Reality As an Experiential Whole Only Containing Experiential Features

7/21/2019 Reality As an Experiential Whole Only Containing Experiential Features

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WMKLWJ] OFBBFI

_HFBMW] FP FI HZQH_MHIWMFB UJLBHLIB] @LIWFMIMIE HZQH_MHIWMFB DHFWX_HP

Mi tjms pfphr, ky elfb ms tl prhshit f pm`turh ld rhfbmty sjlwmie mt tl oh "fi hxphrmhitmfb wjlbh liby

`litfmimie hxphrmhitmfb dhfturhs", m.h., f smieubfr wjlbh tjft ms ili-pjysm`fb `lis`mlus hxphrmhi`h fig tjft

bf`ns fiy gmspfrfth pfrts. Ky vmhw ld rhfbmty kft`jhs `blshby wmtj slkh vhrsmlis ld " pfipsy`jmsk", f

ehihrfb vmhw tjft shhs kmig fs f duigfkhitfb dhfturh ld rhfbmty hxmstmie tjrluejlut tjh uimvhrsh (Phfehr

fig Phfi ?160). Wl jhbp prhshit ky pm`turh ld rhfbmty's lvhrfbb dlrk, M wmbb ghtfmb fig ghdhig tjrhh

supplrtmie stfthg ohbmhds fig tjhi gmspbfy jlw tjhy supplrt ky ohbmhd folut rhfbmty. M wmbb tjhi `li`bugh

tjms pfphr oy prhshitmie tjrhh qufsm-kystm`fb mkpbm`ftmlis.

6. Dmvh Ofsm` Fssukptmlis

Ohdlrh M sht ldd li ftthkptmie tl prhshit ky ohbmhd tjft rhfbmty ms "fi hxphrmhitmfb wjlbh liby `litfmimie

hxphrmhitmfb dhfturhs", M wmbb ilth dmvh ofsm̀ fssukptmlis tjft M'bb oh kfnmie tjrluejlut tjms pmh`h. Wjh

dmrst fssukptmli M wmbb ilth `li`hris jlw M `li`hmvh ld "suoch`tmvh `lidmghi`h", tjh sh`lig `li`hris

wjft M shh fs tjh uijhfbtjmihss ld dubb suoch`tmvh `lidmghi`h mi fiy ohbmhds, tjh tjmrg `li`hris jlw M

`li`hmvh ld "trutj", tjh dlurtj `li`hris jlw M `li`hmvh ld "`lis`mlusihss" fig "hxphrmhi`h", fig tjh

dmdtj `li`hris jlw M `li`hmvh ld "kyshbd". Iltmie tjhsh dmvh fssukptmlis ld kmih wmbb jhbp tjh rhfghr

kfnh shish ld ky wrmtmie fs whbb fs ld ky prhshitftmli ld ky ohbmhd folut rhfbmty's lvhrfbb dlrk.

Mi thrks ld ky fssukptmlis folut "suoch`tmvh `lidmghi`h" fig tjh uijhfbtjmihss ld dubb suoch`tmvh

`lidmghi`h mi fiy ohbmhds, iltmie tjhsh fssukptmlis wmbb jhbp tjh rhfghr uighrstfig ky rftmlifbh dlr tjh

kfrnhgby suoch`tmvh tlih ky wrmtmie tfnhs (wjhrh, dlr hxfkpbh, M kfnh ehihrlus ush ld wlrgs bmnh

"shhks"). Fig, mi thrks ld ky fssukptmlis folut "trutj", "`lis`mlusihss" fig "hxphrmhi`h", fig

"kyshbd", iltmie tjhsh fssukptmlis wmbb jhbp tjh rhfghr kfnh shish ld sph`mdm` ohbmhds tjft M wmbb prhshit

rhbfthg tl tjh tlpm`s ld "trutj", "`lis`mlusihss" fig "hxphrmhi`h", fig "shbd".

6.6. "Puoch`tmvh @lidmghi`h"

Mi thrks ld ky fssukptmli folut "suoch`tmvh `lidmghi`h", tl kh, gherhhs ld suoch`tmvh `lidmghi`h wlubg

smkpby oh jlw bmnhby f emvhi ohbmhd shhks tl slkhlih. Fig, tl kh, gherhhs ld suoch`tmvh `lidmghi`h

wlubg shhk tl frmsh upli fsshssmie jlw `bhfrby fi hithrtfmihg lr fbrhfgy-jhbg ohbmhd `fi oh mkfemihg fs

truh vhrsus uitruh mi lih's lwi jhfg. Pl, dlr f ohbmhd ld rhbftmvhby blw "suoch`tmvh `lidmghi`h", dlr

hxfkpbh, tjh ohbmhd wlubg oh klrh `bhfrby mkfemihg fs uitruh lvhr truh. Dlr f ohbmhd wmtj klghrfthsuoch`tmvh `lidmghi`h, tjh ohbmhd wlubg oh hqufbby `bhfrby mkfemihg fs truh lr uitruh. Fig, dlr f ohbmhd

wmtj rhbftmvhby jmej suoch`tmvh `lidmghi`h, tjh ohbmhd wlubg oh klrh `bhfrby mkfemihg fs truh lvhr uitruh.

Mi thrks ld fbrhfgy-jhbg ohbmhds, mt shhks tl kh tjft jmejhr tjfi ilt gherhhs ld suoch`tmvh

`lidmghi`h wlubg midbuhi`h tjh strhietj wmtj wjm`j f ohbmhd `fi oh rhdhrhi`hg mi tjh `rhftmli ld ihw

ohbmhds, fig blwhr tjfi ilt gherhhs wlubg shhk tl midbuhi`h tjh gms`frgmie ld tjh ohbmhd. Mi thrks ld

hithrtfmihg ohbmhds, li tjh ltjhr jfig, jmejhr tjfi ilt gherhhs ld suoch`tmvh `lidmghi`h wlubg shhk tl

midbuhi`h tjh fglptmie ld tjh hithrtfmihg ohbmhd, fig blwhr tjfi ilt gherhhs wlubg shhk tl midbuhi`h tjh



gms`frgmie ld tjh hithrtfmihg ohbmhd. Fig, hmtjhr mi thrks ld ohbmhds fglpthg lr rhfddmrkhg, wjhi ltjhr

ohbmhds frh `rhfthg lut ld hxmstmie ohbmhds, mt shhks tjft ohbmhds wmtj jmejhr suoch`tmvh `lidmghi`h `fi oh

rhdhrhi`hg klrh strlieby tjfi ohbmhds ld blwhr suoch`tmvh `lidmghi`h.

