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12019 IEEE Aerospace Conference
Recent Advancements in Modeling and Simulation of Entry Systems at NASAMichael Barnhardt, Aaron Brandis 2019 IEEE Aerospace Conference | 03.06.19Michael Wright, Monica Hughes
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20190001754 2019-12-30T10:26:09+00:00Z
2019 IEEE Aerospace Conference
EDL Modeling & Simulation at NASA
2
• Human Exploration and Operations• Orion MPCV
• Science• MSL/MEDLI and Mars 2020/MEDLI2
• Mars Sample Return
• Aeronautics Research• Limited overlap with Transformational Tools and Technology (TTT) and Hypersonics Technology
Project (HTP)
• Space Technology• Heatshield for Extreme Entry Environment Technology (HEEET)
• Adaptable Deployable Entry and Placement Technology (ADEPT)
• Low-Earth Orbit Flight Test of an Inflatable Decelerator (LOFTID)
• Advanced Supersonic Parachute Inflation Research Experiment (ASPIRE)
• Safe and Precise Landing – Integrated Capabilities Evolution (SPLICE)
• Descent Systems Study (DSS)
• Pterodactyl
• Entry Systems Modeling (ESM)
• Space Technology Research Grants (STRG)
• NASA Engineering and Safety Center• Several focused, short-term activities and grants
Investments span multiple directorates, programs, and projects
2019 IEEE Aerospace Conference
EDL Modeling & Simulation at NASA
3
• Human Exploration and Operations• Orion MPCV
• Science• MSL/MEDLI and Mars 2020/MEDLI2• Mars Sample Return
• Aeronautics Research• Limited overlap with Transformational Tools and Technology (TTT) and Hypersonics Technology
Project (HTP)• Space Technology
• Heatshield for Extreme Entry Environment Technology (HEEET)• Adaptable Deployable Entry and Placement Technology (ADEPT)• Low-Earth Orbit Flight Test of an Inflatable Decelerator (LOFTID)• Advanced Supersonic Parachute Inflation Research Experiment (ASPIRE)• Safe and Precise Landing – Integrated Capabilities Evolution (SPLICE)• Descent Systems Study (DSS)• Pterodactyl• Entry Systems Modeling (ESM)• Space Technology Research Grants (STRG)
• NASA Engineering and Safety Center• Several focused, short-term activities and grants
Investments span multiple directorates, programs, and projects
2019 IEEE Aerospace Conference
STMD/Game Changing Development Program
Entry Systems Modeling Project
4
Ø Modeling & Simulation is critical path for EDL, in every mission phase, with a reach extending beyond NASA
Ø The Entry Systems Modeling Project (ESM) is focused on delivering real advancements to the current SoA that impact NASA missions
- Mid-TRL R&D, with topic areas driven by mission needs
- Establish a “pipeline” to fundamental research via creative partnerships within NASA, OGAs, and academia to leverage the best new and innovative ideas• Over 100 academics (students & faculty) involved each year via multiple funding mechanisms
• Multiple international partnerships supported (DLR, JAXA, UQ, VKI, CentraleSupelec)
- Mature new capabilities and prepare them for mission infusion; products handed to missions and line organizations for application and stewardship• Long-term maintenance and support is out of scope; remains a significant challenge for the Agency
“For complex missions that cannot be fully tested on Earth, we rely on computer models to convince ourselves that the integrated system will work in its intended environment. We have no other way to do this. Detailed subsystem hardware and software testing help us validate that each of these models do a good job of representing reality.”
