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RATDISSECTION
Image from: http://www.animationlibrary.com
Mammals lived at same timeas dinosaurs; mammals spread out when dinosaurs became extinct
RAT LATIN meaning
KINGDOM _____________
PHYLUM ____________________________
SUBPHYLUM ___________________________
CLASS _______________________________
ORDER _____________________________
ANIMALIA
CHORDATA
VERTEBRATA “backbone”
Mammalia “breast”
RODENTIA “to gnaw”
http://hocktamas.fw.hu/apple/apple/Faux%20Fur%20(wide%20screen).jpg
Hair or Furhttp://www.carrythememories.com/images/zebra_fur.jpg
http://www.alibaba.com/photo/50033899/Printed_Fur.jpg
Provides insulation (hold in body heat)IdentificationCamouflage
VIBRISSAE
EXTERNAL NARES
Nictitating membraneImage by Riedell/VanderWal© 2005
Nictitating membrane in Mammals
Present in most mammals
More functional in some than others
Vestigial in HUMANS
and other PRIMATES
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gray892.png
http://www.warrenphotographic.co.uk/photography/bigs/15156-Sick-kitten-showing-nictitating-membranes.jpg
SPECIALIZED TEETH
(Different shapes)
RODENTS: 2 pairs of INCISORSGrow CONTINUOUSLY
Image by Riedell/VanderWal© 2005
PINNACatches sound
Tympanic membrane (eardrum) inside ear opening
Image by Riedell/VanderWal © 2005
MAMMARY GLANDS
Modified sweat glands
Males are non-functional
Have nipples but don’t have right hormones to make milk
EXIT OPENINGSSeparate exit for feces = anus
3 openings 2 openings
FEMALEShave 3 Exit openings
Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005
MALEShave 2 Exit openings
ANUS
UROGENITAL(Excretory &Reproductiveshare)
Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005
TESTES outside body in SCROTUM
Need to be cooler than body temperature to make sperm
Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005
Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005
DIAPHRAGMImage by Riedell/VanderWal©2005
DIAPHRAGMContracts to pull in air
(negative pressure breathing)
Divides coelom into:THORACIC CAVITY heart & lungs
ABDOMINAL CAVITYdigestive, excretory, reproductive organs
Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005
SPLEEN
Peeks out from behind stomach
Makes, stores, and processes blood cells
Image by Riedell/VanderWal © 2005
PANCREAS
Makes TRYPSIN
digest proteins
Makes INSULIN
tells cells to store blood glucose as glycogen
Makes GLUCAGON
tells cells to releasestored glycogen into bloodstream as glucose
(In mesentery next to duodenum)
Image by Riedell/VanderWal © 2005
MESENTERYImage by Riedell/VanderWal©2005
Stomach
Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005
STOMACH -
Add acid/grind & mash food
SMALL INTESTINE:
DUODENUM- Add trypsin (digest proteins) & bile (digest fat)
JEJUNUM-
Finish digestion/absorb nutrients
ILEUM-
Finish digestion/absorb nutrients
VILLI-increase surface area for greater absorption
http://www.sciencephoto.com/image/432410/350wm/F0043031-Intestinal_villi,_artwork-SPL.jpg
CECUM-
“J” Pouch at junction of small and large intestine
Contain bacteria to digest plant material
LARGE INTESTINE-
Collect & Concentrate digestive waste
absorb water back from feces
RECTUM-
Last part of Large intestine
Stores feces waiting to exit
ANUS
Exit opening for digestive waste only
DID YOU KNOW?
Human small intestine = about 22 feet long
Human large intestine = 5 feet long
Food can spend as long as 4 hours in the small intestine
http://scavengerhunt.lee.k12.nc.us/digestive/digestive.jpg%20copy
TRACHEA
Cartilage rings keepairway open
Image by Riedell/VanderWal © 20075
BRONCHI
ALVEOLIIncrease surface
area for more gas exchange
http://www.daviddarling.info/images/respiratory_tract.jpg
DID YOU KNOW?
Human lungs contain: ~1,500 mi of airwaysand 300 to 500 million alveoliwith a total surface area of about 750 sq ft ~ the same area as one side of a tennis court)[2]
http://25.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_m24p94fUvU1r6aoq4o1_500.gif
LungsImage by Riedell/VanderWal©2005
Left side of heart is larger-Pumps blood to entire body
So lungs on that side are smaller
4 chamber heart/2 loops
Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005
RIGHTAtrium
RightVentricle
LungsBodyorgans
LEFTAtrium
BIRD & MAMMAL CIRCULATION
4 chambers/2 loops
LeftVentricle
SINUS VENOSUS & CONUS ARTERIOSUS ARE GONE
• Main vein returning from body = VENA CAVAMain vein from lungs = PULMONARY VEIN
• Main artery to body = AORTA• Main artery to lungs = PULMONARY
ARTERY
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/hhw/hhw_anatomy.html
DID YOU KNOW?
By the time you turn 70,
your heart will have beat
~ 2.5 billion times (70 beats per minute.)
Placed end to end, all your body's blood vessels would measure about 62,000 miles.
http://www.netanimations.net/Moving-ilustrated-picture-heart-beating-gif-animation.gif
SALIVARY GLANDS
Make digestive enzymes
Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005
AMYLASE starts digesting complex carbohydrates (starch)in mouth
SEMINAL VESICLES- Store sperm Add fluids
VAS DEFERENS- Carry sperm to seminal vesicles
EPIDIDYMIS- Mature sperm Add tails
TESTES- Make sperm
Image by Riedell/VanderWal© 2005
OVARY- Makes eggs
OVIDUCT- Carries eggs to uterus
UTERUS- place where baby grows
VAGINA- Exit for baby VIVIPARITY-
Baby grows inside mom nourished by placenta
Image by Riedell/VanderWal© 2005
Image by Riedell/VanderWal© 2005
KIDNEYSExcrete nitrogen wasteOsmoregulation
Image by Riedell/VanderWal © 2005
URETERSCarry urine to bladder
URINARY BLADDER
Image by Riedell/VanderWal © 2005
URETHRAcarries urine from bladder to exit
DID YOU KNOW?
Avg human urine production~ 4 oz/hour
~ 1-2 quarts/day
http://simoesandpatelmd.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Kidney-infection-kidney-infection-symptoms.png