6.? Wjh Xijhfbtjmihss ld Dubb Puoch`tmvh @lidmghi`h mi Fiy Ohbmhds

Wl kh, dubb suoch`tmvh `lidmghi`h mi f ohbmhd wlubg fbwfys shhk uijhfbtjy. Mt wlubg fbwfys shhkuijhfbtjy tl kh oh`fush mt wlubg fbwfys shhk rmsny fig hvhi ldthi gfkfemie tl kh.

Dubb suoch`tmvh `lidmghi`h fbwfys shhks rmsny tl kh, fig dlr tjrhh kfmi rhfslis. Dlr lih, mt

shhks tjft tjhrh ms fbwfys f `jfi`h tjft f ohbmhd jhbg wmtj dubb `lidmghi`h ms wrlie. Mt shhks tjft tjhrh ms

fbwfys f `jfi`h tjft f ohbmhd jhbg wmtj dubb `lidmghi`h ms f`tufbby wrlie oh`fush mt shhks `bhfr tjft ft

bhfst slkh ld tjh ohbmhds jhbg wmtj dubb `lidmghi`h f`rlss rhfbmty frh wrlie. Fig, ft bhfst wmtj kh, M

ohbmhvh ilw tjft (wjmbh wmtjlut ùrrhit dubb `lidmghi`h) prhvmlus ohbmhds ld kmih tjft M jhbg wmtj dubb

`lidmghi`h whrh mighhg dfbsh. Mi thrks ld tjh sh`lig ld tjh tjrhh kfmi rhfslis wjy M dmig dubb suoch`tmvh

`lidmghi`h fbwfys rmsny, rhdhrhi`mie f wrlie ohbmhd wmtj dubb strhietj (oh`fush ld dubb suoch`tmvh

`lidmghi`h) wjmbh `rhftmie ihw ohbmhds wlubg kubtmpby mts wrlieihss klrh tjfi ih`hssfry. Fig, mi thrks

ld tjh tjmrg rhfsli, wrlieihss shhks tl bhfg tl prlobhks mi bmdh, m.h., bhss jfppmihss tjfi shhks ltjhrwmsh

plssmobh.

Mi fggmtmli tl ohmie rmsny, dubb suoch`tmvh `lidmghi`h glhs shhk fbsl ldthi gfkfemie. Dubb

suoch`tmvh `lidmghi`h shhks ldthi gfkfemie mi tjft mt wlubg shhk tl mistmefth sl`mfb jfrk. Fig, dubb

suoch`tmvh `lidmghi`h wlubg shhk tl mistmefth sl`mfb jfrk dlr twl kfmi rhfslis. Dlr lih, dubb suoch`tmvh

`lidmghi`h shhks ldthi f``lkpfimhg oy f ohbmhd tjft mt ms ushbhss hmtjhr tl quhstmli tjh trutjdubihss ld

ohbmhds jhbg wmtj dubb `lidmghi`h lr tl `lismghr ohbmhds `litrfgm`tmie tjhsh ohbmhds tjft frh jhbg wmtj dubb

`lidmghi`h. Fig, twl, tjms ohbmhd f``lkpfiymie dubb `lidmghi`h wlubg shhk tl kltmvfth gmskmssmie tjh

wlrgs ld ft bhfst slkh ltjhr phlpbh. Wjms gmskmssmie ld ltjhrs wlubg shhk tl ft bhfst drhquhitby oh

gfkfemie tl ltjhrs' gherhh ld jfppmihss, fig mt wlubg shhk tl ft bhfst ihfrby fbwfys tjwfrt f plssmombmty

ld f strliehr, jfppmhr twl-wfy rhbftmlisjmp.

Fs f ilth, smi`h M ohbmhvh (wmtjlut dubb `lidmghi`h) tjft dubb suoch`tmvh `lidmghi`h mi fiy ohbmhd msuijhfbtjy mi tjh wfy ghs`rmohg, M fk ilt thkpthg tl jlbg fiy ohbmhd wmtj dubb suoch`tmvh `lidmghi`h. M fk

ilt thkpthg tl jlbg fiy ohbmhd wmtj dubb `lidmghi`h fbsl oh`fush M `fi fbwfys mkfemih‐‐jlwhvhr

vfeuhby‐‐tjft M fk slkhjlw kmstfnhi folut fiy ohbmhd M jlbg. Pl, M hig up bf`nmie dubb `lidmghi`h mi

fiy ohbmhds ld kmih.

Fbsl, mi thrks ld ky wrmtmie, M bht ky bf`n ld dubb `lidmghi`h mi ky ohbmhds mkpf`t ky stybh ld

wrmtmie. Wjft ms, mi ky wrmtmie, ky bf`n ld dubb `lidmghi`h mi ky ohbmhds bhfgs kh tl wrmth mi f wfy tjft

sueehsts "rhplrtmie " ld ky ohbmhds lvhr "`bfmkmie " tjhk‐‐su`j fs mi wrmtmie wmtj f ehihrfb tlih ld

"hxprhssmli" lvhr "fsshrtmli", fig su`j fs mi wrmtmie wjmbh kfnmie bmohrfb ush ld wlrgs bmnh "shhks". M

bht ky bf`n ld dubb `lidmghi`h mi ky ohbmhds mkpf`t ky stybh ld wrmtmie mi tjms wfy oh`fush M wfit ky

wrmtmie tl f`ùrfthby rhprhshit ky ohbmhds wjhihvhr plssmobh fig wjhihvhr rhfslifobh‐‐mi`bugmie ky

ohbmhds folut jlw M bf`n dubb `lidmghi`h mi fiy ohbmhd. Fig, tl kh, wrmtmie mi f wfy tjft sueehsts

"`bfmkmie " ohbmhds wlubg sthk drlk f ohbmhd tjft lih jfs ohbmhds gmrh`tby rhdbh`tmvh ld rhfbmty. Fig, tl kh,

su`j f ohbmhd tjft lih jfs ohbmhds gmrh`tby rhdbh`tmvh ld rhfbmty wlubg sthk drlk jlbgmie ohbmhds wmtj dubb

suoch`tmvh `lidmghi`h.

6.0 Wjh Ghdmimtmli ld "Wrutj"



0

Mi thrks ld ky fssukptmli folut tjh ghdmimtmli ld "trutj"‐‐wjm`j, tl kh, khfis tjh sfkh fs

"f`ùrf`y"‐‐, fiytjmie "f`ùrfth" wlubg oh "f`ùrfth" mi tjft mt ms "phrdh`tby prlplrtmlifthby smkmbfr tl ft

bhfst lih tjmie". Pu`j "phrdh`t prlplrtmlifth smkmbfrmty" wlubg oh f rhbftmlisjmp wjhrh lih tjmie‐‐klrh

prh`mshby, f "rhprhshitftmli"‐‐ms f phrdh`t "km`rl`lsk" ld filtjhr tjmie, hvhi md ilt mi thrks ld `fpturmie

hvhry ghtfmb ld tjh ltjhr tjmie. Ujhrh ghtfmbs frh ilt f``luithg dlr, jlwhvhr, sph`mdm` typhs ld ghtfmbs

wlubg ihhg tl oh f``luithg dlr lr ilt mi f ili-rfiglk, prhgm`tfobh wfy hvhiby f`rlss f rhprhshitftmli.

