Reasoning Tricks

7/25/2019 Reasoning Tricks

1/23

FRIDAY, 3 JULY 2015

Banking Pathway 2015 : Reasoning (Statements and Courseof ActionSTEPS TO EVALUATE A COURSE OF ACTION

!f we ana"yse the #uestions asked in the e$aminations ti"" now% we can c"assify the #uestion into two&atterns or ty&es'!' he first &attern ta"ks of a &ro)"em and the suggested courses of action ta"k of a so"ution'!! he second &attern ta"ks of a situation or fact and the courses of actions are ways of im&ro*ing thatsituation'

Type 1. Probe! So"#$o% Re$o%!n this ty&e of &attern% the suggested course of action can )e fo""owed if'1 !t so"*es + reduces of minimise the &ro)"em2 the so"ution or course of action is &ractica""y Possi)"e'

Type II' F&(# ) I!pro*e!e%# Re$o%i' his &attern is so"*ed ,ust )y a&&"ying the same ru"es of

y&e !' -irst we ha*e to identify whether the fact or situation wi"" im&ro*e due to the course of actionmentioned' Second thing to do is to check whether the% course of action is &ractica""y &ossi)"e'./3 R4 -!3A 6/R3e*er a""ow our &ersona" &erce&tions to come into &"ay whi"e e*a"uating the suggested courses ofaction' 6e shou"d a"ways gi*e im&ortance to the way &u)"ic de&artments and systems function andwe shou"d acce&t them e*en if we don7t trust them' /ur decisions and *iews shou"d )e im&artia" andim&ersona"'

Apart from these things, you need to take care of the following points while doing these typeof questions :i. Remember that the course of action should always be positive. Just put yourself in asituation and take the decision right. You dont need to get carried away emotionally or in anykind of psychological feelings.

ii. !f the question is demanding to take any action against anyone, then try to search if he"sheis repeating the mistake or not because you cannot take decisions #ust after listening tocomplaints.iii. $ry to do all questions from this section, even if two of your answers are correct andsuppose three are wrong %out of five questions on course of action"statement&assumption',then also you will have positive (.)* marks.

+elow are the questions based on the tatement&-ourse of action :

D$re(#$o%+ ' I% e&( -"e+#$o% beo $+ /$*e% & +#e!e%# ooe by #o (o"r+e+ o &(#$o%%"!bere I &% II. A (o"r+e o &(#$o% $+ & +#ep or &!$%$+#r$*e e($+$o% #o be #&e% or$!pro*e!e%#, oo "p, or "r#er &(#$o% $% re/&r #o #e probe!, po$(y e#(. O% #e b&+$+ o#e $%or!$o% /$*e% $% #e +#e!e%#. Yo" &*e #o &++"!e e*ery#$%/ $% #e +#e!e%# #o be

#r"e, #e% e($e $( o #e #o /$*e% +"//e+#e (o"r+e+ o &(#$o% o/$(&y oo+ orp"r+"$%/.$*e &%+er'4& $ o%y I oo+4b $ o%y II oo+4( $ e$#er I or II oo+4 $ %e$#er I %or II oo+4e $ bo# I &% II oo

1. S#e!e%# ' Te $%!e+ o J&$ 6 &re *ery &%/ero"+ peope.Co"r+e+ o A(#$o% '! 8ore security &ersonne" shou"d )e de&"oyed to guard the 9ai"'!! Some inmates shou"d )e shifted to a different ,ai"'

2. S#e!e%# ' Poer +"ppy o% +#e 6 $+ #err$by poor.


2/23

Co"r+e+ o A(#$o% '! he concerned authorities shou"d immediate"y take measures to &rotect &ower theft' &i"ferage etc'!! he go*ernment shou"d )uy e$cess &ower from the neigh)oring states'

3. S#e!e%#' Te #ee%&/er &+ &rre+#e by #e po$(e or #&$%/ r"/+.Co"r+e+ o A(#$o% '

! he teenager shou"d )e meted with cor&ora" &unishment )y the &o"ice'!! he teenager shou"d )e sent to a drug reha)i"itation centre'

7 S#e!e%#' Corr"p#$o% &+ be(o!e r&!p&%# $% o"r +o($e#y.Co"r+e+ o A(#$o% '! A"" corru&t &ersons shou"d )e )rought to )ook'!! 6e shou"d a"" stri*e to make our society corru&tion free'

