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Reaction of Germany to Versailles. Was it justified?. A. German reaction: Humiliation, Outrage & Anger. Read p 35. Fredrich Ebert. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Reaction of Germany to Versailles. Was it justified?
A. German reaction: Humiliation, Outrage & Anger
Read p 35
Fredrich Ebert
We want a fair treaty and got nothing of that sort. The Germany population feels angry and in part humiliated by the terms. This treaty does not stand for right. It is a dictated peace that will provoke fresh hatred between the nations. This peace will not be a peace that will last.
B. Allied View: Justified & Best Possible Compromise
C. Best Possible Compromise
Russian Surrender - Treaty of Brest Litovsk
Overthrow of Tsar Nicholas II
Russia Becomes a Communist State after the October Revolution. The USSR is created
Brest-Litovsk
- 25% territory
- 34% population
- 50% industries
- 80% coalmines
- 300 million gold roubles
Versailles
- 13% territory
- 12.5% population
- nearly 50% industries
- 16% coalmines
- 6.6 billion pounds
French Intentions: Revenge
- Not Harsh enough
- Pressure from Britain and France
- French disappointed with him for not exacting a harsher treaty
- Voted him out in 1920 French Presidential elections
British Intentions: Justice
- Versailles was too harsh
- “a great pity”
- predicted another world war would occur because of the deep resentment among the Germans
- Generally glad about the treaty
USA: Wilsonian Internationalism and
Idealism
1856-1924
- treaty was too harsh
- pressure from Britain and France
- Stroke in October 1919 that totally incapicitated him and it was kept from the public till his death.
- Golden opportunity for US involvement in the Leage mised.
- US senate rejected TOV and League
C. Dissatisfaction of Italy
Vittorio Orlando
Treaty of London - negotiated secretly by France, Russia, and Britain with
Italy a. loan of £50 million
b. promise to support Italy's extensive territorial demands after the
war - Trent, Southern Tyrol, Istria, Gorizia and Dalmatia
Italy was granted Trentino, Trieste, (the German-speaking), South Tyrol, and Istria.
But Dalmatia was excluded, as was Fiume;
A postcard from that period.
Japanese Possessions
E. Japan’s Reaction
German rights to Jiaozhou Bay or Kiaochow in Shandong
Japan’s proposed Racial Equality Clause is rejected
Reactions & Demands of China
Zhanqiao pier, Qingdao
Hua Shilou building Qingdao
Qufu, Shandong. Birthplace of Confucius
- Feb 20 1917, Russo-Japanese agreement. Russia recognized 21 Demands and Russian gains in Outehr Mongolio recognized.
- Feb 21 1917 Anglo-Japanese agreement. Shantung for British claims to German islands in pacific south of the Equator
- Similar treaties with Italy and France
- Nov 1917, Lansing-Ishii Agreement of Nov
- Sept 1918, Secret Pact between Beijing and Tokyo. Loan of 20 million Yen to China & Japanese rights to build 2 railways in Shantung and station troops
May 4th Movement