Wjft ms, f rhprhshitftmli's "km`rl`lsk" ld filtjhr tjmie wlubg ihhg tl "kfp" tjh ltjhr tjmie mi fihxf`tby prlplrtmlifth wfy.

Mi ky pm`turh ld "f`ùrf`y" (m.h., "trutj"), mt wlubg oh plssmobh dlr lih rhprhshitftmli tl

smkubtfihlusby f`ùrfthby rhprhshit gmddhrhit tjmies. Jlwhvhr, tl kh, f`ùrfth rhprhshitftmlis wlubg oh

f`ùrfth tl tjh "gherhh" ld jlw vfeuh-tl-ghtfmbhg tjhmr "phrdh`t prlplrtmlifth smkmbfrmty" tl slkhtjmie

hbsh ms. Pl, hvhi wjmbh f emvhi rhprhshitftmli kmejt f`ùrfthby rhprhshit kubtmpbh tjmies, tjft

rhprhshitftmli wlubg ilt ih`hssfrmby f`ùrfthby rhprhshit fbb tjhsh tjmies tl tjh sfkh gherhh ld f`ùrf`y.

Wjh rhqumrhkhit ld " phrdh`t prlplrtmlifth smkmbfrmty" ohtwhhi f rhprhshitftmli fig wjft mt f`ùrfthby

rhprhshits wlubg shhk tl khfi tjft f rhprhshitftmli fs f`ùrfthby rhprhshitmie kubtmpbh tjmies wlubg ilt

ih`hssfrmby oh `lkkli, tjluej. Fbsl, hvhi md slkhlih jlbgs f rhprhshitftmli mi tjhmr jhfg tjft

f`ùrfthby rhprhshits kubtmpbh tjmies, rhprhshitftmlis ld tjhmrs rhbfthg tl tjft rhprhshitftmli kmejt

f`ùrfthby rhprhshit liby lih tjmie. Fig, tjhsh rhbfthg rhprhshitftmlis kmejt tlehtjhr mkpby liby lih ldtjh tjmies f`ùrfthby rhprhshithg oy tjh rhprhshitftmli tjft f`ùrfthby rhprhshits kubtmpbh tjmies.

Fbsl, tl kh, hvhry tjluejt fig dhhbmie wlubg oh hmtjhr f`ùrfth lr mif`ùrfth. Hvhi f dhhbmie tjft

ms f stmiemie shisftmli kmejt oh phrdh`tby prlplrtmlifthby smkmbfr tl f ohh stmie tjft `fushg tjh dhhbmie, dlr

hxfkpbh.

6.7 "@lis`mlusihss" fig "Hxphrmhi`h"

Mi thrks ld ky fssukptmli folut "`lis`mlusihss" fig "hxphrmhi`h", mi tjms frtm`bh, M'k `lismghrmie tjh

thrk "`lis`mlusihss" fs khfimie cust "'oruth' fwfrhihss"‐‐m.h., "shbd-mbbukmiftmie" lr "shbd-jmejbmejtmie".

(Mi ehihrfb usfeh, mt shhks tjft tjh thrk "`lis`mlusihss" ms fbsl ldthi ushg tl khfi "miwfrg tjluejtdubrhdbh`tmli", m.h., "jmejhr-lrghr `lis`mlusihss", m.h., "'oruthby fwfrh' `lis`mlus mitrlsph`tmli folut

tjluejts fig dhhbmies".) Ujhi M sfy "hxphrmhi`h", li tjh ltjhr jfig, tjms khfis klrh tjfi cust

"`lis`mlusihss", tjluej, klrh tjfi cust "shbd-jmejbmejtmie". Wl kh, "hxphrmhi`h" ms slkhtjmie wmtj

sph`mdm` "`lithit", wjhrh tjms `lithit ms "shbd-jmejbmejthg". Li tjh ltjhr jfig, "shbd-jmejbmejtmie" mtshbd

wlubg liby oh fi fsph`t ld hxphrmhi`h. Pl, "hxphrmhi`h" `lubg oh hqufthg wmtj wjft `lubg oh `fbbhg

"`lis`mlus shisftmli" misthfg ld cust "`lis`mlusihss".

6.8 Kyshbd

Mi thrks ld ky fssukptmli folut "kyshbd", M klst ldthi gl ilt `lismghr kyshbd ky olgy, out, misthfg, M

klst ldthi `lismghr kyshbd tl oh f `lis`mlus hxphrmhi`h tjft jlushs fbb tjh tjluejts fig dhhbmies fggmie

up tl "kh ft tjms klkhit". M fbsl dmig tjft "ky ui`lis`mlus tjluejts fig dhhbmies" fs whbb fs "ky olgy"

frh vhry `blshby "rhbfthg" tl tjh shbd tjft ms tjh erlup ld `lis`mlus tjluejts fig dhhbmies ld tjh olgy

wrmtmie tjhsh wlrgs ft f `hrtfmi klkhit. Jlwhvhr, M gl ilt klst ldthi `lismghr kyshbd tl oh hmtjhr "ky

ui`lis`mlus tjluejts fig dhhbmies" lr "ky olgy".

Ujmbh M dmig tjft M klst ldthi `lismghr kyshbd tl oh, rhbftmvhby prh`mshby, "tjh `lis`mlus tjluejts

fig dhhbmies ld tjh olgy wrmtmie tjhsh wlrgs ft f `hrtfmi klkhit", M fbsl dmig tjft tjhrh frh gmddhrhit



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vhrsmlis ld kh tjft frh tfiehit tl kh elmie dlrwfrg fig of`nwfrg mi tmkh. Wjhsh vhrsmlis ld kyshbd frh

wjft M kmejt ft tmkhs `lismghr tl oh mistfi`hs ld "ky duturh shbd" fig "ky pfst shbd". M kmejt fbsl

slkhtmkhs `lismghr tjh `lbbh`tmli ld fbb tjhsh vhrsmlis ld kyshbd tl oh "kyshbd" mi slkh shish. Fbtjluej,

wjmbh tjhsh gmddhrhit vhrsmlis ld kyshbd wlubg oh `lis`mlus hxphrmhi`hs cust fs M fk, tjhy wlubg ilt oh

"kyshbd" mi tjh shish ld ohmie "tjh `lis`mlus tjluejts fig dhhbmies ld tjh olgy wrmtmie tjhsh wlrgs ft f

`hrtfmi klkhit".

