear wall tests
Shear wall modeling
Joint j
Shear (U2)
Shear (U3)
Joint i or the base
Wood frame constructions
(3) Shear walls
Compare between different wood-based panels
The lateral resistant ability of gypsum in share wall
Numerical modeling of shear wallAug. 20, 2013 23
3 Research on Timber Engineering at Tongji University
Light wood frame building
Wood frame constructions
(4) Seismic performance - shaking table tests
Aug. 20, 2013 24
3 Research on Timber Engineering at Tongji University
Nonlinear FE model for time-history analysis
Simplified model
Wood frame constructions
(5) 3D Numerical modeling
Aug. 20, 2013 25
3 Research on Timber Engineering at Tongji University
Wood frame constructions
(6) Numerical modeling based on field measurement
Aug. 20, 2013 26
3 Research on Timber Engineering at Tongji University
150x270 glued lumber
200x200 glued lumber
Glulam constructions
(1) Performance of post-beam joists
Aug. 20, 2013 27
3 Research on Timber Engineering at Tongji University
The wood frame shear walls are used to increase the lateral resistance for this
kind of composite structural system.
Glulam constructions
(2) Lateral performance combining of wood frame and post-beam
Aug. 20, 2013 28
3 Research on Timber Engineering at Tongji University
Up-lift of stud
Failure ModeNumerical Model
Glulam constructions
(3) Numerical Modeling based on test result
Aug. 20, 2013 29
3 Research on Timber Engineering at Tongji University
Glulam constructions
(4) Full size connection tests of real project
Aug. 20, 2013 30
3 Research on Timber Engineering at Tongji University
Hybrid constructions
(1) Comparison between timber floor and steel-concrete composite floor
For timber floor:
Decrease total structure weight: 23%
Decrease seismic action: 32%
Decrease vertical load on foundation: 48%
Aug. 20, 2013 31
3 Research on Timber Engineering at Tongji University
Hybrid constructions
(2) Timber and concrete structure test
Aug. 20, 2013 32
3 Research on Timber Engineering at Tongji University
the hysteretic curve of point 5
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60
displacement（mm）
load（kN）
#5测点骨架曲线
-41.98, -53.04
-17.64, -43.48-7.33, -23.48
24.6, 6042.61, 61.74
Fy:Fu:
Fy:
Fu:-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60
位移（mm）
荷载（kN）
#5测点实测骨架曲线 #5测点拟合骨架曲线
The hysteretic curve of point 5
Load(k
N)
Test curve fitting curve
Numerical Model
Hybrid constructions
(3) Timber and concrete structure modeling
Aug. 20, 2013 33
3 Research on Timber Engineering at Tongji University
3-storey hybrid building
Hybrid constructions
(4) Shaking table tests of timber – concrete
hybrid structure
Aug. 20, 2013 34
3 Research on Timber Engineering at Tongji University
Hybrid constructions
(5) Steel - timber hybrid structure -1
Timber-steel
hybrid structure
Timber diaphragm
Steel moment resisting frame
Light wood-framed shear wall
Horizontal system
Vertical system
Aug. 20, 2013 35
3 Research on Timber Engineering at Tongji University
Hybrid constructions
(5) Steel - timber hybrid structure -2
Aug. 20, 2013 36
3 Research on Timber Engineering at Tongji University
Hybrid constructions
(5) Steel - timber hybrid structure -3
Aug. 20, 2013 37
3 Research on Timber Engineering at Tongji University
Reversed cyclic loading test
Failure modes
Hybrid constructions
(5) Steel - timber hybrid structure -4
Aug. 20, 2013 38
3 Research on Timber Engineering at Tongji University
Hybrid constructions
(5) Steel - timber hybrid structure -5
Timber-steel connection test Wood nail connection test
Aug. 20, 2013 39
3 Research on Timber Engineering at Tongji University
In-plane test for timber-steel hybrid diaphragm
Hybrid constructions
(5) Steel - timber hybrid structure -6
Aug. 20, 2013 40
3 Research on Timber Engineering at Tongji University
Numerical modeling
Hybrid constructions
(5) Steel - timber hybrid structure -7
Aug. 20, 2013 41
4 Prospect
Issues on natural resource saving, energy-efficient technique
and low carbon emissions etc. can not be ignored in the
development of construction industry. There will be more
opportunities for timber constructions in China.
Because of large population and lack of land resource in China,
multi-storey timber and timber hybrid buildings may be a
reasonable alternative.
Aug. 20, 2013 42
