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DOE/RL-92-49 REV 6
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RADIOLOGICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM
RESPONSE PLAN
DOE REGION 8
The purpose of this document is to provide guidance and information on available
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)/National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) response
resources to any organization that may need to request radiological assistance for emergencies or
incidents involving nuclear/radiological materials. This document provides an overview of
DOE/NNSA response capabilities and assists outside agencies in requesting DOE/NNSA
radiological assistance when federal radiological emergency response resources are needed.
The DOE Region 8 Radiological Assistance Program (RAP) is the point-of-contact for Federal
radiological emergency response assistance within the states of Oregon, Washington, and Alaska.
Adherence to this plan will ensure that RAP’s response to a request for radiological assistance is
appropriate. The attached RAP Response Plan is a revision to the previously approved May
2008 version.
In case of termination or transfer, return this manual to the U.S. Department of Energy,
Richland Operations Office; P.O. Box 550, MSIN AG-35; Richland, Washington 99352.
Approved for Use and Application by:
Date: Date:
Diane L. Clark David Young
Regional Response Coordinator Program Manager
Radiological Assistance Program Region 8 Radiological Assistance Program
Office of Emergency Response Office of Emergency Response
National Nuclear Security Administration National Nuclear Security Administration
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CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION AND PROGRAM PHILOSOPHY .................................................... 1-1
2.0 PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES ...................................................................................... 2-1
3.0 GEOGRAPHIC REGION OF RESPONSIBILITY ......................................................... 3-1
4.0 REGIONAL EMERGENCY RESPONSE INTERFACES
AND POINTS-OF-CONTACT ....................................................................................... 4-1
5.0 PROCEDURE FOR REQUESTING RADIOLOGICAL ASSISTANCE ....................... 5-1
6.0 REGIONAL RADIOLOGICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM TEAM STRUCTURE . 6-1
7.1 REGIONAL RADIOLOGICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM RESOURCES AND
CAPABILITIES ............................................................................................................... 7-1
7.2 NATIONAL ATMOSPHERIC RELEASE ADVISORY CENTER
(NARAC) ........................................................................................................... 7-4
7.3 AERIAL MEASURING SYSTEM (AMS) ....................................................... 7-4
7.4 RADIATION EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE CENTER/TRAINING
SITE (REAC/TS) ............................................................................................... 7-5
7.5 FEDERAL RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT
CENTER (FRMAC) .......................................................................................... 7-5
7.6 ACCIDENT RESPONSE GROUP (ARG) ........................................................ 7-6
7.7 JOINT TECHNICAL OPERATIONS TEAM (JTOT) ...................................... 7-6
7.8 RADIOLOGICAL TRIAGE .............................................................................. 7-7
7.9 NUCLEAR INCIDENT TEAM (NIT) .............................................................. 7-7
8.1 PROCEDURE FOR RADIOLOGICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM TEAM
ACTIVATION AND DEPLOYMENT ........................................................................... 8-1
8.2 REQUEST ......................................................................................................... 8-1
8.3 TEAM ACTIVATION ...................................................................................... 8-1
8.4 TEAM DEPLOYMENT .................................................................................... 8-1
8.5 TEAM ACTIONS AT EVENT SCENE............................................................ 8-2
8.6 EVENT TERMINATION ................................................................................. 8-2
9.0 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................. 9-1
APPENDICES
A RADIOLOGICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM INCIDENT REPORT FORM ............ A-i
B RADIOLOGICAL TRIAGE ........................................................................................... B-i
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FIGURES
Figure 1. U.S. Department of Energy RAP team locations ........................................................ 3-1
Figure 2. Radiological Assistance Program Team Organization and Reporting Flow Diagram.