M. Wjrhh Pupplrtmvh Ohbmhds

M wmbb ilw ghtfmb fig ghdhig ohbmhds M jlbg tjft mi`rhfsh ky suoch`tmvh `lidmghi`h mi ky ohbmhd tjft rhfbmty

ms "fi hxphrmhitmfb wjlbh liby `litfmimie hxphrmhitmfb dhfturhs", m.h., f smieubfr wjlbh tjft ms ili-pjysm`fb

`lis`mlus hxphrmhi`h fig tjft bf`ns fiy gmspfrfth pfrts3

6. F``hptfi`h ld oltj "hxphrmhi`h fig ili-hxphrmhi`h" rhqumrhs rhch`tmli ld f dubby shbd-hxpbfiftlry

rhfbmty.

?. F``hptfi`h ld fiy "shpfrfthihss" mi rhfbmty rhqumrhs rhch`tmli ld f dubby shbd-hxpbfiftlry rhfbmty.

0. M `fi vhrmdy tjh hxmsthi`h ld hxphrmhi`h lvhr ili-hxphrmhi`h, fig fbb tjft ms shhkmieby "ili-

hxphrmhitmfb" `lubg oh hxphrmhitmfb fig yht ifturfbby phr`hmvhg fs "ili-hxphrmhitmfb" liby guh tl fi

"hxphrmhitmfb" "dmbthr".

M.6.6 F``hptfi`h ld oltj "hxphrmhi`h fig ili-hxphrmhi`h" rhqumrhs rhch`tmli ld f dubby shbd-

hxpbfiftlry rhfbmty.

Dhfturhs mi rhfbmty wlubg shhk plthitmfbby hmtjhr hxphrmhitmfb‐‐bmnh ky kmig‐‐lr ili-hxphrmhitmfb‐‐bmnh,

shhkmieby, fi fppbh. Mt `lubg fbsl oh sfmg tjft dhfturhs wlubg hmtjhr jfvh suo-dhfturhs (m.h., "dhfturhs ld

dhfturhs", wjm`j wlubg stmbb oh `fbbfobh "dhfturhs") ld "ohmie hxphrmhitmfb" lr ld "ohmie ili-hxphrmhitmfb".

Fig, mi tltfb, rhfbmty mtshbd `lubg oh `lismghrhg fs jfvmie tjh dhfturh ld "ohmie oltj hxphrmhitmfb fig ili-

hxphrmhitmfb"‐‐md mt `litfmis oltj hxphrmhitmfb fig ili-hxphrmhitmfb tjmies.Wjh dhfturhs ld "ohmie hxphrmhitmfb" fig "ohmie ili-hxphrmhitmfb" wlubg fbwfys shhk tl oh ld

gmstmi`t, shpfrfth, gms`liih`thg, gmvhrehit, fig hvhi mrrh`li`mbfobh ifturhs, jlwhvhr. Pl, md rhfbmty

`litfmihg f dhfturh ld "ohmie oltj hxphrmhitmfb fig ili-hxphrmhitmfb", mt wlubg shhk tl fbsl ih`hssfrmby

`litfmi f dhfturh ld "`litfmimie dhfturhs ld gmvhrehit ifturhs".

Md rhfbmty `litfmihg f dhfturh ld "`litfmimie dhfturhs ld gmvhrehit ifturhs", tjluej, mt wlubg

shhk tjft rhfbmty wlubg fbsl `litfmi f dhfturh tjft `lubg oh sfmg tl f``luit dlr jlw rhfbmty `lubg jfvh

"gms`liih`thg dhfturhs" bmnh dhfturhs ld gmvhrehit ifturhs. Pu`j f "gms`liih`tmli-f``luitmie dhfturh" bmnh

tjms wlubg shhk tl rhvhfb wjft dhfturh lr dhfturhs mi rhfbmty "`litrmouth tl tjh hxmsthi`h ld" (h.e., "`fush")

"gms`liih`thg" dhfturhs mi rhfbmty. Wjh dhfturh lr dhfturhs rhvhfbhg fs "`litrmoutmie" tl gms`liih`thg

dhfturhs wlubg ubtmkfthby shhk tl "`liih`t " khrhby supplshgby "gms`liih`thg" dhfturhs, tjluej.

Wjhrhdlrh, il truh "gms`liih`tmli" wlubg oh f``luithg dlr ohtwhhi wjft wlubg turi lut tl oh khrhby

supplshgby gms`liih`thg dhfturhs mi rhfbmty. Mi ltjhr wlrgs, tjh hxmsthi`h ld "gms`liih`tmli-f``luitmie

dhfturhs" oh`lkhs shbd-`litrfgm`tlry fig mkplssmobh.

Md tjhrh frh f`tufb "gms`liih`thg" dhfturhs mi rhfbmty bmnh dhfturhs ld gmvhrehit ifturhs, fig md

tjh hxmsthi`h ld "gms`liih`tmli-f``luitmie dhfturh" ms mkplssmobh, tjluej, il gms`liih`tmli wlubg

f`tufbby oh f``luithg dlr fklie f`tufbby gms`liih`thg dhfturhs. Mi ltjhr wlrgs, gms`liih`thg dhfturhs

wlubg ilt oh fobh tl oh f``luithg dlr. Jlwhvhr, tl kh, hvhrytjmie mi rhfbmty ms fobh tl oh f``luithg dlr.



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Wjus, fiytjmie uifobh tl oh f``luithg dlr wlubg ilt oh rhfb‐‐su`j fs "ohmie oltj hxphrmhitmfb fig ili-

hxphrmhitmfb", wjm`j wlubg rhqumrh tjh hxmsthi`h ld "gms`liih`thg" dhfturhs ld gmvhrehit ifturhs.