5 S#e!e%# ' Foo+ !&y (ree &*o( $% #e (o"%#ry #$+ ye&r #oo.Co"r+e+ o A(#$o% '! he .o*ernment shou"d )e on the a"ert to e*acuate f"oodaffected *ictims'!! Peo&"e shou"d not )e afraid of f"oods'

8 S#e!e%# ' Te S#e o*er%!e%# &+ e($e #o e(&re 9:&& A;&r9 &+ & %o#$$&be$+e&+e "%er #e Ep$e!$(+ A(#. 1 . F&!$y !e!ber+ or %e$/bo"r+ o #e p$e%# &re$&be #o be p"%$+e $% (&+e #ey o %o# $%or! #e +#e &"#or$#$e+.Co"r+e+ o A(#$o% '! fforts shou"d )e made to effecti*e"y im&"ement the Act'!! he cases of &unishment shou"d )e &ro&agated through mass media so that more &eo&"e )ecomeaware of the stern action'

> S#e!e%# ' E*ery ye&r, #e be/$%%$%/ or #e e% o #e !o%+oo%+, e &*e +o!e(&+e+ o (o%?"%(#$*$#$+, b"# #$+ ye&r $# +ee!+ #o be & !&?or ep$e!$( $#%e++e er %e&ryo"r ye&r+.Co"r+e+ o A(#$o% '! Precautionary measures shou"d )e taken after e*ery four years to check this e&idemic'

!! Peo&"e shou"d )e ad*ised to drink )oi"ed water during winter season'

= S#e!e%# ' A re(e%# +#"y +o+ # ($re% beo $*e $e $% #e ($#$e+ o #e e*eop$%/(o"%#r$e+ !&$%y o $&rroe& &% p&r&+$#$( $%#e+#$%& or!+.Co"r+e+ o A(#$o% '! .o*ernments of the de*e"o&ing countries shou"d take ade#uate measures to im&ro*e the hygienicconditions in the cities'ii Chi"dren )e"ow fi*e years in the cities of the de*e"o&ing countries need to )e )rought underconstant medication'


3/23

#e po$(e. "# #e r$/# &(#$o% $+ #o #&e $! #o & re&b$$#$o% (e%#re. Be%(e o%y II oo+.

7 o# I &% II &re *&/"e. I# &(+ +"b+#&%(e. No#$%/ (o%(re#e $+ be$%/ +&$ ere.

5 & I oo+ o(("r #$+ ye&r #oo, I $+ $ey #o y$e po+$#$*e re+"#+. II $+ & %e/$*e&ppro&(. e !"+# rer&$% ro! p&%$( b"# & ey e&r $+ e+$r&be.

8 e e% #e o*er%!e%# #&e+ +"( &% &(#$o% $# $+ %e(e++&ry # peope &re !&e &&re o#e (o%+e-"e%(e+ #ey o" &(e $ #ey o %o# obey #e $re(#$*e . Be%(e II oo+. I $+ob*$o"+.

> A/&$%+# &% ep$e!$(, pre(&"#$o%&ry !e&+"re+ +o" be #&e% e*ery ye&r &% %o# e*eryo"r ye&r+. Be%(e I oe+ %o# oo. II $+ %o# & pre*e%#$*e &(#$o% &/&$%+# (o%?"%(#$*$#$+. Be%(e II&+o oe+ %o# oo.

= & To $!pro*e #e y/$e%$( (o%$#$o%+ $+ &&y+ & e(o!e +#ep &% $% *$e o #e +#e!e%#$# be(o!e+ e*e% !ore %e(e++&ry. Be%(e, I "%-"e+#$o%&by oo+. "# II oe+ %o#. e +o"%o# !e$(e &%y ($ "%e++ e &+ &(#"&y (o%#r&(#e #e $+e&+e. Pre*e%#$o% $+ &r$/# b"# ("r$%/ +o" be/$% o%y er #e $+e&+e &+ bee% (o%#r&(#e.


4/23

E&!pe+'

1 P R G S H TA (i P < R (

(ii R @ P ( (5

B (i P < S (-(ii R < P (- (?

C (i R (-(ii R < (- (?

