ORGANISATION

ASM Example

GUIDANCE

COMPETENCE

PROCESS

RESOURCE

AMMUNITION SAFETY MANAGEMENT!TOOL KIT!

!An Introduction!

John Rawson Advisor

Ammunition Safety Management GICHD

SITUATION!1.  Large volume of unmanaged

ammunition stocks!

2.  Two or three significant stockpile accidents per month!

3.  Due to multiple factors, all of which are preventable by good ammunition safety management !

4.  Current standards in IATG too advanced for developing regions to implement in one go!

5.  Many opportunities to improve!

DIRECTION!AIM: !Protecting vulnerable communities from explosive hazards using low cost, low technology methods!!OBJECTIVES:!1.  Develop a risk based process!

2.  Break down into stages!

3.  Collaborate / integrate with existing initiatives!

4.  Make openly available !

STAGES!STAGE 1. MAKE SAFE Find, salvage and make safe, or destroy AXO, develop & move to temporary field storage

Temp.

Field Store

Temp.

Field Store

Temp.

Field Store

STAGE 2. FIELD MANAGE

Field manage salvaged AXO In temporarily field store.

Note: Existing, unmanaged storage site

can enter at this point

Perm.

Regional Store

STAGE 3. PERMANENT STORE

Prepare & Populate Regional Permanent Storage Sites & Manage

toward IATG Compliance

Local AXO

Local STM UXO

Unused Stocks

Blow In-Situ UXO

Inspected Managed

Secured

Recorded

IATG Standard

ORGANISATION

ASM Example

GUIDANCE

COMPETENCE

PROCESS

RESOURCE

ASM Example Guidance!

Ammunition Safety Management

Annual Report | 2011

Guidance Manual

Comprehensive manual providing: User friendly translatable manual Contents to include: •  ASM Overview

•  ASM Process Guidance

•  ASM Stage Guidance

•  ASM Task Guidance

•  ASM Action Guidance

•  Using ASM Resources

•  Gaining ASM Competence

ORGANISATION

ASM Example

GUIDANCE

COMPETENCE

PROCESS

RESOURCE

ASM Example Process

Process 1 Abandoned Explosive Ordnance

(AXO) Unexploded Ordnance (UXO)

Process 2

Unmanaged Stores

Stage 1: Make Safe

Stage 1: Assess and Plan

Stage 2: Manage Ammunition

Stage 2: Manage Ammunition

Stage 3: Permanent Store

Stage 3: Permanent Store

A1

!"#$%&%'(()((%

A2

('*+',)%-.%$)(/.-0%

A3

1'2)%('!)%

A4

(-./%&%3'42%

A5

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A6

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A7

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A8

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A9

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'(1%(/)3%7%1'2)%('!)%3.-4)((%!*-<%

ASM Step 1 Site Resources ASM Step 1 Safety Resources ASM Step 1 Process

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AXO/UXO STAGE 1 – A1 FIND AND ASSESS"

ID" Action" Task:" Guidance:"

A1.1! Locate ammunition !

Ammunition Not Found: !

•  Use sketch map (if available)!•  Contact the original reporter!•  Search 50m around GPS point!•  Fill report in as nothing found !•  Form still has to be completed and submitted to remove the report from the ‘to do’ list !

Ammunition Found!•  Visually search surrounding area for hazards/vital installations. !•  Look for things that indicate the ammunition may not be what it seems, ie wires, disturbed earth.!•  Look for hazards, eg fuel tanks, electricity cables etc.!•  Check for wells, water mains and similar items vital to the community !

A1.2!

Inspect and assess the

condition of the ammunition!

!

Are safety devices present? ! •  Primer clip on base of cartridge cases, safety pins in grenades, fuze cover on etc !

Has the ammunition been fired (or thrown, armed etc as applicable). !

•  Projectiles; check driving band for rifling marks, grooves, striations etc.!•  Look at the body; is the paintwork scratched or are there any impact marks (fuze or body)!•  Are ‘Remove Before Firing’ components present; Fuze covers, augmenting cart covers!•  For rockets, mortars, rifle grenades and similar items; signs of burning around the base, tail section, venturi!•  Smoke ammunition; burning signs around emission holes!•  Is the fuze crushed/broken/missing?!•  Is any of the explosive filling exposed?!

Are there any signs of corrosion / discoloration / exudation?!

•  Check the whole item paying particular attention to joints, eg where the fuze attaches to the body; any leaking or discoloration could indicate that the explosives are breaking down chemically !

•  Powder or crystals could also be present, again indicating chemical breakdown!

Are all components present/intact? !

Check that fly off levers are not missing, augmenting carts are there, tail fins are present and complete etc !

If in container!