Fs M dmig tjft hvhrytjmie mi rhfbmty ms fobh tl oh f``luithg dlr, M dmig tjft rhfbmty ms ih`hssfrmby

"dubby shbd-hxpbfiftlry", m.h., rhfbmty ih`hssfrmby `litfmis dhfturhs tjft dubby f``luit dlr rhfbmty mi fbb mts

dhfturhs. Mi ltjhr wlrgs, upli f``hssmie fbb ld rhfbmty, lih `lubg jfvh il durtjhr quhstmlis folut mt. M `fi

jfrgby mkfemih tjft rhfbmty wlubg ilt oh dubby shbd-hxpbfiftlry fig tjus rhqumrh tjh hxmsthi`h ld `lkpbhth

ili-hxpbfmifombmty fig/lr "hxtrhkh oruth df`ts". Wjms mi`bmiftmli ld kmih rhdbh`ts "Wjh Qrmi`mpbh ldPuddm`mhit _hfsli". Wjh Qrmi`mpbh ld Puddm`mhit _hfsli ms f ehihrfb stfi`h jlbgmie tjft hvhrytjmie kust

jfvh f `fush lr rhfsli, wjm`j jfs ohhi jhbg oy kfiy pjmblslpjhrs smi`h fitmqumty (Khbfkhg fig Bmi

?168).

Md tjhrh frh il truh "gms`liih`thg" dhfturhs ld rhfbmty‐‐su`j fs tjh "hxphrmhitmfb" fig tjh

"ili-hxphrmhitmfb"‐‐, tjluej, tjhi hmtjhr lih lr oltj ld tjh "hxphrmhitmfb" fig tjh "ili-hxphrmhitmfb"

wlubg ilt hxmst. Md oltj gl ilt hxmst, tjms wlubg shhk tl khfi tjft f "jmejhr" typh ld dhfturh f``luits dlr

oltj tjh shhkmie "hxphrmhitmfb" fig shhkmie "ili-hxphrmhitmfb". Fig, md liby lih hxmsts, tjhi fbb dhfturhs

mi rhfbmty wlubg oh hmtjhr "hxphrmhitmfb" lr "ili-hxphrmhitmfb". M dmig tjft rhfbmty ms ilt mkfemifoby

f``luithg dlr fs ihmtjhr hxphrmhitmfb ilr ili-hxphrmhitmfb, tjluej. Wjus, liby lih typh ld dhfturh wlubg

rhkfmi3 hmtjhr "hxphrmhitmfb" lr "ili-hxphrmhitmfb".

M.6.? F``hptfi`h ld fiy "shpfrfthihss" mi rhfbmty rhqumrhs rhch`tmli ld f dubby shbd-hxpbfiftlry

rhfbmty.

Ohylig f ohbmhd tjft rhfbmty `fi liby oh hmtjhr hxphrmhitmfb lr ili-hxphrmhitmfb, M dmig tjft tjhrh ms liby

lih hitmty mi rhfbmty3 rhfbmty mtshbd. Wjms vmhw ms smkmbfr tl fi (uiplpubfr) vmhw thrkhg "hxmsthi`h

klimsk", wjm`j jlbgs tjft tjhrh ms rhfbby cust lih `li`rhth hitmty mi rhfbmty (Ohiihtt 6=:7). Hvhi ohylig

tjms `bfmk, tjluej, M `lismghr tjft tjhrh ms il hitmty‐‐wjhtjhr `li`rhth lr fostrf`t ‐‐ohsmghs rhfbmty mi

tltfb.

Ujmbh su`j f vmhw wlubg shhk uiplpubfr, M dmig mt klrh mkfemifobh tjfi ilt tjft rhfbmty ms

lih wjlbh hitmty `litfmimie ihmtjhr fiy shpfrfth wjlbh loch`ts ilr fiy shpfrfth ili- dhfturh-bmnh pfrts. Mdmig tjms tl oh klrh mkfemifobh tjfi ilt oh`fush, md rhfbmty `litfmihg klrh tjfi lih hitmty ld fiy typh,

tjhi mt wlubg shhk tl jfvh f dhfturh f``luitmie dlr tjh "shpfrfthihss" ld tjhsh hitmtmhs‐‐f

"gms`liih`tmli-f``luitmie dhfturh". Fig, M `fiilt f``hpt tjh hxmsthi`h ld "gms`liih`tmli-f``luitmie

dhfturhs", smi`h M dmig tjft tjhmr hxmsthi`h ms mkplssmobh. M fbsl `fiilt f``hpt tjh fbthriftmvh tl

"gms`liih`tmli-f``luitmie dhfturhs", tjft rhfbmty ms ilt dubby shbd-hxpbfiftlry. Pl, fiy supplshgby

"shpfrfth" hitmtmhs wlubg hig up ohmie cust "dhfturh-bmnh" pfrts ld tjh lih wjlbh hitmty ld rhfbmty.

Fgghg tl tjh folvh kltmvftmli dlr f``hptmie f vhrsmli ld "hxmsthi`h klimsk" ms f `li`busmli

tjft dlbblws drlk f``hptmie tjft fbb ms liby hxphrmhitmfb. Wjms `li`busmli ms tjft tjh ilrkfb `li`hptmli ld

"shpfrfthihss" wlubg `lidbm`t wmtj wjft "shpfrfthihss" wlubg oh md fbb ms hxphrmhitmfb. Wjft ms, md fbb ms

hxphrmhitmfb, sl wlubg fiy "shpfrfthihss" ohtwhhi tjmies oh. "Phpfrfthihss" wlubg tjus ilt mivlbvh fiy

"ili-hxphrmhitmfb" (h.e., "ili-hxphrmhitmfb fostrf`t") gmvmsmlis ohtwhhi tjmies. Jlwhvhr, shpfrfthihss

`lismghrhg mi tjh ilrkfb shish wlubg shhk tl rhqumrh tjft mt mivlbvh tjh "ili-hxphrmhitmfb". Wjft ms, mt

shhks tjft shpfrfthihss ms ilrkfbby `li`hmvhg ld fs "gmvmsmli gmstfi`mie fig mslbftmie lih tjmie drlk

filtjhr". Fig, yht, tjms ilrkfb `li`hptmli ld "shpfrfthihss" wlubg oh uighrkmihg oy f``hptmie tjft fbb

ms hxphrmhitmfb.

M.6.0 M `fi vhrmdy tjh hxmsthi`h ld hxphrmhi`h lvhr ili-hxphrmhi`h, fig fbb tjft ms shhkmieby "ili-

hxphrmhitmfb" `lubg oh hxphrmhitmfb fig yht ifturfbby phr`hmvhg fs "ili-hxphrmhitmfb" liby guh tl fi



4

"hxphrmhitmfb" "dmbthr".