6-2
Figure 3. DOE NNSA national assets………………………………………………………….7-1
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TERMS
ALARA as low as reasonably achievable
AMS Aerial Measuring System
ARG Accident Response Group
CMRT Consequence Management Response Team
DHS Department of Homeland Security
DoD Department of Defense
DOE U.S. Department of Energy
DOE-HQ U.S. Department of Energy Headquarters
EOC Emergency Operations Center
EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
FRMAC Federal Radiological Monitoring and Assessment Center
HPSP Health Physics Survey Personnel
ICP Incident Command Post
IMAAC Interagency Modeling and Atmospheric Assessment Center
JTOT Joint Technical Operations Team
NARAC National Atmospheric Release Advisory Center
NIT Nuclear Incident Team
NNSA National Nuclear Security Administration
NRAT Nuclear/Radiological Advisory Team
NRF National Response Framework
ONC Occurrence Notification Center
PIO Public Information Officer
POC Patrol Operations Center
RAP Radiological Assistance Program
REAC/TS Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site
RL U.S. Department of Energy, Richland Operations Office
RRC Regional Response Coordinator
RSL Remote Sensing Laboratory
RSM Resource Support Manager
SRT Search Response Team
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1.0 INTRODUCTION AND PROGRAM PHILOSOPHY
The United States Government (USG) conducts preventive radiological/nuclear detection
(PRND) and radiological and nuclear search operations (RNSO) activities as part of the Global
Nuclear Detection Architecture (GNDA). While PRND activities are conducted continually as a
part of steady state or enhanced steady state operations (e.g., planned mass public gatherings),
the USG strategy to interdict radiological/nuclear (RN) materials or devices must assume a
layered approach based upon the technical nature of the threat. RNSO provides an additional
layer of response to a Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) investigation that increases the
probability of locating and interdicting RN materials or devices to prevent the misuse of
materials or an attack within the United States.
The Attorney General, acting through the FBI, has the primary responsibility for locating,
assessing, interdicting, recovering, rendering safe and/or neutralizing a weapon of mass
destruction (WMD) within the United States in response to information received through law
enforcement, intelligence, and other PRND related activities or other channels.
The Interagency Domestic Radiological/Nuclear Search Plan (IADRNSP) provides guidelines to
the USG Departments and Agencies on the conduct of RNSO in the event of a credible RN
threat. The plan identifies the mechanism to evaluate RN threats, outlines the concept of
operations, and defines the roles and responsibilities of the USG DAs in support of the
investigation. It was approved by the Countering Nuclear Threats (CNT) Interagency Planning
Committee (IPC) on May 20, 2011 and is maintained by the Interagency RNSO Working Group
(WG).
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)/National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
supports PRND activities following the interagency guidelines through the Radiological
Assistance Program (RAP). NNSA and its predecessor agencies have sponsored a RAP since the
late 1950s. Management responsibilities and direction for the RAP primarily are contained in
DOE Order 153.1, Departmental Emergency Response Assets.
RAP Mission Statement: The RAP mission is to provide first-responder radiological assistance
to protect the health and safety of the general public and the environment; assist other Federal,
Tribal, State, and local agencies in the detection, identification, analysis, and response to events
involving the use of radiological/nuclear material; and to provide training assistance to Federal,
Tribal, State, and local agencies to enhance the overall national response capability to a
nuclear/radiological event.
The RAP provides services in the Crisis Response (CR) mission space. In this preventive
mission, RAP provides the capability to search, locate, isolate, identify, and analyze radiological
and nuclear material information for purposes of preventing a radiological or nuclear event.
Should an event or release of radioactive or nuclear material occur, RAP provides capability in
the Consequence Management (CM) mission space. Consequence Management involves
elements of characterization and sampling of the released material, projections and analysis
related to public and environmental protective actions, sampling, analysis, and recommendations
during the initial phase of an emergency.
The RAP is implemented on a regional basis, with regional coordination between the
DOE/NNSA and emergency response elements of the Federal, Tribal, and State, agencies.
Regional coordination is intended to provide a timely response capability and to foster a working
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relationship between DOE/NNSA and the response elements of the State and local agencies
within the Region. The RAP is divided into eight geographical Regions, plus the National
Capitol Region, with each Region being managed by a Regional Response Coordinator (RRC).
The RRC is responsible for managing and directing activities for the RAP and ensuring that the
Region has necessary and sufficient resources (trained and available response personnel and
calibrated equipment), plans, and procedures for prompt and safe response to
nuclear/radiological emergencies or incidents.
Requests for assistance normally are directed to one of the nine DOE Offices. Requests may
also be directed to the DOE Headquarters (DOE HQ) Emergency Operations Center (EOC).
Requests for assistance may come from DOE/NNSA facilities; other Federal agencies; State,
Tribal, and local governments; or any private organization or individual. These requests may
pertain to any accident, incident, or terrorist activity involving radioactive materials where there
is a real or potential radiological hazard to workers, the public, and/or the environment.
Requests for assistance may require the deployment of one or more RAP teams equipped with
personnel protective equipment, radiation detection and monitoring instruments, air sampling
equipment, communications equipment, isotopic identification instruments, search gear, and
other equipment, as necessary.
