RECENT ADVANCES in WATER RESOURCES,

HYDRAULICS & HYDROLOGY

Proceedings of the 4th IASME / WSEAS International Conference on WATER RESOURCES, HYDRAULICS & HYDROLOGY

(WHH'09)

Cambridge, UK February 24-26, 2009

Mathematics and Computers in Science and Engineering A Series of Reference Books and Textbooks

Published by WSEAS Press ISSN: 1790-2769 www.wseas.org ISBN: 978-960-474-057-4

RECENT ADVANCES in WATER RESOURCES, HYDRAULICS & HYDROLOGY Proceedings of the 4th IASME / WSEAS International Conference on WATER RESOURCES, HYDRAULICS & HYDROLOGY (WHH'09) Cambridge, UK February 24-26, 2009 Mathematics and Computers in Science and Engineering A Series of Reference Books and Textbooks Published by WSEAS Press www.wseas.org Copyright © 2009, by WSEAS Press All the copyright of the present book belongs to the World Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society Press. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the Editor of World Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society Press. All papers of the present volume were peer reviewed by two independent reviewers. Acceptance was granted when both reviewers' recommendations were positive. See also: http://www.worldses.org/review/index.html

ISSN: 1790-2769 ISBN: 978-960-474-057-4

World Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society

RECENT ADVANCES in WATER RESOURCES,

HYDRAULICS & HYDROLOGY

Proceedings of the 4th IASME / WSEAS International Conference on WATER RESOURCES, HYDRAULICS & HYDROLOGY

(WHH'09)

Cambridge, UK February 24-26, 2009

Editors:

Prof. Leon Trilling, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), USA Prof. D. Perkins, Harvard University, USA Prof. Dionysios (Dion) D. Dionysiou, University of Cincinnati, USA Prof. Leonid Perlovsky, Harvard University, USA Prof. Kent Davey, IEEE Fellow, Editor IEEE Trans. on Magnetics, Austin, TX, USA Prof. David Landgrebe, Purdue University, USA Prof. Miguel A. Marino, Distinguished Professor of Hydrology, Civil & Environmental Engineering, and Biological & Agricultural Engineering, University of California, CA, USA Prof. D. L. Russell, Professor of Mathematics, Virginia Tech, USA Prof. Steven H. Collicott, School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Univ. West Lafayette,USA Prof. Marco Ceccarelli, (IFToMM President elect 2008-2011), University of Cassino, IT Prof. John W. Lund, PE, Professor Emeritus of Civil Engineering, Past President of the Intern. Geothermal Association, Oregon Institute of Technology, USA International Program Committee Members: A. C. Benim, GERMANY Abul-Fazal M. Arif, SAUDI ARABIA Agis Papadopoulos, GREECE Ahmed Hassan, EGYPT Ahmed Mohammadein , EGYPT Alexander Kuzmin, RUSSIA Ali J. Chamkha, KUWAIT Aly Elshamy, EGYPT Ana Sirviente, USA Andrei G. Fedorov, USA Aroudam El hassan, MAROCCO Asad Salem, UNITED STATES Aura L. Lopez de Ramos, VENEZUELA Aydin Misirlioglu, TURKEY Beghidja Abdelhadi, FRANCE Bodo Ruck, GERMANY Boris Ushakov, RUSSIA Bouhadef Khedidja, ALGERIA Bouhadef Malek, ALGERIA Bozidar, CROATIA C. J. Ho, TAIWAN C. Trevino, MEXICO C.W. Leung, HONG KONG Chang Kyun Choi, KOREA Chin-Hsiang Cheng, TAIWAN Chun-I Chen, TAIWAN Claudia del Carmen Gutierrez-Torres, MEXICO David Katoshevski, ISRAEL Domenico Guida, ITALY Dragoljub Mirjanic, BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA Falin Chen, TAIWAN Federico Mendez, MEXICO Fereydoun Sabetghadam, IRAN Florin Popescu, ROMANIA Francoise Daumas-Bataille, FRANCE Gareth Thomas, USA Gennaro Cardone, ITALY Gunter K.F., GERMANY H.S. Takhar, UK Hany Mohamed, EGYPT

