REACH “LEW” Session #2. 3/7/2009

REACH “LEW” Session #2. 3/7/2009

• Mr. Murphy• Session focus: • Thematic Essays (FRQ’s) on the AP Exam• Class structure:• Here are the primary focal points of this

session:

AP Review

• My Review Page:

http://www.fdmurphy.com/htdocs/global/apreviewpage.html


• Please turn off all cell phones• Thank You!• AP Exam on May 8th, 2009• 12:00 – 3:15• We have more than two months remaining.• Here are some review tips for you to consider

in the coming weeks:


• Overview of the Thematic essay• Thematic Review: A look at the 19th Century• Primary Themes• Critical Chronological Turning points• “Robot” and “PERSIA” Two ways to look at

the analysis of the Thematic Essay• Practice on Thematic Essay Analysis• Composing the introduction

Constructing an AP Thematic Essay

• Thematic Essays will rely heavily on a few basic building blocks:• There will be a central issue that is tied to a

historical movement, person, event, trend, revolution, war treaty…(well, you get the picture)

• They are not looking for you to write as much as you can about the Reformation, for example, though you clearly will have to provide information concerning the topic presented.

Constructing an AP Thematic Essay

• Your strength will be in your ability to provide not only information on the topic, but your ability to – Assess – Evaluate– Comment on– Find the significance of

• The topic…

PERSIA Elaboration

• POLITICAL– Leadership– Military– Types of rule/government– Wars– Treaties– Participation (Parliament, Diet, etc.)– Territorial expansion

PERSIA Elaboration

• ECONOMIC– Trade– Money/barter– Products– Banking– Jobs, work– Standard of living; gap between rich and poor– Taxes– Technology/inventions

PERSIA Elaboration

• RELIGIOUS–Religion/gods/worship–Religious culture/customs–Religious acts by leaders–Religious minorities &

responses

PERSIA Elaboration

• SOCIAL–Gender roles–Family; children–Education–Leisure–Customs–Disease

PERSIA Elaboration

• INTELLECTUAL– Philosophy– Science– Literature– Attitudes, especially toward institutions

• ARTISTIC– Characteristics of art and architecture – Reflection of the era

The 19th century

• Let’s take a look at a critical century in the Western European History: the ninteenth century

• Here is a quick and seemingly obvious hint:• Any time you see a century referred to on the

exam, always convert it to the “hundreds”• It sounds simple, but can make a world of

difference at times.

19th Century Themes:

• Lets take a look at some of the critical theme that shaped the 19th century.

• Remember as you write, try and think about how you might be able to wrote about a particular theme.

• What do you remember?• Are there key events that apply?• Does the theme represent s critical turning point or

change?• Can you assess the importance of this theme?

Conservatism Characteristics: 1815 – 1830

• Strong Landed Aristocracy • Influence of the Church• Monarchies in Power• Family Dynasties• Anti-Constitution• Anti-Nationalist

Ultraroyalism in France in the

1920’s

Ultraroyalism in France in the

1920’s

Habsburg Dynasty resists

Magyar Nationalism

Habsburg Dynasty resists

Magyar Nationalism

Carlsbad Decrees in

German States

Carlsbad Decrees in

German States

Corn Laws; Peterloo

Massacre; Six Acts

Corn Laws; Peterloo

Massacre; Six Acts

Congress of ViennaCongress of Vienna

ExamplesExamples

Liberalism Characteristics 1815 - 1830

• Limit Arbitrary Power• Govt. as consent of the Governed• Representative assemblies• Constitutions• Protect Property of Individuals

Challenge to Bourbon control in France

Challenge to Bourbon control in France

Habsburg Dynasty

confronted by Magyar

Nationalism

Habsburg Dynasty

confronted by Magyar

Nationalism

Nationalist movements in

Habsburg Austria


Habsburg Austria

Student protestors in German

States


States

Protesters at Peterloo Protesters at Peterloo

Examples

Examples

Nationalism Characteristics 1815 - 1848

• Popular Sovereignty• National Identity: Language/History• Ethnic Sovereignty• Opposition to Dynasties• Folk Culture• Self-Determination