RAP teams consist of DOE/NNSA federal and contractor personnel specifically trained to
perform radiological emergency response activities. RAP personnel are typically volunteer
members who perform radiological support activities as part of their normal employment within
the DOE/NNSA complex. As such, they are subject to the same rules and regulations as in their
normal activities and are protected by the same insurance, compensation, liability, and benefits in
the event of personal injury, property loss, negligence, or error during radiological response
activities.
A standard RAP team consists of a DOE/NNSA Federal Team Leader, a Team Captain, Team
Scientists and Field Team Members (health physics support personnel [HPSP]). A RAP team
may deploy with a minimum of two members or augmented with additional specialists
depending on the potential hazards and needs of the event. Multiple RAP teams also may be
deployed if warranted by the situation.
A RAP team is expected to be fully mobilized and ready to deploy within two hours of activation
and within four hours for off-hour mobilizations. Once the RAP team is deployed, their goal is
to be on-scene within six hours of activation anywhere in their Region. It is recognized that this
response time concept cannot be achieved for RAP Region 8 if they are required to respond to
Alaska. To ensure continuity of operations, a RAP team should be able to maintain their
response capability for a minimum of 24 hours after arriving on-scene before expecting outside
assistance from other entities.
The primary responsibility for the incident remains with the owner of the radioactive material.
The assistance provided by RAP teams does not preempt Federal, Tribal, State, or local
authority. DOE/NNSA cooperates with and acknowledges the primacy of the Tribal, State, and
local governments relative to the safety and health of the public.
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DOE/NNSA also has a statutory obligation to provide resources through the Department of
Homeland Security’s (DHS) National Response Framework (NRF), “Nuclear/Radiological
Incident Annex,” which covers the Federal response to nuclear/radiological incidents. The RAP
provides support to the Federal agency, Tribal nation, or State agency as defined in the NRF.
FRMAC is an element of the NRF that provides for extensive coordination of Federal monitoring
and assessment resources. If a radiation incident requires that a FRMAC be established, the
RAP resources become an element of the FRMAC and provide monitoring, assessment, and
management support.
Although RAP will likely integrate into the FRMAC and support FRMAC activities, RAP could
have a support function in other response elements ongoing and continuing at the incident
scene(s). Where practical, RAP will encourage applicable response elements to integrate with
the FRMAC.
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2.0 PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES
The purpose of the DOE/NNSA Region 8 RAP is to make DOE/NNSA resources available to
other DOE facilities as well as Federal, Tribal, State, and local facilities. Upon request,
DOE/NNSA will provide radiological assistance during incidents involving known or potential
radioactive materials. Assistance can be in the form of a telephone response or team
deployment.
This document establishes DOE/NNSA policy, procedures, authorities, and responsibilities for
the RAP.
It is the policy of the RAP to:
• Establish and maintain response plans, procedures, and resources to support
nuclear/radiological response activities 24 hours a day, 7 days a week
• Assist Tribal, State, and local jurisdictions in preparing for nuclear/radiological incidents
to the degree practical
• Provide monitoring resources and assessment assistance to other Federal agencies and
State, local, and Tribal governments in case of a real or potential nuclear/radiological
incident
• Assist other Federal agencies and Tribal, State, and local jurisdictions in the search,
detection, and identification of nuclear and radiological material.
This document does not provide specific guidance on implementing the NRF or on responses to
nuclear weapon incidents, terrorist acts, domestic preparedness events, or any specific single
event. In addition, the RAP plan does not relieve the responsible organization of its obligation to
plan and implement emergency plans and procedures for onsite radiation incidents; however, the
RAP plan can supplement and complement these plans.
The objectives of the Region 8 RAP are as follows:
• Provide emergency monitoring and assessment response to nuclear/radiological incidents
• Provide guidelines to Regional RAP teams to evaluate nuclear/radiological incidents
• Ensure the availability of an effective RAP
• Maintain a liaison with other DOE/NNSA RRCs to coordinate the planning and response
to requests for radiological assistance
• Provide a liaison with Federal, Tribal, State, and local organizations that may become
involved in nuclear/radiological assistance operations
• Encourage the development of a local capability to cope with radiological incidents by
performing outreach.