Henar Herrero, SPAIN Hossein Shokouhmand, IRAN Hyung Hee Cho, KOREA Ivan Kazachkov, SWEDEN Jean-Christophe Robinet, FRANCE Jeong-se Suh Gyeongsang, KOREA Jing Liu, P. R. CHINA Joakim Wren, SWEDEN Joseph T. C. Liu, USA Junjie Gu, CANADA K. P. Sandeep, USA Kadir Bilen, TURKEY Kai H. Luo, UK Khaled Alhussan, SAUDI ARABIA Krish Thiagarajan, AUSTRALIA Luis Cortez, BRAZIL M. Abu-Zaid, JORDAN Mahmoud Jamiolahmady, UK Mario Misale, ITALY Md Anwar, BANGLADESH Mehdi Azhdary Moghaddam, IRAN Mehmet C. Ece, TURKEY Michiharu Narazaki, JAPAN Mohd Al-Nimr, JORDAN Mostafa Mahmoud, EGYPT Muthukumaran Packirisamy, CANADA Nabil Moussa, EGYPT Nicolas Galanis, CANADA Nikolaos Markatos, GREECE Oh-hyun Rho, KOREA Oleg V. Vasilyev, USA Olga Mazhorova, RUSSIA Omar Abdel-hafez, EGYPT P V S N Murthy, INDIA Pablo S. Casas, SPAIN Pascal Roubides, UNITED STATES Pavel Krukovsky, UKRAINE Pradip Majumdar, USA Pradipta Panigrahi, GERMANY Rafael Royo, SPAIN Ramil Sharafutdinov, RUSSIA

Preface

This year the 4th IASME / WSEAS International Conference on WATER RESOURCES, HYDRAULICS & HYDROLOGY (WHH '09) was held in the University of Cambridge as in 2008. The Conference remains faithful to its original idea of providing a platform to discuss theoretical and applicative aspects of water resources management, water quality, water pollution control, large river engineering and management, computational hydraulics etc. with participants from all over the world, both from academia and from industry.

Its success is reflected in the papers received, with participants coming from several countries, allowing a real multinational multicultural exchange of experiences and ideas.

During this last year we witnessed the growth of the European Union interest in water resources, hydraulics & hydrology. This is an additional proof that they are seen not only as an exciting research area but also as technologies that may solve current European citizens’ concerns with several practical problems.

For a discipline which is central to research and also to industry, and which generates interests not only among academicians but also among large companies and government departments and agencies, it is important to look at the market and at its movements.

A Conference such as this can only succeed as a team effort, so the Editors want to thank the International Scientific Committee and the Reviewers for their excellent work in reviewing the papers as well as their invaluable input and advice.

The Editors

Table of Contents

Plenary Lecture: Using Exergy to Enhance Ecological and Environmental Understanding and Stewardship

10

Marc A. Rosen Efficiency of the Water Jets on Fire Interventions 11 Dan Victor Cavaropol, Mircea Grigoriu, Valeriu Panaitescu, Doina Cornelia Dinu, Mariana Panaitescu A Cellular-Based Genetic Algorithm for Groundwater Allocation 15 E. Sidiropoulos, D. Fotakis Photocatalytic Degradation of Wastewater Polluted by Methyl-Tertiary-Butylether using Titanium-Dioxide and Doped Titanium-Dioxide