Challenges to Bourbon control in France

Challenges to Bourbon control in France

Serbia become as independent

State

Serbia become as independent

State


Habsburg Austria


Habsburg Austria


States


States

Greek Independence

1829

Greek Independence

1829

Examples

Examples

Characteristics of Romanticism

• Imagination• Impact of Nature on Man• Mysticism• God found in Nature• Emotion• Folk Culture

Wordsworth; “My Heart

Leaps Up”

Wordsworth; “My Heart

Leaps Up”

The Brothers Grimm: Fairy

Tales

The Brothers Grimm: Fairy

Tales

William Blake;

“Newton”

William Blake;

“Newton”

Frankenstein;Mary Shelly

Frankenstein;Mary Shelly

John Constable;

Landscapes

John Constable;

Landscapes

ExamplesExamples

Characteristics of the First Industrial Revolution

• Driven by agricultural innovation and population rise

• Critical inventions change methods of manufacture and labor sources

• Britain is advantaged in many areas; will lead the rest of Europe

Socialism will grow as a

response to inequities

Socialism will grow as a

response to inequities

Child labor and women in the work force are

key issues

Child labor and women in the work force are

key issues

Textiles will drive this first

revolution

Textiles will drive this first

revolution

Laissez Faire Economics will create a host of

problems

Laissez Faire Economics will create a host of

problems

Steam engine =

new power source

Steam engine =

new power source

1st Industrial Revolution

1st Industrial Revolution

Characteristics of Utopian Socialism

• Govt. to administer Wealth and Property St. Simon

• Create Ideal Work EnvironmentsRobert Owen

• Re-create communities on agrarian standardsFourier

They questioned

how the market worked

They questioned

how the market worked

They did not decry

Capitalism

They did not decry

Capitalism

These are not

Marxists!!!

These are not

Marxists!!!

All proposed radial ideas in re-structuring

society

All proposed radial ideas in re-structuring

society

Address Industrial impact on Society

Address Industrial impact on Society

IssuesIssues

History of Marxism: “Scientific Socialism”

• Was a response to the “separation ideology” of Utopian Socialists

• Influenced heavily by Hegel; Thesis; Antithesis; Synthesis

• All prior history and conflict is tied to economic inequities

This revolution will never occur

This revolution will never occur

Revolution will create a

classless society

Revolution will create a

classless society

Revolution is a

historical inevitability

Revolution is a

historical inevitability

Proletarians are a new species of

worker

Proletarians are a new species of

worker

Bourgeoisie no longer politically

active

Bourgeoisie no longer politically

active

Marxist Basics

Marxist Basics

Characteristics of the Second Industrial Revolution

• Driven by “New Industries” – Steel, Chemicals Oil

• Electricity is the new power source• Railways, Automobiles create demand for

materials and drive business

Unionism represents a

broader spectrum of

worker

Unionism represents a

broader spectrum of

worker

Women play an

increasingly complex role

Women play an

increasingly complex role

A “degree” of reform

addresses workers issues

A “degree” of reform

addresses workers issues

Re-design of many urban

centers

Re-design of many urban

centers

Greater growth and diversity in the middle

class

Greater growth and diversity in the middle

class

2nd Industrial

Revolution

2nd Industrial

Revolution

Characteristics of the New Age of Imperialism

• Differs greatly from previous colonial eras in both motivation and execution

• Issues of Nationalism, Social Darwinism, Industrial Imperatives and Military motives prevail

• Settlement is less of an issue than access to Raw Materials and Cheap labor

The Far East; S.E. Asia and China; France, Britain

The Far East; S.E. Asia and China; France, Britain

Genocide in the Belgian Congo

Genocide in the Belgian Congo

The Boer War; British and Dutch in South Africa

The Boer War; British and Dutch in South Africa

British control of East Africa: Cape to Cairo

British control of East Africa: Cape to Cairo

Congress of Berlin: 1884-5 Scramble for

Africa

Congress of Berlin: 1884-5 Scramble for

Africa

Critical issues:Critical issues:

