READ!

Unit 4: Learning and Cognition

Chapter 6: Learning

Warm up 03/11● What does it mean to learn?

Classical Conditioning● Learning

○ Relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience.

● stimulus - produces reaction● response - reaction● conditioning - learning

● Ivan Pavlov○ mouth watering in dogs○ rang a bell when feeding dogs○ dogs started to salivate when the bell

was rung

Classical Conditioning

● US, UR, CR, and CS○ unconditioned stimulus - dog food○ unconditioned response -salivating

dog○ conditioned response - salivating to

bell○ conditioned stimulus - bell causing

salivating○ neutral stimulus - bell without dog

food

Classical Conditioning

● Adaptation○ taste aversion

■ learned aversion to a particular food■ getting sick eating candy corn and not

wanting to eat it again

○ extinction■ Loss of receptivity to the CS If the US is not

presented .

Classical Conditioning

● Adaptation ○ spontaneous recovery

■ Extinction ceases and the organism begins to respond to the CS with the presentation of the US.

■ the appearance of a formerly extinguished response, following a rest period.

Classical Conditioning

● Adaptation○ Generalization

■ responding to similar stimulus the same way

○ Discrimination■ not responding to similar stimulus in the

same way

Classical Conditioning

● Application○ Flooding

■ exposed to stimulus for long time to get rid of fear

○ systematic desensitization■ relaxation techniques while confronted

with a frightening stimulus

○ counter-conditioning■ pleasant stimulus with a fearful one

Classical Conditioning

● Create a four panel comic that depicts an act of classical conditioning○ must be original

■ no Pavlovian dogs or examples I’ve given

○ must be colored○ Panel 1 = neutral stimulus○ Panel 2 = Unconditioned Stimulus and

Response○ Panel 3= Neutral and Unconditioned

Stimulus paired○ Panel 4 = Conditioned Stimulus and

Response

Classical Conditioning Comic

● stimulus● response● conditioning

○ classical & operant● unconditioned

stimulus● unconditioned

response● conditioned response● conditioned stimulus● taste aversion● schedule of

reinforcements● continuous

reinforcement ● observational

learning

Chapter 6 Vocab - Learning● extinction● spontaneous recovery● generalization● discrimination● flooding● systematic

desensitization● counterconditioning● reinforcement● primary & secondary

reinforcers● partial reinforcement● shaping● latent learning

Warm Up 11/22● Is learning permanent? Why or why

not?

● How are you rewarded when you do something right?

● How are you punished when you do something wrong?○ Consider school, home, work, etc.

Warm Up 03/12

● learning from the consequences of your actions○ voluntary responses rather than

biological reactions● B.F. Skinner

○ Project Pigeon■ Pigeons guide missiles to targets■ given treats for hitting the correct target

Operant Conditioning

● Reinforcement○ “Skinner Box”○ reinforcement is anything that could

increase a wanted behavior

Operant Conditioning

● Types of Reinforcers○ Reinforcer - anything that encourages a

behavior to happen again○ Primary Reinforcers

■ keep people alive■ food, water, shelter

○ Secondary Reinforcers■ money, attention, social approval, etc.

Operant Conditioning

● Types of Reinforcers○ Positive

■ given something that you want■ food, money, praise, etc.

○ negative■ take away something that you don’t want■ don’t have to do chores, homework, etc.

Operant Conditioning

● Rewards○ positive reinforcements

● Punishment○ positive - give something unpleasant

■ spanking, chores, lecture, etc.

○ negative - take away something you want■ cell phone, car, etc.

○ not as effective as reinforcements

Operant Conditioning

1.Warm ups2.sleep survey3.questions about meditation, BFT, &

Hypnosis4.Pavlov Comic

● Groups of 4● Write and perform a skit

○ 1 positive reinforcement○ 1 negative reinforcement○ 1 positive punishment○ 1 negative punishment

● turn in scripts after you present

Skit

READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!READ!

READ!

● Do you think punishments or rewards are more effective? Why?

Warm Up 03/13

● Schedules of Reinforcement○ Continuous - reinforcing behavior every

time it happens○ partial - reinforcing the behavior some

of the time○ interval - time passes between

intervals

Operant Conditioning

● Schedules of Reinforcement○ ratio - behavior must happen a certain

# of times between reinforcements■ fixed-ratio - set amount of behaviors■ variable-ratio - can happen at any time

Operant Conditioning

● Extinction○ repeated performance of behavior

without reinforcement

Operant Conditioning

● What we think of as learning…● Latent learning

○ not all learning is reinforced○ knowledge can be dormant until you

need it

Cognitive Learning

● Observational Learning○ learning by watching others○ Albert Bandura

■ Social Learning theory■ Bobo doll experiment■ children more likely to replicate violent

behavior when they see an adult do it

Cognitive Learning

● Observational Learning○ Violence in the Media

■ contributing factor to aggression■ emotional desensitization■ higher tendency to commit violent acts■ Do you buy it? Do video games make kids

more violent?

Cognitive Learning

Dance it out

● Individually, pick the schedule of reinforcement that you think would work the best for teaching behaviors.

● Think of an example of this schedule, then draw a picture of your example as if it were being posted to instagram.○ color it (you can even choose a “filter”

if you want)○ Give it a caption○ Get your classmates to like it?

Schedules...

• Have you been successful in school?• Do you think you learn in school?

Warm Up 10/15

● How did you learn to drive?● How did you learn to read?

Warm Up 10/14

● Preview○ getting some idea about the subject

before you learn● Question

○ becoming an active learner○ set goals of what you want to learn

■ ask specific questions about those goals

PQ4R Method

● Read○ with the purpose of answering your

questions● reflect

○ relate old and new info● recite

○ repeating info ● Review

○ look back over what you learned

PQ4R Method