Reading performance of animal radio frequencytransponders

Pieter Hogewerf, Henk van Roest & Kees van ‘t KloosterInnovative Modern Agriculture - Wageningen

IMA-Wageningen

WageningenThe Netherlands

Pieter Hogewerf, 37th ICAR Session and InterBull, 3rd of June 2010, Riga, Latvia

Animal Identification standards: ISO 11784 & ISO 11785

Pieter Hogewerf, 37th ICAR Session and InterBull, 3rd of June 2010, Riga, Latvia

ISO 11784: Radiofrequency identification of animals –

Code structure

ISO 11785: Radiofrequency identification of animals –

Technical concept

• HDX

• FDX-B

Animal Identification standards: Test procedures

Pieter Hogewerf, 37th ICAR Session and InterBull, 3rd of June 2010, Riga, Latvia

Test procedures:

• Developed by

ISO TC23\SC19\WG3

ICAR

• Procedures for:

Transponders

Transceivers

• Guaranteeing worldwide readability

• Making a founded selection of the available products

• Registration authority: ICAR (www.icar.org)

ISO 11784 & ISO 11785 conformance testing

ISO 24631-1: Radiofrequency identification of animals -- Part 1:

Evaluation of conformance of RFID transponders with ISO 11784 and

ISO 11785 (including granting and use of a manufacturer code)

• Readability check:Read by reference reader

Telegram structure

Identification code

CRC calculation (cycle redundancy check)

• Quality checkResonance frequencies

Modulation side bands

• Responsibility has been taken for guaranteeing uniqueness IDCountry codes [001 .. 899 (ISO 3166) + 12 digit id code] Uniqueness of codes national responsibility!!!!

Manufacturer code [901 .. 998 + 12 digit id code]

Shared manufacturer code [900 + specific 12 digit id code]

Pieter Hogewerf, 37th ICAR Session and InterBull, 3rd of June 2010, Riga, Latvia

ISO 24631-1 conformance tested products 2010-06

Pieter Hogewerf, 37th ICAR Session and InterBull, 3rd of June 2010, Riga, Latvia

05

101520253035404550

Conformance tests [269] Transponders types conformanceapproved [269]

Tag [130]

Inject [74]

Bolus [51]

Tag attachment [11]

Legtag [3]

Technology used in conformanceapproved products [269]

FDX-B [210]

HDX [59]

Manufacturer codes granted [102]

MFC [49]

Shared MFC [53]

Principle of RFID (reading process)

Transponder field /

sensitivity transceiver

Demodulation of signal

Transceiver field /

sensitivity transponder

Readability influenced by transceiver & transponder

Independent testing

Pieter Hogewerf, 37th ICAR Session and InterBull, 3rd of June 2010, Riga, Latvia

Possible approach for testing

• Test every reader with every transponderComplexExpensiveWhat to use as approval criteria

• Use a ‘golden reader’ as referenceWho will provide such a reader (RFID manufacturer?)Will it be available for every test centerHow to calibrate

• Approach was chosen to measure physical parameters

“Electronic passports” and item managementtest procedures measuring physical parameters

Pieter Hogewerf, 37th ICAR Session and InterBull, 3rd of June 2010, Riga, Latvia

ISO 24631-3: Radiofrequency identification of animals -- Part 3:Evaluation of performance of RFID transponders conforming withISO 11784 and ISO 11785

Parameters measured:• Transponder minimum activating field strength

(energy needed for full telegram)

• Transponder modulation amplitude(strength of the transponder signal)

• FDX-B bit length stability• HDX frequency stability

(correct tuning antenna circuit)

Pieter Hogewerf, 37th ICAR Session and InterBull, 3rd of June 2010, Riga, Latvia

ISO 11784 & ISO 11785 performance testingtransponders

ISO 24631-3 test configuration

“Helmholtz Coils”:• Configuration can easily be configured• Generates reproducible field• Independent from a reader brand• Balanced for FDX-B & HDX

CN

MNAmplifier

Amplifier

Codegenerator

Low passfilter

Oscilloscope

PC with IEEECard

SC

HTA1

HSC1

HTA2

HSC2

TUT

IEEE Interface

Trigger

50

Measurement antenna configuration

Pieter Hogewerf, 37th ICAR Session and InterBull, 3rd of June 2010, Riga, Latvia

Transponder bit stream

FDX bit stream HDX bit stream

Pieter Hogewerf, 37th ICAR Session and InterBull, 3rd of June 2010, Riga, Latvia

ISO 24631-3 information about:

• Transponder = f (field strength conditions)Estimation of the readability range of the transponder

• Transponder modulation amplitudeEstimation of the impact of electromagnetic disturbances on readability

• FDX-B bit length stability / HDX frequency stabilityEstimation of the readability of the transponder

HDX: FDX:

Pieter Hogewerf, 37th ICAR Session and InterBull, 3rd of June 2010, Riga, Latvia

0

0,01

0,02

0,03

0,04

0,05

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Dip

ole

mom

ent

[V]

Magnetic field [A/m]

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Bit l

engt

h st

abili

ty [u

s]

Magnetic field [A/m]

0

0,01

0,02

0,03

0,04

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Dip

ole

mom

ent [

V]

Magnetic field [A/m]

99900000000025 99900000000003 99900000000016 99900000000010 99900000000021 Average

0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Freq

uenc

y st

abili

ty [

Hz]

Magnetic field [A/m]

1e St. '1' 1e St. '0' 2e St. '1' 2e St. '0 ' 3e St. '1' 3e St. '0'

4e St. '1' 4e St. '0' 5e St. '1' 5e St. '0 ' Stabi lity '1' Stability '0'

ISO 24631-3 performance tested products 2010-06

Pieter Hogewerf, 37th ICAR Session and InterBull, 3rd of June 2010, Riga, Latvia

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

2009 2010

Performance tests [43] Transponder types performanceevaluated [43]

Tag [25]

Inject [3]

Bolus [15]

Technology used in performanceevaluated products [43]

FDX-B [35]

HDX [8]

Manufacturers performanceevaluated product [20]

FDX-B[20]

HDX [3]

Transponders that have been performance tested

Pieter Hogewerf, 37th ICAR Session and InterBull, 3rd of June 2010, Riga, Latvia

Activation field & Modulation amplitudeReading distance

Pieter Hogewerf, 37th ICAR Session and InterBull, 3rd of June 2010, Riga, Latvia

Transceivers FDX (14) HDX (5)

Ear tag: 15, bolus: 4 (3 transponders of every type)

Combination of Activation field & Modulationamplitude

Pieter Hogewerf, 37th ICAR Session and InterBull, 3rd of June 2010, Riga, Latvia

y = 0,5163x - 0,901R² = 0,7328

y = 0,5573x - 4,0142R² = 0,8922

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

40 50 60 70 80 90

Read

ing

dist

ance

[cm

]

Combination Dipole Moment & Activation field strength

Av FDX Av HDX Lineair (Av FDX) Lineair (Av HDX)

Pieter Hogewerf, 37th ICAR Session and InterBull, 3rd of June 2010, Riga, Latvia

ISO 11784 & ISO 11785 test procedures transceivers

ISO 24631-2: Radiofrequency identification of animals -- Part 2:Evaluation of conformance of RFID transceivers with ISO 11784and ISO 11785

• Already 4 transceivers have been conformance evaluated

ISO 24631-4: Radiofrequency identification of animals -- Part 2:Evaluation of performance of RFID transceivers conforming withISO 11784 and ISO 11785

• No transceivers have been performance tested so far.

Conclusions and remarks

ISO 24631-1 transponder conformance test• Procedure already in use for 15 years• Number of tests per year is increasing

ISO 24631-3 transponder performance test• Technology independent• Test results are reproducible• Equipment is not complex & commercially available• Test results show high correlation with reading distance• Since beginning of last year high number of test performed

ISO 24631-2 transceiver conformance test• First products have been conformance approved

ISO 24631-3 transponder performance test• Procedure is available• At this stage no products tested

Pieter Hogewerf, 37th ICAR Session and InterBull, 3rd of June 2010, Riga, Latvia

Questions

Pieter Hogewerf, 37th ICAR Session and InterBull, 3rd of June 2010, Riga, Latvia

Programmable code generator Agilent 33220A

Rohde & Schwarz UHF attenuator

Amplifier Research 25A250A amplifier

Agilent 54622D Oscilloscope

Labview 8.2 software IMA Wageningen

Helmholtz coils IMA Wageningen