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Soil Science and Land Resources, Bogor Agricultural University ~~~
Special Topics: Rice Mapping and Monitoring
Data FusionClassification Techniques
SAR Analyses
Bambang H. Trisasongko
Department of Soil Science and Land Resources,Bogor Agricultural University. Bogor 16680. Indonesia.
Email: [email protected]
Soil Science and Land Resources, Bogor Agricultural University ~~~
Real Problem: Bantul
Green: Bakosurtanal data; Blue: interpretation
Soil Science and Land Resources, Bogor Agricultural University ~~~
Role of RS for Rice Monitoring
• Van Niel & McVicar (2001):
– Crop identification
– Area Measurement
– Yield estimation
– Disturbance
– Water exploitation
– Water efficiency
Van Niel, T.G., and T.R. McVicar. 2001. “Remote sensing of rice-based irrigated agriculture: a review”. Technical Report of CRC-Rice. CSIRO, Australia
Soil Science and Land Resources, Bogor Agricultural University ~~~
Design of Information Extraction
• Requirements:
– Baseline data – Sawah Baku (VHR satellites)
• Real data
• Fused data
– Monitoring:
• Irregular (HR satellites)
• Regular (low resolution)
2
Soil Science and Land Resources, Bogor Agricultural University ~~~
Data Fusion
• To combine advantages from both datasets:
– Panchromatic – High spatial resolution
– Multispectral – Lower spatial resolution
• Methods:
– Color Cube (IHS, HSV, dll.)
– Brovey
– Wavelet (Daubechies, Mallat, dll.)
– Dll.
Soil Science and Land Resources, Bogor Agricultural University ~~~
ALOS/PRISM
Soil Science and Land Resources, Bogor Agricultural University ~~~
Color Normalization
• Jim Vrabel (1996)
• Implemented in many remote sensing s/w:
– Linear
– Quick
0.10.3
0.3*)0.1(*)0.1(
i
i
ii
MSI
PANMSICN
Vrabel, J. 1996. Multispectral Imagery Band Sharpening Study. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing. 62:9. pp. 1075-1083
Soil Science and Land Resources, Bogor Agricultural University ~~~
Color Cube
3
Soil Science and Land Resources, Bogor Agricultural University ~~~
Shih (1995) Approximation
• Forward Transforms:
)(3
1BGRI
)],,[min()(
31 BGR
BGRS
2/12
1
)])(()[(
)]()[(2
1
cosBGBRGR
BRGRH
Note: Hue is undefined if S = 0 and S is undefined if I = 0
Shih, T-Y. 1995. Reversibility of Six Geometric Color Spaces. PhotogrammetricEngineering and Remote Sensing. 61:10. pp. 1223-1232.
Soil Science and Land Resources, Bogor Agricultural University ~~~
Shih (1995) Approximation
• Backward Transforms:
Soil Science and Land Resources, Bogor Agricultural University ~~~
Principal Components
Pande et al. 2009. J. Ind. Soc. Rem. Sens. 37: 395-408
Soil Science and Land Resources, Bogor Agricultural University ~~~
Some results
4
Soil Science and Land Resources, Bogor Agricultural University ~~~
Advanced Data Fusion
• Wavelets: Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT)
• Ehlers > Erdas Imagine 2010
• Specific-purpose data fusion
• Studies on texture shift due to fusion
Soil Science and Land Resources, Bogor Agricultural University ~~~
Specific-purpose Leaf Area Index
Soil Science and Land Resources, Bogor Agricultural University ~~~
Specific-purpose Classification
Soil Science and Land Resources, Bogor Agricultural University ~~~
5
Soil Science and Land Resources, Bogor Agricultural University ~~~
Decision Trees
• Why?