Key Dates: 1815

• Big Concepts• Attempt to re-establish the conservative

order/Ancien Regime – avoid any more turmoil• Beginning of Liberal Political thought, • Nationalism in the German States begins to identify

common heritage/language and history• Romanticism in Literature, Art serves as a contrast

to Enlightenment Rationalism

Rise of Nationalism/

Outgrowth from Romanticism

Rise of Nationalism/

Outgrowth from Romanticism

Beginning of Liberalism as Opposition/

England

Beginning of Liberalism as Opposition/

England

Conservatism as “Status Quo” in

Europe

Conservatism as “Status Quo” in

Europe

Congress of Vienna/Re-Est.

of Ancien Regime

Congress of Vienna/Re-Est.

of Ancien Regime

Waterloo and the end of the French Empire

Waterloo and the end of the French Empire

18151815

Key Dates: 1830

• Big Concepts:• Liberal Challenges to the Conservative order

fall largely short of their goals• Nationalism takes root in both Greece and

Serbia, a pre-cursor to the Balkan Crisis• Decembrist Revolt in Russia the first real

challenge to Tsarist control, shows the impact of Napoleonic Code

Decembrist revolt in 1825/ Precedent for

Russian resistance

Decembrist revolt in 1825/ Precedent for

Russian resistance

Poland fails in revolution and

becomes A Russian Possession

Poland fails in revolution and

becomes A Russian Possession

Belgium Gains independence from Holland

Belgium Gains independence from Holland

July Revolution in France/

Conservatism partially

Challenged

July Revolution in France/

Conservatism partially

Challenged

Serbia gains Independence/ Greece in 1829

Serbia gains Independence/ Greece in 1829

18301830

Key Dates: 1832

• Big Concepts:• England is beginning to address the needs of

a growing industrial working class, child labor and the growth of the middle class.

• The Formation of the German Zollverein shows the impact of napoleon and the desire to compete with the West.

• We see the formative stages of a growing Irish Nationalist movement

Daniel O’Connell Pushes for Irish

Nationalism

Daniel O’Connell Pushes for Irish

Nationalism

English Factory Act passed;

addresses Child Labor (1834)

English Factory Act passed;

addresses Child Labor (1834)

The Zollverein is formed in the German States

(1834)

The Zollverein is formed in the German States

(1834)

Catholic Emancipation Act passed in Britain (1829)

Catholic Emancipation Act passed in Britain (1829)

Great Reform Bill is passed in

Britain

Great Reform Bill is passed in

Britain

18321832

Key Dates: 1848

• Big Concepts:• 1848 shows the near European wide conflict

between the forces of Liberalism and Conservatism

• To a large degree, despite temporary gains, liberal politics fails to overthrow the conservative regime

• A key shit is that nationalist movements will now shift from issues of constitutions and representative govts. To those of militarism and national identity

The Communist Manifesto is

published

The Communist Manifesto is

published

Prussia’s Frankfurt

Parliament “defeats”

Liberalism

Prussia’s Frankfurt

Parliament “defeats”

Liberalism

Defeat of Italian “Romantic

Republicanism”

Defeat of Italian “Romantic

Republicanism”

Habsburgs Resist Magyar

Nationalism

Habsburgs Resist Magyar

Nationalism

Revolution in France:

Napoleon III Second Republic

Revolution in France:

Napoleon III Second Republic

18481848

Key Dates: 1871

• Big Concepts:• Germany is unified, and will determine the balance

of power in Europe for the next 70 yrs.• Britain is wavering between the Conservative

ministries of Disraeli and the liberal rule of Gladstone.

• Austria is entering a period of time where they are struggling to exist in an increasingly nationalist Europe

Education Act (1870); Public

Health Act (1875) Britain

Education Act (1870); Public

Health Act (1875) Britain

Paris Commune Repressed in

France

Paris Commune Repressed in

France

Austro- Hungarian

Empire Declared (1867)

Austro- Hungarian

Empire Declared (1867)

Second Reform Act passed in

England (1867)

Second Reform Act passed in

England (1867)

German Empire Proclaimed: Unification Complete

German Empire Proclaimed: Unification Complete

18711871

Key Dates: 1884-5

• Big Concepts• The New Age of Imperialism will subjugate

peoples on Africa and Asia• Alliances in central Europe begin the March to

WWI• The Home Rule issue in Ireland continues to

dig at the British

Van Gogh creates

prodigiously at Arles (1888-9)

Van Gogh creates

prodigiously at Arles (1888-9)

Triple Alliance: Germany,

Austria/Hung and Italy (1882)