•  Visually check the container , Look for signs of tampering/ interference. If unsafe at any stage follow the ACTIONS IF UNSAFE AMMUNITION IS DISCOVERED AT ANY "

•  Open container & visually check the contents . If safe, empty the contents by hand looking for the same signs as the visual inspection for ammunition above. !

•  If contents are the same as the markings on the box; repack and mark box with quantity.!•  If contents are different; sort out into types of ammunition, rebox with others of the same type. Mark the box

with contents list. !

ACTIONS IF UNSAFE AMMUNITION IS DISCOVERED AT ANY STAGE. "If any ammunition is found to be unsafe during any stage stop work, move personnel to safety and carry out a risk assessment to decide how to deal with it or, if specific instructions for that item are available, follow the instruction. If danger is immediate retire to a safe distance to consider. Refer up to next level in chain of command if unsure what to do or unqualified to take actions. Notify HQ. !

Ammo Found?

Yes !"#$%&''('!")$%*'

!"#$%&+',-%.'('!")$%*'

No

/00$'1-2"3'

Yes

No

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Yes

No

Yes

No

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$%'B-%*5'

Yes

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0-%.'

Yes

No

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ASM Example Actions!

Ammunition!Found?!

Yes! Record !& Report!

Record, Mark!& Report!

No!

Ammunition ! Safe?!

Yes!

No!

Destroy !In situ?!

Conduct HIRA, Mitigate Risk,

Remove to Safe Area & Destroy!

Conduct HIRA, Mitigate Risk, !

Tamp & Destroy!

Ammunition Complete? !

No!

Yes!

No!

Yes!

Can it be Made Safe?!

No further action required!

Yes!

No!

Update Records &

Report!

A1 FIND & ASSESS!

A2 SALVAGE OR DESTROY!

A3 MAKE SAFE!

EXAMPLE: STAGE 1 - TASK & ACTIONS

ORGANISATION

ASM Example

GUIDANCE

COMPETENCE

PROCESS

RESOURCE

Site !Store !Man!

Ammunition !Trained !Person!

Site !Operations!

Site !Logistics!

Site !Labour!

Ammunition!Accounts!

Site !Administration!

Site !Security!

ASM Example Organisation!

Each function identified has a specific and integrated set of responsibilities linked to process & competence. The functional organisation is designed to expand and contract as required maximizing the use of local labour. The majority of the permanent functions can be regionally based and move to site as required; this provides a flexible management structure that is cost effective and scalable to needs.

ORGANISATION

ASM Example

GUIDANCE

COMPETENCE

PROCESS

RESOURCE

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"#$%$&!#'()'$**+&,-,(&'$&.'#/0"(1,2#1'3'!"#$%&'()*&+,!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

"#$%&'()%!*!! 22/04/2013: 08:00 '#+,!-.!*! AB01

/.0#$(.1!*!! East end of Broad Street, Hexham.

234!*!FP0123456789

'%#)!'#+,%5!*!ATP, Unit 1

"#$%!$#+,%5!*! 22/04/2013 : 07 :00

!67%8#$.8!*!

J. Bloggs - Unit 1 9.:!'($;%*!

ATP

!<%7.8$%8!*!

J. Rawson

=.1$#0$!*!0041 1234 567

!=.1>(8)%5!:?!*!

J.Bloggs

234!*!J. Bloggs

!

@$%)+!8%7.8$%5!A"%+08(7$(.1B!*!

Approx. 10 x 81mm HE Mortar Rounds, packed in poor condition.

3%8+.1!=.1>(8)(1C!D!@$%)+!4%%1!*!!

Confirmed by ATP

'

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.<45',4567'E89:;'

F4A' $=4>8:'

!8665:47'

22/04/13 81mm HE Mortar

10 DS Site cleared

E%?*! <4!<%0.F%8%5!+#;F#C%#:;%G!!

!"4!

"%+$8.?%5!(1!4($H!!!

!!!!!!

I"!! I.F%5!#15!5%+$8.?%5!!!!!

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N/A

0

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"#$%*!!22/04/2013! !

AXO/UXO STAGE 1 – A1 FIND AND ASSESS"

ID"Action"

Task:"

Guidance:"

A1.1!Locate

ammunition !

Ammunition Not Found: !

•  Use sketch map (if available)!

•  Contact the original reporter!

•  Search 50m around GPS point!

•  Fill report in as nothing found !

•  Form still has to be completed and submitted to remove the report from the ‘to do’ list !

Ammunition Found!

•  Visually search surrounding area for hazards/vital installations. !

•  Look for things that indicate the ammunition may not be what it seems, ie wires, disturbed earth.!

•  Look for hazards, eg fuel tanks, electricity cables etc.!

