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Ready or Not:Ready or Not:Preparing for Preparing for Pandemic FluPandemic Flu
A flu pandemic A flu pandemic will happen – will happen –
we can’t predict we can’t predict when or wherewhen or where
ObjectivesObjectives
• Understand what avian flu and pandemic flu are
• Describe three things you can do at home to prepare and/or protect yourself and your family
• Describe three things you can do at work to protect yourself and others
• Identify where to get accurate information about pandemic flu
DefinitionsDefinitions
• Seasonal Influenza
• Avian Influenza
• Pandemic Influenza
Seasonal InfluenzaSeasonal Influenza
• Caused by a virus• Infects humans• Usually occurs during the winter• Easily spreads from person to person• Vaccine is available
•Incubation period is usually 1-3 days
•Symptoms
-Fever (often sudden), chills, headache, muscle aches, dry cough, sore throat, weakness, runny nose, may last three to five days or more
-People can shed the virus without showing symptoms of infection
Seasonal InfluenzaSeasonal Influenza
• The virus can be spread:
-Cough/Sneeze
• Most important (within 3 feet)
-Contact
• Contaminated articles
Seasonal InfluenzaSeasonal Influenza
Droplet
Contact
The Burden of Seasonal InfluenzaThe Burden of Seasonal Influenza
• 250,000 to 500,000 deaths globally/yr
• 36,000 deaths and > 200,000 hospitalizations/yr in U.S.
• $37.5 billion in economic costs/yr in U.S. related to influenza and pneumonia
Influenza and Other SpeciesInfluenza and Other Species
Influenza viruses can infect a number of different species, including humans
Other species include:– Birds (Avian)– Pigs– Horses– Seals– Whales
Avian Influenza (“Bird Flu”)Avian Influenza (“Bird Flu”)
• Readily infectious between birds
• Only rarely infects humans
How do humans get the bird “bird flu”?
Through close direct contact with poultry
Not easily passed from bird to human
How a new human influenza virus is How a new human influenza virus is createdcreated
Situation Report: Situation Report: H5N1 Avian Flu in HumansH5N1 Avian Flu in Humans
Human infections associated with close direct contact with infected poultry
High mortality (above 50%)
Does not transmit from human to human efficiently so far
What is a pandemic?What is a pandemic?
• Outbreak is higher than usual number of cases occurring locally
• Pandemic is a worldwide outbreak
H1
H3H2
1918SpanishFlu H1N1
1957Asian
Flu H2N2
1968Hong KongFlu H3N2
1915 1925 1935 1945 1955 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005
Flu Pandemics in the 20th Century
Requirements for a pandemic
•A new virus must emerge (people have not been exposed to it before)
•Infection usually causes serious disease
•The virus must spread as easily as seasonal influenza—by coughing and sneezing
Interpandemic Pandemic Alert Pandemic
Phase 1No new virus in humans
Animal viruses low risk to humans
Phase 2No new virus in humans
Animal viruses high risk to humans
Phase 3New virus in humans
Little/no spread among humans
Phase 4Small clusters, localized
Limited spread among humans
Phase 5Larger clusters, localized
Limited spread among humans
Phase 6Increased and sustained spread in general human population
Current Level
Current Pandemic Status
Planning AssumptionsPlanning Assumptions
• Time from infection to symptoms:– 1-4 days (average 2 days)
• Infectiousness:– Greatest during the first 2 days of illness
may be infectious 1 day BEFORE symptoms
– Infectious for about 5 or more days, children will shed the most virus
– On average, each person will transmit influenza to two others
Planning AssumptionsPlanning Assumptions
• In an affected community an outbreak may last 6-8 weeks
• Absenteeism may be as high as 40% in a severe pandemic
• High rates of illness may occur among school aged children
Things to think about during a Things to think about during a pandemic:pandemic:
• Need to create as safe a work place as possible• Need healthy workers on the job to keep
community functioning• Need workers to remain home when ill• Healthcare may look different during a pandemic
Health Protection Preparedness Health Protection Preparedness SystemSystem
Local-state-federal Domestic-international Multisector integration Public-private Non-partisan Animal-human Health protection-
homeland security-economic protection
HealthcareDeliverySystem
Federal Partners
Education System
Business & Workers
Local /State /Federal Public
HealthSystem
It Takes a NETWORK!
National ResponseNational Response
• Development of a national response plan and checklists to help local communities plan
• Investment of resources into vaccine development and medication reserves
• Control of disease coming from outside the U.S. through isolation/quarantine
Local ResponseLocal Response
Quarantine:
Well personsexposed to an Illness are kept separate from others to reduce disease spread
Isolation:
Ill persons are
kept separate from
others to reduce
disease spread
with the illness
Community Control of Pandemic Community Control of Pandemic InfluenzaInfluenza
• Isolation of the ill• Management of patient contacts • Quarantine of small groups • Cancellation of specific events• Closure of specific facilities• Snow days and self-shielding• Closure of facilities and transportation• Widespread community quarantine
less
Rest ri ct ive
more
As an individual what can you do to As an individual what can you do to protect yourself and your family?protect yourself and your family?
Individual ActivitiesIndividual Activities
• Social Distancing
• Annual flu vaccine
• Hand hygiene
• Respiratory etiquette “Cover your cough”
Social DistancingSocial Distancing
• Three feet from other people
• Limit face-to-face contact
Prepare for an extended stay at Prepare for an extended stay at home:home:
Ready-to-eat canned meats, fruits, vegetables, and soups
Protein or fruit bars Dry cereal or granola Peanut butter or nuts Dried fruit Crackers Canned juices Bottled water Canned or jarred baby food and formula Pet food
Examples of medical, health, and Examples of medical, health, and emergency suppliesemergency supplies
Prescribed medical supplies
Soap and water Medicines for fever
Thermometer
alcohol-based hand wash
Batteries
Portable radio
Tissues, toilet paper, disposable diapers
Fluids with electrolytesGarbage
bags
Hygiene: Wash Your HandsHygiene: Wash Your Hands
• Before, during, and after you prepare food • Before you eat, and after you use the
bathroom • After handling animals or animal waste • When your hands are dirty, and • More frequently when someone in your
home is sick• Avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth
Wash Your HandsWash Your Hands
Use soap and warm
running water for
At least 20 seconds
OR
Use an alcohol based
hand sanitizer for at
least 15 seconds.
If you become ill…If you become ill…
Sneezes and Coughs are Sneezes and Coughs are powerful germ explosionspowerful germ explosions
Cover Your Coughs and SneezesCover Your Coughs and Sneezes
Use a tissue or inside of your elbow when sneezing or coughing.
Stay home when you are sickStay home when you are sick
• Stay home if you have…A fever of 101 degrees
If needed seek medical care
More information is availableMore information is available
ResourcesResources• National Planning: www.pandemicflu.gov
• Bird and Animal Issues: www.usda.gov
• State Planning: http://www.oregon.gov/DHS/ph/acd/flu/influenza.shtml
• Marion County Communicable Disease Info (503) 588-5621
““Pandemics are global in nature, but their Pandemics are global in nature, but their impact is local. When the next pandemic impact is local. When the next pandemic strikes, as it surely will, it is likely to touch strikes, as it surely will, it is likely to touch the lives of every individual, family, and the lives of every individual, family, and community. Our task is to make sure community. Our task is to make sure that when this happens, we will be a that when this happens, we will be a
Nation prepared.”Nation prepared.”-Mike Leavitt,
Secretary
US Department of Health and Human Services