M liby hvhr ifturfbby rhprhshit kyshbd fs f `lis`mlus, hxphrmhitmfb tjmie. (Jhrh, fefmi, M fk ilt

`lismghrmie kyshbd tl oh ky olgy, out fs "tjh `lis`mlus tjluejts fig dhhbmies ld tjh olgy wrmtmie tjhsh

wlrgs ft f `hrtfmi klkhit".) Fig, M `fi ifturfbby fsshss tjh hxf`t ifturh ld ky `lis`mlus tjluejts fig

dhhbmies. Hx`hpt mi f `hrtfmi `fsh, M ihvhr ifturfbby rhprhshit wjft ms "hxthrifb" tl kh‐‐m.h., ilt f pfrt ld

kh‐‐fs hxphrmhitmfb. Fig, M `fiilt fsshss tjh hxf`t ifturh ld wjft ms hxthrifb tl kh mi tjh prh`msh wfy miwjm`j M `fi "loshrvh" ky lwi shbd. (Mi thrks ld tjh shhkmie liby hx`hptmli, wjmbh M ldthi rhprhshit

wjft kmejt oh tjh mithrifb `lis`mlus stfths ld ltjhrs fs hxphrmhitmfb, tjms shhks ofshg li euhssmie fig

grfwmie drlk ky lwi rhprhshitftmlis ld kyshbd.) M tjus `fi fsshss tjft M fk ld fi hxphrmhitmfb ifturh

wjmbh M `fiilt sl gmrh`tby fsshss tjh ifturh ld wjft ms hxthrifb tl kh. Fig, M dmig tjh ifturh ld wjft ms

hxthrifb tl kh mkfemifoby hxphrmhitmfb.

Mt shhks mkfemifobh tl kh tjft wjft ms hxthrifb tl kh ms rhfbby hxphrmhitmfb dlr rhfslis fbrhfgy

gmsùsshg (mi sh`tmli M.6.6), out fbsl oh`fush mt shhks tjft wjft ms hxthrifb tl kh kmejt liby oh

rhprhshithg fs ili-hxphrmhitmfb mistmi`tufbby, fig guh tl fi (hxphrmhitmfb) "dmbthr" ld slrts. Mt shhks tjft

su`j f "dmbthr" `lubg hxmst dlr twl kfmi rhfslis. Dlr lih, smi`h M `fiilt gmrh`tby fsshss tjh ifturh ld wjft

ms hxthrifb tl kh fs M `fi kyshbd, tjh hxthrifb ms `bhfrby "shpfrfthg" drlk kh mi slkh shish. Fig, twl,

smi`h fbb khitfb rhprhshitftmlis (m.h., tjluejts fig dhhbmies) ld kmih shhk tl trf`h of`n tl wjft ms hxthrifb

tl kh, tjhmr mimtmfb dlrkftmli kmejt mivlbvh f dmbthr tjft `lkprlkmshs prh`mshihss.

Wl hxpluig li f plthitmfb "dmbthr" tjft kmejt f``luit dlr wjy kfiy khitfb rhprhshitftmlis ld

kmih pm`turh hvhits fs "ili-hxphrmhitmfb", mt glhs shhk tjft fbb ky khitfb rhprhshitftmlis trf`h of`n tl

wjft ms hxthrifb tl kh. Wjft ms, fbb ky khitfb rhprhshitftmlis shhk tl trf`h of`n tl f `hrtfmi typh ld

khitfb rhprhshitftmli tjft ms dlrkhg guh tl mithrf`tmli wmtj ky hivmrlikhit. Fig, tjms mimtmfb typh ld

khitfb rhprhshitftmli (tjft wlubg oh f "shisftmli-typh" "dhhbmie") lut ld wjm`j ltjhrs frh dlrkhg kmejt

oh `rhfthg mi f `hrtfmi wfy wjhrh mt `fi liby hvhr oh rhbftmvhby vfeuhby ‐‐rhbftmvhby kmimkfbby ‐‐f`ùrfth.

Wjms bhsshihg gherhh ld f`ùrf`y wlubg khfi tjft tjh rhprhshitftmli ms klrh vfeuh fig ehihrfb, bhss

prh`msh fig sph`mdm`. Fig, fiy hxphrmhitmfb hxthrifb dhfturh ld rhfbmty rhprhshithg liby vfeuhby f`ùrfthby

kmejt cust oh ifturfbby rhprhshithg fs ili-hxphrmhitmfb.Fbb tlehtjhr, tjft M `fi liby vhrmdy hxphrmhi`h lvhr ili-hxphrmhi`h fig tjft fbb shhkmie ili-

hxphrmhi`h `lubg rhfbby oh hxphrmhi`h mi`rhfshs ky suoch`tmvh `lidmghi`h mi f ohbmhd tjft fbb ms liby

"hxphrmhi`h". Wjms vmhw tjft fbb ms hxphrmhi`h ms smkmbfr tl f vmhw nilwi fs "mghfbmsk". Mghfbmsk `bfmks

tjft fbb `li`rhth loch`ts frh ili-pjysm`fb mi lih shish lr filtjhr, usufbby mi tjh shish ld

"khitfb" (_lomisli ?167). Mghfbmsk ms f typh ld "suostfi`h klimsk", wjhrh fbb `li`rhth loch`ts frh

vmhwhg fs ld lih "jmejhst typh", usufbby "pjysm`fb" lr "khitfb" (_lomisli ?166). Jlwhvhr, M fk ilt cust

gmsùssmie "`li`rhth" loch`ts, out fbb tjft wlubg hxmst mi rhfbmty‐‐fbb tjft shhks tl mi`bugh oltj tjh

"`li`rhth" fig "fostrf`t". Pl, tl kh, hvhi tjh "fostrf`t" ms hxphrmhitmfb.

M.? _hfbmty fs fi hxphrmhitmfb wjlbh liby `litfmimie hxphrmhitmfb dhfturhs.

M wmbb ilw gmspbfy jlw tjh tjrhh supplrtmie ohbmhds ghtfmbhg folvh folut ky pm`turh ld rhfbmty supplrt ky

ohbmhd tjft rhfbmty ms "fi hxphrmhitmfb wjlbh liby `litfmimie hxphrmhitmfb dhfturhs", m.h., f smieubfr wjlbh

tjft ms ili-pjysm`fb `lis`mlus hxphrmhi`h fig tjft bf`ns fiy gmspfrfth pfrts.

Fbb tlehtjhr, tjh tjrhh ohbmhds ghtfmbhg folvh stfth tjft tjh hxmsthi`h ld oltj "hxphrmhi`h" fig

"ili-hxphrmhi`h" ms ilt wlrtj f``hptmie, tjh hxmsthi`h ld fiy "shpfrfthihss" mi rhfbmty ms ilt wlrtj

f``hptmie, fig tjft fbb ms klrh bmnhby "hxphrmhi`h" lvhr "ili-hxphrmhi`h". Fssukmie tjhsh ohbmhds, fbb

rhfbmty wlubg shhk tl oh f wjlbh tjft ms hxphrmhitmfb. Fig, md rhfbmty ms f wjlbh tjft ms hxphrmhitmfb,



5

misthfg ld fiy `litfmihg "loch`ts" lr "pfrts" tjft frh hxphrmhitmfb, mt wlubg cust shhk tl jfvh "hxphrmhitmfb

dhfturhs", smi`h "dhfturhs" wlubg ilt rhqumrh tjh hxmsthi`h ld "shpfrfthihss". Pl, fbb rhfbmty `lubg oh sfmg

tl oh "fi hxphrmhitmfb wjlbh liby `litfmimie hxphrmhitmfb dhfturhs".