2 P G R G S T UK

A (i P @ S

(ii S

B (i R < (ii S < 4

C (i S < D(ii R < P

(i P R(ii S

(i P < (ii P S

- (i P D(ii 4 R

A%+er+'A (i

(ii - (1B (i -

(ii (2C (i -

(ii (2 (i -

(ii - (?

(i -(ii - (?

- (i -(ii - (?

3 @ N OG P : M LH O C

A (i 8 @ /

(ii 8 P

B (i E = 3

(ii 8 /


5/23

C (i P = E(ii P 8

(i 8 C(ii 3 < C

(i C < P(ii P C

- (i /(ii 8

A%+er+:A (i -

(ii -(?B (i

(ii (5C (i -

(ii -(?

(i -(ii -(?

(i -(ii -(?

- (i -(ii -(?

7T G P U L U: PH R

A (i E= R

(ii < R

B (i < 4 = P(ii R 4

C (i @ E(ii <

(i R < (ii R

(i 4 R(ii @ R

A%+er+'A (i

(ii (5B (i

(ii (5C (i

(ii (5 (i -

(ii - (? (i -

(ii - (?

5 AH CH F K G C D G E


6/23

A (i A = B < C

(ii = C = -

B (i A <

(ii @ B

C (i B < C(ii B @

? (i - < (ii - @

5 (i B @ C = -(ii = C < B

A%+er+'A (i -

(ii - (?B (i -

(ii - (?C (i -

(ii - (? (i -

(ii (2 (i -

(ii - (?

E$#er or (o%$#$o%

1S"b?e(# &% pre$(e o #e 2 (o%("+$o%+ +o" be +&!e 4!&y %o# be $% #e +&!e orer

2I%$*$"&y bo# (o%("+$o%+ +o" be &+e

3o# (o%("+$o%+ +o" (o*er !&$!"! +o"#$o%+ &((or$%/ #o #e /$*e% +#e!e%#.

5A H H C

A (i A < C(ii A C

B (i C @ A(ii C A

C (i C F A(ii A C

(i A < C(ii A @ C

(i A < C(ii A C

A%+er+'A (i -


7/23

(ii - (>2 (i -

(ii - (>> (i -

(ii - (?? (i -

(ii - (?5 (i -

(ii - (?

E(ep#$o%+ #o E$#er Or

8 P R G S

A (i P S(ii P= S

B (i P F S(ii S P

C (i 4 G(ii 4 = G

(i S


8/23

8!SS!/3 !BPS ;A8:Reasoning conce&ts and #uiHear readers%o&e a"" is we""II Continuing from yesterday7s B"ood Re"ationshi& #uiH% today we introduce to youanother of its mode" a"ong with few conce&ts' ho&e you en,oy so"*ing them''

No#e 1: CousinJs Chi"dren a"so 3iece+3e&hewNo#e 2: AuntJs us)and a"so 4nc"e and 4nc"eJs wife is Aunt'No#e 3: !f in #uestion &aterna" and materna" not mentioned% then assume &aterna" side'No#e 7'8a"e re&resented )y K%-ema"e re&resented )y %us)andwife re"ationshi& re&resented )y a dash sign (LSi)"ing re"ationshi& re&resented )y( sign'

@oe 3

.1. I% & &!$y #ere &re > per+o%+ &% #ere &re 2 !&rr$e (o"pe+ $% #$+ &!$yA $+ #e er o E $+ #e &"/#er o D &% /r&% D&"/#er o C.


9/23

E $+ #e +$+#er o F, o $+ bro#er o .

4I o $+ #e &"/#er $% & o #e &!$y(1 (2 .(> C

(? B(5 C'

4II Bo !&%y !&e !e!ber+ &re #ere(1 2(2 >(> ?(? 3one of the a)o*e(5 Cant )e determined

4III Bo !&%y e!&e !e!ber &re #ere(1 2(2 >

(> 1(? 3one of the a)o*e(5 Cant )e determined

4IV Bo $+ ree #o C(1 6ife(2 us)and(> Sister(? S&ouse(5 Cant )e determined

4VI C $+ & !&e #e% o $+ ree #o A(1 6ife

(2 8other in "aw(> 8other(? 3one of the a)o*e(5 Cant )e determined

.2.C $+ #e +$+#er o FB is the )rother of Js hus)and is the father of A and .rand father of -here are 2 father% > )rothers% 1 8other% 1 daughter in "aw in that fami"y