19

Natasa D. Kuburovic, Aleksandar Golubovic, Zaklina Todorovic, Slavica Gasic, Tatjana Solevic Failure Mechanism in Geobag Structure 25 Aysha Akter, Grant Wright, Martin Crapper, Gareth Pender Comparison between Various Reference Evapotranspiration Equations for Semiarid Conditions 31 Ramon Lopez-Urrea, Francisco Martin de Santa Olalla, Concepcion Fabeiro, Agueda Moratalla Fall Velocity of Sediment Particles 39 S. M. Sadat-Helbar, E. Amiri-Tokaldany, Steve Darby, A. Shafaie Length and Orientation of Minor Spur in the Sand Bed 46 A. Shafaie, A. Ardeshir, S. M. Sadat-Helbar Soil Properties Affecting Runoff in Calcareous Soils, Northwestern Iran 53 A. R. Vaezi Analysis of Infiltration and Water Redistribution in a Water Repellent Soil Monolith 59 Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi, Marnik Vanclooster Comparing the Model-Estimated Final Infiltration Rate with the Measured Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity in Laboratory

67

Fereshte Haghighi, Manoochehr Gorji, Mehdi Shorafa Asymptotic Matching with a Case Study from Hydraulic Engineering 71 Jaber Almedeij Modeling the Layouts of Stormwater Retention Ponds using Residence Time 77 Sher Khan, Bruce W. Melville, Asaad Y. Shamseldin Changes in River Hydrology and Coastal Sedimentation by Dams in Periyar River Basin Kerala, India

84

G. S. Dwarakish, K. U. Abdu Rahiman, Usha Natesan Equipment for Pollution Treatment of Impervious Surface Runoff Using Up-Flow Limestone and Geotextil Filtration Media

90

Daniel Castro-Fresno, Jorge Rodriguez-Hernandez, Andres H. Fernandez-Barrera, Miguel A. Calzada-Perez Enhancing Ecological and Environmental Understanding with Exergy: Concepts and Methods 94 Marc A. Rosen

Proceedings of the 4th IASME / WSEAS Int. Conference on WATER RESOURCES, HYDRAULICS & HYDROLOGY (WHH'09)

ISSN: 1790-2769 7 ISBN: 978-960-474-057-4

Simulation of Collecting Pipe and Its Drainage Rate at A. Landfill, Japan 104 Dang Thuong Huyen, Kenji Jinno, Atsushi Tsutsumi Assessment and Reduction of Hydro-Meteorological Model Forecasting Uncertainty using an Autoregressive Error Model and Bivariate Meta-Gaussian Density

110

Renaud Hostache, Patrick Matgen, Mara Montanari, Christine Fosty, Laurent Pfister Application of Truncated Plurigaussian Method for the Reactive Transport Modeling of a Contaminated Aquifer

119

Claudia Cherubini, Concetta I. Giasi, Fausta Musci, Nicola Pastore Flow Metering By End-Depth Method in Inverted Semicircular Channels 125 Seyed Vahid Nabavi, Mohammad Karim Beirami, Mark Sterling Turbulent Kinetic Energy reduction in Depressed Flexible Apron of Barrages 131 Kapileswar Mishra, Dhrubajyoti Sen Rural Micro-Watershed Management Through Spatial Decision Support System - A Case Study 136 J. P. Shukla, Raghuvanshi Ram, R. N. Yadava Depth-Damage Curve for Flood Damage Assessments Industrial and Commercial Sectors 141 Ling-Fang Chang, Jui-Lin Kang, Ming-Daw Su River Management: Use of Macrophyte Community Structure in UK Rivers as an Example for Ecological Assessment for Hydromorphological Impacts

147

Rita S. W. Yam, Matthew O'Hare, Michael J Dunbar, Annette Baattrup-Pedersen, Soren E. Larsen Flow and Sedimentation around Row of Circular Cylinder with Various Distances 152 S. T. O. Naeeni, Kambiz F. Moghadam, Soheil Rezapour Improving Water Supply Reliability through Portfolio Management: Case Study from Southern California

157

Renee Kidson, Brent Haddad, Hui Zheng The Study of Drought Phenomena in the Transylvania Plain using the Analysis of the Non-Periodical Variations of Precipitations

163

Victor Sorocovschi, Mihai Voda Time Evolution of Scour and Deduction of the Required Minimum Test Duration for a Clear-Water Scour Test at a Bridge Pier