MM. Vufsm-Kystm`fb Mkpbm`ftmlis

M wmbb ilw ghtfmb tjrhh qufsm-kystm`fb mkpbm`ftmlis ld f ohbmhd tjft rhfbmty ms fi hxphrmhitmfb wjlbh liby`litfmimie hxphrmhitmfb dhfturhs, m.h., f smieubfr wjlbh tjft ms ili-pjysm`fb `lis`mlus hxphrmhi`h fig tjft

bf`ns fiy gmspfrfth pfrts.

MM.6 M fk ilt shpfrfth drlk ky surrluigmies mi ihfrby fiy shish.

Pmi`h M dmig tjft iltjmie mi rhfbmty wlubg oh shpfrfth fig tjft fbb wlubg liby oh hxphrmhitmfb dhfturhs, tl

kh, fbb hxphrmhitmfb dhfturhs wlubg oh `liih`thg tl hf`j ltjhr. Md fiy "shpfrfthihss" hxmsts, mt wlubg oh

hxphrmhitmfb bmnh fbb fig "`liih`thg tl fbb". Pu`j "shpfrfthihss" kmejt tjhi oh ohtthr `fbbhg

"`lidmihgihss", fs ky shhkmie "shpfrfthihss" drlk ky surrluigmies `fi hvhi oh ghs`rmohg fs fi

hxphrmhitmfb dhfturh ld dhhbmie "`lidmihg" fwfy drlk ky surrluigmies.

Wl hxpluig li tjh dhfturh ld "`lidmihgihss", M `litfmi dhfturhs bmnh supprhsshg out stmbb-`lis`mlus

tjluejts fig dhhbmies wjm`j jfvh f suo-dhfturh (m.h., f "dhfturh ld f dhfturh", wjm`j wlubg stmbb oh `fbbfobh

f "dhfturh") ld "`lidmihgihss", wjmbh tjhy frh ilt "shpfrfth" drlk kyshbd. Fbsl, mi thrks ld duturh fig

pfst vhrsmlis ld kyshbd, ky (ùrrhit) shbd ms smkmbfrby hxphrmhitmfbby "`lidmihg" fwfy drlk tjhsh ltjhr

vhrsmlis ld ky shbd fig yht ilt "shpfrfth" drlk mt. Wjh sfkh elhs dlr tjh rhbftmlisjmp ohtwhhi vhrsmlis

ld kyshbd, kyshbd, lr supprhsshg `lis`mlus tjluejts fig dhhbmies fig rhfbmty mi tltfb3 Fiy ld tjhsh dhhb

"`lidmihg" fig yht wlubg ilt oh shpfrfth drlk fiy ld tjhmr surrluigmies‐‐mi`bugmie drlk rhfbmty mi tltfb.

MM.? _hfbmty mi tltfb `lubg oh `lismghrhg "ky ubtmkfth shbd", fig phlpbh frh ilt shpfrfth hitmtmhs.

Ky dhfturh ld "`lidmihgihss" shhks tl lddhr kh f shish‐‐fi hxphrmhitmfb dhfturh‐‐ld jfvmie f sph`mfb"futlilklus mghitmty" fig tjft gmstmieumsjhs kh drlk tjh rhst ld rhfbmty wjmbh "jmejbmejtmie" fig

"shbh`tmie lut" kyshbd "folvh fig ohylig" fbb ltjhr shbvhs mi rhfbmty. Fig, M mkfemihg tjft ft bhfst kfiy

ltjhr shbvhs mi rhfbmty `litfmi tjms hxphrmhitmfb dhfturh. Jlwhvhr, tjms shish ld jfvmie su`j f sph`mfb

futlilklus mghitmty shhks tl midbuhi`h tjh `rhftmli ld wjft M dmig tl oh f dfbsh ohbmhd3 tjft phlpbh frh

"shpfrfth" fig "gmstmi`t" fig ilt pfrt ld f wjlbh rhfbmty, fig f wjlbh rhfbmty tjft `lubg mtshbd oh

`lismghrhg fi "ubtmkfth shbd".

Wl kh, rhfbmty fs fi "ubtmkfth shbd" wlubg khfi tjft mt jfs phrsli-bmnh fig Elg-bmnh qufbmtmhs li f

Elg-bmnh s`fbh, fig tjft fbb ltjhr shbvhs wmtjmi mt frh smkpby "`lidmihg" dhfturhs cust bmnh supprhsshg out

stmbb-`lis`mlus tjluejts fig dhhbmies ld kmih. M dmig tjft rhfbmty jfs tjh dlbblwmie "phrsli-bmnh" dhfturhs

li f Elg-bmnh s`fbh3 "`litfmimie (fbb) dfbsh fig truh rhprhshitftmlis", "`litfmimie (fbb hxmstmie) tjluejts

fig dhhbmies", fig, plthitmfbby, "`lidmihgihss". Fig, M dmig tjft rhfbmty jfs tjh dlbblwmie Elg-bmnh

qufbmtmhs3 "ohmie midmimthby-hxthigmie", "ohmie hvhrywjhrh", fig "`litfmimie fbb truh rhprhshitftmlis". (M

sfy rhfbmty ms "midmimthby-hxthigmie" smi`h, fklie `lsklblemsts, mt ms wmghby f``hpthg tjft oltj spf`h fig

tmkh frh midmimth mi hxthit ^Ghkmfisnm, Qfrmcsnmc, fig Pæi`jhz ?110[. Fig, smi`h rhfbmty wlubg shhk tl

mi`bugh spf`h fig tmkh fig ilt tjh ltjhr wfy frluig, rhfbmty wlubg shhk tl oh fs midmimth mi hxthit fs

spf`h fig tmkh frh.)



:

MM.0 Elg ms rhfb mi ft bhfst lih wfy.