41 Bo !&%y !&e !e!ber+ $% #e &!$y(1 2(2 >

(> ?(? 5(5 3one of the a)o*e

4II Bo $+ F ree #o E(1 us)and(2 Son(> aughter(? .rand son(5 3one of the a)o*e

4III Bo $+ D ree #o E(1 -ather

(2 Brother(> -ather in "aw


10/23

(? 3one of the a)o*e(5 Cant )e determined

4IV o &re #e /ro"p o bro#er+(1 A(2 -B

(> B(? AB(5 3one of these

4V Bo $+ E+ bro#er $% & ree #o C(1 Aunt(2 Brother(> -ather(? 4nc"e(5 Cant )e determined

Answers('

!' (!!' * !!!' * !' /' ) %as assuming paternal side'


11/23

2I 3II 2

III 3IV 7V 7


12/23

8ission !BPS : Sy""ogisms Conce&tsSYLLOIS@S NOTES AND CONCEPTS'

Beo re&er+, +$%(e +o!e o yo" &(e probe! $% +o*$%/ +yo/$+!+, ere &re & #e (o%(ep#+# yo" $ %ee $% +o*$%/ &%y #ype o -"e+#$o%. To!orro &% &++$/%!e%# o% +yo/$+!+ $be p"# "p. So "%er+#&% &% pr&(#$(e.

7 Type+ o S#e!e%#+&U%$*er+& S#e!e%#+ 4A Type S#e!e%#+

1U%$*er+& A$r!$*eQPo+$#$*ei'e' A"" AJs are BJs

3ote: Con*erse A"" BJs Are AJs is a Possi)i"ity

2U%$*er+& Ne/$*e ' A A+ &re %o#

Con*erse A"" BJs are not A

bP&r#$("&r S#e!e%#+3P&r#$("&r A$r!$*eQPo+$#$*e

Some AJs are BJs


13/23

Con*erse : Some BJs are AJs

7P&r#$("&r Ne/$*e

Some AJs Are 3ot B

Con*erse : Some BJs are not A is a &ossi)i"ity

earn the fo""owing ta)"es with "ogic:

/ther names of a""% some% A"" not M &ossi)i"ities

I!por#&%#No#e')1'N/n"y A are BO means NA"" BJs are AJsO i'e' su),ect and &redicate change2'NA"" AJs are definite"yO means NA"" AJs are BJsO>'N3one )ut A is BO means /n"y A is B which in turn means NA"" BJs are AJsO


14/23

?' A is B means a"" A is B'

!n each #uestion there are fi*e o&tions a*ai"a)"e% "earn these )y heart )ut not necessari"y in the sameorder'1 on"y answer 1 is true2on"y answer 2 is true

> either 1 or 2 is true? neither 1 nor 2 is true5 )oth 1 and 2 are true'T$+ +e-"e%(e $ be "+e $% #e beo -"e+#$o%+...+o o %o# /e# (o%"+e $ %"!ber+1,2,3,7,5 &re "+e $% p&(e o &%+er'

EITBER OR CONCLUSIONS(est'Some AJs are BJsSome BJs are CJs

Co%("+$o%+ '

Case (1(a 3o A is C (-() Some AJs are CJs (- (>

No#e : ere )oth statements are fa"se as from the diagram nothing definite can )e known a)out

re"ation )+w A and C had the word &ossi)i"ity added to the statements then they wou"d ha*e )een true'Case (2(a 3o A is C is a &ossi)i"ity (() Some As are CJs (- (1

Case (>(a 3o A is C (- (2() Some AJs are CJs is a &ossi)i"ity ( (2

Case (?(a 3o A is C is a &ossi)i"ity (() Some AJs are CJs N N ( (5

Co%$#$o%+ o E$#er Or '(1 Su),ect Predicate shou"d )e same in )oth statements(2 Com&"imentary &airs i'e' one shou"d )e &ositi*e and one shou"d )e negati*e(> 8a$imum &ossi)i"ity i'e' ma$imum diagrams &ossi)i"ity shou"d )e co*ered(? !ndi*idua""y )oth fa"se(5 re"ation )etween su),ect and &redicate shou"d not )e c"ear'(Q ither or condition not a&&"ica)"e )etween A"" and no ty&e sentences'i'e' A"" AJs are CJs (-

