RRI

Philosophical Foundation Of

EducationREALISM

Presented by: Jiejan O. Fabian Irene L. Mirasol Marizen Barrion Virginia G. Sengkey

CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

Philosophy Aims Proponents Implications to Education Teacher’s Role

Methods of Teaching Disciplined Content

REALISM

-Is derived from a Greek word , “ Res” which means real.-It is an attempt to portray life as it is.-The world is real and material.

“ Realism is the reinforcement of our common acceptance of this world as it appears to us.”- Butler

“ The doctrine of realism asserts that there is a real world of things behind and corresponding to the objects of perception.”- Ross

AIMS

1. Preparing the Child for a Happy and Successful Life.

2. Preparing the Child for a Real Life3. Developing the physical and mental powers of child.4. Acquainting the Child with Nature and Social Environment.

5. Imparting Vocational Education6. Developing and Training of Senses

Educational aims are viewed from two perspectives: Religious realism and Secular realism

Religious perspective : The religious realist believes that matter is not important unless it leads to something else.

Secular perspective : The secular realist believes in understanding the material world through methods of rigorous inquiry. Self-preservation is the aim of education.

PROPONENTS

ARISTOTLEEverything has a purpose

or function.

Golden Mean – there should be no lack or

excess.

( 382-322 BC )

“ Form or ideas can exist even without

matter, but there can be no matter without

form.”

Aristotle’s syllogism moves from specific to generalizations:

A falling tree makes sound

Sound comes from things that exist

Therefore, the tree exists.

THOMAS AQUINAS

( 384-322 BC )

“ God created matter out of nothing and God is the Unmoved Mover who gives meaning and purpose to the universe.”Primary agencies of education are family, God, and state, respectively.

SIR FRANCIS BACON

( 1561-1626 )

The Father of Inductive Method

Knowledge is power

JOHN LOCKE

( 1632-1704)

His major contribution was the development of an acute awareness

of experience.

We are born tabula rasa (as a blank

slate).

JOHN R. SEARLE

The external world exists independent of

human thought.

Consciousness is as much an ordinary

biological phenomenon as is digestion

JOHN AMOS COMENIUS

Felt that the human mind, like a mirror,

reflected everything around it.

JOHN FRIEDRICH HERBART

The formal step of Methodology

1. Prepare the students to receive new information.

2. Present the new knowledge.

3. Association of new knowledge

4. Generalization5. Application

Application to the Classroom

Realism in the Classroom

• Focuses on the basics of reading, writing and arithmetic.

• Classroom environment is highly structured and organized.

• Education should be fun and interesting for the student.

• Education should prepare students for life in the real world.

Teacher’s Roles

• The teacher according to realist, is expected to have a full knowledge of the content and needs of the students.

• Should have a knowledge of child psychology & should have undergone training.

• Prepares the students to receive new information• Organizes and presents content systematically within a

discipline, demonstrating use of criteria in making decisions• Imparts knowledge of this reality to students or display

such reality for observation and study• Inspires and encourages the student sympathetically

The Realist’s Curriculum

• Problem-centered (subject-centered curriculum)• Practical and useful• Physical activity has educational value • Attention to the complete person • Extensive use of pictures• Use of objects in education• Most effective way to find out reality is to study it through

organized, separate, and systematically arranged matter

Curriculum

• The realist stresses a curriculum consisting of organized topics and subject matter

• Locates the most general and abstract subject at the top of the curriculum hierarchy and gives particular transitory subjects a lower order of priority

• The three “R’s” (reading, writing, and arithmetic) are also necessary in a person’s basic education

Teaching Methods• Emphasis on critical reasoning

through observation• Demonstration• Precision and order: ringing

bells, time periods, daily lesson plans, pre-packaged curriculum materials

• Supports accountability and performance-based teaching

• Recitation, experimentation, demonstration (Education should proceed from simple to complex and from concrete to abstract)

Teaching Methods

• Tutorial system• Travel• Observation and social contracts• Things before rules and words

Teaching Methods

Herbart developed a five-step method as follows:1. Preparation2. Presentation3. Association4. Generalization5. Application

Discipline Content• Knowledge based; subject based; arts and sciences; hierarchy of

subjects: humanistic and scientific subject• Realist emphasizes prime importance to nature, science and vocational

subjects whereas secondary place to arts, literature, and languages.• Subjects should have a sense of utility• Stress on objects than words• Stress on previous knowledge of students• Subjects: Inclusion of daily life subjects in the curriculum, modern

language, physics, chemistry, biology, botany, hygiene, tours, mathematics, astronomy, science

• Realist advocates self discipline to affect smooth adjustment of the child with the external environment

Integration of Faith and Values in Learning

1 John 2:27As for you, the anointing you received from him

remains in you, and you do not need anyone to teach you. But as his anointing teaches you about all things and as that anointing is real, not counterfeit– just as

it has taught you, remain in him.

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!