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REC-ERC-74-10

Engineering and Research CenterBureau of Reclamation

July 1974

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v,s-230 (8-70)o"u/c>au of Reclamation1. REPORT NO.REC-ERC-74-14. TITLE AND SUBTITLERock Mechanics Properties of Typical Foundation Rock Types:Summarizing physical and mechanical tests of rock samples fromsevera l types of foundation sites

PORT STANDARD TIT

7. AUTHOR(S)

J. R. Brandon

3. RECIPIENT'S CATAL

5. REPORT DATEJul 1974

6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE

8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATIONREPORT NO.

R E C - E R C - 7 4-1 09. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESSEngineering and Research CenterBureau of ReclamationDenver, Colorado 80225

10. WORK UNIT NO.

11. CONTRACT OR GRANT NO.

13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD~~.~S~P~O~N~S~O~R~I~N~G~A~~~~~=-~=-~~~E~S~S--------------------~ COVERED

Same14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE

15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

16_ ABSTRACT

Tests of physical and mechanical properties of representative rock core samples from several projectfoundation sites are summarized in rock data sheets. The summary includes location and geologic occurrenceand a petrographic description of the rock tvpes, Properties listed include: absorption; specific gravity; secantelastic moduius; compressive strength; tensile strength; and shear strength, including cohesion and coefficientof angle of internal friction. The work covers 43 typical rock types from sites of dams, powerplants, tunnels,and other Bureau structures,

17. KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSISa. DESCRIPTORS-- / rock foundations/ rock mechanics/ "rock properties/ shear strength/ rocks! mechanicalproperties! physical properties! compressive strength/ petrography! classifications! absorption/ rock tests!modulus of elasticity/ data collections! tensile strength

b. /DENTIFIERS--c. COS AT I F ie ld /G ro up 08G18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENTAvailable from the National Technical information Service, OperattonsDivision, Springfield, Virginia 22/5/. .

(TnIS

UNC

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REC-ERC-74-10

RO CK M EC HA NIC S PR OPERTIES O FTYPICA L FO UN DA TIO N RO CK TYPESSum marizing Physical and M echanical Tests ofRock Sam ples from Several Types of Foundation Sites

byJ. R . B randon

July 1974

Earth Sciences BranchDivision of General ResearchEngineering and Research CenterDenver, Colorado

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTER IOR * BUREAU OF RECLAMATION

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTThis report was prepared by the author under the generalsupervision of D. L. Misterek, Head, Rock Mechanics Section.H. J. Gibbs is Chief, Earth Sciences Branch. Petrography wasconducted by personnel of the Applied Sciences Branch. Thelocation descriptions were obtained mostly from geologyfield reports prepared by the responsible area office and werereviewed by members of the Geology and GeotechnologyBranch. The rock testing was performed by the RockMechanics Section.

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CONTENTSPage

Introduction 1126995

Test Procedures .Description of Rock Data Summary SheetsIndex to Rock Data Summary SheetsRock Data Summary Sheets (listed alphabetically)Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

LIST OF FIGURESFigure12

Direct tension test utilizing hollow steel cone grips . . . . .Cone grip assembly with ruptured specimen portion encased; andextracted specimen portion showing sulfur-clay wedgeDirect tension test utilizing steel end caps cemented to endsurfaces of rock .

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INTRODUCTION

The Bureau of Reclamation performs laboratory tests on rock core from projects it isinvestigating and occasionally from projects of other agencies and foreign countries.This report contains a summary of physical and mechanical properties of representativerock cores as determined from some of the tests. This summary is a continuation of aninitial collection of data on several rock types, which is contained in LaboratoryReport No. SP-39, "Physical Properties of Some Typical Foundation Rocks," August1953. The test data for 43 rock types contained herein are tabulated on individual rockdata sheets. This summary brings the total number of typical rock types reported to81. Test results from additional rock cores will be presented in future reports.

One of the main purposes of grouping rock properties into this format is to provide aconvenient summary of test results from previous foundation investigations for use inpreliminary location and design studies of new Bureau projects. Since about 1920, dataon rock properties have been documented by numerous investigators and agencies inthe United States, but have not always been readily available, or in some cases, theinformation was not comprehensive enough. Further, test conditions for obtainingsome of the basic properties have varied significantly, thus reducing the value of thedata reported. In the Bureau's investigations of foundation rock types, efforts havebeen made to maintain uniform test procedures to obtain data which are consistentwith previous results.

TEST PROCEDURESAlthough the test procedures employed in the laboratory investigations basically aresimilar to those described in the previous SP-39 report, an additional test standard hasbeen added and some minor changes in procedures have been incorporated. These areas follows:

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The direct tension test has been utilized and results for this test, where performed,are included on the rock data sheets. Using either a hollow cone grip of steel with awedge of sulfur clay mix to hold each end of extra-long specimens or steel capscemented to the cut ends of standard specimens (LID = 2), a direct tension load wasapplied through link chains by means of a standard testing machine. Figures 1through 3 show the test setups for these two tension arrangements. Both proceduresare used; however, the cemented end cap method is limited to the cement bondstrength, which is approximately 2,000 psi. The cone-grip assembly, in contrast, hasa much greater load capacity for rock material in tension, and has been used to testNX-size amphibolite rock cores to 4,900 psi.

In performing the absorption and specific gravity tests, the specimens are weighedair dried" rather than ovendried. Additionally, all core specimens are tested forabsorption properties, rather than a few. This provides a better comparison ofabsorption data with other rock properties.

DESCRIPTION OF ROCK DATA SUMMARY SHEETS

The format of the test data summarized herein has been designed to provide themaximum information on the rock types investigated. The key features included onthe Rock Data Sheets (RDS) are described as follows:

Rock type.- The basic designation of the rock type is given in the upper right-handcorner, along with the petrographic sample number assigned to the rock group beingsummarized. The ROS sheets are arranged in alphabetical order of the rock types forconvenient indexing.

*The air-dry condition is obtained by subjecting the core to the warm, dry atmosphereof the laboratory at 700-750 F.

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Location and geologic occurrence.- The geographic location is given of thefoundation site from which the core samples were taken. Also stated for most rocktypes are the basic features of the site being investigated, including the formationidentification.

Petrographic description.- This section includes a brief summary of the significantmineral composition, structure, texture, and condition of the rock, as determined byaccepted petrographic procedures. More complete petrographic reports for most ofthe rock types are contained in Bureau files.

Engineering properties of rock core samples.- The primary test data are arranged forease of reading and to provide all information possible. For each average test valueor set of values, the number of specimens tested is given. The secant modulus ofelasticity data are recorded for the first cycle of axial loading. The elastic stress-strain curve is shown for each rock type. The data presented are for rock tested at amoisture condition of 75 percent of full saturation, except where otherwiseindicated. An air-dry test condition is used for rocks such as shales and claysiltstones which are adversely affected by saturation.

This report also includes, as an appendix, a set of three reference tables' which giveclassifications for mineralogic and textural identification of igneous, sedimentary, andmetamorphic rock types, as used by the Bureau of Reclamation.

1Taken from "Petrography and Engineering Properties of Rock," R. C. Mielenz,Engineering Monograph No.1, USB R, 1961 rev.

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Figure 1. Direct tension test utilizing hollow steel conegrips. Flexible chain section prevents eccentric loading.Photo P859-D-681 03

Figure 2. Cone grip assembly with ruptured specimen portion encased;and extracted specimen portion showing sulfur-clay wedge. PhotoP859-D-61 104

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Figure 3. Direct tension test utilizing steel end caps cemented to endsurfaces of rock. Photo PXD74673

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INDEX TO ROCK DATA SUMMARY SHEETSR ock type Source Location Page

Amphibolite Bridge Canyon Damsite A rizona 9Amphibolite O roville Damsite California 11Argillite Devil Canyon Damsite Alaska 13Basa lt , ve si cu la r Koyna Damsite India 15Ba sa lt, g la ss y B lack C anyon D am site Idaho 17Basalt D ry F alls D am site Washington 19

(South C oulee D am site)B asalt, v esicu lar (A ) D ry F alls D am site Washington 21

(South C oulee D am site)Basalt, vesicular (B) D ry Falls Damsite Washington 23

(S outh C oulee D am site)Basalt, v esicular D ry Falls D amsite W ashington 25

(S outh C oulee D am site)B re cc ia , a nd es it e H oo ver D am site Arizona 27Breccia, basaltic Koyna Damsite India 29Claystone Palisades Damsite Idaho 31Claystone, calcareous Sanford Damsite Texas 33Conglomerate Flam ing G orge D am site Utah 35Conglomerate M cDowell Damsite A rizona 37Conglom era te , c alc are ou s B hak ra D am site India 39Diorite, quartz B ridge Canyon Damsite Arizona 41Gneiss , quartz-d ior ite B ridg e C anyon D am site Arizona 43Granite B ridge C anyon D am site Arizona 45Granite Research Study New Mexico 47Granite Research Study New Mexico 49Granodiorite Tumut Pond Damsite Australia 51Graywacke Shihmen Damsite Taiwan 53Graywacke D evi I C anyon D am site Alaska 55

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INDEX TO ROCK DATA SUMMARY SH EETS-ContinuedRock type Source Location Page

Hornfels, hornblende Bridge Canyon Damsite Arizona 57Hornfels, Iime-sil icate Bhumiphol Damsite Thailand 59Limestone, argillaceous Hungry Horse Damsite Montana 61Quartzite Flaming Gorge Damsite Utah 63Quartzite, schistose Kosi Damsite India 65Sandstone Coconino Damsite Arizona 67Sandstone Palisades Damsite Idaho 69Sandstone Research Study New Mexico 71Sandstone G len Canyon Damsite Arizona 73Sandstone, Calcareous Coconino Damsite Arizona 75Sandstone, ferruginous Bridge Canyon Damsite Arizona 77Sandstone, quartzitic Flaming Gorge Damsite Utah 79Schist, hornblende Swan Lake Damsite Alaska 81Schist, hornblende Swan Lake Damsite Alaska 83Shale Marble Canyon Damsite Arizona 85Shale Flaming Gorge Damsite Utah 87Siltstone Sanford Damsite Texas 89Subgraywacke, Calcareous Bhakra Damsite India 91Tuff, lithic McDowell Damsite Arizona 93

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A M P H I B O l l T EP-574lROCK DATA SU1\lARYLOCATION & GEOLOGIC OCCURRENCEThe BX samples are from the proposed Bridge Canyon damsite, locatedon the Colorado River about 2-1/2 miles below Bridge Canyon in MohaveCounty, Arizona. Foundation rock at the site consists mainly ofgneisses, schists, amphibolites, and granites of Precambrian ageand sandstones of the Tapeats formation (Cambrian). Pegmatite dikescut the abutment at various angles.

PETROGRAPHIC DESCRIPTIONThe samples are hard, mottled gray and black, massive, and coarse-grained. The rock is composed mainly of hornblende with lesseramounts of labradorite, both occurring as subhedral crystals, butoccasionally in anhedral form. Of the minor components, biotite ispresent in small amounts, and quartz crystals constitute about 1 per-cent of the rock. Tremolite, magnetite, and apatite occur in traceamounts. Most of the labradorite crystals are very slightly alteredto sericite. The crystals generally appear to be well interlocked.Hornblende crystals range from 0.2 to 2 mm, and labradorite crystalsrange much smaller, from 0.1 to 0.4 mm in size.The rock is a massive amphibolite.

ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF ROCK CORE SAMPLESSTATIC MODULUS OF ELASTICITYstress range

psi0-10000-20000-30000-4000

'"0.

i r :

,

Secant E106 psi14.615.216.115.9

SPECIFIC GRAVITY ABSORPTION,% No,No.spec.

avg3.06 (4)avg range spec.ange0.16 0.12 0.10

.13.16.19.19(2) COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, PSI

avg22300

range7000 (2)

, I3000~~-r++~~~~~~i~i-r~~!

'"~ 2000 I-ti, i-t,-t-++, --T:-r-rl-+--if-7-++-H-+--+-+-I~ r + ' ~ - t - r T + ' ~ ' - r + + - H - r + + ' - ~ ~! !

SHEAR STRENGTH, TRIAXIAL, PSIPrincipal stress relation

Sl = 12.4 S3 + 22000 (4)i i Equation of :\lohr's envelope

Y = 1.6 X + 3200II '

1000H l l t - , - - + - t - - ; - ~ - - - ' - + - : - - H C + - + + - ' - ; . . . - r ~i ' !I

(4)II I ,

50 1000Strain - Mr l l io n t h s

TENSILE STRENGTH. PSI500avg2000

range1600 (2)

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A R G I L L I T EP-6554ROCK DATA SUM\lARY

LOCATION & GEOLOGIC OCCCRRENCEThe NX samples are from Devil Canyon damsite, which is located on theSusitna River, about 150 miles north of Anchorage, in the TalkeetnaMountains, Alaska. The geologic occurrence is an area of highly dippingstratified rocks, which have been subjected to folding, faulting, and.metamorphism.

PETROGRAPHIC DESCRIPTIO~The rock is hard, dark, brittle, slightly porous, fine-grained, andfractured. The major constituents are quartz and biotite, with minoramounts of iron oxide, amphibole, calcite, chlorite, and altered biotite.The rocks are banded and slightly weathered, and when struck with a ham-mer, tend to split along old bedding planes. The bedding is not uni-form, and contains intermittent granitic intrusions and fractures.Fractures are thin and show some slickenside structure and most arehealed with quartz. The size of the grains in the matrix ranges from0.01 to 0.08 mm, averaging 0.03 mm.The rock is an a rgi ll ite .

ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF ROCK CORE SAMPLESSPECIFIC GRAVITY ABSORPTION,% No.TATIC MODULUS OF ELASTICITY

stress rangepsi

0-10000-20000-30000-4000

Secant E106 psi9.79.89.9

10.0

No.spec.avg2.73

avg range spec.ange0.03 0.05 (3).07

.16.21.24

.25(4) COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, PSI

range9000

avg16900 (4)

i3000~~-r~~-r++~~++i~~+;!

j


I

I ,/

ii i , Equation of :vIohr's envelope1000 H-............t-t-+-r-+-+-++--+-;-+++!-H-+-i ';IiI I

I '! i:

I500 1000Strain - Mil lionths

TENSILE STRENGTH. PSI500avg420

range280 (3)

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B A S A L TROC1\. DATA SUI\L-\RY VesicularF-6327

LOCATION & GEOLOGIC OCCURRENCEThe NX cores were obtained from exploration drill holes at Koynadamsite, Bombay, India. The rock is representative of the DeccanPlateau area (Cretaceous-Eocene). Three rock types are found inthe damsite foundation. Tuff breccia overlies a vesicular basalt,which is underlain by massive basalt.

PETROGRAPHIC DESCRIPTIONThe rock is hard, dull gray to pink, compact, but porous and vesic-ular. The rock is composed of feldspar crystals which are presentin a groundmass of granular augite and altered glass. The feldsparcrystals are fine-grained, lath-shaped, and in some portions accountfor 50 percent of the rock composition. Magnetite occurs as anaccessory mineral. The secondary minerals are hematite, zeolite, andmontmorillonite. In the groundmass the augite is highly altered andfractured, and in some cases penetrates the crystal grains and fillsthe fractures. Most of the cavities are filled by zeolites. Thehigh percentage of vesicules and clay present has lowered the densityof the rock.The rock is a vesicular basalt.

ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF ROCK CORE SAJIPLESSTATIC MODULUS OF ELASTICITYstress range Secant E J l No.psi 106 psi spec.

0-200 4.4 .110-400 5.3 .13 (3)0-600 5.5 .140-800 5.8 .15

SPECIFIC GRAVITY ABSORPTION,% No.avg2.54

range0.59

avg range spec.5.7 8.5 (4)

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, PSI

!

avg9900

range8700 (3)

3000 I~0.~-~ 2000"U 1

!, I,

1000 i !:u'II I" ' I1 / , I 500

_1

, I


Sl = 6.8 S3 + 9000 (10)I '

Equation of Mchr+s envelopey .. 1.1 X+ 1900

I I I

1000 1500 TENSILE STRENGTH, PSIStr ain - Million th s avg320

range410 (6)

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ROCK DATA SUI\IARYB A S A L TGlassyP-5470

LOCATIO_\, & GEOLOGIC OCCURRENCEThe NX samples are from Black Canyon damsite, Boise Project, Boise,Idaho, on the Payette River about 7 miles east from Emmett, Idaho.The Payette formation consists of an interbedded basalt flow under-lain by a well-cemented sandstone.

PETROGRAPHIC DESCRIPTIO_\,The rock is hard, dark gray to black, very fine-grained, slightlyto moderately porous, and moderately fractured. The rock is composedmainly of a brown basaltic glass matrix surrounding crystals of augiteand labradorite feldspar. These occur as small lath-shaped crystals,some of which show complete crystal outlines, but most having raggedterminations. Moderate amounts of small magnetite crystals are pres~nt.The fractures in the rock are filled with opal and chalcedony. Thelabradorite crystals range from 0.03 to 0.07 mm, and the augite rangesfrom 0.04 to 0.11 mm in length.The rock is a glassy basalt.

ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF ROCK CORE SA:\lPLESSTATIC MODULUS OF ELASTICITYstress range Secant E f J . No.psi 106 psi spec.

0-250 4.4 .080-500 4.6 .09 (6)0-750 4.8 .100-1000 4.9 .11

SPECIFIC GRAVITY ABSORPTION,% No.avg

2.62range0.16


COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, PSIavg8400

range5700 (3)

I000 t-+;-t_i1 _ ' - + - + + - - + ' --+-1+-+-+---1--+--+-+--+-,-+-+-+'-;/_

SHEAR STRENGTH, TRIAXIAL, PSIPrincipal stress relation51 a 8.3 S3 + 10900 (14)Equation of Mohr's envelopeY - 1.3 X + 1900 (14)

'I i IIi'I' I I '500 1000 1500 TENSILE STRENGTH, PSIStrain - Millionths avg460 range100 (2)

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ROCK DATA Sl\l\L \RYB A S A L T

P - 5 4 2 9

LOCATIO\ & GEOLOGIC OCCCRRE\CEThe NX cores were obtained from South Coulee Damsite, Columbia BasinProject, Washington. The rock is from basalt flows of the ColumbiaRiver or Yakima basalt sequence. Lavas accumulated as nearlyhorizontal fissure eruptions (Miocene) with little explosive action.The basalt flows, a maximum of 1,000 feet thick, thin out northwardin 25 to 50 miles to an irregular terminus, where the underlyinggranite (Colville batholith) is exposed.

PETROGRAPHIC DESCRIPTIO.\The samples are hard, dark gray, dense, fine-grained, and slightlyporous. The rock is composed mostly of random labradorite laths andsubhedral augite, with the interstices filled by brown glass. Theglass contains crystals of ilmenite and minute octahedrons, and scaleso f m ag ne ti te . A small amount of this interstitial glass is partiallydevitrified to crystal aggregates and feldspar cyrstallites. Most ofthe labradorite laths and the few equant crystals vary in length from0.09 to 0.85 mm. The crystals are moderately well interlocked.The rock is a basalt.

ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF ROCK CORE SAMPLESST ATIC MODULUS OF ELASTICITYstress range Secant E fJ - No.

psi 106 psi spec.0-1000 6.2 .140-2000 7.2 .17 (3)0-3000 7.7 .190-4000 8.3 .21

SPECIFIC GRAVITY ABSORPTION,% No.avg2.81 range0.13 avg range spec.1.0 1.1 (5)


3000~c.~'r. 2000tiii

1000

Ii.!I ;

I

I I , I: I ! II . s . I I , ,i I ! 1 II J II l I Ij_[ I II I1 I I I ! II, I I, I I , 1 Iif i ! I

avg24900

range(1)


Sl = 6.7 S3 + 28400 (6)

Equation of Mohr's envelopeY = 1.1 X + 5500 (6)

500 1000 1500 TENSILE STRENGTH. PSISt r a in - Mi l l io nt h s avg range

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ROCK DATA SDl\lARYB A S A L T

VesicularP-5407 (group A)

LOCATION & GE OLOGIC OCCURRENCEThe NX cores were taken from South Coulee Damsite, Columbia Basin Project,Washington. The rock is from basalt flows of the Columbia River orYakima basalt sequence. Lavas accumulated as nearly horizontal fissureeruptions (Miocene) with little explosive action. These basalt flows,a maximum of 1,000 feet thick, thin out northward in 25 to 50 miles toan irregular terminus, where the underlying granite (Colville batholith)is exposed.

PETROGRAPHIC DESCRIPTIONThe rock samples are hard, dark bluish gray, fine-grained, and highlyvesicular. Most of the vesicles present range from 0.25 to 1.50 r o m ,averaging 0.50 m m in size. The rock is composed essentially of labra-dorite laths and augite crystals. The interstices are filled withgreen or brown glass which contains slender apatite crystals. Basaltichornblende occurs in very small amounts and is usually associated withaugite. A few vesicles are as large as 4 mm. Most of the vesiclesare lined with films of palagonite, usually mixed with small amountsof montmorillonite.The rock is a vesicular basalt.

ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF ROCK CORE S,DIPLESSTATIC MODULUS OF ELASTICITYstress range

psi0-10000-20000-30000-4000

SPECIFIC GRAVITY ABSORPTION, % No.Secant E106 psi8. 68.68. 68.7

avg2.62 spec.(10)range0.04 avg3.3 range0.3o.spec..19.21.22.22

(6) COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, PSIavg13900 range6400 (3)

I I

I iii

I I

1 J iii SHEAR STRENGTH, TRIAXIAL, PSIPrincipal stress relationS1 = 7.6 S3 + 16800I (12)2000~1~L-~~l~,~~~-;~+4~~

tI i I

i iEquation of \lohr's envelope

Y = 1.2 X + 300010001 iii I! L (12)- 'II

St r ain - Mi l l ion th rangeTDISILE STRENGTH. PSI0 1000 1500

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B A S A L TROCK DATA SUl\lARY VesicularP-5407 (group B)

LOCATION & GEOLOGIC OCCTRRENCEThe NX cores were obtained from South Coulee Damsite, Columbia BasinProject, Washington. The rock is from basalt flows of the ColumbiaRiver or Yakima basalt sequence. Lavas accumulated as nearly hori-zontal fissure eruptions (Miocene) with little explosive action.These basalt flows, a maximum of 1,000 feet thick, thin out north-ward in 25 to 50 miles to an irregular terminus, where the under-lying granite (Colville batholith) is exposed.

PETROGRAPHIC DESCRIPTIONThe rock samples are hard, dark bluish gray, fine-grained, andhighly vesicular. The rock is composed mainly of labradoritelaths and augite crystals, and the interstices are filled withglass, which contains slender apatite crystals. Basaltic hornblendeoccurs in very small amounts and is usually with augite. Most ofthe vesicles range from 0.25 to 2 mm, averaging 1 mm in diameter; afew, however, are about 9 mm. The vesicles are mostly lined withfilms of palagonite, which is usually mixed with small amounts ofmontmorillonite. The rock samples are very similar to the basaltof Group A, but have more vesicles, which accounts for the lowervalues of elasticity, strength, and specific gravity.The rock is a highly vesicular basalt.

ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF ROCK CORE SAMPLESSTATIC MODULUS OF ELASTICITYstress range Secant E fJ - No.psi 106 psi spec.0-1000 4.8 .110-2000 5.4 .13 (5)0-3000 5.9 .150-4000 6.3 .16

SPECIFIC GRAVITY ABSORPTION, % Nooavg range avg range spec.2.58 0.04 4.7 1.9 (6)

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, PSIavg range

3000snc,~~ 2000"~U i

1000

1 I I II I II I iI I i I I

I ! I! I , I I !i _ l , i i ! ! ,I I i I I jI I I ! \, I, I I I IJ I I ' I

; I ! iI I , i I ! I i I:/ I I ; II i I I I i/ , ! I, I I ,I I I I} " - ,hl I ,

11900 5500 (2)


Sl = 8.2 S3 + 14700 (9)Equation of \lohr's e n ve l ope

Y = 1.3 X + 2600 (9 )500 1000 1500 TE;'\1SILE STRENGTH. PSI

St r a in - \ li tl i,\ nth wnge

23

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B A S A L TROCh DAL\ SUl\!ARY VesicularP-5374

LOCATION & GEOLOGIC OCCTRRE\CEThe NX samples are from South Coulee damsite, Columbia Basin Project,Washington. The rock is from basalt flows of the Columbia River orYakima basalt sequence. Lavas accumulated as nearly horizontal fissureeruptions (Miocene) with little explosive action. The basalt flows,a maximum of 1,000 feet thick, thin northward in 25 to 50 miles to anirregular terminus, where the underlying granite (Colville batholith)is expose d.

PETROGRAPHIC DESCRIPTIO\'The rock is hard, dark gray, fine-grained, vesicular, and containswhite phenocrysts. The rock is composed mainly of labradorite lathsabout 0.18 ro m in length, in a volcanic glass matrix containing largeamounts of illmenite, magnetite, and some hematite. Basaltic hornblendeoccurs in small amounts, as does irregularly shaped grains of augite.Vesicles range from 0.25 to 30 ro m in diameter. These vesicles arelined with films of palagonite and/or a montmorillonite. The few phe-nocrysts present are intermediate between labradorite and plagioclase,and the crystals are moderately interlocked.The rock is a vesicular basalt.

ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF ROCK CORE SA'V IPLESSTATIC MODULUS OF ELASTICITYstress range Secant E f J - No.pSI 106 psi spec.0-1000 5.8 .160-2000 6.0 .18 (6)0-3000 6.2 .20

0-4000 6.4 .22

SPECIFIC GRAVITY ABSORPTION.% Nooavg2.47 range0.24 avg range spec.5.6 3.1 (12)


1020 (3)

3000

.-"n 2000~U i

1000

\ \ \ \I I i !I I i ,I iJ 11I i I

I I I I! I I II ! I I I I !I J I II 1 I II I I! i I I I I II I I I !: I i I I I I I_l It I ,I I l i iI , I} I ! i : !I ,

I i

8900

SHEAR STRENGTH, TRIAXIAL, PSIPrincipal stress relationSl = 3.2 S3 + 12400 (15)Equation of :Vlohr's envelope

Y=0.6X+3400

500 1000 1500 TE~SILE STRE~GTH. PSIStra iri - \1illiunth~ avg range

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IU)CI\ DAT\ SUI\I\RYB R E C C i A

B as al t icP-6320

LOCATION & GEOLOGIC OCCCRRENCEThe NX cores were obtained from exploration drill holes at Koynadamsite, Bombay, India. The rock is representative of the DeccanPlateau area (Cretaceous-Eocene). Three rock types are found in thedamsite foundation. Tuff breccia overlies a vesicular basalt, whichis underlain by massive basalt.

PETROGRAPHIC DESCRIPTIONThe rock is soft, reddish gray, weathered, porous with angular tosubround fragments. The breccia has a nonuniform matrix composedof small laths of labradorite feldspar, grains of augite, palagonite,and altered glass. The rock has a fine-grained texture and is highlyweathered and altered, and contains a high proportion of glass and ashmaterial. Zeolites are significant as cavity and fracture fillings.Fragments are not in contact with each other and are variably cemented.Mixed quantities of hematite and montmorillonite occur between thefragments as aggregate masses. Abundance of clays has lowered thedensity of the rock.The rock is a basaltic breccia.

ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF ROCK CORE SA:\lPLESSTATIC MODULUS OF ELASTICITYstress range Secant E f . 1 . No.psi 106 psi spec.0-200 1.9 .050-400 1.9 .080-600 1.9 .10 (3)0-800 1.9 .11

SPECIFIC GRAVITY ABSORPTION,% Nooavg range avg range spec.2.01 0.62 16.5 10.7 (9)


2600 1200 (4)

I000 1--7-~-t-,... t - - + ' +-r+-+-++-l-+++-+-+--H/


2000 H--;---t-+++-1-+-+++-,-+-+-+-+1 _;IH-+-li Sl = 5.0 S3 + 2650 (9)~i Equation of Mohr's envelope

y = 0.9 X + 600 (9 )~ i I ! I ! I

/I I500 1000 1500 TE~SILE STRE~GTH. PSI

St r a in - Mi l lio nt h s avg210 range240 (4 )29

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C L A Y S T O N EP-5699

ROCK DA TA SC\l\IARYLOCATIO\' & GEOLOGIC OCCCRRE.\CEThe rock is from Palisades damsite on the Snake River in Idaho.Stratified sediments of sandstones, claystones, and siltstones occurat the site. Andesite outcrops in a large body on the left abutmentand disappears downward beneath the river.

PETROGRAPHIC DESCRIPTIO\'The rock is medium hard, buff to pink, friable, porous, and isweathered. It is composed of a calcareous montmorillonite claymatrix, surrounded by fine (greater than 0.01 mm), subround,separated grains of quartz, and of calcite. Iron oxide is presentin minor amounts.The rock is weathered claystone.

*NGINEERING PROPERTIES OF ROCK CORE S~UIPLESSTATIC MODULUS OF ELASTICITYstress range Secant E f J . No.psi 106 psi spec.

0-40 0.41 .040-60 0.41 .04 (8)0-80 0.41 .030-100 0.41 .03

SPECIFIC GRAVITY ABSORPTION,% No.avg2.20 range0.61 avg range spec.7.6 1.8 (2)


range1000 (5)

3000

~co .~. I Isn 2000~ I itil i I ,1

/000 ,i I I II

I _I--+-r500 1000 1500


S = 10.6 S + 14001 3 (16)Equation of :Ylohr's envelopey = 1.5 X + 220 (16)

TENSILE STRENGTH. PSIStr ain - \1illlonths avg range

"*Tested air dry31

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HOCK DATA ~l\l\I\RYC L A . Y S T O N ECalcareousP-5643

LOCATIO\ & : GEOLOGIC OCCTRRE\CEThe NX rock cores are from left abutment spillway site, Sanford Dam-site, Canadian River Project, Texas. Geologically, the site is withina subsidence basin in which the Alibates dolomite beds are downwarped.Overlying beds of silty shale and sandstone of the Quartermasterformation have been preserved within the basin.

PETR OG RA PHIC DESCRIPTIO\The rock is soft to firm, reddish brown, fine-grained, porous,moderately friable, and exhibits slickensides and shrinkage cracks.The rock is composed of very fine-grained vermiculite intimatelymixed with small amounts of iron oxide, montmorillonite and sericite.The specimens also contain moderate amounts of silt-sized particlesof quartz, feldspar, and chalcedony, and small amounts of dolomite,magnetite, chlorite, and illite. The material slakes rapidly inwater. Portions of the rock exhibit crude laminations which are nor-mal to the core axis. Rounded grains do not contact each other gen-erally, and are poorly cemented.The rock is a calcareous claystone.

ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF ROCK CORE SA\IPLES *SPECIFIC GRAVITY ABSORPTION,% No.TATIC MODULUS OF ELASTICITY

stress rangepsi0-250-500-75

Secant E106 psi0.040.040.03

avg1.8

avg22.0

rangeange spec.(1)o.spec.

(2)COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, PSI

Iavg270 (2)

range10II


S 1 ...4.2 S 3 + 230 (9); I Equation of :v1ohr's envelope

y = 0.8 X + 60 (9)i ,

TENSILE STRENGTH, PSI00 1000 1500Stra in - ~1i ll io nth s avg range

*Tested air dry33

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lWeI\. DAL\ :-,U\1\IARYC O N G L O M E R A T E

P-6303LOCATIO-" & GEOLOGIC OCCCRRE.\'CEThe NX rock core samples are from Flaming Gorge damsite, locatednorth of Vernal, Utah, on the Green River, near the Utah-Wyomingborder. The geologic occurrence is of the Uinta formation, whichis composed of interbedded quartzites, quartzose sandstones, andconglomerates. In addition, beds of shale and siltstone occurintermittently.

PE TROG H A PHIC DESCR IPTIONThe rock is hard, medium- to coarse-grained, and slightly altered.The rock is composed of quartz and orthoclase grains and pebblesin a matrix of fine-grained quartz particles cemented with silicaand hematite. The quartz and feldspar grains are angular to sub-round and are occasionally fractured. Cementing material consistsprimarily of secondary quartz with locally varying amounts ofhematite. Much of this cementing material occurs as solutioncontact between grains and as secondary intergrowths of individualgrains. These secondary intergrowths constitute a strong bondbetween the original sand grains. Grain sizes range from 0.13 to4.0 tnm.The rock is a conglomerate.

ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF ROCK CORE SAMPLESSTATIC MODULUS OF ELASTICITYstress range Secant E p. No.

psi 106 psi spec.0-500 1.7 .010-1000 2.0 .02 (10)0-1500 2.2 .030-2000 2.3 .05

SPECIFIC GRAVITY ABSORPTION,% No.avg range2.54 0.03


COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, PSIavg

12800range3600 (9)

100

I!1I

I I,1 II ; I , I

: I I1 1

1;'\ I \ i .; I I ,

I I I I1 I I! V , ! i "a !/ 1 , 1 1 I I, ,,/ I 'I I I I , ! I :/ i I "All I I ! I I I ,

SHEAR STRENGTH, TRIAXIALPrincipal stress relationSl = 10.5 S3 + 14000 (25)

3000'"0.

2000Equation of Mohr's envelopeY = 1.5 X + 2400 (25)

500 1000 1500TENSILE STRENGTH, PSI

avg rangeStrain - \1il1iunths 430 440 (10)

35

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ROCK DATA SUl\lARYC O N G L O M E R A T E

P-4504

LOCATION & GEOLOGIC OCCURRENCEThe BX samples are from McDowell damsite, Central Arizona Project,Arizona, and located approximately 28 miles northeast of Phoenix,Arizona, on the Salt River. The foundation rocks include Pre-cambrian granite and four overlying sedimentary series.

PETROGRAPHIC DESCRIPTIONThe samples are moderately hard, porous, and coarse-grained. Therock is composed of fragments of granite gneiss, quartz, orthoclase,microcline, epidote, and biotite, which are embedded in a matrix offine sand and silt size particles. The matrix is cemented by ironoxide and small amounts of a clay mineral. The granite gneiss frag-ments are usually deeply fractured. The rocks are generally penetratedby many healed fractures. Fractures are filled with white and clearcalcite intermixed with crushed angular silt-sized particles and somehematite. Biotite is slightly altered to chlorite. The rock fragmentsrange from 1 by 1 mm to 15 by 25 mm in size.The rock is a conglomerate.

ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF ROCK CORE SA\lPLESSPECIFIC GRAVITY ABSORPTION,% No,TATIC MODULUS OF ELASTICITY

stress rangepsi0-2000-3000-4000-500

avg avg range spec.angeSecant E106 psi0.210.180.170.17

No.spec. 2.47 3.6 (1)0.150.120.120.11

(2) COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, PSIavg range

3000~~!~!~~~~++~~+44-~i~i I, I

I 4400 2400 (3)III


51 = 1.7 53 + 4900 (8)I ! I I , II I i , I Equation of Mohr's envelope

Y = 0.3 X + 19001000 f - - , - - - - + - + - + . . . L . . . \ , - + - ! ~""""",,-t_+I+_-;-~,I (8)I II! 1TENSILE STRENGTH. PSI00 1000 1500

S tr ai n - \1i lli on th s avg range

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C O N G L O M E R A T EROCK DA TA SU:vnIARY CalcareousP-5669

LOCATION & GEOLOGIC OCCCRRE.\'CEThe NX and BX size samples are from Bhakra damsite, (BR-9), BhakraProject, East Punjab, India. The foundation rock includes varioussediments of the middle Miocene-Dagdsha series. The cores are fromDrill Holes 6 and 7A.

PETROGRAPHIC DESCRIPTIOT\The rock is hard, gray to green, and dense. The rock is composed oflarge fragments of limestone and silty and sandy limestones, which areembedded in the coarse-grained matrix. The limestone fragments arefine-grained and contain rare to moderate amounts of si1t-to-sand sizeof angular quartz grains with muscovite and biotite shreds. The matrixconsists of interlocking, angular-grained quartz, oligoclase and chert,with fragments of sericite and chlorite-schist, basalt, and shale.Platy particles of muscovite, biotite, and chlorite are also present.Calcite is common in the matrix and occurs between and around thegranular components. Matrix grains range from 0.08 to 0.50 mm in.diameter.The rock is a calcareous conglomerate.

ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF ROCK CORE SAMPLESSTATIC MODULUS OF ELASTICITYstress range Secant E fJ - No.psi 106 psi spec.

0-1000 6.7 .130-2000 6. 7 .14 (4)0-3000 6.7 .160-4000 6.7 .17

SPECIFIC GRAVITY ABSORPTION,% No,avg2.70

range0.01



3000~C-'r.~ 2000"U i

1000

J !I III i I I: I

I II I I I

I I I, I

I I iI L I Ij_ 'L I :i il I ;I I I.

A , ; -'- I! LI I

_} _ III I , :I I, , I 1

15300 3000 (2)


S = 8.1 S + 172001 3 (4)Equation of Mohr's envelope

Y = 2.5 X + 6000 (4)50 1000 1500 TENSILE STRENGTH, PSI

Strain - Mi l l io rit h s avg range

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o lO R I T EQuartzP-5823LOCATION & GEOLOGIC OCCTRRE?\CEThe BX samples are from the proposed Bridge Canyon damsite, locatedon the Colorado River about 2-1/2 miles below Bridge Canyon inMohave County, Arizona. Foundation rock at the site consists mainlyof gneisses, schists, amphibolites, and granites of Precambrian age,and sandstones of the Tapeats formation (Cambrian). Pegmatite dikescut the abutment at various angles.PETROGRAPHIC DESCRIPTIO:\The samples are hard, white with black, coarse-grained and massive.The rock is composed mainly of oligoclase and quartz, with lesseramounts of biotite, muscovite, apatite, zircon, and chlorite. Therock has a typical granitic texture. The plagioclase crystals aresubhedral to anhedral, and quartz present is always anhedral. Thequartz, however, is strained and slightly to moderately fractured.Oligoclase is slightly to moderately altered to sericite and cal-cite. The oligoclase crystals range from 1 by 2 up to 3 by 5 mrn insize. Quartz grains range from 0.3 to 2 mm in size. Boundariesof the grains are generally poorly interlocked. A few biotitecrystals are partially altered to chlorite.The rock is a quartz diorite.

ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF ROCK CORE SA~IPLESSPECIFIC GRAVITY ABSORPTION,% No,TATIC MODULUS OF ELASTICITY

stress rangepsi

0-10000-20000-30000-4000I

avg avg range spec.angeSecant E106 psi'6.26.77.17.4

No.spec. 0.15 0.4 0.2 (5).71.05.06.08.09

(2) COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, PSIavg

17200range2800 (2)I II

II I3000~~1~#/~~~~r+~~~~~

ISHEAR STRENGTH, TRIAXIAL, PSIPrincipal stress relationSl = 9.1 S3 + 12500

I I ; (5)I2000 i ' II I , I !! iI Li I

I ' I Equation of Mohr's envelopeY = 1.3 X + 2100 (5)

1 I !

TENSILE STRENGTH, PSI00 1000 1500St r a in - Mi ll ion t h s avg range

1190 (2)4041

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G N E I S SROCh OA To\' SUI\IARY Quartz-DioriteP-S740

LOCATION & GEOLOGIC OCCl'RRE",CEThe BX samples are from the proposed Bridge Canyon damsite, locatedon the Colorado River about 2-1/2 miles below Bridge Canyon in MohaveCounty, Arizona. Foundation rock at the site consists mainly ofgneisses, schists, amphibolites, and granites of Precambrian age,and sandstones of the Tapeats formation (Cambrian). Pegmatite dikescut the abutment at various angles.

PETROGRAPIIIC DESCRIPTIONThe rock is hard, gray and black, coarse-grained, nonporous, andslightly fractured. The rock is composed of subhedral crystals ofandesite with anhedral crystals of orthoclase and quartz. A smallamount of biotite is also present. Augen-like masses are common andenclosed by thin bands of biotite, and granular masses of garnet arescattered through the rock. Quartz is commonly strained and fractured.Most of the feldspar crystals are fresh with a few slightly tomoderately altered to sericite and calcite. Sericite-filled fracturespenetrate through the quartz and feldspar crystals.The rock is a quartz-diorite gneiss.

ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF ROCK CORE SA\IPLESSPECIFIC GRAVITY ABSORPTION,% No.TATIC MODULUS OF ELASTICITY

stress rangepsi0-10000-20000-30000-4000

Secant E106 psi9.08. 79.09.1

avg2.83 0.1 (9)

range0.09

avg range spec.No.spec. 0.2


avg range1900 (3)1800

'"o II

_ L L1 1 _ I I

SHEAR STRENGTH, TRIAXIAL, PSIPrincipal stress relation! I I

Sl = 6.5 S3 + 14600 (9):1 ! ' I Equation of :Vlohr's envelope

Y = 1.1 X + 2900J _

1000 r-+'_-!--t--J----il'"--t-I ++-'-:___'_++-~+-lI (9)

TENSILE STREN"GTl-!. PSI00 1000 1500St r a in ~ \1111il-'nths a\'ob rZinge1960 ( 3)90

43

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G R A N IT EP-5743{ { o e l \ . DATA SU,I\IA {{ Y

LOCATIO~ & GEO LO(;IC OCCTHRE.\CEThe BX samples are from the proposed Bridge Canyon damsite, locatedon the Colorado River about 2-1/2 miles below Bridge Canyon in MohaveCounty, Arizona. Foundation rock at the site consists mainly ofgneisses, schists, amphibolites, and granites of Precambrian age,and sandstones of the Tapeats formation (Cambrian). Pegmatite dikescut the abutment at various angles.

PETROGRAPHIC DESCRIPTIONThe rock is hard, speckled white, pink, and black, massive, andcoarse-grained. The rock is composed mainly of quartz, orthoclase,microcline, and oligoclase, with lesser amounts of biotite, muscovite,apatite, magnetite, and calcite. The quartz, orthoclase, and micro-cline grains are commonly anhedral, and most of the oligoclase grainsare subhedral. Between many of the large feldspar grains are biotiteand muscovite flakes and small grains of quartz and feldspar. Thequartz crystals are strained and the boundaries are sinuous and slightlynotched. Feldspars, with similar boundary conditions, contain sericite-f il le d f ra ct ur es .The rock is a granite.

ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF ROCK CORE SA'IPLES

STATIC MODULUS OF ELASTICITYstress range Secant E f. L No.psi 106 psi spec.0-1000 7.4 .060-2000 7.8 .08 (5)0-3000 8.0 .090-4000 8.1 .10

SPECIFIC GRAVITY ABSORPTION,% No.avg2.66 range0.06 avg0.1 range0.1 spec.(ls)


3000

~0.~-in 20000"ri l

1000

III !,, ! iI ~ I ,I I 1 !I I ,, J I : II I I , I II I~I : I I, Ir t= I ,I I i I iJ _ i ! , I I IJ : I , ! II I I I ,

L , : ,1 /1 I :

avg21000

range9600 (4)

SHEAR STRENGTH, TRIAXIAL, PSIPrincipal stress relationSl = 9.3 S3 + 24700 (14)Equation of :Vlohr's envelopeY = 1.4 X + 4100 (14)

500 1000 1500 TENSILE STRE~GTH. PSISt ra in - Mi lli on ths avg810 range280 (4)

45

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G R A N I T EP-5351J{OCh IL\L\ SUI\! :\RY

LOCA TIO\ & GE 0 LOG IC or C 1. R R E \C EThe samples are NX rock cores from Valencia County, New Mexico, inSec. 13, R 12 W, T 10 N. The samples are from random depths, andthe rock is in the Zuni Uplift. The investigation was performed incooperation with the Colorado School of Mines Research Foundation.

PETROGRAPHIC DESCRIPTIO\The rock is hard, light colored, coarse-grained, weathered, and massive.The main constituents are quartz and feldspar, and the minor constit-uents are biotite, sericite, calcite, chlorite, and clay. Quartz fillsthe interstices between the grains. The boundaries of the grains gen-erally are sinuous to straight and the grains are poorly interlocked.The feldspars are moderately altered to sericite and clay. Both quartzand feldspar show some fracturing. Quartz grains occasionally arecrushed and granulated. Biotite occurs as platy crystals and as alteredgrains scattered throughout the rock. The grain size ranges from 0.13to 1.45 mm i n d ia me te r.The rock is a granite.

ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF ROCK CORE SA:\lPLESSPECIFIC GRAVITY ABSORPTION,% No.T ATIC MODULUS OF ELASTICITY

stress rangepsi0-5000-10000-15000-2000

Secant E fJ. No.106 psi spec.0.9 .061.0 .06 (2)1.1 .071.1 .08

avg2.59 avg range spec.ange0.06 0.8 (2).4

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, PSIavg3700 (2)

range1400I

(3)

i .(2000~'_~++~~~-r~~,~~~~~I IA ;, I

SHEAR STRENGTH, TRIAXIAL, PSIPrincipal stress relationS1 = 5.4 S3 + 4900 (3)

i/ ,.;Equation of vlohrs envelope

Y = 0.9 X + 1100./ I! !

: 1500 ,000

Str ain - Millio nth s1500 TENSILE STRENGTH, PSI

avg range

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G R i \N I T EP-5352

ROCl\. DA TA SUI\IARYLOCATION & GEOLOGIC OCCLRRE~CEThe samples are NX rock cores from Valencia County, New Mexico, inSec 13, R 12 W, T 10 N. The samples are from random depths, andthe rock is in the Zuni Uplift. The investigation was performed incooperation with the Colorado School of Mines Research Foundation.