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3.0 GEOGRAPHIC REGION OF RESPONSIBILITY
The Region 8 RAP is located in and deployed from Richland, Washington. Richland is in the
southcentral portion of the State. The Region 8 RAP Team consists of an adequate number of
responders to respond to at least two separate incidents.
The 24-hour Emergency Response Number is (509) 373-3800.
The DOE/NNSA Region 8 consists of the States of Alaska, Oregon, and Washington (Figure 1),
otherwise known as the Pacific Northwest. Major cities in the Region have international
connections to the Middle East, Japan, China, the Pacific Rim, and Western Europe.
International waterways lie between Washington and Canada. The Region also has significant
ports of entry.
Figure 1. U.S. Department of Energy RAP team locations
Region 1. Brookhaven Site Office (631) 344-2200
Region 2. Oak Ridge Office (865) 576-1005
Region 3. Savannah River Site Office (803) 725-3333
Region 4. NNSA Service Center (505) 845-4667
Region 5. Chicago Office (630) 252-4800
Region 6. Idaho Operations Office (208) 526-1515
Region 7. Livermore Site Office (925) 422-8951
Region 8. Richland Operations Office (509) 373-3800
Region 0. Remote Sensing Laboratory - Andrews (800) 405-1140
Department of Energy Headquarters/
Emergency Operations Center (202) 586-8100
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Region 8 has an abundance of natural resources and is known for agriculture, forestry, fishing,
and wilderness areas. Population is dense around the major cities with significantly sized
neighboring cities located north and south on the Interstate-5 corridor.
The Region 8 RAP Team may be deployed upon request to incidents involving
nuclear/radioactive material at licensed facilities or in transit as listed:
• Department of Energy Hanford Site
• Fixed nuclear facilities
− Energy Northwest’s Columbia Generating Station, Richland, Washington
• National Laboratories
− Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington
• Other facilities
− Areva – Advanced Nuclear Power - Nuclear Fuels Division, Richland, Washington
− PermaFix Northwest, Inc., Richland, Washington
− U.S. Ecology solid waste national repository landfill near Richland, Washington
− Uranium mill near Spokane, Washington
− Universities using radioactive material
− U.S. Department of Defense installations
− Medical radiopharmaceutical manufacturing facilities
− Hospitals where radioactive material is used or stored
• In transit
− DOE/NNSA and non-DOE owned radioactive materials traveling by land, rail, water,
or air including:
− International borders
− Maritime ports of entry
− Land transportation corridors
− Domestic and international air ports
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4.0 REGIONAL EMERGENCY RESPONSE INTERFACES
AND POINTS-OF-CONTACT
The RRC is an employee of the DOE NNSA Office of Emergency Operations, Office of
Emergency Response who works closely with the U.S. Department of Energy, Richland
Operations Office (RL) and is responsible for providing management oversight for all activities
related to the Regional RAP.
The Region 8 RAP RRC interfaces with many Regional, Tribal, State, and local response
organizations, authorities, and other Federal agencies. The RRC is responsible for the following
activities:
• Establishing communication with and maintaining an up-to-date database (or other
appropriate listing) of other Federal, Tribal, State, and local agencies (including 24-hour
phone numbers) in the Region that may request assistance or could participate in
emergency response activities
• Coordinating and conducting outreach activities with other Federal, Tribal, State, and
local agencies to the degree practical, including initial interface with these agencies for
joint participation in drills, exercises, and support for domestic preparedness
• Maintaining documented and detailed records of all requests for assistance, emergency
response alerts, and RAP team deployments.
Outreach is an ongoing activity in Region 8, where the RRC and RAP team members participate
in as many activities as possible. Outreach includes training, drills, field exercises, workshops,
seminars, and program overview presentations. Requests for assistance, including outreach,
should be coordinated through the Region 8 RAP RRC.
The RRC for Region 8 Contractor Response Coordinator for Region 8
Diane L. Clark
U.S. Department of Energy
P.O. Box 550
825 Jadwin Avenue, MSIN B8-40
Richland, WA 99352
(509) 376-8519
Steve C. Snyder
Mission Support Alliance LLC (MSA)
P.O. Box 550 MSIN B8-40
Richland, WA 99352
(509) 373-0561
The Outreach Coordinator for Region 8 The Equipment Coordinator for Region 8
Linda Synoground
Mission Support Alliance LLC (MSA)
P.O. Box 550 MSIN B8-40
Richland, WA 99352
(509) 372-0099
Tricia Poland
Mission Support Alliance LLC (MSA)
P.O. Box 550 MSIN B8-40
Richland, WA 99352
(509) 372-0096
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Region 8 interfaces with the Federal Bureau of Investigation and supports the Bureau’s activities,
including the National Domestic Preparedness Office.
