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READING TABLES
Why do texts often contain tables?
A compact and systematic way of presenting large amount of information in a small space
Often contain the evidence to substantiate arguments
Must be read as an integral part of the text.
Statements in the text and information in the tables should correspond – need to refer to the tables while reading text.
Examine the TITLE
Examine the COLUMN HEADINGS
What does the FOOTNOTE tell us?
“Modernization”, Przeworski pg 173
Now make sense of the NUMBERS
The present democracy in Sweden was established in 1918 and the level of income per capita at that time was $1919.
The level of income per capita in Finland when it suffered a reversal was $1974
SUMMARY: How to approach a table in a text:
What does the text say about the table?
Examine the title
Examine the row and column headings
Examine the footnotes
Units of measurement
Relationships within the table (between rows, between columns etc.)
Make sense of the numbers
Are there any obvious trends?
What does the text say about the table? Do you agree?
Total income of countryTotal population
Bigger
Smaller
Bigger
Smaller
Less democratic
More democratic
More democratic - wealthier
Total populationTotal number of doctors
(divided by 1000)
In a wealthy country do we expect these numbers to be bigger or smaller?
Smaller
Bigger
Smaller
Bigger
More democratic - wealthier
telephones X 1000population
In a wealthy country do we expect these numbers to be bigger or smaller?
Bigger
Smaller
Bigger
Smaller
More democratic - wealthier
FOR students doing augmented tutorials:The tutorial next week will focus on understanding Table 1 and the text that relates to it in the reading “Modernization” 1997 by Przeworski and Limongi.”
Suggestion for all students: practice techniques covered today on this table
READING GRAPHS AND CHARTS
Why do texts often contain graphs (or charts)?
A compact and systematic way of presenting large amount of information in a small space and reveal relationships
Often contain the evidence to substantiate arguments
Must be read as an integral part of the text.
Statements in the text and information in the graphs should correspond – need to refer to the graphs while reading text.
What does a point on this chart represent?
44% of countries with income of $4000/cap are democratic
We use this as an estimate for the probability that any country with that income will be democratic
LINE OF BEST FIT: a line that is closest to all the points
Secondly:The points lie close to the line (there is only a little scatter) So this is a STRONG RELATIONSHIP