•  Check for wells, water mains and similar items vital to the community !

A1.2!

Inspect and

assess the

condition of the

ammunition!

!

Are safety devices present? ! •  Primer clip on base of cartridge cases, safety pins in grenades, fuze cover on etc !

Has the ammunition been

fired (or thrown, armed etc

as applicable). !

•  Projectiles; check driving band for rifling marks, grooves, striations etc.!

•  Look at the body; is the paintwork scratched or are there any impact marks (fuze or body)!

•  Are ‘Remove Before Firing’ components present; Fuze covers, augmenting cart covers!

•  For rockets, mortars, rifle grenades and similar items; signs of burning around the base, tail section, venturi!

•  Smoke ammunition; burning signs around emission holes!

•  Is the fuze crushed/broken/missing?!

•  Is any of the explosive filling exposed?!

Are there any signs of

corrosion / discoloration /

exudation?!

•  Check the whole item paying particular attention to joints, eg where the fuze attaches to the body; any leaking

or discoloration could indicate that the explosives are breaking down chemically !

•  Powder or crystals could also be present, again indicating chemical breakdown!

Are all components present/

intact? !

Check that fly off levers are not missing, augmenting carts are there, tail fins are present and complete etc !

If in container!

•  Visually check the container , Look for signs of tampering/ interference. If unsafe at any stage follow the

ACTIONS IF UNSAFE AMMUNITION IS DISCOVERED AT ANY "

•  Open container & visually check the contents . If safe, empty the contents by hand looking for the same signs

as the visual inspection for ammunition above. !

•  If contents are the same as the markings on the box; repack and mark box with quantity.!

•  If contents are different; sort out into types of ammunition, rebox with others of the same type. Mark the box

with contents list. !

ACTIONS IF UNSAFE AMMUNITION IS DISCOVERED AT ANY STAGE. "

If any ammunition is found to be unsafe during any stage stop work, move personnel to safety and carry out a risk

assessment to decide how to deal with it or, if specific instructions for that item are available, follow the instruction. If

danger is immediate retire to a safe distance to consider. Refer up to next level in chain of command if unsure what to

do or unqualified to take actions. Notify HQ. !

All resources support the core functions from three perspectives: •  Operations •  Education and •  Training

ASM Example Resources!

Criteria!

Likelihood!HIRA 1 ABANDONED EXPLOSIVE ORDNANCE (AXO) &

UNEXPLODED EXPLOSIVE ORDNANCE (UXO) !The event we are trying to mitigate is harm to people, environment and infrastructure from abandoned and unexploded explosive ordnance.!

A!V. Likely! B!

Unlikely! C!Possible! D!

Likely! E!V. Likely!

IATG level 3 compliant facilities, competent, fully staffed with

inspection regime and stock rotation. !

IATG level 1 compliant facility, good management measures and stock rotation.!

Temporary store, remote from community. Segregated & packed. !

Controlled local stockpile of segregated & packed AXO.!

Uncontrolled local stockpile of AXO and UXO.!

Cons

eque

nce!

1!Negligible! Minimal casualty, local damage.!

2!Moderate! Some casualty and localized damage.!

3!Significant! Multiple casualties’ possible fatalities, significant

damage.!4!

Severe! Multiple fatalities and numerous casualties. Local area destruction to 100+ meters. !

5!Catastrophic! Mass fatality, mass injury, wide spread destruction to

environment and infrastructure up to 5 km radius. !HIRA Model © AMDP Limited All Rights Reserved!

ORGANISATION

ASM Example

GUIDANCE

COMPETENCE

PROCESS

RESOURCE

ASM Example Competence!

Ammunition !Trained !Person!

ATP Course

Course Modules

Module Elements

ASM Competency Matrix & Modular Training Program Example Ammunition Trained Person Course Module 1 – A1 Find & Assess ID Action Competency

Assessment

A1.1 Locate Ammunition

Element 1. Ammunition Recognition At the end of this element the candidate will be able to recognize basic ammunition types and groups and describe their characteristics including lethal radius.

Task based demonstration of ability to recognize and categorize ammunition Element 2. Sketch Map At the end of this element the candidate will be able to prepare accurate sketch maps using GPS and/or compass, map and note book.

Task based drawing of sketch map in controlled area with accurate marking of features & hazards

ATP Module 1 Make Safe – Unit A1 Locate Ammunition

Learner Group: Candidate Ammunition Trained Persons

Duration: 2 Days

Aim of Module: To incrementally develop the knowledge, skills and behaviours in order to safely and effectively manage the location of

abandoned and/or unexploded ammunition

Outcomes of the unit of learning: (there is one outcome for each lesson in the unit).