PETROGfL\PHIC DESCRIPTIONThe rock is hard, light colored, coarse-grained, and massive. The mainconstituents are quartz and alkali feldspars. Minor minerals includemica and calcite. Quartz and biotite occur as anhedral grains, andthe feldspars vary from subhedral to anhedral grains. Biotite shows agreat amount of deformation. The feldspars are somewhat fractured andcrushed. The presence of elongated biotite indicates deformation as aresult of pressures exerted by the quartz. Calcite and epidote arepresent in the interstices between the quartz grains. The grain sizeranges from 0.4 to 1.4 mm.The rock is a coarse-grained granite.

E~GINEERING PROPERTIES OF ROCK CORE S,BIPLESSTATIC MODULUS OF ELASTICITYstress range

psi0-5000-10000-15000-2000

SPECIFIC GRAVITY ABSORPTION,% No.avg avgange range spec.Secant E

106 psi11.811.111.111.4

No.spec .20.18.18.19


22400range5000 (2)

3000~~~~~-r++'_rr++l~i-r, +I~! I

Equation of Mohr's envelopeY = 1.0 X + 4800

I

SHEAR STRENGTH, TRIAXIAL, PSIPrincipal stress relationII! I

/(8)l = 6.0 S3 + 23600

,/ II I

I000 t-t---r~-'-- -1-+++,_~1 ++-,-+--+-+-1, I (8)/'

TENSILE STRENGTH. PSI00 1500000Str ain - ~1il[io nth s avg range

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G R A . Y W A C K EP-6331ROC h D\ T A S U \1\ I A R YLOCATIO~ & GEOLOGIC OCCCRRENCE

The NX and BX samples submitted are from Shihmen damsite at Shihmenon Takenkan Creek, 52 kilometers from Taipei, Taiwan. The rocks arefrom the Shihmen sandstones of the Nanking formation, which is of theMiocene age.

PETROG RA PHIC DESCRIPTIO:\'The rock is moderately hard, gray, fine-grained, and calcareous. Thesamples are composed primarily of angular to subround grains of quartz,chert, siltstone, chalcedony, feldspar, and calcite, in a fine-grainedmatrix. Grain size ranges from 0.04 to 0.15 mm. Quartz, and to alesser extent calcite and feldspar, dominate the large grain sizes andconstitute the major portion of the rock. The minor constituents,which occur primarily in the fine-grained material, consist of illite,chlorite, muscovite, biotite, and sericite. In trace amounts heavyminerals include magnetite, limonite, and tourmaline. The grains aregenerally well compacted and cemented with euhedral calcite and partlyby clay.The rock is a fine-grained graywacke.

ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF ROCK CORE SA:\IPLESSTATIC MODULUS OF ELASTICITY


SPECIFIC GRAVITY ABSORPTION,% No.

Secant E106 psi0.70.60.60.6

avg2.50

avg range spec.ange3.4 3.1 (9)o.spec. 0.19


range7300

avg8000 (11)

1


10001----~f-++-+-+-i-t-~--!I-+-+: ....:t-''+-+-+-1. . . . - ! " ' " 1

I I ' 51 = 7.9 S3 + 8400 (44)

Equation of :Vlohr's envelopeY = 1.2 X + 1500 (44)

~ i J I, :. . . . . . . . - t " " I I TENSILE STRENGTH. PSI00 1000 1500

Strain - Millionths avg range140 (9)90

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ROCK DATA SUI\JARYG R A Y W A C K E

P-6555LOCATION & GEOLOGIC OCCl]RRE~CEThe NX rock cores are from Devil Canyon damsite, located on theSusitna River, about 150 miles north of Anchorage in the TalkeetnaMountains, Alaska. The damsite is in an area of highly dippingstratified rocks, which have been subjected to folding, faulting,a nd m et am or ph is m.

PETROGRAPHIC DESCRIPTIONThe sample is hard, gray-brown, fine-grained, slightly weathered,and porous. The rock is composed of quartz, feldspar and biotite,with minor constituents including iron oxides, pyrite, and organicmaterial. The rock has been subjected to considerable intrusion bygranitic solutions. Irregular strata are visible in the hand spec-imens. The grains generally appear equigranular and subrounded.The grain size ranges from 0.02 to 0.17 mm, grains 0.03 mm indiameter being the most common. Interlocking grains of quartz andfeldspar constitute the main portion of the intruded rock.The rock is a graywacke.

ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF ROCK CORE SA\IPLESSTATIC MODULUS OF ELASTICITYstress range

psi0-10000-20000-30000-4000

SPECIFIC GRAVITY ABSORPTION,% No.avg avg

0.1 0.1 (3)range0.03

range spec.Secant E106 psi9.S10.09.910.0

No.spec. 2.77.15.17.17.1S

(3) COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, PSIavg32100

rangeSOOO (3)

I

: I. SHEAR STRENGTH, TRIAXIAL, PSIPrincipal stress relation

I 'I2000r+\~~-+~~+4~L+~~++~~I

i

1000~ ~~~~~~~~, -+~~II i I1/

Equation of Mohr's envelope

1500i ! TENSILE STRENGTH. PSI00 1000

St r a in - Mi l lio n t h s avg range240 (3)on55

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H O R N F E L SHornblendeP-5742

ROCK DA TA SUmlARYLOCATION & GEOLOGIC OCCURRENCEThe BX samples are from the proposed Bridge Canyon damsite, located onthe Colorado River about 2-1/2 miles below Bridge Canyon in MohaveCounty, Arizona. Foundation rock at the site consists mainly of gneisses,schists, amphibolites, and granites of Precambrian age, and sandstonesof the Tapeats formation (Cambrian). Pegmatite dikes cut the abutmentat various angles.

PETROGRAPHIC DESCRIPTIONThe rock is hard, black, medium-grained, and massive. Samples arecomposed primarily of subhedra1 to anhedral grains of hornblende.Biotite, diopside, and epidote occur in minor amounts. Thin fracturesare filled with magnetite, chlorite, and calcite. The hornblende andbiotite are commonly fresh; however, a few of the crystals are slightlyaltered to chlorite. Hornblende crystal boundaries are commonlystraight, with only a slight penetration of one crystal into another.Magnetite and some chlorite occur between the hornblende crystals. Therock fabric is generally mosaic. Hornblende ranges from 0.08 to0.23 mm in size.The rock is a hornblende hornfels.

ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF ROCK CORE SAMPLESSTATIC MODULUS OF ELASTICITYstress range Secant E M No.psi 106 psi spec.0-1000 13.4 .130-2000 13.5 .16 (2)0-3000 13.5 .170-4000 13.3 .18

SPECIFIC GRAVITY ABSORPTION, % N00avg range avg range spec.3.04 0.16 0.1 0.1 (3)


3000

'"0.'"'" 2000~ir:

1000

II i, i

! Ii I I! I I I, iII. I ., !I ! ,

I ,I I

J i i IJ! I II , III i i !

I ,I

avg19300

range(1)

SHEAR STRENGTH, TRIAXIAL, PSIPrincipal stress relationS - 6.3 S + 193001 3 (3)

Equation of Mohr+s envelopeY = 1.1 X + 3800 (3)

500 1000 1500 TENSILE STRENGTH. PSISt r u in ~ M'i i ion t h s avg2100

range(1)

57

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H O R N F E L SLime-SilicateP-6475ROCh DATA SU\L\lARY

LOCATION & GEOLOGIC OCCCRRENCEThe BX cores are from Bhumiphol damsite on the Ping River, 40 milesfrom Tak in northwest Thailand. The site lies in a wide band ofextremely hard rock which dips 850 SEe

PETROGRAPHIC DESCRIPTIONThe rock is hard, fine- to medium-grained, fresh, and dense. Samplesare composed primarily of quartz, calcite, and diopside. Irregulargrains of scapo1ite, zoisite, and biotite are scattered through therock. The rock is slightly absorptive and exhibits a mosaic texture.The color variations among the individual bands are actua1iy laminae.Cordierite occurs in the form of large crystals with many small inclu-sions. Zircon is found in minor quantities. Grain shape varies fromanhedral to euhedra1, and the major minerals are usually euhedra1.The rock is a lime-silicate hornfels.


stress rangepsi

0-10000-20000-30000-4000

Secant E106 psi8. 18.48. 68. 8

No.spec.avg2.82 avg0.3 spec.(6)

1

range0.4range0.32.15.17.18.19


11300range980 (4)

(10)

3000 : 1in

i J0-",- i .1n 2000~ J"iil

1000 v{1/'1I500

SHEAR STRENGTH, TRIAXIAL, PSIPrincipal stress relationSl = 13.1 S3 + 11900 (10)

i 'I I

Equation of Mohr's envelopeY = 1.7 X + 1600I I I

1000Str ai n - Millio nth s

i ' TENSILE STRENGTH. PSI500avg670

range61 0 (3)

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Li l V I E S T G N EArgillaceousP-5358ROCh DA TA ~l\I\lAr~Y

LOCATION & GEOLOGIC OCCLHRE\CEThe source of the samples is Hungry Horse damsite on the South Forkof the Flathead River, about 12 miles east of Co Lumb La Falls, }fontana.The foundation is within the Siyeh formation which is of Precambrianage. The rock cores are nominally 4-1/3 inches in diameter.

PETROGRAPHIC DESCRIPTIO\Samples are hard, dark gray, fine-grained, dense with many fractures.The rock is composed of very fine aggregate grains, both in the matrixand in the healed fractures. The major constituents are calcite,dolomite, and clay, with lesser amounts of quartz and carbonaceousmaterial. The healed fractures appear as whitish stringers windingalong the vertical axis of the core, in an irregular pattern. Therock exhibits a low percent of absorption, and is slightly weathered.Euhedral grains of quartz are scattered throughout the matrix and insome of the healed veins. Grain sizes in the matrix and the veins arecommonly 0.01 mm in diameter.The rock is an argillaceous limestone.

ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF ROCK CORE SA\IPLESSTATIC MODULUS OF ELASTICITY

stress range Secant E !J - No.psi 106 psi spec.0-400 6.0 .190-600 6.0 .18 (3)0-800 6. 1 .180-1000 6. 3 .18

SPECIFIC GRAVITY ABSORPTION;% No,avg range avg range spec.2.75 0.4 (1)


range5900 (4)

1000 t -t -j : : ~' ---1!-t-+-+-+-r-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-"'--+!"

I I iSHEAR STRENGTH, TRIAXIAL, PSIPrincipal stress relation

Sl = 9.9 S3 + 8900 (19)'" ,

l_ , L.

, Equation of Mohr's envelopey a 1.4 X + 1400 (19)!1/ I :

r r :500 1000 1500 TENSILE STRENGTH. PSIStrain - M'i l l io n t h s avg range

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Q U A R T Z I T EP-6318ROCK DATA SU1\L\RY

LOCA T IO .\' & G E OlOG IC OCCl;RR E.'.'CEThe samples are from the Flaming Gorge damsite, located north ofVernal, Utah, on the Green River, near the Utah-Wyoming border. Thegeological area is of the Unita formation, which is composed of inter-bedded quartzites, sandstones, and conglomerates. Intermittent bedsof shale and siltstone occur in varying thicknesses.

