R&D on Industrial Heat

Pumps

S. Spoelstra

July 2014

ECN-L--14-039

www.ecn.nl

R&D on Industrial Heat Pumps

Simon Spoelstra

ECN – Biomass & Energy Efficiency

Content

• Industrial energy use & waste heat

• Heat pump concepts

• Summary & outlook

Industrial energy use & waste heat

• Use of heat in industry accounts for 80 % of the final energy use

• Temperature level very diverse (< 100°C tot > 1000°C)

• Total industrial energy use is available as waste heat

• Amount of waste heat decreases with temperature

• Large heat demand @ high temperature Large waste heat sources @ low temperature => Industrial heat pumps

Industrial heat pump requirements

• Operating temperature

• Temperature lift

• Scale

• Economics

Heat pump concepts in industry

Heat source

Heat

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50°C 100°C 150°C

100°C

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250°C

ambient Solar / geothermal / Industrial waste heat

current heat pump technologies

VC – New working media

• Media – CO2

– Hydrocarbons

– Water

– R245fa

– ….

• ECN project at paper mill – SmurfitKappa

– IBK

– Bronswerk Heat Transfer

Vapor compression heat pump

- paper mill -

Full scale - 10% savings on steam use

Pilot - 200 kWth

Heat source

Heat

dem

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50°C 100°C 150°C

100°C

150°C

200°C

0°C

Spac

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cess

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Ch

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ical

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ust

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rie

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250°C

ambient Solar / geothermal / Industrial waste heat

current heat pump technologies

Thermoacoustic heat transformer

Waste heat temperature 140°C Process heat temperature 190°C Chemical/refining industry Efficiency 25-30%

Heat source

Heat

dem

an

d

50°C 100°C 150°C

100°C

150°C

200°C

0°C

Spac

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&P

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cess

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Ch

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ical

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rie

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250°C

ambient Solar / geothermal / Industrial waste heat

current heat pump technologies

Hybrid thermochemical heat transformer

• Both thermally and electrically driven – Solid sorption system (salt – ammonia)

– NH3 compressor added

• Lower waste heat temperatures

• High temperature lifts

• Chemical/refining, food, and paper industry

Compressor test hybrid system

• Testing of a continuous component (compressor) under dynamic operation conditions of a batch sorption system.

• Poster 5.13

Heat source

Heat

dem

an

d

50°C 100°C 150°C

100°C

150°C

200°C

0°C

Spac

e

hea

tin

g P

ulp

&P

ape

r Fo

od

pro

cess

ing

Ch

em

ical

ind

ust

ry

Ref

ine

rie

s

250°C

ambient Solar / geothermal / Industrial waste heat

current heat pump technologies

Electrically driven thermoacoustic heat pump

• Flexible in operating temperature

• High temperature lifts

• Energy savings 10 – 50%

Linear motor

Heat pump

Distillation column

Bottom stream

Top stream

Reflux

Testing of electrically driven TA system

Labscale Benchscale

Tested for • 10 - 80°C • 50 - 100°C • 80 - 140°C • Efficiencies nearing 40% of Carnot

Testing currently underway

Summary & Outlook

• Large energy saving potential for heat pumps in industry, conservative estimate of 20-30% of the Industrial use for heat.

• New concepts/working media needed for higher operating temperatures and higher temperature lifts

• Technically feasible concepts under development

• Scale up and improve economics

Thanks for your attention

8

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