1.  Describe the major categories of ammunition, there characteristics and lethal radius

2.  Demonstrate the methods of searching for ammunition as an individual and as a group

3.  Describe effective approach and recording of ammunition finds

4.  Demonstrate effective marking of the find and communications with locals regarding inherent risks

Outline Module Program:

Session: Content:

ID Duration Title

A1.1 30 mins Unit A1 Introduction Attendance Register & Administration

Safety Briefing

Program outline

APPROACH!1.  Bridge implementation gap!

2.  Risk based!!3. Local implementation!

4. Entry at any stage !(Possible APMBC / CCM / CCW integration)!

5. Systems integration !(Possible CCW/IMSMA integration)!

CRITERIA LIKELIHOOD

A V. UNLIKELY

B UNLIKELY

C POSSIBLE

D LIKELY

E V. LIKELY

PEOPLE ENVIRONMENT INFRASTRUCTURE

To the best of the HIRA teams

knowledge the hazard has not

previously occurred &

circumstances when it could

occur cannot be foreseen

To the best of the HIRA teams knowledge the

hazard has occurred at

least once but it is not likely that the conditions

needed for recurrence will

manifest themselves

To the best of the HIRA teams knowledge the hazard occurs

annually and the conditions needed for

recurrence may occur if

additional factors are present

To the best of the HIRA teams knowledge the

hazard regularly occurs more

than once a year and is likely to

occur within this calendar year

To the best of the HIRA

teams knowledge the

hazard is predicted to

occur at least once in the imminent

future / this calendar month

CONS

EQUE

NCE

1 NEGLIGIBLE

Minor injury to one or a few people requiring minor

medical attention

Minor isolated, very low volume release or discharge with no further pollution controls required, natural dissipation with no tangible impacts

Insignificant marking of land or structures, no tangible damage (E.G. item of UXO destroyed in situ well away from structures).

STAGE 3 IATG R3.1 R3.2 R3.3 R3.4

STAGE 2 End State

R2.1 R2.2 R2.3 R2.4

1C 1D 1E

2 MODERATE

Individual casualty with injuries requiring local

treatment and no long term disability

Pollution of land or water requiring local treatment with no long term

impact, further pollution would have caused long term damage

Damage to isolated individual items of infrastructure repaired

with local resources and with no long term impact.

2 2B

STAGE 1 End State

R1.1 R1.2 R1.3 R1.4

2D 2E

3 SIGNIFICANT

Casualty with serious injuries requiring hospitalization and long-term rehabilitation i.e. loss of fingers, damaged

eyesight, damage to feet / loss of toes.

Pollution of land and/or water sources rendering land or water un-useable during a crop rotation. Denial of access to useable land for less than a calendar year. Denial of a water source requiring specialist assistance to treat the impact

Destruction of the local built environment resulting in a partially reduced public service / transport

supply line. 3A 3B 3C 3D 3E

4 SEVERE

Multiple serious injured and likelihood of some mortality

Pollution of land and/or water sources rendering land or water un-useable for more than a calendar year. Denial of access to useable land for more than a calendar year. Denial of a water source for more than a calendar year

Destruction of the local built environment resulting in a reduced

public service / transport supply line in immediate 3 month period

after incident

4A 4B 4C 4D STAGE 1 Rural

5 CATASTROPHIC

Mass casualty scenario with high levels of mortality and

serious injured overwhelming insitu medical care capabilities

Pollution of land and water sources via chemical discharge, pollution of air via gaseous emissions and contamination of land and water via unexploded ordinance thrown from site of explosion

Destruction of the local built environment, shelters, public buildings, medical facilities and transport systems resulting in internal displacement, significant disruption to local services and/or impact on medical services

5A 5B 5C 5D STAGE 1 Urban

ASM PREDICTED EFFECT

Costs!The cost of saving lives by reducing ammunition accidents and stopping proliferation of ammunition is as low as one international supervisor/teacher plus a body of men and vehicles from the host country.!!The cost of clearing up after an unplanned explosion in a munitions site can be huge. The Gardec explosion in Albania destroyed 9,000 tonnes of ammunition. It cost 10 million dollars to clear the area afterwards, plus 18 million dollars in repairs to buildings, repairs to other infrastructure, compensation etc.!!Costs for a planned disposal of ammunition is now down to one Euro per submunition – with recycling it can be cost neutral. !

REMEMBER!1.  All procedures using this method complement the IATG!

2.  The aim of this method is to assist a country in achieving the lowest IATG level of ammunition management!

3.  Once at that level IATG takes over!

4.  This is a low cost method – to achieve IATG standards funding has to be raised!

5.  It is designed to keep costs down, and as such depends on the provision of labour and resources from the country!

THANK YOU FOR LISTENING

QUESTIONS PLEASE?