– Ease replication (on calibrated data)
– Adaptive to errors (atmosphere, sensor imbalance)
• Methods:
– C-4.5
– ID3
– RandomTree
– QUEST+CRUISE
Soil Science and Land Resources, Bogor Agricultural University ~~~
QUEST and CRUISE
Acc = 93.9% Acc = 89.3%
Tjahjono et al. 2009. JurnalIlmiah Geomatika
Soil Science and Land Resources, Bogor Agricultural University ~~~
Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM)
• Based on Hyperspectral data
• Interestingly applicable to multi spectral data
• Requires surface reflectance level processing
Alpha minimum >> similar spectrum
Soil Science and Land Resources, Bogor Agricultural University ~~~
Spectral Angle Mapper
Acc = 96%
KELAS BERA GENERATIF VEGETATIF AWALMUSIM
BERA 100 0 0 0
GENERATIF 0 100 12.8 0
VEGETATIF 0 0 87.2 0
AWALMUSIM 0 0 0 100
Note on unclass (black)
6
Soil Science and Land Resources, Bogor Agricultural University ~~~ Soil Science and Land Resources, Bogor Agricultural University ~~~
POLSAR for Rice Monitoring
• Providing baseline status of rice growth using fully polarimetric datasets through:
– Backscatter analysis
– Polarimetric decompositions
– Compact polarimetric modes (only for mapping purposes)
Soil Science and Land Resources, Bogor Agricultural University ~~~
Bo x P lo t (Sprea dsheet1 10 v*2 261 c)
M edi an
25%-75%
1 %-99 %
Ou tl ie rs
Extre m es
6 8-70
76-80
8 1-85
86 -90
91-95
9 6-1 00
10 1-105
106 -11 0
1 11-114
AGE
-24
-22
-20
-18
-16
-14
-12
VH
Bo x P lo t (Sprea dsheet1 10 v*2 261 c)
M edi an
25%-75%
1 %-99 %
Ou tl ie rs
Extre m es
6 8-70
76-80
8 1-85
86 -90
91-95
9 6-1 00
10 1-105
106 -11 0
1 11-114
AGE
-18
-16
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
VV
Bo x P lo t (Sprea dsheet1 10 v*2 261 c)
M edi an
25%-75%
1 %-99 %
Ou tl ie rs
Extre m es
6 8-70
76-80
8 1-85
86 -90
91-95
9 6-1 00
10 1-105
106 -11 0
1 11-114
AGE
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
HH
HH is a good indicator for growth periodsSome outliers are associated with infestations
Soil Science and Land Resources, Bogor Agricultural University ~~~
Entropy
76-80
81-85
86-90
91-95
96-100
101-105
106-110
111-115
115-120
121-125
126-130
131-135
Umur
2007 Outliers Extremes
2009 Outliers Extremes
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
En
tro
pi
76-8081-85
86-9091-95
96-100101-105
106-110111-115
115-120121-125
126-130131-135
Umur
2007 Outliers Extremes
2009 Outliers Extremes
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
Entr
op
i
Severe infestations create a drop in Entropy plots
Median
Mean
Entr
opy
Entr
opy
Age
Age
7
Soil Science and Land Resources, Bogor Agricultural University ~~~
Rice Growth Based onEntropy Model
• Tends to saturate on mature period
Median
80 90 100 110 120 130 140
Umur
y=(-0,38087)+(0,014443)*x+(-0,51e-4)*x 2̂
R2=0,93286014
0,30
0,35
0,40
0,45
0,50
0,55
0,60
0,65
0,70
Entr
op
i
Age
Entr
opy
Soil Science and Land Resources, Bogor Agricultural University ~~~
AlphaAngle
76-80
81-85
86-90
91-95
96-100
101-105
106-110
111-115
115-120
121-125
126-130
131-135
Umur
2007 Outliers Extremes
2009 Outliers Extremes
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
Su
dut A
lfa
76-8081-85
86-9091-95
96-100101-105
106-110111-115
115-120121-125
126-130131-135
Umur
2007 Outliers Extremes
2009 Outliers Extremes
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
Sudu
t A
lfa
Median
Mean
Alp
ha A
ngle
Alp
ha A
ngle
Age
Age
Soil Science and Land Resources, Bogor Agricultural University ~~~
Rice Growth Based onAlpha Angle Model
Median
80 90 100 110 120 130 140
Umur
y=(122,817)+(-1,2191)*x+(0,004592)*x 2̂
R2=0,73617564
35
40
45
50
55
60
Sudut A
lfa
Lacks on PLR data
Age
Alp
ha A
ngle
Soil Science and Land Resources, Bogor Agricultural University ~~~
C-P Plot – Migration due to Plant Growth
Basic TrendBasic Trend
Alp
ha A
ngle
Entropy
Medium entropyvegetation scattering
Medium entropysurface scattering
Improving Ishitsuka (2011) work…
Dipole
Double
Specular
Single
8
Soil Science and Land Resources, Bogor Agricultural University ~~~
Compact Polarimetry
Biases were too highNot recommended for quantitative analysis
Images © JAXA, METISoil Science and Land Resources, Bogor Agricultural University ~~~
Summary on POLSAR
• HH is suitable for Ciherang cultivar
• Polarimetric Decompositions are also helpful
• No recommendation for Compact Polarimetry (needs some workouts)
• However:
– Insufficient PLR data
Soil Science and Land Resources, Bogor Agricultural University ~~~
Leggi, in nome del tuo Signore che ha creatoHa creato l’uomo da un’aderenzaLeggi, ché il tuo Signore è il GenerosissimoColui che ha insegnato mediante il càlamoChe ha insegnato all’uomo quello che non sapeva