168

Patrick Alabi Heavy Metal Uptake Kinetics of Microalgae in Aquatic Media 175 Zehra Gok, Esra Yel Effects of pH and Dissolved Organic Matter on the Formation of Disinfection By-Products by Chlorination and Chloramination

180

Sezen Kucukcongar, Mehmet Faik Sevimli, Esra Yel

Estimation of Monthly Evaporation for Kovilar Reservoir using Genetic Programming and Thornthwaite Method

186

K. S. Kasiviswanathan, S. Saravanan, Avinash Agarwal, S. Sathyamurthi

Proceedings of the 4th IASME / WSEAS Int. Conference on WATER RESOURCES, HYDRAULICS & HYDROLOGY (WHH'09)

ISSN: 1790-2769 8 ISBN: 978-960-474-057-4

Effects of Rainwater Harvesting and Desalination on Supply and Demand of Public Water in U.S. Virgin Islands

191

Hossana Solomon

Numerical Modeling of Extended Mild Slope Equation with Mac Cormack Method 195 Asu Inan, Lale Balas

Nested SIS Algorithm for a Stochastic Geolithologic Characterization of Heterogeneous Aquifer 201 Claudia Cherubini, Concetta I. Giasi, Fausta Musci, Nicola Pastore

Drip Irrigation with Saline Water in North China Plain 207 Kang Yaohu, Wan Shuqin, Chen Ming

GPS Oriented System for Evaluation of Energetic Potential of Hydroelectric Dam Lakes 218 Sorin Dan Grigorescu, Costin Cepisca, Octavian Mihai Ghita, Mircea Covrig, Elena Grigorescu

Proceedings of the 4th IASME / WSEAS Int. Conference on WATER RESOURCES, HYDRAULICS & HYDROLOGY (WHH'09)

ISSN: 1790-2769 9 ISBN: 978-960-474-057-4

Plenary Lecture

Using Exergy to Enhance Ecological and Environmental Understanding and Stewardship

Professor Marc A. Rosen

Founding Dean Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science

University of Ontario Institute of Technology Oshawa, Ontario, CANADA

also: President-Elect, Engineering Institute of Canada Email: M.Rosen@uoit.ca

Abstract: In efforts to understand ecological systems and environmental impact, techniques can be used which combine thermodynamics with environmental and ecological disciplines. Most such assessments consider thermodynamics in terms of energy, but it is believed by many that ecological and environmental factors are better understood using the thermodynamic quantity exergy. One rationale for this statement is that exergy, but not energy, is often a measure of the potential for ecological and environmental impact. Here, a summary is presented of existing analysis techniques which integrate exergy and ecological and environmental factors, including exergy-based ecological indicators, exergy-based life cycle analysis and environomics. The goals of most such analysis techniques include improving our understanding of the impact on ecological systems and the environment of processes and the determination of appropriate ecological and environmental improvement measures. Several examples are considered, including the application of exergy to water-based ecosystems for understanding, predicting and improving their health. Thermodynamic, ecological and environmental data are examined, and show that correlations exist between exergy and environmental and ecological parameters. The existence of such correlations likely implies that exergy factors into environmental improvement and ecological stewardship. Brief Biography of the Speaker: Dr. Marc A. Rosen is a Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Ontario Institute of Technology in Oshawa, Canada, where he served as founding Dean of the Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science from 2002 to 2008. Dr. Rosen became President of the Engineering Institute of Canada in 2008. He was President of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering from 2002 to 2004, and is a registered Professional Engineer in Ontario. With over 60 research grants and contracts and 500 technical publications, Dr. Rosen is an active teacher and researcher in thermodynamics, energy technology (including cogeneration, district energy, thermal storage and renewable energy), and the environmental impact of energy and industrial systems. Much of his research has been carried out for industry. Dr. Rosen has worked for such organizations as Imatra Power Company in Finland, Argonne National Laboratory near Chicago, and the Institute for Hydrogen Systems near Toronto. He was also a professor in the Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Industrial Engineering at Ryerson University in Toronto, Canada for 16 years. While there, Dr. Rosen served as department Chair and Director of the School of Aerospace Engineering. Dr. Rosen has received numerous awards and honours, including an Award of Excellence in Research and Technology Development from the Ontario Ministry of Environment and Energy, the Engineering Institute of Canada’s Smith Medal for achievement in the development of Canada, and the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering’s Angus Medal for outstanding contributions to the management and practice of mechanical engineering. He is a Fellow of the Engineering Institute of Canada, the Canadian Academy of Engineering, the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and the International Energy Foundation.