3o AJs are CJs (- then it is (? and not (>

But !f it is:A"" AJs are CJsSome AJs are not CJs (- the ans is (>

/RBut if it is:


15/23

3o AJs are CJsSome AJs are not CJs then ans is (?his is a&&"ica)"e )etween a"" M some statements

3ote: 3o C is A can a"so )e written as no A is C'Simi"ar"y some A is C some C is A'

So su),ect is e#ua" to &redicate'

ANOTBER @ETBOD FOR SOLVIN SYLLOIS@S '(3ote : if method 1 is c"ear then you do notneed this )ut ne*er the "ess go through as it he"&s in c"earing the conce&ts

R4 8/ ( "earn )y heart theseR"e 1.A"" K are A""$' A"" AJs are BJsA"" BJs are CJs

R"e 2.Some K A"" some

$' Some AJs Are BJsA"" BJs Are CJsSome AJs are CJs

R"e 3'A"" K Some no definite conc"usion$' A"" AJs are BJsSome BJs are CJsRe"ationshi& )etween A and C is a &ossi)i"ity

R"e 7.Some K Some 3o definite conc"usionRu"e 5' Some K 3o Some not (forward i'e' A to C

$' Some AJs are BJs3o BJs are CJsSome AJs are not CJs

R"e 8'3o K Some Some not ()ack words i'e' C to A$' 3o AJs are BJsSome BJs are CJsSome CJs are not A

R"e >.3o K 3o no definite conc"usion$' 3o AJs are BJs


16/23

3o BJs are CJs

Re"ation )etween is a &ossi)i"ities

R"e =.Some not K Some not no definite conc"usion (3C$' Some AJs are not BSome BJs are not C

R"e


17/23

(2(a () -(1

(>(a -

() -(?

(?(a () (5

(5(a -() (2

(Q(a -() -(>

('A"" B"ue are Pink 3o Pink is /range /n"y B"ue are 6hite Some Pens are Bo$es 3o Bo$es are Sca"es

3ote :6hene*er there are diagrams without re"ation then a"" statements whether &ositi*e or negati*eha*e to )e with &ossi)i"ity'

(1 Some Pink are 6hite(2 ach /range cannot )e 6hite(> Some B"ue are Pens

(? Some Bo$es are &ens as we"" as Sca"es(5 3o /range is Sca"es(Q /n"y Bo$es can )e Pens( 3o 6hite is /range(T 0 /range may )e B"ue(U Some Sca"es may )e B"ue M 6hite(10 A"" Pink B"ue M 6hite M Bo$es )eing Sca"es is a &ossi)i"ity(11 A"" Sca"es Pens M /range )eing 6hite is a &ossi)i"ity(12 A"most /range M Pink can )e a com)ination &art of &ens M Bo$es

Ans' (1 % (2 -% (> -% (? -% (5 -% (Q % ( % (T -% (U % (10 -% (11 -% (12 SUNDAY, 31 @AY 2015

Sy""ogism at its )est Part !! (RePost0ello Readers,

1n the account of upcoming +! 21 34am )5(*, we are digging out some of the best post of+ankersAdda. 1n last unday, we shared a post with you named as 6yllogism at its best6,which was contributed by 2iscine 7olitor. 0ere, we are re&posting the 2art & !! of it. 0ope youall like it88

Reca"" the pre*$o"+ &r#$(ein which we had studied these )asic things:

A statement has many conc"usions (cases

And thus% so many diagrams are &ossi)"eII
http://www.bankersadda.com/2014/09/syllogism-at-its-best.htmlhttp://www.bankersadda.com/2014/09/syllogism-at-its-best.htmlhttp://www.bankersadda.com/2014/09/syllogism-at-its-best.html


18/23

!n &ossi)i"ity #uestions% the e$aminer asks if there e$ists any such case (diagram where thisconc"usion is *a"id' So% you ,o) is to find out this case' !f there e$ists at "east one such case% then theconc"usion ho"ds true' !f not% then the conc"usion is fa"se' As sim&"e as thatI

Eee&ing this and a"so the &re*ious Sy""ogism Post in mind% "etJs so"*e some &ossi)i"ity #uestions'

Abbre*$$o%+ # I "+e'&+$( D$&/r&! M D@o$$e D$&/r&! M @D

"e+#$o% 1'

