Realistically Light and Render Interior Scenes using 3ds Max and Vray.pdf

Realistically Light and Render Interior Scenes using 3ds Max and Vray

http://cg.tutsplus.com/tutorials/autodesk-3d-studio-max/realistically-light-and-render-interior-scenes-using-3ds-max-and-vray/[08/01/2013 14:12:32]

Tutorial DetailsSoftware: Autodesk 3D Studio MaxSoftware: V-RayDifficulty: IntermediateEstimated Completion Time: 2 Hours

Final Product What You'll Be Creating

Pratik Gulati on Feb 19th 2010 with 133 Comments and 0 Reactions

Realistically Light andRender Interior Scenesusing 3ds Max and Vray

< a>Tutorials \ 3D Studio Max



Discover the secrets behind properly lighting and rendering interior scenes with 3ds Max and Vray in thiseasy to follow, step by step walkthrough. Scene setup, modeling, texturing, lighting, and rendering forrealistic output will all be discussed, so there is literally something in here for everyone!

Additional Files/ Plugins:

Download the Project Files for this tutorial

Step 1In this tutorial, well be using real units, so the first thing would be to open the menu Customize >Units Setup > US and choose Standard > Feet w/Decimal Inches as the unit.



Step 2When you are trying to get a photorealistic quality it is very important to make sure that your objectscale is accurate. This will play an important role in achieving a good render. Also, as you can seethe scene is quite simple just a small lobby (mostly modeled with boxes). Note: It is important that itis a closed room, and there are no openings for the light from environment to enter.



Step 3Press f10, and from the assign renderer tab choose Vray. This will enable Vray as your renderer,and also enable Vray materials in your material editor.



Step 4Assign a simple Vray material to all the objects in the scene, and set up basic scene lighting andrender settings. This is to finalize the lighting and render settings and save time, since a plainmaterial renders much faster than reflective and glossy materials which will be added later.



Step 5Now to work on the lighting and render settings to achieve the final result.



Step 6Add a Vray physical camera to the scene by going to Create Tab > Camera > Vray > PhysicalCamera.



Step 7The settings for a physical camera are:

Type Determines the type of the camera. Set it to Still.

Film Gate Specifies the horizontal size of the film gate in millimeters. Set it according to yourscene.

Focal Length Specifies the equivalent focal length of the camera lens.

f-number The width of the camera aperture and (indirectly) exposure. If the Exposure optionis checked, changing the f-number will affect the image brightness.

Vignetting When this option is on, the optical vignetting effect of a real-world cameras issimulated.

White Balance Allows additional modification of the image output according to the color orpreset chosen.

Shutter Speed The shutter speed (in inverse seconds) for the still photographic camera. Forexample, a shutter speed of 1/50 s corresponds to a value of 50 for this parameter.

Film Speed (ISO) Determines the film power (sensitivity). Smaller values make the imagedarker, while larger values make it brighter.



Step 8



Now to place the various Vray lights. Lights 1-4 affect the scene directly, whereas light 5 hasbeen placed in a downward direction, and will affect the scene in an indirect (in theform of bounced light).



Step 9The basic parameters of the Vray lights are:

Color The color of the light.



Multiplier The multiplier for the light color. This is also the light intensity determined by theIntensity units parameter.

Invisible This setting controls whether the shape of the VRay light source is visible in therender result. When this option is turned off the source is rendered in the current light color.Otherwise it is not visible in the scene.

Subdivs - Defines the samples, or the quality of the light. 8-10 should be used for test renders,and 15-20 for final renders. Increasing the samples will significantly increase your render time.

Step 10



IES stands for Illuminating Engineering Society. The photometric data is stored in these files.A photometric web is a 3D representation of the light intensity distribution of a light source. Webdefinitions are stored in files. Many lighting manufacturers provide web files that model theirproducts, and these are often available on the Internet. We as artists can use them to replicatethe real life phenomena of light in 3d.

Go to the Lights tab, choose Vray from the drop down list, and create a Vray ies in theright view. Then instance it below all four steel holders.



Step 11The main settings for the ies lights are:

Browse Button - Click it and browse for the ies file that you want to use.

Color Mode If you choose this option, you can change and affect the light intensity throughthe color picker.

Temperature Mode Allows you to accurately change the light intensity through the colortemperature.

Power - Determines how bright the light will be.



Step 12Through the following steps, you will configure the rendering settings in Vray. Press F10, thenunder Global Switches, uncheck Default Lights. This will cause the default lights in thescene to be switched off. For the Image Sampler type select Adaptive DMC, and CatmullRom as the filter. Also, change the min and max subdivs as shown.



Lastly, change the Color Mapping type to Exponential. This mode will saturate the colorsbased on their brightness, and therefore, will not clip bright colors, but saturate them instead.This can be useful to prevent Burn-outs in the very bright areas (for example around lightsources etc).



Step 13Under the Indirect Illumination select Irradiance Map and use Light Cache as the primary



and secondary engine. Also, change the Preset to High, hsph subdivs to 50, and interpsamples to 20.

Irradiance Map Computes the indirect illumination only at some points in the scene, andinterpolates for the rest of the points. The Irradiance Map is very fast compared to directcomputation, especially for scenes with large flat areas.

Current Preset Allows you to choose from several presets for some of the irradiance mapparameters.

Hemispheric Subdivs (HSph. subdivs) Controls the quality of individual GI samples.Smaller values makes things faster, but may produce blotchy results. Higher values producesmoother images.



Step 14



With a Light Cache, the light map is built by tracing many eye paths from the camera. Each ofthe bounces in the path stores the illumination from the rest of the path into a 3d structure (verysimilar to the photon map). In the Light Cache put 1500 for subdivs and 8 for no of passes.

The Subdivs determines how many paths are traced from the camera. The actual number ofpaths is the square of the subdivs (the default 1000 subdivs mean that 1 000 000 paths will betraced from the camera).

Step 15Your settings for the test render are done. If you hit render now, you should see the sameimage that was shown before. Now all you need to do is apply the materials, and increase theIrradiance Map and Light Cache samples for the final render.



Step 16Now to texture the scene (actually its quite simple). The basic parameters that will be used inmaterials are:

Diffuse The diffuse color of the material.

Roughness - Can be used to simulate rough surfaces or surfaces covered with dust.

Reflect The reflection color.

Reflection Glossiness Controls the sharpness of the reflections. A value of 1.0 meansperfect mirror-like reflections; lower values produce blurry or glossy reflections. Use theSubdivs parameter below to control the quality of the glossy reflections.The shader for the tiles on the base is a simple vray material with a de-saturated texture in thediffuse and a noise map in bump.



Step 17The wood rack is also made of a Vray material with slight reflections and glossiness.



Step 18



The material for the wall is again just simple cream and black colors with no reflections.



Step 19



The shader on the wall on which the paintings are hanging is made of steel and white wall.The wall part also has a grainy texture assigned to it.



Step 20



Your scene is now textured! You can add any other props or objects you like to fill up thescene. The above rendering settings are good for test renders, but for production quality youwill need to increase the samples for the image sampler, Light Cache, and Irradiance map.

Step 21< p>Here is the final result! Hope you learned something new!!.



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Realistically Light and Render Interior Scenes using 3ds Max and Vray.pdf