Proceedings of the 4th IASME / WSEAS Int. Conference on WATER RESOURCES, HYDRAULICS & HYDROLOGY (WHH'09)

ISSN: 1790-2769 10 ISBN: 978-960-474-057-4

Authors Index

Abdu Rahiman, K. U. 110 Grigorescu, S. D. 201 Pender, G. 84 Agarwal, A. 19 Grigoriu, M. 147 Pfister, L. 119 Akter, A. 25 Haddad, B. 25 Ram, R. 168 Alabi, P. 157 Haghighi, F. 77 Rezapour, S. 201 Almedeij, J. 94 Hostache, R. 175 Rodriguez-Hernandez, J. 104 Amiri-Tokaldany, E. 59 Huyen, D. H. 46 Rosen, M. A. 125 Ardeshir, A. 11 Inan, A. 19 Sadat-Helbar, S. M. 180, 186Baattrup-Pedersen, A. 19 Jinno, K. 110 Saravanan, S. 186 Balas, L. 119 Kang, J. L. 104 Sathyamurthi, S. 186 Beirami, M. K. 152 Kasiviswanathan, K. S. 104 Sen, D. 53 Calzada-Perez, M. A. 141 Khan, S. 195 Sevimli, M. F. 141 Castro-Fresno, D. 46 Kidson, R. 180 Shafaie, A. 11 Cavaropol, D. V. 46 Kuburovic, N. D. 152 Shamseldin, A. Y. 19 Cepisca, C. 39 Kucukcongar, S. 195 Shorafa, M. 136 Chang, L. F. 119 Larsen, S. 201 Shukla, J. P. 90 Cherubini, C. 31 Lopez-Urrea, R. 175 Shuqin, W. 218 Covrig, M. 147 Matgen, P. 163 Sidiropoulos, E. 67 Crapper, M. 136 Melville, B. W. 25 Solevic, T. 207 Darby, S. 207 Ming, C. 25 Solomon, H. 90 Dinu, D. C. 59 Mishra, K. 110 Sorocovschi, V. 218 Dunbar, M. J. 141 Moghadam, K. F. 110 Sterling, M. 131 Dwarakish, G S. 84 Mohammadi, M. H. 147 Su, M. D. 147 Fabeiro, C. 31 Montanari, M. 125 Todorovic, Z. 218 Fernandez-Barrera, A. H. 15 Moratalla, A. 11 Tsutsumi, A. 19 Fosty, C. 31 Musci, F. 77 Vaezi, A. R. 11 Fotakis, D. 39 Nabavi, S. V. 191 Vanclooster, M. 131 Gasic, S. 201 Naeeni, S. T. 186 Voda, M. 147 Ghita, O. M. 157 Natesan, U. 207 Wright, G. 90 Giasi, C. I. 39 O'Hare, M. 136 Yadava, R. N. 163 Gok, Z. 218 Olalla, F. M. 84 Yam, R. S. 180 Golubovic, A. 15 Panaitescu, M. 125 Yaohu, K. 110 Gorji, M. 119 Panaitescu, V. 218 Yel, E. 67, 71Grigorescu, E. 67 Pastore, N. 152, 157 Zheng, H. 90

Proceedings of the 4th IASME / WSEAS Int. Conference on WATER RESOURCES, HYDRAULICS & HYDROLOGY (WHH'09)

ISSN: 1790-2769 223 ISBN: 978-960-474-057-4