S#e!e%#+'A' A"" f"owers are treesB' Some trees are housesC' A"" houses are whee"s

etJs first make a B according to these statements'

Co%("+$o%+'1' At "east some whee"s are trees2' Some trees are f"owers>' A"" whee"s are f"ower is a &ossi)i"ity

3ow% see the B%Conc"usion 1 c"ear"y fo""ows'Conc"usion 2 a"so c"ear"y fo""ows'But% what a)out Conc"usion >V

etJs make a 8 and see if it fo""ows or notI

!n the 8% we can c"ear"y see that a"" the statements are sti"" *a"id% and Conc"usion > a"so is fo""owing'So% Conc"usion > fo""ows'

1V -o""ows


19/23

2V -o""ows

>V -o""ows

4nderstoodV

etJs now so"*e another #uestionI

"e+#$o% 2'

S#e!e%#+'A' Some desks are chairsB' Some chairs are &ensC' Some &ens are drawers

-irst% make a B according to these statements'

Co%("+$o%+'1' At "east some drawers are desks2' here is a &ossi)i"ity a"" drawers are chairs>' 3o drawer is a chair

3ow% see the BConc"usion 1 c"ear"y doesnJt fo""ow'

But% what a)out Conc"usion 2V

etJs make a 8

See the 8% Conc"usion 2 fo""ows in it'

And if there is a &ossi)i"ity that A"" drawers are chairs% then how cou"d 3o drawer is a chair fo""owVSo% Conc"usion > wi"" not fo""owI

1V oesnJt fo""ows

2V -o""ows


20/23

>V oesnJt fo""ows

4nderstoodV

etJs so"*e another oneI

"e+#$o% 3'

S#e!e%#+'A' A"" &o"iticians are corru&t

B' Some &o"iticians are honestC' 3o "eader is honest


Co%("+$o%+'1' Some &o"iticians are not "eader2' A"" honest )eing corru&t is a &ossi)i"ity

>' Some "eaders are not corru&t

3ow% see the B%Some &o"iticians% which are honest (Red Portion% cannot )e"eaders'So% Conc"usion 1 c"ear"y fo""ows'


etJs make a 8'

See the 8% Conc"usion 2 c"ear"y fo""owsI

6hat a)out conc"usion >V


21/23

etJs make another 8'

See the "ast diagram% A"" "eaders are corru&t cou"d )e a &ossi)i"ityI So% Conc"usion > doesnJt fo""ow'

1V -o""ows

2V -o""ows

>V oesnJt fo""ows

4nderstoodV

"e+#$o% 7'

S#e!e%#+'A' Some &eo&"e are inte""igentB' A"" inte""igent are honestC' 3o inte""igent is smart


Co%("+$o%+'1' Some honest are not smart2' A"" &eo&"e )eing honest is a &ossi)i"ity>' Some honest are &eo&"e

3ow% see the B%Some honest% which are inte""igent (Red Portion% cannot )e smart'So% Conc"usion 1 fo""ows'


etJs make a 8'

See the 8% Conc"usion 2 c"ear"y fo""ows'


22/23

Conc"usion > a"so fo""ows'

1V -o""ows

2V -o""ows

>V -o""ows

4nderstoodV

"e+#$o% 5'

S#e!e%#+'A' Some writers are &oetsB' A"" &oets are singersC' 8any singers are actors' 3o singer is a dancer


Co%("+$o%+'1' Some writers are singers2' Some actors are not dancers>' A"" &oets )eing actor is a &ossi)i"ity?' 3o &oet is a dancer

See the B%Conc"usion 1 c"ear"y fo""ows'

A"so% some actors% which are singers (Red Portion% cannot )e dancers'So% Conc"usion 2 a"so fo""ows'

But% what a)out Conc"usion >V


23/23

etJs make a 8'

See the 8%Conc"usion > c"ear"y fo""ows'

A"so% since no singer is a dancer% so% no &oet is a dancer'ence% Conc"usion ? is a"so fo""owingI

1V -o""ows

2V -o""ows

>V -o""ows

?V -o""ows

4nderstoodV

PS' Try re)o$%/ #e+e -"e+#$o%+ &/&$% $ yo" +#$ ee (o%"+e. Co%"+$o%+ $ be (e&r #$+&y

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Reasoning Tricks