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Ready or Not?
Identifying (and Filling) Critical Gaps in Private Sector Disaster
Preparedness
H. Lobdell
Director
National Emergency Response & Rescue
Training Center
Texas Engineering
Extension Service
The Texas A&M
University System
National Emergency
Response and Rescue Training
Center (NERRTC)
Purpose
�Discuss the results of a survey of private
sector preparedness conducted for
NERRTC
�Discuss ways in which private industry can
contribute to state and local preparedness
�Discuss closing the shortfalls
2
�Explore the degree to which companies have already prepared for response & recovery.
�Survey the level of planning, training and exercise for emergency response.
�629 online interviews were conducted among those with the responsibility or authority for planning and preparing to respond to disasters or terrorist attacks.
Survey
Six Industry Sectors
1. Chemical/Petrochemical
2. Energy3. Transportation/Trucking4. Commercial Facility
5. Healthcare/Medical6. Amusement / Recreation / Sports / Entertainment
• Over 100 interviews in each sector
Key Question Areas
�Company size
�Most recent experiences with disaster response/recovery
planning/training/drills
�Types of individuals involved in
disaster response/recovery
planning/training/drills
�Rating of plans/training/drills
3
Detailed Findings
10,000+
Employees
32%
1,000 to4,99927%
500 to99925%
The organizations participating in this research range widely in their size.
• While the median size was about 4,500 employees, 25% have fewer than 1,000 employees and 32% have more than 10,000.
5,000 to
9,99915%
Median 4,550Employees
Disaster response/rescue is usually assigned to a mid- or upper-level manager.�Few organizations appear to have a position dedicated
exclusively to disaster response/recovery. Total Total (629) (629) % % Managerial 53 Other Administrator 4 Agent * Director 11 Analyst 5 Executive 3 Architect * Manager (Operations/Sales/Disaster) 30 Assistant 1 Supervisor 5 Chief Dispatcher 1 Coordinator 3 Top Level 7 Consultant/Specialist 5 CEO/Chairman 3 Engineer 8 COO/CFO/Technology Officer 1 Fellow 1 Vice President (Oper./Emerg. Planning/Info.) 3 Officer 1 Medical (Surgeon/Nurse/Paramedic/etc.) 3 Financial 1 Accountant * Controller 1
4
7%
45%48%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Mostly by Company
Employees
By a Combination of
Employees and
Consultants
Mostly by
Consultants
93%
Employee involvement appears to be a requisite of disaster planning.� Half say their plans were developed mostly by company employees.
� Of those who used outside consultants, nearly all also involved their
employees to a substantial degree.
52%
4%13%
25%
58%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Within Last 6
Months
Within Last
Year
Over 1 Year
Ago
Don't Have a
Plan
Most organizations appear to assign at least some priority to disaster recovery.• More than half updated their disaster plans in the past six
months, and eight of ten did so in the past year.
83%
17%
12%9%
21%
58%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Within Last 6
Months
Within Last
Year
Over 1 Year
Ago
Haven't
Conducted Any
Training
• More than half the companies have conducted training within the past six months.
• A substantial minority (21%) either have never trained their employees or have not trained them in over a year.
79%
21%
5
25%
13%15%
47%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Within Last 6
Months
Within Last
Year
Over 1 Year
Ago
Haven't
Conducted Any
Drills
While less likely to have conducted a drill than training or planning, more than half have done so within the past year.
�That said, a full quarter (25%) have never conducted a drill.
62%
38%
Preparedness Continuum
39%
61%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Yes No
A majority of organizations conducting drills involved the jurisdictional organizations with which they would have to coordinate in the event
of a real disaster.
�A substantial minority did not.
6
Private Sector Participation
�Company conducts exercise in coordination
with jurisdictional exercise
�Test company response plan
�Evaluate coordination with local authorities
�Identify assistance needed by or which can be
provided by the company
�Test notification and communication
�Test continuity/recovery plans
Private Sector Participation
� Industry participation at the State Emergency Operations
Center as a resource to provide:
�Advice on status of critical infrastructure
�Essential supplies -- food, water, fuel, etc.
�Stockpiles of equipment and materials
�Locations for staging/operations/shelters
�Transportation, communications, logistics
�More practical for industry to provide a limited number
of personnel at the state level than at each local EOC
The Texas Experience
• Pre-Katrina / Rita
• Current partnerships
– Texas Fuels Group
– Food, Water, Ice Distribution
7
7% 7% 6%
29% 24%19%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Plans Training Drills
Excellent Very Good
37%31%
25%
The majority of those responsible for disaster recovery consider their plans, training and drills to be less than optimal.• Only 37%, or less, consider their plans, training and drills to be
“excellent” or “very good”.
Industry VerticalTotal Chemical Energy Transport. Comm. Health Entertainment (629) (105) (105) (105) (105) (105) (104)
% % % % % % %
Updated Plans within past 6 months 58 64 64 60 47 61 49
Conducted Training within past 6 months 58 58 66 58 44 72 46
Conducted a Drill with the past 6 months 47 45 63 45 31 62 38
The Commercial and Entertainment industry appear to be somewhat less prepared than other
sectors.