-- Rob Manning, Mars Program Chief Engineer
2019 IEEE Aerospace Conference
5
Continues maturation of promising low TRL technologies from CIF, SBIR, etc…
Mid TRL
Game Changing Development
Technology DemonstrationMissions
Early Stage• NASA Innovative Advanced
Concepts• Space Tech Research Grants• Center Innovation Fund
Low TRL
High TRL
Small Spacecraft Technologies
Space Technology Portfolio/Pipeline
Commercial Partnerships• SBIR /STTR• Flight Opportunities• Centennial Challenges• Regional Economic
Development
2019 IEEE Aerospace Conference
Entry Systems Modeling:Core Investment Areas
6
Predictive Materials ModelingAdvanced models for PICA and woven TPS; Micro- to
engineering-scale analysis tools; Detailed material characterization and model validation
Shock Layer Kinetics and RadiationRadiation databases and models for all destinations of interest; High-fidelity analysis tools, coupled analysis
Guidance, Navigation, and ControlEntry guidance methods to enable precision landing of large
robotic and human Mars missions
AerosciencesParachute dynamics; Free-flight CFD; Magnetic
suspension wind tunnels; Experimental validation; Roughness, Advanced computational methods
2019 IEEE Aerospace Conference
Predictive Material Modeling
Rapid 3-D simulations of TPS and substructure using Icarus, a parallel, scalable software
Microscale Benchmark Modeling Engineering Applications
Gap filler
Benchmark simulations with PATO software to aid model development and quantify uncertainty
Microscale experiments and analysis for fundamental properties, validation
Lead: Nagi Mansour (NASA) Lead: Nagi Mansour (NASA) Lead: Eric Stern (NASA)
Unstructured multi-processor partitioning
2019 IEEE Aerospace Conference
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0 20 40 60 80 100
ρ/ρ
v
Time, min
NuSil TGA dataPATO+DAKOTA fit
PICA-NuSilLeads: Brody Bessire (NASA), Nagi Mansour (NASA), Francesco Panerai (Illinois)
8
• Silica coating has low catalycity and acts as an oxidation barrier• It could also impair the transport of pyrolysis gas into boundary layer
Material Response Validation Data • Design and execution of arc-jet test campaigns
High Fidelity Model• PICA-N material properties database• Finite-rate gas/surface interaction model• Detailed simulation capabilities
Silicone (NuSil) coating on MSL and Mars 2020 significantly impacts our interpretation of flight measurements
Temperature,C
500
1000
1500
Time,s0 10 20 30 40
Silica formation and its impact on heat transfer have been observed in ground tests
2019 IEEE Aerospace Conference
Shock Layer Kinetics and Radiation
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Experiments Computational Chemistry Applications
Top: Convective heating correlations for Mars entriesBottom: Flight data from Mars Science Laboratory strongly suggests CO2 radiation as a significant contributor to vehicle heating
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000
Cp(J/
mol
.deg
)
Tint (K)
Computed heatcapacity for N2+
Cp (new)
Many CFD model parameters are inaccessible experimentally. Advancements in computationalchemistry enable us to determine parameters with high precision.
Removing old assumptions
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
330 350 370 390 410 430 450 470 490
Spec
tral
Rad
ianc
e, W
/cm
2um
sr
Wavelength, nm
T62-20: 11.16 km/s T62-21: 10.72 km/s T62-19: 10.32 km/sT62-2: 10.04 km/s T62-5: 9.63 km/s
Spectral radiance measurements in EAST (top) and CalTech tunnel (Bottom) provide crucial data for model development and validation.
Lead: Brett Cruden (NASA) Lead: Rich Jaffe (NASA) Leads: Aaron Brandis (NASA), Chris Johnston (NASA)
2019 IEEE Aerospace Conference
Computational & Experimental AerosciencesEntry Vehicle Dynamics
Magnetic Suspension Wind TunnelLead: Mark Schoenenberger (NASA)
Free-flight CFDLead: Joe Brock (NASA), Eric Stern (NASA, ATAP)
Multi-body aero collaboration with Asteroid Threat Assessment Project (ATAP)
German Aerospace Center Tunnel Simulated Comparison
2019 IEEE Aerospace Conference 11
Phosphor-coated ceramic block TPS model and representative heating augmentation during test
Computational & Experimental AerosciencesTurbulent and Transitional Heating
Block TPS RoughnessLead: Brian Hollis (NASA)
Woven TPS RoughnessLead: Mike Wilder (NASA)
Model laser-etched with smooth, sand-grain, and woven roughness patterns.
Woven pattern is less efficient at heating surface than sand-grain roughness.
2019 IEEE Aerospace Conference 12
Charbel FarhatStanford
STRG-funded academic partners making excellent progress on parachute inflation.
First demonstration of high-order canopy simulation for analyzing descent dynamics.
Computational & Experimental AerosciencesParachute Descent and Inflation Dynamics
Carlos Pantano-RubinoIllinois
Scott MurmanNASA
Drogue parachute inflationDGB stressDGB displacement
2019 IEEE Aerospace Conference 13
AERO Suite Test Data
Computational & Experimental AerosciencesParachute Descent and Inflation Dynamics
Preliminary comparison of predicted and flight (MSL) snatch load
Credit: Charbel Farhat (Stanford)
2019 IEEE Aerospace Conference
Guidance, Navigation & ControlLead: Alicia Dwyer-Cianciolo (NASA)
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Landing Precision of HIAD w/Flaps
Perfect engines With engine dispersions
Landing Precision of CobraMRV
CobraMRV
HIAD
Mechanical feasibility and packaging
2019 IEEE Aerospace Conference 15
We Need Your Help
…in order to keep ahead of tomorrow’s challenges.
If you have insight into pressing mission needs or ideas on how to address them, we would love to hear from you:
Michael Wright, Project [email protected]
Monica Hughes, Deputy [email protected]
Michael Barnhardt, Principal [email protected]
Aaron Brandis, Deputy [email protected]
2019 IEEE Aerospace Conference 16