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Real World Research:Real World Research:Treaties Treaties
October 25, 2006October 25, 2006
Marci HoffmanMarci [email protected]@law.berkeley.edu
OverviewOverview
DefinitionsDefinitions• Public International LawPublic International Law• Private International LawPrivate International Law
Sources of LawSources of Law• Treaties and agreements are primary Treaties and agreements are primary
sources of law for both public and private sources of law for both public and private international lawinternational law
Treaties & AgreementsTreaties & Agreements
What are treaties?What are treaties? TypesTypes
• bilateralbilateral• multilateralmultilateral
US is a party US is a party Non-US treatiesNon-US treaties
Researching TreatiesResearching Treaties
Text of the treaty or agreementText of the treaty or agreement Status & ratification informationStatus & ratification information Reservations or declarationsReservations or declarations Domestic implementing legislationDomestic implementing legislation Background documents or intent Background documents or intent
(legislative history or travaux préparatoires)(legislative history or travaux préparatoires) Commentary & analysisCommentary & analysis
U.S. TreatiesU.S. Treaties
ExecutiveExecutive• Dept. of State, Dept. of State, Treaty AffairsTreaty Affairs
Reporting to Congress Reporting to Congress
CongressCongress• Senate, TreatiesSenate, Treaties• HouseHouse
Treaty IndexesTreaty Indexes
Treaties in ForceTreaties in Force• Treaty ActionsTreaty Actions
United States Treaty IndexUnited States Treaty Index Multilateral Treaty CalendarMultilateral Treaty Calendar United Nations Cumulative Treaty IndexUnited Nations Cumulative Treaty Index Multilateral Treaties Deposited with the Multilateral Treaties Deposited with the
Secretary GeneralSecretary General
U.S. Treaty CollectionsU.S. Treaty Collections
Print sourcesPrint sources• Treaties and Other International Acts SerieTreaties and Other International Acts Serie
ss (T.I.A.S.)(T.I.A.S.)
• United States Treaties and Other United States Treaties and Other International AgreementsInternational Agreements (U.S.T.) (U.S.T.)
• Senate Treaty DocumentsSenate Treaty Documents (S. Treaty Doc.) (S. Treaty Doc.)
U.S. Treaty CollectionsU.S. Treaty Collections
Electronic SourcesElectronic Sources• U.S. Senate Treaty DocumentsU.S. Senate Treaty Documents• Declassified Documents: International AgreemDeclassified Documents: International Agreem
ents ents • HeinOnlineHeinOnline: Treaties & Agreements Library: Treaties & Agreements Library• Treaties & International Agreements Treaties & International Agreements • Lexis and WestlawLexis and Westlaw
Other U.S. CollectionsOther U.S. Collections
Income Tax Treaties (IRS)Income Tax Treaties (IRS) Dept. of Energy Dept. of Energy Trade Agreements (USTR)Trade Agreements (USTR) Bureau of International Security and Bureau of International Security and
Nonproliferation Nonproliferation
Other National Treaty CollectionsOther National Treaty Collections
Australian Treaties LibraryAustralian Treaties Library Pacific Island Treaty SeriesPacific Island Treaty Series French Treaty DatabaseFrench Treaty Database Hong Kong Treaty ProjectHong Kong Treaty Project Chinese Bilateral Treaties & AgreemeChinese Bilateral Treaties & Agreeme
ntsnts WorldLIIWorldLII (collections by country) (collections by country)
Multilateral SourcesMultilateral Sources
United Nations Treaty SeriesUnited Nations Treaty Series (U.N.T.S.) (U.N.T.S.) United Nations Treaty CollectionUnited Nations Treaty Collection International Legal MaterialsInternational Legal Materials (I.L.M) (I.L.M) European Treaty SeriesEuropean Treaty Series (ETS) (ETS) Avalon ProjectAvalon Project OAS TreatiesOAS Treaties
Topical Treaty CollectionsTopical Treaty Collections
Human Rights LibraryHuman Rights Library Intellectual Property Intellectual Property ILOLEXILOLEX Hague Conventions on Private InternatiHague Conventions on Private Internati
onal Lawonal Law International Fisheries Treaty DatabaseInternational Fisheries Treaty Database
Status & RatificationStatus & Ratification
Multilateral Treaties Deposited with the Multilateral Treaties Deposited with the Secretary GeneralSecretary General
Treaties in ForceTreaties in Force and and Treaty ActionsTreaty Actions Web sites Web sites
• SecretariatSecretariat• DepositoryDepository
Journal articlesJournal articles Treaty indexesTreaty indexes
Reservations & DeclarationsReservations & Declarations Reservations exclude or modify the legal Reservations exclude or modify the legal
effect of provisions. effect of provisions. Declarations clarify a State's position.Declarations clarify a State's position. Some treaties do not allow reservationsSome treaties do not allow reservations.. SourcesSources
• Multilateral Treaties Deposited with the Secretary GeMultilateral Treaties Deposited with the Secretary Generalneral
• Secretariat web siteSecretariat web site Hague ConventionsHague Conventions
DomesticDomesticImplementing LegislationImplementing Legislation
National legislation National legislation • New legislationNew legislation
DMCA implements two WIPO treaties DMCA implements two WIPO treaties
• Existing legislationExisting legislation Treaty SecretariatsTreaty Secretariats
• Chemical Weapons ConventionChemical Weapons Convention• Anti-Bribery ConventionAnti-Bribery Convention
Other InformationOther Information Background or intentBackground or intent
• Negotiation documentsNegotiation documents• Preparatory or preliminary documentsPreparatory or preliminary documents• Legislative historyLegislative history
Uruguay Round Agreements Act: A Uruguay Round Agreements Act: A Legislative History of Public Law no. Legislative History of Public Law no. 103-465103-465
See See À la À la RechercheRecherche des des TravauxTravaux PréparatoiresPréparatoires
Other InformationOther Information
InterpretationInterpretation• Court decisions Court decisions
International courts & tribunalsInternational courts & tribunals Domestic courtsDomestic courts
• Commentary & analysisCommentary & analysis Books, seeBooks, see A Commentary on the A Commentary on the
United Nations Convention on the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the ChildRights of the Child
Journal articlesJournal articles
More on TreatiesMore on Treaties
Electronic Information System for InternElectronic Information System for International Lawational Law (EISIL) (EISIL)
Frequently-Cited Treaties and OtheFrequently-Cited Treaties and Other International Instrumentsr International Instruments
Researching Treaties & International AgResearching Treaties & International Agreementsreements
ASIL Guide to Electronic ResourcesASIL Guide to Electronic Resources
Citing to TreatiesCiting to Treaties
A treaty citation should contain:A treaty citation should contain:• name of the agreementname of the agreement• date of signingdate of signing• parties (if bilateral)parties (if bilateral)• subdivision referred to, if applicablesubdivision referred to, if applicable• source(s) for the text of the treaty source(s) for the text of the treaty • Example: Vienna Convention on the Law of Example: Vienna Convention on the Law of
Treaties, May 23, 1969, 1155 U.N.T.S. 331; 8 Treaties, May 23, 1969, 1155 U.N.T.S. 331; 8 I.L.M. 679 (1969)I.L.M. 679 (1969)
See See The BluebookThe Bluebook- rule 21.4 - rule 21.4