� While satisfaction is low across all sectors,
Entertainment, Commercial and, to some extent,
Transportation organizations are the least satisfied.
� Chemical organizations are the most satisfied with
their disaster programs but even they indicate
improvements are warranted, particularly in the areas
of training and drills.
� Companies with 10,000 or more employees are the
most satisfied with their programs, but still admit
an opportunity for improvement.
Conclusions
8
Survey Conclusions
�The companies participating in this research, regardless of size, are largely attentive to disaster response/recovery, although a considerable number are not up-to-date.
�Most organizations are not highly satisfied with their disaster recovery plans, training or exercises.
Preparing Texas Today... Preparing Texas Today... Preparing Texas Today...
...for Tomorrow...for Tomorrow...for Tomorrow’’’s Challengess Challengess Challenges
Governor’s Division of Emergency Management
Texas Department of Public Safety
Preparedness Continuum
9
Texas Exercise Program
�A Program Combining Planning, Training
and Exercises
�Terrorism, Natural Disaster and Health
�Local, Regional and Statewide
�Public and Private Sector Participation
�Both Prevention and Response Exercises
• Jurisdictional understanding of key components of program
• Program “buy in” from jurisdiction and confirm key program dates
Interactive, working meeting to design scenario and coordinate
training and exercise requirements
Forum to discuss strategic and executive level
WMD/Terrorism preparedness issues
Outcome: participants ready to “manage” the
incident using ICS
Enhanced Response
Plans,
Improvement Plan &
After Action Reports
Workshop for personnel with PIO duties, or who would be
involved in media related duties
Pre-exercise working meeting to identify jurisdictional needs, capabilities and
emphasis areas for training and exercise requirements
A walkthrough to ensure all participants
understand the plan and their roles
Texas Exercise Milestones
Texas
Incident Exercise
Program Orientation
Incident Exercise
Pre Exercise Tabletop
Incident Command System
w/ Tabletop Exercise
Senior Officials Workshop
PIO WMD Workshop
Exercise Scenario Planning
Meeting
Pre-Orientation
Jurisdictional Assessment
Meeting
Implement Improvement
Plan / Follow-up
Assessment and Monitoring
Exercise Scenario
Planning Meeting
Interactive, working meeting to design scenario and coordinate training and
exercise requirements
Exercise Milestones
10
Senior Officials
Workshop (SOW)
Incident Command
System (ICS) w/Tabletop
Exercise
Forum for elected and non-elected senior officials to discuss strategic
and executive level WMD/terrorism
preparedness issues
Outcome: Exercise participants
ready to manage the incident using NIMS/ICS
PIO WMD Workshop
Workshop for personnel with PIO
duties, or who would be involved in media related responsibilities
Exercise Milestones
Pre-exercise Tabletop
Provides a pre-exercise walk
through to ensure all participants understand the plan and their roles
Exercise Milestones
Incident Exercise
Enhanced
Response Plans, Improvement
Plan & After Action Reports
Exercise Milestones
11
� Objective 1: Gain Control of Incident� Situational appraisal and awareness
� (“How big is big?; How bad is bad?”)
� Establish ICS structure
� Identification of WMD agent(s)
� Immediate protective measures
� Other immediate threats and vulnerabilities
� Objective 2: Coordinate Response� Communications interoperability
� Mutual aid agreements
� Response asset visibility and time frames
� Inform the public and media relations�
Exercise Objectives
Objective 3: Request Assistance� Regional jurisdictions
� Mutual aid agreements
� State resources via the DDC
� Federal support via DDC and state
� Private and charitable organizations
� Industry
Objective 4: Mass Care� Medical and health
� Evacuation� Sheltering
Exercise Objectives
Objective 5: Mass Decontamination� Scope of decontamination
� Type of decontamination
� Resources required for type and scope of
decontamination
� Evacuation to decontamination locations
Objective 6: Resolution/Restoration/Recovery� Identify desired end-state
� Identify mid-term resource requirements and actions
� Identify long-term resource requirements and actions
Exercise Objectives
12
Prevention Exercise Objectives
�� Enhance capability to deter or prevent Enhance capability to deter or prevent
WMD/terrorism incidentsWMD/terrorism incidents
�� Improve the planning and cooperation Improve the planning and cooperation
betweencriticalbetweencritical infrastructure entities, private, infrastructure entities, private,
local, state and federal law enforcement.local, state and federal law enforcement.
�� Improve the exchange of intelligence between Improve the exchange of intelligence between
privateprivate, local, state and federal law enforcement , local, state and federal law enforcement
in the prevention or deterrence of a terrorist in the prevention or deterrence of a terrorist
incident.incident.
Preparing the Nation Today...
...for Tomorrow’s Challenges
Assess
Plan & Organize Equip ExerciseTrain
National Emergency Response and Rescue
Training Center
Questions?
http://teexweb.tamu.edu/nerrtc
H. Lobdell