PETR OG RA PHIC DESCRIPTIO.\'The samples are hard, dense, and fine-grained. The rock is primarilycomposed of well sorted, fine-grained, sub round to round quartz grainswell cemented together with silicious materials. Mica, sericite, andamphibole occur in minor amounts. The quartz grain sizes range from0.17 to 0.2 mm. Hematite occurs as a cloudy dispersion in the cementand infrequently as filling materials in voids, with thin coatings onthe grains. The cementing material is mostly secondary quartz withlocally varying amounts of hematite; but a considerable amount occursas a solution contact between grains and as secondary intergrowths ofthe grains.The rock is a quartzite.

ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF ROCK CORE SA'IPLESSPECIFIC GRAVITY ABSORPTION, % NooTATIC MODULUS OF ELASTICITY

st\ess rangepsi0-10000-20000-30000-4000

Secant E106 psi2.73.03.43.7

I

No.spec.avg2.55 2.0 (11)

avg2.1

range0.13

range spec.

.05.07

.08.09(8) COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, PSI

avg21500

range8300 (10)

ISHEAR STRENGTH, TRIAXIAL, PSIPrincipal stress relation

Sl = 12.5 S3 + 18400 (26): 1 :

\ 'I ; I i" '~ 2ooo~i~I--r+~-r~+1--~~I_'~;~if. I t ! I

IOOO~--/+rr+~~++~~++~~~/

Equation of Mohr's envelopey = 1.6 X + 2600 (26)

I '

v500 1000

St r a in - M'i l l io n t h sTE~SILE STRENGTH. PSI500

avg range480 (9)00

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Q U A R T Z I T ESchistoseP-4658f{OCK DA L\ SUI\IARY

LOCATIO\ & GEO LOG IC O CCTRRE\'CEThe NX and BX samples are from Kosi damsite, Kosi Project, in Nepal,India. The rock at the site consists of quartzite from the Kosiseries, of Carboniferous age (Damuda).

PETR OG RA PHIC DESCRIPTIO\'The rock is hard, medium to dark gray, medium-grained, dense, andslightly fractured. Samples are composed of elongated subangular andsubround grains of quartz with small amounts of plagioclase feldsparand chalcedony in a hard, fine-grained matrix. The matrix of the rockis composed essentially of very fine grains of recrystallized quartz,with moderate amounts of sericite and chlorite. Also present are cal-cite, hornblende, and chalcedony. Quartz grains in the matrix arefrom 0.16 to 0.23 mm in diameter.The rock is a schistose quartzite.

ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF ROCK CORE SA\lPLESSTATIC MODULUS OF ELASTICITYstress range Secant E I J - No.psi 106 psi spec.

0-2000 9.4 .080-4000 9.0 .08 (6)0-6000 8. 9 .08

SPECIFIC GRAVITY ABSORPTION,% No.avg range avg range spec.2.60 0.1 (1)


I I II iavg31400

range19000 (3)

1000t-f+--+-+-+-,--+--"-+...,.....;1'--+-+-+_ .;.........-+-1I I i ! :HI, ' _ ' _ " ' _ - + - - + - - ' - - - ! ! !

I , j


I II Ii , ,I

3000 ! ! II I

i I Sl = 5.7 S3 + 26300 (8)~ Iii~ 2000 t---II-+-++-'--+-+-+1+-1--+-+-+-1-+--+-+-lril 'j_ i i :~/F-~++~~i~~I-+-i +1-+-+~';""""'-+-1

Equation of :\1ohr's envelopeY = 1.0 X + 5500 (8)

!. t i i 500 1000 1500 TENSILE STRENGTH, PSIStrain - Mi l l ion t b s avg range

65

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S A N D S T O N EP-40l2ROCK DATA SUl\lARY

LOCATIO\ & GEOLOGIC OCCURRENCEThe samples are from Coconino damsite, Coconino Project, Arizona, locatedon the Little Colorado River, 8 miles downstream from Cameron. Thefoundation is of Permian age, and includes Coconino formation sandstonesand Kaibab limestones. At the abutments the formations appear nearlyhorizontal and form steep walls.

PETROGRAPHIC DESCRIPTIONThe rock is medium hard, fine-grained, buff colored, mOderately porous,sandstone. The rock is composed principally of subround to subangularquartz grains with smaller amounts of plagioclase (oligoclase), chalced-ony, biotite, sericite, and hematite. Most of the plagioclase feldsparshave a dusty appearance due to moderate alteration. Sericite is foundin the interstices surrounding the quartz grains. The grains averageabout 0.15 m m in size. Small laminae about 0.10 m m in width and vary-ing from 1.5 to 30 mm in length cut across the core axis at an angleof from 10 to 20 degrees.The rock is a fine-grained sandstone.

ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF ROCK CORE SAMPLESSPECIFIC GRAVITY ABSORPTION,% NooTATIC MODULUS OF ELASTICITY


3000" '.;; _l" ' 2000~r; .

Secant E106 psi0.90.91.01.0

avg2.35 3.1 (2)

avg range spec,ange0.08 7.5


range900 (3)


S ~ 2.8 S + 137001 3 (16)

1000 I'". . . .r i I ,, V I).-1" , 1

500 1000 1500

Equation of Mohr's envelopeY = 0.5 X + 4600 (16)

, '. TENSILE STRENGTH. PSIStrain - Million ths avg range

67

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S A N D S T O N EP-5698ROCh DA TA SlW \IARY

LOCATIO.\ ' & GEOLOGIC OCCl'RRE.\CEThe specimens are BX cores from Palisades damsite on the Snake Riverin Idaho. Stratified sediments of sandstones, claystones, and silt-stones occur at the site. Andesite outcrops in a large body on theleft abutment and disappears downward beneath the river.

PETROGRAPHIC DESCRIPTIONThe specimens are medium hard, dark gray, massive to banded, andcalcareous. Rock specimens are composed of sedimentary rocks includingsandstones, siltstones, and claystones, which have been indurated, andsome of which have been partially recrystallized and/or fused. Grainsof sand are observed in an isotropic or fine-grained matrix consistingof fused and partially recrystallized material. Grain boundaries aresmooth and well cemented. Minute prisms of secondarily developedpyroxene are present. Voids are common and may be as large as 3.0 m min diameter, they are lined or sometimes partially filled with azeolite. The voids and zeolite and montmorillonite present have loweredthe density of the rock.The rock is a sandstone.


stress rangepsi0-4000-6000-8000-1000

Secant E106 psi5.3S.lS.lS.l

avg1.87 16.4 (1)

range avg range spec.No.spec.

.24.22.20.21(S) COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, PSI

avg4600

range420 (2)

I II000 H-[+I_~+-'--t--+~: _,i-,--+--+--_,_~

I! !

I I


Sl = 17.4 S3 + 6100I , II I

(8)I

iI i I j Equation of Mohrs envelope

y = 2.0 X + 730 (8)I i , ! TENSILE STRENGTH, PSI00 1000 1500

St r a in - ~1i! llunths avg range

69

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S A N D S T O N EP-4965ROCK DATA SDI\IARY

LOCA 1'10\ & GEOLOGIC OCCl'RRENCEThe specimens are NX cores from the Dakota formation, ValenciaCounty, New Mexico. In Sec. 6, R 9 W, T 8 N. The cores were takenfrom varying depths, and the work was a cooperative project with theColorado School of Mines Research Foundation.

PETROGRAPHIC DESCRIPTIONThe rock is medium hard, white, fine-grained, friable, massive, andquartzose. The samples are porous, and are weathered. The main con-stituent is quartz, with minor amounts of siltstone, feldspar, chalced-ony, and lesser amounts of iron oxide. Silica is the cementing materialat points of contact of the grains, which are angular to subround.Feldspar grains are partly altered to sericite and clay. Iron oxideoccurs as coatings on the quartz grains. Some quartz grains exhibitenlargement due to silicious growth at the boundaries. The size of thegrains ranges from 0.08 to 0.33 mm.The rock is a fine-grained sandstone.

ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF ROCK CORE SA\IPLESSTATIC MODULUS OF ELASTICITYstress range Secant E fJ - No.psi 106 psi spec.

0-300 0.44 .040-400 0.44 .04 (3)0-500 0.45 .050-600 0.46 .06

SPECIFIC GRAVITY ABSORPTION,% No.avg2.10

range avg9.5

range spec.(1)


range2200 (3)

3000~0.

I'" _l ,if. 2000~ I I~(jiI I


S - 8.2 S + 74001 3 (18)i I

I i Equ ation of :\1ohr's envelopeY = 1.3 X + 1300 (18)-- - i ',500 1000 1500 TE:-.ISILE STRENGTH. PSI

St r a in - M'i l l io n t b s range

71

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S A N D S T O N EP-6202ROCK DATA SDI\IARYLOCA TIO~ & GEOLOGIC OCCORRE~CESamples are from the Glen Canyon damsite on the Colorado River, 15 milesupstream from Lee's Ferry Junction. The sandstone is massive, and is ofthe Navajo formation, and is of Triassic age.

PETROGRAPHIC DESCRIPTIONThe rock is medium hard, fine- to medium-grained, porous and variablycemented. The samples are primarily composed of subangular to roundedgrains of quartz, smaller amounts of microcline, and very minor quan-tities of hematite and iron oxides, chalcedony, calcite, oligoclase,and sericite. Hematite and other iron oxides occur as coatings on thequartz and feldspar grains, and frequently as filling material in thevoids. The average grain size is 0.13 mm and ranges from 0.06 to 0.36 m I Din diameter. The grains are poorly to moderately cemented and are inpoint-to-point contact. The cementing material is primarily secondaryquartz, with minor amounts of hematite and chalcedony, and calcite.The rock is a sandstone.

ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF ROCK CORE SA!\lPLESSTATIC MODULUS OF ELASTICITYstress range Secant E f J - No.psi 106 psi spec.0-200 0.5 .070-400 0.5 .10 (129)0-600 0.6 .120-800 0.7 .14

SPECIFIC GRAVITY ABSORPTION,% No.avg range avg range spec.2.02 0.30 12.0 7.4 (109)


3000ena.'"" ' 2000t~

1000

I II

II

I I ; II I ;I I I J.. I Ii :I I , !i .....!' I ! I

~I I Ib-+--tI I l I I

3550 2050 (100)

SHEAR STRENGTH, TRIAXIAL, PSIPrincipal stress relations = 8.2 S + 30501 3 (150)

Equation of Mohr's envelopeY = l.3 X + 550 (150)

500 1000 1500 TENSILE STRENGTH. PSIStrain - M i!lionths range230 (32)

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ROCI\. DA TA SUl\lARYS A N D S T O N E

CalcareousP-40l4

LOCATION & GEOLOGIC OCCURRE.\CEThe samples are from Coconino damsite, Coconino Project, Arizona,located on the Little Colorado River, 8 miles downstream fromCameron. The foundation is of Permian age and includes Coconinoformation sandstones and Kaibab limestones. At the abutments, theformations appear nearly horizontal and form steep walls.

PETROGRAPHIC DESCRIPTIONThe rock is a hard, light gray, fine-grained, slightly porous sand-stone. The greater portion of the sample is composed of quartz andcalcite, with smaller amounts of orthoclase, microcline, plagioclase,sericite, biotite, and zircon. The grains average approximately0.08 m m in diameter. Chemical analysis indicates about 20 percentof the rock is acid soluble (mostly calcite).The rock is a calcareous sandstone.

ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF ROCK CORE SAMPLESSPECIFIC GRAVITY ABSORPTION,% NooTATIC MODULUS OF ELASTICITY


avg avg range spec,angeSecant E106 psi1.41.31.31.3

Noosp ec, 0.3 (3).45 6.3.06


range3600 (3)

'" .

