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Recent RRecent Research ofesearch ofNano Food PackagingNano Food PackagingNano Food PackagingNano Food Packaging

Dr. Nugraha Edhi Suyatma

Departemen Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan & SEAFAST Center

INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR

OverviewOverview

Introduction

Existing Applications

Recent Research

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Nanotechnology in packaging

S f i k P t ti l B fitSafety Risks Potential Benefits

Migration Test of Embedded Nanoparticles

Three nanotech FCMs tested by FERA (UK)1 and EFSA (EU)2: Bottles containing nanoclay composite embedded between PET Bottles containing nanoclay composite embedded between PET 

layers. No detectable migration of nanoclay from PET.  Food containers made of polypropylene‐nanosilver composite. 

Very low level of silver migration (less than the limit of quantification). 

Lack of migration of titanium nitride also reported in PET g pcontainers.

In either case, the presence of nanoparticles did not affect migration of non Nano components.

1Chaudry et al. (2008) Application and implication of nanotechnology for the food sector. Food Additive and Contaminants, 25, 241‐258.2The EFSA Journal (2009). 958,1 39. Scientific Opinion: The potential risks from Nanoscience and Nanotechnology on Food and Feed Safety.

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OverviewOverviewIntroduction

Existing Applications

Recent Research and Opportunities

Food packaging is the largest area applications of nanotechnology within the food sector.nanotechnology within the food sector.

The market for food packaging containing nanomaterials has been predicted to reach $20bn by 2020*

Currently clay particles at the nanoscale are the most common application (abo t 70% market ol me)common application (about 70% market volume). less expensive to produce than other materials. already available on the market.

*ILSI expert Workshop on nanotechnology, 2012. 

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Existing Nanopackaging Applications

Imperm® high

Silver nanoparticle: Antibacterial and 

if i

PET bottles containing Iron/Iron oxide nanoparticles

PVC, PE transparent plastics containing TiO or

Imperm® ‐ high barrier nylon.

Nanomer® Nanoclays. Powder, ready to mix.

Nanocomposites. Pellet form, ready for

antifungi. UV barrier Improve TS Antistatic.

oxide nanoparticlesto improve O2

absorption.Mix of embedded O2

scavenger and nanoclay particles.

containing TiO2 or ZnO to prevent UV degradation. 

Pellet form, ready for molding

Existing Nanopackaging ApplicationsCompany Material Application Development status

NanoBioMatters S.I. Nanocomposites/EVOH/PET/LDPE/PLA/PHB/PCL Film Commercial

NanoBioMatters S.I. Active nanocomposites Biocides, antioxidant films Commercial

Nanocor/Amcol Int. Nanocomposites Resin, Film, Bottles Commercial

EMS Chemie Nanocomposites/PA Film Commercial

Ube Nanocomposites/PA Film Commercial

Allied Signal Nanocomposites/PA Development

Bayer Nanocomposites/PA Development

Honeywell Nanocomposites/PA Development

ICI/Du Pont Nanocomposites/PET Film Development

Eastman Nanocomposites/PET Bottles Development

TetraPak Nanocomposites/PET Bottles Laboratory

ICI Nanocomposites/melamine Bottles Development

PPG Industries Nanocomposites/epoxy Bottles Development

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OverviewOverviewIntroduction

Existing Applications

Recent Research and Opportunities

RESEARCH AREA OF NANO FOOD PACKAGINGRESEARCH AREA OF NANO FOOD PACKAGING

Development Biobased nanocomposite film/coating: h i l d b i ti i t timechanical and barrier properties improvement, active 

function, exploring nanomaterial and method to incorporate.

Development “more active” packaging.

Development “more intelligent” packaging.

Safety aspects: migration test of nano FCMs. 

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Research area of active packagingResearch area of active packaging

Antimicrobial activity: by embedding/incorporating nanoparticles (silver, ZnO, TiO2) in plastic polymer (PET, PAnanoparticles (silver, ZnO, TiO2) in plastic polymer (PET, PA (Nylon), LDPE, PLA, biopolymer).

Oxygen scavenger: by embedding Fe/Fe2O3 nanoparticles or nanoclay containing enzyme glucose oxidase, immobilized yeast.

Ethylene scavenger: by incorporating nanoclay containing KMnO4 Ethylene scavenger: by incorporating nanoclay containing KMnO4into PE, PP, PS, or PVC films.

Odor removal: by using nanocomposite films containing ZnO, MgO NPs.

Recent research of active packagingRecent research of active packaging

There were improvements in mechanical, water vapor barrier and thermal stability by incorporating ZnO NPs. 

Films incorporated with BEO greatly inhibited the growth of Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative food borne pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. The use of ZnO NPs enhance amtimicrobial activity of the films.