Triple Alliance: Germany,

Austria/Hung and Italy (1882)

Gladstone supports Irish

Home Rule/Fabian Society Formed

Gladstone supports Irish

Home Rule/Fabian Society Formed

Tsar Alexander I Assassinated in Russia (1881)

Tsar Alexander I Assassinated in Russia (1881)

Congress of Berlin

partitioned Africa

Congress of Berlin

partitioned Africa

1884-51884-5

Tips for thematic Essays: “ROBOT”

• Read the question• Organize• Brainstorm• Outline• Thesis

“ROBOT”•Read the Question:

• Decide exactly what the question is asking you to do

• Focus on key words that provide direction and focus

• Remember, you are graded on your ability to answer all parts of the question

“ROBOT”•Organize

• Here, you have to consider what type of question it is:

• Compare/contrast• Change over time• Cause and Effect• Type will determine the steps necessary

“ROBOT”• Brainstorm:

• Can you place the topic in its historical context?

• What are the component parts that oyou have to answer

• Can you make three key points, with supporting details?

“ROBOT”• Organize• Here you are to use your graphic organizers• T-charts• Venn Diagrams• You are not composing the essay yet, you are

visualizing your key steps

“ROBOT”• Thesis• Properly done, your thesis will drive the rest

of your essay• The thesis should address the overall theme• It should reflect the fact that you understand

all facets of the question (trigger words)• And, it should address, briefly, three specific

tasks that you intend to address

ROBOT

• The Most common types of FRQ’s (Free Response Questions) are

• One’s that require Analysis/Assessment• Compare and Contrast• Changes over Time• Describe and Discuss

“ROBOT”• Here is a question from the 2003 AP Exam:• ’03 “Compare and contrast political liberalism

with political conservatism in the first half of the nineteenth century in Europe.”

• Now, if we were to apply the ROBOT scenario to this question what might happen?

• Let’s read it first• (I know, we all know how to read…)

“ROBOT”• ’03 “Compare and contrast political liberalism

with political conservatism in the first half of the nineteenth century in Europe.”

• What do our trigger words tell us:• We have to present similarities• We have to present differences• And, we should be able to present some core

characteristics of each.• This really represents the first three steps in ROBOT

“ROBOT”

• ’03 “Compare and contrast political liberalism with political conservatism in the first half of the nineteenth century in Europe.”

• Organize:• Here you have to think visually, and use

graphic organizer to begin to visualize the essay

Cons/Lib: Comp/Contrast

• Differences between• Point 1• Point 2• Point 3

• Similarities between• Point 1• Point 2• Point 3

“ROBOT”

• Thesis that is composed based on your organizational model.

• Remember, the thesis should reflect all aspects of the question.

• So, what are the component parts of the thesis?

Thesis Construction

• There should be an opening where you are able to contextualize the over all topic.

• You need then to address the specific facets of the question; essentially, you let the reader know that you understand the question.

• There should be a some reflection of understanding as you identify specific issues you will address in light of the question.

Thesis Construction

• “Compare and contrast political liberalism with political conservatism in the first half of the nineteenth century in Europe.”

• Start with a big statement contextualizing this issue.

• Reflect the “sides” of the question.• Transition to Body I

Mock Thesis

• “In the aftermath of the Vienna settlement, two seemingly divergent political ideologies seemed to stratify the European political landscape. Though liberalism and conservatism seemed eternally split over issues like constitutional reform, the role of the church in body politic and aristocratic privilege, they were curiously aligned over economic liberalism and their distrust of the lower classes in the political process. The period before 1850 saw conflicts between these groups as well as unified fronts over common adversaries.”

Sample Thematic Essays

• '89: Between 1750 and 1850 more and more Western Europeans were employed in cottage industry and in factory production. Analyze how these two types of employment affected employer-employee relations, working condition, family relations and the standard of living during this period.

Thematic Essay Analysis

• What type of question is this?• How does it fit in to the PERSIA Model?• What type of organizational model might we

use?


• '77: Discuss the origins and evolution of European liberalism as a political movement during the nineteenth century.


• What type of question is this?• How does it fit in to the PERSIA Model?• What type of organizational model might we

use?

Documents

REACH “LEW” Session #2. 3/7/2009