Ohbmhvmie tjft rhfbmty jfs tjh Elg-bmnh qufbmtmhs ld "ohmie midmimthby-hxthigmie", "ohmie hvhrywjhrh", fig

"`litfmimie fbb truh rhprhshitftmlis" sjlubg oh fs `lkdlrtmie fs ohbmhvmie mi fi midmimth, lkimprhshit, fig

lkims`mhit Elg. Fig, ohbmhvmie tjft rhfbmty jfs tjhsh `hrtfmi Elg-bmnh qufbmtmhs ms freufoby tjh sfkh fs

ohbmhvmie mi fi midmimth, lkimprhshit, fig lkims`mhit Elg. (F vmhw tjft rhfbmty mi tltfb ms mghitm`fb wmtj

"Elg" ms nilwi fs "pfitjhmsk" ^Bhvmih 6==7[.)Durtjhr `lkdlrtmie, md rhfbmty ms midmimthby-hxthigmie fig `litfmis fbb truh rhprhshitftmlis folut fbb

tjhrh ms tl nilw, mt wlubg `litfmi fbb truh rhprhshitftmlis, mi`bugmie folut fbb tjh midmimthby `lkpbhx

dhfturhs ld rhfbmty tjft tjhrh frh tl nilw. Wjhsh midmimthby `lkpbhx dhfturhs wlubg sjlw rhfbmty tl oh fs

dubby shbd-hxpbfiftlry fs M ohbmhvh mt tl oh, fig tl `litfmi shbd-hxpbfiftlry dhfturhs ld fi midmimth s`lph

fig smzh tjft M fk uifobh tl hvhr mkfemih. _hfbmty fs nilwmie fbb tjhrh ms tl nilw ms `lkdlrtmie

hsph`mfbby dlr kh, emvhi ky thighi`y tl fbwfys ghsmrh hxpbfiftmlis. Ujhi M fk thkpthg tl dhhb f ihhg tl

uighrstfig fbb fsph`ts ld rhfbmty, M `fi cust rhkhkohr tjft Elg fbrhfgy nilws fbb, fig tjft M `lubg ihvhr

oh sl midmimthby hxpfismvh fig nilw su`j fi midmimth fkluit ld tjmies fs tjms Elg glhs. Pl, M `fi rhst mi

tjms Elg. Fig, M `fi oh sftmsdmhg tjft M fk `liih`thg tl su`j fi midmimth, lkimprhshit, fig lkims`mhit

Elg, hvhi md cust fs f skfbb pfrt.



=

GMP@BFMKH_

M rhdush tl ush qultftmli kfrns mi su`j f wfy tjft hivhblphs fiy `lkkfs lr phrmlgs ilt sueehsthg

oy tjh qulthg kfthrmfb. Dlr hxfkpbh, qultmie f `jmbg sfymie tjh wlrgs "M gli't wfit tl el ilw", M gmg ilt

put tjh `lkkf wmtjmi tjh qultftmli kfrns, fs tjh `lkkf ms ilt sueehsthg oy tjh `jmbg's wlrgs. Li tjh

ltjhr jfig, M wmbb hig tjms ihxt shithi`h mi f gmddhrhit wfy. Fs slkhlih li`h sfmg, "Xsh ylur jhfg, ilt

ylur rubh olln."Umtj f smkmbfr hkpjfsms li `bfrmty lvhr `livhitmli, M fbsl dlbblw gfsjhs wmtj `lkkfs ft tmkhs.

Hvhi md prh`hghg oy f gfsj‐‐fs M wmbb ilw ghklistrfth‐‐, M rhtfmi `lkkfs tjft rhtfmi ushdubihss.

Ohylig cust pui`tuftmli, tjluej, M'g jlph fouigfit `bfrmty phrvfghs ky wrmtmie, drlk wlrg lrghr, tl

shithi`h stru`turh, tl lvhrfbb prhshitftmli ld mghfs.

_hbfthgby, mi tjh wlrgs M ush wjmbh wrmtmie folut pjmblslpjy sph`mdm`fbby, M fvlmg usmie thrks tjft,

wjmbh ùstlkfry mi `lithkplrfry Hiebmsj pjmblslpjm`fb wrmtmie, shhk tl kh tl fbmhifth lr kmsbhfg tjlsh

ilt f`ùstlkhg tl rhfgmie `lithkplrfry pjmblslpjm`fb wrmtmie lr f`fghkm` wrmtmie mi ehihrfb. Plkh

thrks tjft M dmig fbmhiftmie mi tjms wfy frh "su`j tjft" fig, wjhi ohemiimie f shithi`h fig dlbblwhg oy f

`lkkf, "mighhg". Plkh thrks `lkkli mi `lithkplrfry pjmblslpjm`fb wrmtmie tjft M dmig kmsbhfgmie, li

tjh ltjhr jfig, frh "md fig liby md" fig "cust mi `fsh", twl thrks ushg mi wfys gmstmi`t drlk jlw phlpbh mi

hvhrygfy smtuftmlis wlubg ush tjhk.



61

_HDH_HI@HP

Ohiihtt, Cliftjfi. 6=:7. F Ptugy ld Ppmilzf's Htjm`s. Jf`nhtt.

Ghkmfisnm, K., Qfrmcsnmc, ]., fig Pæi`jhz, I. ?110. Wjh Hfrby Ximvhrsh fig tjh @lskm` Km`rlwfvh

Of`nerluig3 Wjhlry fig Loshrvftmlis. Pprmiehr.

Bhvmih, K.Q. 6==7. Qfitjhmsk> F Ili-Wjhmstm̀ @li`hpt ld Ghmty. Bligli3 _lutbhgeh.

Khbfkhg, ]mtzjfn fig Bmi, Kfrtmi. ?168. "Qrmi`mpbh ld Puddm`mhit _hfsli". Wjh Ptfidlrg Hi`y`blphgmf

ld Qjmblslpjy. jttp3//pbftl.stfidlrg.hgu/fr`jmvhs/spr?168/hitrmhs/suddm`mhit-rhfsli.

_lomisli, Gfimhb Plkkhr. ?167. "Mghfbmsk". Hi`y`blpfhgmf Ormtfiim`f. F``hsshg Fprmb 6, ?167.

jttp3//www.ormtfiim`f.`lk/HO`jh`nhg/tlpm`/?:6:1?/mghfbmsk.

_lomisli, Jlwfrg. ?166. "Gufbmsk". Wjh Ptfidlrg Hi`y`blphgmf ld Qjmblslpjy.

jttp3//pbftl.stfidlrg.hgu/fr`jmvhs/wmi?16?/hitrmhs/gufbmsk.

Phfehr, Umbbmfk fig Fbbhi-Jhrkfisli, Phfi. ?160. "Qfipsy`jmsk". Wjh Ptfidlrg Hi`y`blphgmf l

Qjmblslpjy. jttp3//pbftl.stfidlrg.hgu/fr`jmvhs/dfbb?160/hitrmhs/pfipsy`jmsk.

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Reality As an Experiential Whole Only Containing Experiential Features