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Recent research of bionanocompositesRecent research of bionanocomposites

Recent research of active packagingRecent research of active packaging

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Recent research of active packagingRecent research of active packaging

(a) Transmission electron micrograph of untreated normal S. typhimuriumcells, 

( )(b) effects of nanoparticles on the cells (marked with arrows),

(c) and (d) Micrograph of deteriorated and ruptured S. typhimurium cells treated with ZnO nanoparticles.

Recent research of active packagingRecent research of active packaging

The scavenger capacity of nano‐sized oxygen scavenger was 1.4 times over that of conventional oxygen scavenger, which indicated that the scavenging extent and speed of the nanosised iron was far greater than that of conventional iron powders.

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Intelligent PackagingIntelligent Packaging

Nanoparticle based intelligent inks (leakage ‐MAP)

N (bi ) f i i f d d f i bi l d Nano(bio)sensors for monitoring food product for microbial and environmental safety and traceability (e.g. nanosensors with luminescent protein to bind to bacteria, DNA based biochips to detect pathogens or toxin producing fungi)

Smart labels incorporating Radio Frequency Identification Display Smart labels incorporating Radio Frequency Identification Display (RFID) to enable tracking of food products during transport and distribution.

Recent research of intelligent packagingRecent research of intelligent packaging

Detection of surface pH of paper using a chitosan‐modified silica fluorescent nanosensor Original Research Article

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, Volume 195, May 2014, Pages 252‐258Yingjuan Qu, Haizhou Han, Xingwang Zheng, Zhihui Guo, Yuhu Li

A novel molecular imprinted nanosensor based quartz crystal microbalance for determination of kaempferol Original Research ArticleSensors and Actuators B: Chemical, Volume 194, April 2014, Pages 79‐85Vinod Kumar Gupta Mehmet Lütfi Yola Necip AtarVinod Kumar Gupta, Mehmet Lütfi Yola, Necip Atar

A novel ultrasensitive carboxymethyl chitosan‐quantum dot‐based fluorescence “turn on‐off” nanosensor for lysozyme detection Original 

Research Article. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, In Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available online 30 April 2014. Yu Song, Yang Li, Ziping Liu, Linlin Liu, Xinyan Wang, Xingguang Su, Qiang Ma

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Recent research of nano packaging at IPBRecent research of nano packaging at IPB

Bio‐nanocomposites based on biopolymers, biodegradable polyesters and nanoparticles.

Application of nanocoating for preserving fresh fruits.

Development active packaging based on nanocomposite films: antimicrobial packaging, ethylene scavenger.

Development intelligent packaging with nanosensors as freshness indicator of fruits. 

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ZnO-NPs, d= 20 nm

Dispersed in ditilled water NanodispersionDispersed in ditilled water

High shear homogenization

Pectin powderMixing, 6 h

ZnO-NPs solution Particle size analysis

ptechnique

Solution of Pectin-ZnO NPs

Casting in PTFE mold Drying (45oC, 12 h)

Intercalated

ZnO‐NPs dispersed in waterPectin Polymer Exfoliated

228 g of pectin powder 400 ml

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Mechanical Properties

Incorporation of ZnO‐NPs improved TS butimproved TS but slightly decreased %E of pectin films.

Plasticizer should be used in the next work.

Potential Antimicrobial Activity0% ZnO 0.5% ZnO 1.0% ZnO 2.0% ZnO 5.0% ZnO

Intensive fungal growth was observed on the surface of pure pectin films and slight growth was detected

h f f i fil i i 0 5 f Z Oon the surface of pectin films containing 0.5 of ZnO-NPs.

No growth of fungi was observed on the surface of pectin films containing ZnO-NPs 1.0%.

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Strawberry coating

Application as  Strawberry is popular due to its i ibl l t t d fledible coating of 

Strawberry

visible appeal, taste and flavour. However, it has high sensitivity to fungal decay resulting in short shelf-life.

3 treatments were conducted: no coating coating with no coating, coating with

pectin, and pectin + 1% ZnO-NPs

Expected effects: Fungal growth inhibition.

Effect of Edible Coating on Strawberry Stored at 5oC

0

Control (without coating) Coating with pectin Coating with pectin‐ZnO

Day

26 Strawberries without coating and coating with pure pectin were moldy and not

acceptable after 7 days of storage at 5oC.

Day

7

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Effect of Edible Coating on Strawberry Stored at Room Temperature

0

Control (without coating) Coating with pectin Coating with pectin‐ZnO

Day

27

Day

3

Five of six strawberries without coating and coating with only pectin were moldy after 3 days of storage. All strawberries coated with pectin-ZnO nanocomposite were still in good condition.

Effect of Edible Coating on Strawberry Stored at Room Temperature

0

Control (without coating) Coating with pectin Coating with pectin‐ZnO

Day

28

Day

7

All strawberries without coating and coating with only pectin were moldy after 7 days of storage. There were still healthy fruits coated with pectin-ZnO nanocomposite.

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