1I


Sl = 2.1 S3 + 115001 1I i I (10)2000~,-~r+~:~,~++~~++~_1~

i II "

1000 t---7----+-r+--i>i.. .-'-/'++1+I-+--i-+~_~'./

Equation of Mohr's envelopeY = 0.4 X + 3900 (10)TENSILE STRENGTH, PSI00 1000 1500

St r ain - ~lil lionths avg range

75

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S A . N D S T O N ERO C!\. DA L\' SU I\IARY FerruginousP-5737

LOCATION & GE 0 LOG IC OCCTRR EI\CEThe BX samples are from the proposed Bridge Canyon damsite, locatedon the Colorado River about 2-1/2 miles below Bridge Canyon in MohaveCounty, Arizona. Foundation rock at the site consists mainly ofgneisses, schists, amphibolites, and granites of Precambrian age, andsandstones of the Tapeats formation (Cambrian). Pegmatite dikes cutthe abutments at various angles.

PETROGRAPHIC DESCRIPTIO\The rock is hard, dark red, with a few large white areas, medium-grained, porous, and massive. The samples are composed mainly of sub-round to subangular quartz grains. Microc1ine and oligoclase occur insmall amounts and are slightly weathered. Apatite occurs in some ofthe quartz grains as long, prismatic crystals. Some of the grains arein contact with each other, and a thin film of hematite occurs betweenmany of the grains. Very fine-grained quartz appears intermixed withhematite in the matrix. The predominant grain size ranges from 0.23to 0.46 rom in diameter.The rock is a ferruginous sandstone.

ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF ROCK CORE SA:V IPLESSPECIFIC GRAVITY ABSORPTION,% No.TATIC MODULUS OF ELASTICITY

stress rangepsi0-10000-20000-30000-4000

Secant E106 psi3.93.84.04.2

avg2.39 1.4 (5)avg range spec.ange0.27 3.0o.spec .02.04.04.06


range50 (2)

1 I I::

St r a in - \'1i11iGnth~; avg750 (1)

I III

V I

SHEAR STRENGTH, TRIAXIAL, PSIPrincipal stress relationl i 51 = 10.5 53 + 15200 (5)

IfI 1 Equation of Mohr's envelope

y = 1.5 X + 2300,I1/ : i I

(5)If I TENSILE STRENGTH, PSI00 1000 1500

range

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HOCK DATA SUHIARYS A N D S T O N EQuartziticP-6360

LOCATIO~ & GEOLOGIC OCCTRRE\CEThe NX rock core samples are from Flaming Gorge damsite, locatednorth of Vernal, Utah, on the Green River, near the Utah-Wyomingborder. The geologic occurrence is of the Uinta formation, composedof interbedded quartzites, quartzose sandstones and conglomerates.Beds of shales and siltstone occur intermittently in the abutment.

PETROGRAPHIC DESCRIPTIOi\'The samples are hard, dense, and medium-grained. The rock is primarilycomposed of well sorted, medium-grained, subround to round quartz grainswell cemented with silicious materials. Mica, sericite, and amphiboleoccur in minor amounts. The quartz grain sizes range from 0.06 to2.0 mm. Hematite occ urs as a cloudy dispersion in the cement and infre-quently as filling materials in voids, with thin coatings on the grains.The cementing material is mostly secondary quartz with locally varyingamounts of hematite. The rock is similar to the quartzite (P-63l8)except that it has slightly less cementing material.The rock is a quartzitic ferruginous sandstone.

ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF ROCK CORE SA'IPLESSTATIC MODULUS OF ELASTICITY SPECIFIC GRAVITY ABSORPTION,% No.stress range

psi0-5000-10000-15000-2000

Secant E106 psi1.82.02.32.5

avg2.54 range1.7avg2.1range0.10.03.05.06.08

No.spec .

(25) COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, PSIavg16400 range9200

TENSILE STRENGTH, PSI

I ,I Ii r

SHEAR STRENGTH, TRIAXIAL, PSIPrincipal stress relationS = 11.7 S + 189001 3Ii !II2oo0~~~~+i~fi~i ~~,~++~~~

I I 'I I,',/1 r r r r : Ir : I Equation of Mohr's envelope

y .. 1.6 X + 2800000 ~""_"---hf-+-~_.__~-+!_i-+-' ++...;......,_,....~V ! , " ,_, I !_1 I i ,

500 1000 1500Strain - Mi l lio nt h s avg470 range410

79

spec.(26)

(25)

(86)

(86)

(23)

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S C H I 5 TROCE DA TA SlJ\l\I:\.RY

HornblendeP-5684LOCATIO~ & GEOLOGIC OC(TRRE~CEThe BX core samples are from Swan Lake damsite, which is located onFalls Creek, 22 miles northeast of Ketchikan, Alaska. The core sampleswere obtained from Drift No. 1 on the left bank. The site is in aglaciated V-shaped valley bounded mainly by crystalline schists.

PE TROGR:\. PHIC DESCRIPTIO~The rock is hard, light to dark gray, medium grained, fractured, andschistose. The samples are composed mainly of anhedral quartz grains,which are moderately well interlocked and present a mosaic fabric. Alesser amount of hornblende crystals and large and small flakes ofbiotite are embedded within the quartz matrix. The hornblende, and tosome extent the biotite crystals, have their long dimensions in theplane of schistosity. Euhedral pyrope crystals 2 to 5 mm in diameterare abundant, and hornblende and biotite surround the pyrope crystals.The quartz grains range from 0.02 to 0.07 mm in size.The rock is a hornblende garnet biotite schist.

ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF ROCK CORE SAMPLES

STATIC MODULUS OF ELASTICITYstress range

psi0-10000-20000-30000-4000

Secant E106 psi5.85.65.65.7

.10.11.12.13IIII I II I I

i !i II Ii' i I

, , !

i !!1000 1500

Strain - Mi l lio rrt h s

SPECIFIC GRAVITY ABSORPTION,% No.No.spec.

avg2.89 0.0 (2)

avg range spec.ange0.02 0.1

(1) COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, PSIavg range18800 (1)



TENSILE STRENGTH, PSIavg800

range(1)

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ROCK DATA SUM\IARYS C H I S THornblendeP-5687

LOCATIO:\' & GEOLOGIC OCCURRENCEThe BX core samples are from Swan Lake damsite, which is locatedon Falls Creek, 22 miles northeast of Ketchikan, Alaska. The coresamples were obtained from Drift No. 1f the left bank. The siteis in a glaciated V-shaped valley bounded mainly by crystalline schists.

PETROGRAPHIC DESCRIPTIONThe rock is hard, slightly fractured, medium-grained, and schistose.The samples are composed mostly of quartz grains, some of which areslightly elongated in the plane of schistosity. Structurally, thequartz grains are arranged in bands alternating from fine- to medi~grain size. Hornblende crystals and shreds of biotite are embedded inthe quartz matrix within the schistosity plane. Garnet, magnetite, andpyrite are present in small amounts. Thin, white stringers of calciteand dolomite parallel the schistosity planes. Anhedral to euhedralcalcite crystals occur more abundantly in the coarse-grained laminae.The rock is a hornblende biotite schist.

ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF ROCK CORE SA:V IPLESSTATIC MODULUS OF ELASTICITYstress range Secant E J L No.psi 106 psi spec 0-1000 2.0 090-2000 2.2 .12 (2)0-3000 2.5 .150-4000 2.8 .17

1. 1

SPECIFIC GRAVITY ABSORPTION,% Nooavg2.73 range0.02 avg range0.4 0.3 spec.(3)

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, PSIavg

22800range

(1)

3000 I i SHEAR STRENGTH, TRIAXIAL, PSII Principal stress relation'"0.", ! , I I i Sl = 14.8 S3 + 24500 (3)'" 2000 1 i~ .rU ; !VI 11/ 1 , I Equation of Mohr's envelope1000 i1 I Y = 1.8 X+ 3200 (3)I/: I , I i ,_

A I I II . o A " i '500 1000 1500 TENSILE STRENGTH, PSIStr ain - Millionths avg range

83

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S H A L EP-5633

ROCK DA TA SU\I\IARYLOCATION & GEOLOGIC OCCURRE\CE

These 6-inch-diameter cores are from Marble Canyon damsite, Mile 39.5on the Colorado River, which is 39.5 miles downstream from Lee's Ferry,Arizona. The rock at the site is of the Mauv formation (Cambrian).

PETROGRAPHIC DESCRIPTIONThe rock is medium hard, greenish gray, fine-grained, and moderatelyabsorptive. Thin sections definitely show the presence of laminatedportions which are primarily composed of fine grains of quartz, calcite,dolomite, and illite. Smaller percentages of mica, orthoclase, andcarbonaceous matter are present. The grains are angular to platy. Therounded grains vary from point-to-point contact to no contact and are.poorly cemented. Upon immersion in water, the rock slakes slightly.It exhibits various degrees of fissility.The rock is a shale.

" *NGINEERING PROPERTIES OF ROCK CORE SAMPLESSTATIC MODULUS OF ELASTICITYstress range Secant E p . No.

psi 106 psi spec .0-200 3.4 090-400 3.2 .09 (5)0-600 3.1 .090-800 3.0 .09

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S H A L Ep - 6 3 1 6ROCK DATA SU\1\lARY

LOCATION & GEOLOGIC OCCURRENCEThe NX rock core samples are from Flaming Gorge damsite, located northof Vernal, Utah, on the Green River, near the Utah-Wyoming border.The geologic occurrence is of the Uinta formation, composed of inter-bedded quartzites, quartzose sandstones, and conglomerates. Beds ofshale and siltstone occur intermittently.

PETROGRAPHIC DESCRIPTIONThe rock is hard, red, dense, moderately absorptive, and slakes uponwetting. The major constituents are quartz with lesser quantities ofillite clay, fine mica, and hematite. A laminated structure is causedby streaks of hematite and mica alined in the bedding plane. Thematerial exhibits distinct lamination and bedding. The rock ismoderately thistled and cleaves along horizontal planes. Microscopicexamination indicates the rock does contain fine- to medium-grained,angular to subrounded quartz and a very fine-grained matrix. Theangular grains range from no contact to point-to-point contact andare generally well cemented with silica.The rock is a sandy, silty shale.

ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF ROCK CORE SA\lPLES *STATIC MODULUS OF ELASTICITY SPECIFIC GRAVITY ABSORPTIONz% No,avg range avg range spec.

2.46 0.22 4.8 3.6 (6)


5100 3400 (5)



TENSILE STRENGTH. PSISr r a in - Mi l j i n t h s avg range

30 (2)5*Tested air dry 87

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ROCK DATA SU\lMARYS I L T S T O N EP-5644

LOCATION & GEOLOGIC OCCURRENCEThe NX rock cores are from left abutment spillway site, Sanford Dam-site, Canadian River Project, Texas. Geologically, the site is withina subsidence basin in which the Alibates dolomite beds are downwarped.Overlying beds of silty shale and sandstone of the Quartermaster for-mation have been preserved within the basin.

PETROGRAPHIC DESCRIPTIONThe rock is firm to moderately hard, slieht1y friable, predominantlyred-brown, and highly porous. The major portion of the rock samplesis composed of subangu1ar to subround, silt-sized quartz particles.These are often arranged in crude laminations embedded in a mixtureof exceedingly fine-grained iron oxide compound, with vermiculiteand montmorillonite. When wet, the rock slakes slightly. Magnetitespresent have been altered to iron oxides, including hematite andlimonite. The silt particles, such as quartz and feldspar, average0.05 m m i n d ia me te r.The rock is classed as porous siltstone.

ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF ROCK CORE SAMPLES *STATIC MODULUS OF ELASTICITY

stress range Secant E fJ. No.psi 106 psi spec.0-50 0.11 .270-75 0.11 .27 (3)0-100 0.10 .280-125 0.10 .27

SPECIFIC GRAVITY ABSORPTION,% Nooavg2.17

range avg range spec.8.8 (1)


range100 (3)

3000

UCoUin 2000~"c ii

I !1000i i


S = 5.8 S + 6201 3 (8)

I I 1

Equation of Mohr's envelopeY = 1.0 X + 130 (8)500 1000 1500 TENSILE STRENGTH. PSI

Strain - Mil lionths avg range

*Tested air dry89

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S U B G R A Y W A C K EROCK DATA SUMMARY CalcareousP-5668

LOCATION & GEOLOGIC OCCURRENCEThe samples are from Bhakra damsite, the Bhakra Project, East Punjab,India. The formation includes sediments from the middle Miocene-D ag ds ha s er ie s.

PETROGRA PHIC DESCRIPTIONThe rock is hard, medium gray, medium-grained, dense, and containsshale fragments up to 8 mm in length. The samples are composedprimarily of subangu1ar to sub round particles of shale, chert, mica,schist, basalt, quartz, with orthoclase, microcline, and plagioclase.In minor amounts calcite, muscovite, biotite, and chlorite are present.The grains are well interlocked and the matrix is visible betweengrains. The matrix is composed of fine-grained quartz, chlorite, andsericite. The quartz fragments are more abundant than the feldspars,and of course, rock fragments are quite common. Calcite is presentin moderate amounts between grains. Most of the grains range from0.16 to 0.33 m m i n d ia me te r.The rock is a calcareous subgraywacke.

ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF ROCK CORE SA'IPLESSTATIC MODULUS OF ELASTICITY

stress range Secant E fJ - No.psi 106 psi spec 0-1000 3.5 020-2000 3.1 .03 (2)0-3000 3.1 .060-4000 3.0 .09

SPECIFIC GRAVITY ABSORPTION,% Nooavg2.67

range0.02

avg0.8

range spec.0.5 (5)


3000'"0.'"'" 20001 !U J

1000

V

I I /I

I /I

Vr I_L IIf1/ IIi iI I I I !

avg13200

range3900 (2)


Sl = 8.8 S3 + 13300 (7)Equation of Mohr's envelope

Y = 1.3 X + 2200 (7)500 1000 1500 TENSILE STRENGTH, PSI

Strain - Mi Llio nt h s avg700range250 (2 )

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ROCK DATA SDI\L\RYT U F FLithicP-4505

LOCA T IO ;\' & GEOLOGIC OCClTRRENCEThe rock source is McDowell damsite which is northeast of Phoenix,Arizona, on the Salt River, just below the Verde River. The foundationincludes Precambrian granites, and four sedimentary series. Thesegenerally consist of a red conglomerate phase, basalt, rhyolite tuff,and gray-brown conglomerate phases.

PETROGRAPHIC DESCRIPTIONThe samples are moderately hard, reddish-brown, fine-grained, andlaminated. The rock is composed of euhedral quartz, and feldsparcrystals altered to montmorillonite and fragments of granite gneiss,microperthite, plagioclase, and rhyolite. These are all embedded ina fine-grained matrix of montmorillonite and silt-size particles ofthe above minerals. Angular fragments of granite gneiss with otherminerals approximately 1 by 2 mm in size, are present. The feldsparphenocrysts have been altered to montmorillonite, and indicate shrink-age between the crystals and the groundmass in which they are embedded.The rock is an altered lithic tuff.

ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF ROCK CORE SA\lPLESSTATIC MODULUS OF ELASTICITY SPECIFIC GRAVITY ABSORPTION,% No.

avg range avg range spec.stress range Secant E fJ . No.

psi 106 psi spec.0-100 0.270-200 0.21 (3)0-300 0.170-400 0.16


range1200 (6)

3000

'"0.'" 2000:' :til

1000

SHEAR STRENGTH, TRIAXIAL, PSIPrincipal stress relationSl = 9.3 S3 + 2400 (9)

I I

Equation of Mohr's envelopey = 1.4 X + 400 (9)

500 1000 1500 TENSILE STRENGTH, PSIStr ain - Mil li on ths avg range

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APPENDIX

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Table 1

~:,(jC, Vf06~~;60,0.: : ; . : : ' o ~ ; ~~I"C ~J .c:

,l~U: jl~~ l );4NOO noaa .J1.J1

0.. 0 0, 0:~ 0, ; ~, DC.~or >. C.:;% 0, a, 0;"1.0.:. 0, 06~ .. 0 6 1 OC r

""')iJl'"1 " l~-Cl\ :1/11)~IO J Ji'~ ''7

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Table 2A MINERALOGIC ANDTEXTURAL CLASSIFICATIONOF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Prepared by R. C. Mielenz

Texture Essential constituent Definitive characteristic Petr-ozr-aohtc typelastic Volcan ic e jecta Fragments> 32 mm Agglomerate or(composed pr-edom inant ly brecciaof rock and mineral IPar rc es > 4 mm < j;lmm ap i I ugrains der ived by [Parhe es < 4 mm uweafhering and erosion . [Gravel [Ac~:~'!(~f~re:~e:~ > 4 mrn over 50 percent; [Cong omerateand deposited by water.wind, i ce, o r g ravity; IHOCkana mmera.l [Angular particles> 4 mm over;;-O-percem. IBrecclashowing varying degrees fr-agmerrta clay < 25percentof cementation or con- IHOCKr-agrnents ragments are greatly var-ied.solidation) and clay occasion ally exhibit facet- Loose Till

ing. high range of sizesusually unsorted ; matrixusual ly clay. sometimes Compact Tillitesand, usually greatly in ex-cess of fraJtf.nentsIsane iParTlcles < 4 mm.-_?-I/T6 mm over--slJ [Sanas one, quar- zffe,percent . c lay < 25percent ar~~~e. graywacke.sub r-aywacke

.Det.rIta.l grams of [Ca.Ic t e more than 50percent, clay :Limestonecalcite 50 percent l ine, compactnantly of coarse to fine of which Pine to rmc i-oc r-yatal l i ne, [Chalkor microcrystal line to calcite is porous, firm to friablecr-yptocr-yatajj ine ag- more than 50 'Spongy, porous,IlrmTo ITUTagrega tes of c rystals percent friable. fine to micro-precipi tated chemically crystallineor biochemically from ;compact to po rous. [Traver mesurface or subsurface banded , fin e to mfcr -o-;waters) crystalline

jaictte an cay rver- me-m-aine ; ca CI e 2:) a 75 percent IMar , mar stone:carnona es rCafbonates more "than 2S-percent. com- iCiiIicnepact to ear-thy: deposited bv ar-ound waterlJolomlte ICarbonate .>eu percent of Which dotornrte IDo omite> 50 per-cent: coarse to fine. comoact[Chalcedony [Chalcedony >25 percent, micr-ocrys al- [Cha cedonic chert

lin e to crypto crystalline; concho idalfractur e. comoact[cryptocrys arnne ICryptocrys aUine quar z , > eo percent [Novacu lt equartziChalcedony Chalcedony> 25 percent; fnaole to rr-m; Tnpoliearthy to porous[Crys arnne crystalline phosphates> 50 percent fPIlospilorltephosphates

IAnnyd r ne Anhydrite> ou percent ock a lh~ ritelypeum Iyp sum .bn cer-cent 1R0ck svnaiimIHa I e Ha ite > so percent IRock saIHemattte erna lte/ 5lIPercent f lIemafl te roC'l lIcrystallme hydrous [Hydrous a ummum oxides> 50 percent of [Bauxi ealum inum oxid es which> 50 percent are crystalline

Amorpnous [upa! [Opal> 50percent; ma .sa rve to-banaeil; [Opar. opiUme cnefl(composed predomi- compactnantly of noncrystalline [!'!pal? OUpercen ; porous, massive 0 I rceous smtersubstances precipitated laminatedor produced by chemical enos ite ' by geysers trjevser-Iteor biochemical action in [couopnane fAccumulated biro excremen rITuanosurface or ground water IAmorpr ous mosntiates > er-cen P os or- r eor within sediments by imom e IIDonl e> :;,upercent imom e, bo~ Iron aregeologic processes) [Amorphous hY'!rous [Hydr-ous a urmnurn oxides> 50 percent, 0 IBauxitea luminum oxides which> 50 percent are amorphous

[Hyc r-ocar-ocns [Solid fA-Spniilt, mmeral tar,Ililsonite, zrahamtte[Amorpnous car-non ibrcus Io spongy to compact; carbomzed ICoal (see be OW)olant remains < 50 per cent: black to brown[Oxygenated [He sInoua, var-ious Ugh' co ors [Amber-hYd~ocarbons

f\lOfragmentll! I\.:arcar-eous snens [Whole or f ragmental sneus >,,0 per-cenf [Coquma(composed of whole or and fr-aamentsfragmental remains of [DIatom tes s IDlatom tests.> OUpercent Diatomite.plants or animals) d iatomaceous earth

! Rad io.l.a.r-i.anes s [RadlOJanan tests> ,0 percent [Radio ar-It e , r-adiofar-ianearth

Forammuera tests Forammiferal tests> 50 percent Foramlnuera imestonIAlga struc ures IAlga stru ctures> 00 per cent lAlaa ime stoneora struc ures ora structures> eu percent ora nnestone[PhOSphatlc shells [phosphatic fossils >01) percent Phosphor-iteteeth , bones[Part lally or com- [Brown to black, spongy to compact, plan Peatpletely carbonized remains readily visibleplant remains IRrown 0 black, f ibrous to compacf , ILlgmteslakes readily[BTaCl

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Table 3A MINERALOGIC AND TEXTURAL CLASSIFICATIONOF METAMORPHIC ROCKS Prepared by R. C. Mielenz::;tructure J!;ssentlal cons 1uent De initive cnar ac er istic pe rograpmc tYl eCatac Iast ic Angular par ncrea > 'imm over :,U percent, Br-e cc ia(co-npo sed of in granulated or recrystallized matrixcr-ushed, sheared, Fractured and sneared, with par tta l re- Or igmat r-ocx narn e withbroken, and crystallization and development of new prefix "rn eta" asstrained, angular minerals .. but original texture, structure metasandstone, meta-fragments of and mineralogy_ largely preserved rhyolite, metatuff, etc.rocks and miner- Fragments of original rock Sheared intoals, usually with lenses and streaks surrounded by finelysome recrystal- granulated and recrystall ized material

lization) Crushed, sheared, Planar structure Original rock name withand granulated poorly developed prefix "flaser" asfragments of rocks naser-granite, f laser-and minerals conglomerate, etc.Planar structure F'Ia s e r+gne i swell developed Augen-gneissFragments of ongmal rock putve r iz ed to Mylomtemicroscopical or submicroscopical di-mensions .. or loca lly fused; partia lly r-e+crystall ized; massive to laminatedFISSIle; cryptocrystaume to rmcrocr-ysta r- ::;latel ine; partial ly recrystall ized; closelyspaced, well developed fractures cutacross bedding[F0llated Mic r-ocr-ystal l ine to fme gramed Phylllte(marked lamellar, Tabular and! or Fme to coarse gramed I Schistplicated, or planar prismatic mineralsstructure developedby tabular or pr i s -matic minerals inparallel orientation; Antigorite Fine to coarse grained; antigorite> 50 Serpentine, serpentinitecompletely or percentlargely recrystal-lized)~anded(composed of alter-nating fo liated and Tabular orgranular lenses, the prismatic and Fine to coarse grained Gneisslatter being con- granular mine

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