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RAS systems for shrimps and their farm management strategies
Bert Wecker
Key facts German market penaeid shrimp
• Import 30.000t per year (BLE 2016)
• Export 10.000t per year (BLE 2016)
• Consumption 20.000t per year (BLE 2016)
• Second place in consumer popularity (NSC)
• German production appr. 50t
• Expected market volume 300-500t (own estimations)
Clear Water RAS Shrimp Farming
• Easier Biomass Determination
• Better Feeding Management
• In Situ-Control of Behaviour & Health
• Controlled Hygienic Condition
• Constant and Reliable Product Quality
Clear Water vs. Turbid Water
0
5
10
15
20
0 40 80 120
Wei
ght
[g]
Days
Turbid Water Clear Water
Waller, Kulakowski, Wecker 2013
Challenge Production Efficiency
Stocking Density Survival Rate
3,0 kg / m²633 ind. / m²Weigth 4-5g
Expected Survival<20%
Comfort-Zone? %
How much space is needed?
0
10
20
30
40
50
0 10 20 30 40 50
Shri
mp
are
a [c
m²]
Weight [g]
Modelling Shrimp Area
Length
Width
0
500
1.000
1.500
2.000
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 10 20 30 40 50
Sto
ckin
g d
en
sity
[In
d./
m²]
Sto
ckin
g d
en
sity
[kg
/m2]
Weight [g]
100% Use of Available Area (no real comfort zone) 100%
Performance month before:Mortality 25%Growth 1,3g (best value 8,1g)
65% Use of Available Area 65%
30-50% Use of Available Area 50%
0
200
400
600
800
1.000
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 10 20 30 40
Sto
ckin
g d
en
sity
[In
d./
m²]
Sto
ckin
g d
ensi
ty [
kg/m
2]
Weight [g]
30%
Online Biomass Control Nursery System
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Co
un
ts p
er
Day
[Th
ou
san
d]
Days
Real Model
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Co
un
ts p
er
Day
[Th
ou
san
d]
Days
Online Biomass Control Nursery System
Biomass Control Production System
Important Production Criteria
• Sufficient Area
• Quality of Post Larvae
• Water Quality / Abiotic Conditions
• Good Feed and Feeding Practices
• Shrimp Handling
Water Quality Parameter: Temperature
Optimum range 26 – 30 °C (Wickins & Lee 2002)
26,0
27,0
28,0
29,0
30,0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Tem
per
atu
re[°
C]
Days
Temperature
Water Quality Parameter: Salinity
Optimum range 15-25 g / L (Boyd 1989); 10-15 g / L (Briggs et al. 1991)
0,0
5,0
10,0
15,0
20,0
25,0
30,0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n[g
/L]
Days
Salinity
Water Quality Parameter: Ammonia nitrogen
0,00
0,01
0,02
0,03
0,04
0,05
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n[m
g/L
]
Days
NH3-N
Optimum range <0,03 mg N / L (Van Wyk et al. 1999)
Water Quality Parameter: Nitrite nitrogen
0,0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n[m
g/L
]
Days
NO2-N
Optimum range <0,3 mg N / L (Elovaara 2001)
Water Quality Parameter: Oxygen
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n[m
g/L
]
Days
O2
Optimum range >80 % (Van Wyk et al. 1999)
Water Quality Parameter: pH Value
7,0
7,2
7,4
7,6
7,8
8,0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n[m
g/L
]
Days
pH
Optimum range 7,0 – 8,3 (Elovaara 2001)
Water Quality Parameter: Alkalinity
0,0
5,0
10,0
15,0
20,0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n[°
dH
]
Days
Alkalinity (°dH)
Optimum range 5,6 - 8,4 (Ebeling et al. 2006)
Water Quality Parameter: Carbon dioxide
0,0
5,0
10,0
15,0
20,0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n[m
g/L
]
Days
CO2
Optimum range <6,2 mg/L (Wasielesky et al. 2014)
Relation between CO2, pH & Alkalinity (28°C, 15 g/L Salinity)
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
7,00 9 12 14 16 19 21 23 26 28
7,10 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 20 22
7,20 6 7 9 10 12 13 15 16 18
7,30 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 14
7,40 4 5 6 7 7 8 9 10 11
7,50 3 4 4 5 6 7 7 8 9
7,60 2 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7
7,70 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6
7,80 1 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4
7,90 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4
8,00 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3
8,10 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6
8,20 1 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4
Optimum high CO2 high pH
low alkalinity high alkalinity
CO2 [mg/L]Alkalinity [°dH]
pH
-Va
lue
Influence of Light Wave Length on Shrimp Growth
© Nadine Lefering
Influence of Light Wave Length on Shrimp Growth
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
Bio
mas
s G
row
th [
g]
Nadine Lefering 2017
Influence of Light Wave Length on Shrimp Growth
© Nadine Lefering
Influence of Light Wave Length on Shrimp Growth
Nadine Lefering 2017
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
Bio
mas
s G
row
th [
g]
High Stocking Density Low Stocking Density
Challenges
• Genetic quality of postlarvae
• Feed
• Control of bacterial diseases
Thanks for your attention.