The Region 8 RAP RRC is a member of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA)
Region X Regional Response Team (see 40 CFR 300, “National Oil and Hazardous Substance
Pollution Contingency Plan”). EPA Region X that includes Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, and
Washington. Because Alaska is geographically separated from the lower 48 States, the EPA
Region is divided into two Regional Response Teams: one for Idaho, Oregon, and Washington
and one for Alaska (the Alaska Regional Response Team). Membership on these teams provides
opportunities for interaction, shared capabilities, and cross-training to ensure a coordinated
Federal response. Federal agencies, such as the EPA or the U.S. Coast Guard, lead the Regional
Response Team and request assistance (i.e., radiological monitoring and assessment) from the
DOE, if needed.
In addition to State agencies, several other Federal agencies may be involved. These agencies
may also request radiological assistance.
These same agencies also can contribute significantly to nuclear/radiological emergency
response, depending on the nature of the emergency and the scope of incident. For example, if a
response under the guidelines in the NRF were necessary, one or more of the following agencies
may become involved in the emergency response:
• U.S. Department of Agriculture
• U.S. Department of Commerce
• U.S. Department of Defense
• National Guard Bureau (NGB)
• U.S. Department of Energy
• National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
• U.S. Department of Homeland Security
• Federal emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
• United States Coast Guard (USCG)
• Domestic Nuclear Detection Office (DNDO)
• Customs and Border Protection (CBP)
• Transportation Safeguards Administration (TSA)
• U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
• U.S. Department of Interior
• U.S. Department of Justice
• Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
• U.S. Department of Labor
• U.S. Department of State
• U.S. Department of Transportation
• U.S. Department of Treasury
• U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
• Central Intelligence Agency
• Environmental Protection Agency
• General Services Administration
• National Aeronautics and Space Administration
• Nuclear Regulatory Commission
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• Office of Personnel Management
• Small Business Administration
• U.S. Postal Service
• White House Office of Science and Technology Policy
• American Red Cross.
The NRF should be referenced for authorities, coordinating responsibilities, and overall response
expectations.
Each State (e.g., Alaska, Oregon, and Washington) has a radiological, public safety, and/or
emergency services department responsible for assessing nuclear/radiological emergencies and
implementing the necessary corrective actions to protect the public. The organizations and
assistance described in this document are not intended to supersede or usurp statutory authorities.
This document is intended to be a supplemental resource that provides assistance and
DOE/NNSA resources when a combination of DOE/NNSA and State resources is needed to
resolve the crisis.
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5.1 PROCEDURE FOR REQUESTING RADIOLOGICAL ASSISTANCE
The Region 8 RAP teams may respond to any real or potential nuclear/radiological threat.
Assistance can be in the form of radiological advice or team(s) deployment to an incident scene.
The RAP teams can search for, detect, identify, analyze, and monitor radiological and nuclear
material conditions and provide dose estimates using portable instruments for measurement of
alpha, beta, gamma, and neutron radiation. Measurements include direct readings, air, and
environmental sampling.
Any organization may request RAP assistance through the Hanford Site Patrol Operations Center
(POC).
The 24-hour emergency number is: (509) 373-3800
Calls for assistance may come to Region 8 when the incident is in another Region. The requestor
may or may not know which Region they are in. At this point, the RRC evaluates the request
and notifies the appropriate RAP region. Depending on geographic location of the event, the
closest RAP team should provide assistance until the Regional RAP team responds. The
Region 8 RAP Team activation and deployment process is described in Section 8.0 of this plan.
If an emergency occurs, RAP team members normally arrive at the scene within four to six hours
after notification and conduct the initial radiological assessment of the area. A RAP response is
tailored to the scale of the incident. Additional RAP teams and resources are deployed as
necessary. The RAP team members are trained in the hazards of radiation and radioactive
materials to provide initial assistance to minimize immediate radiation risks to the public,
property, and the environment. The RAP team may use other DOE/NNSA emergency response
assets in their response. The RAP team is able to assess the affected area quickly, determine if
additional resources are necessary to manage the incident, and advise decision makers on which
actions are appropriate.
The following are limitations as to when Region 8 RAP assistance is not normally provided:
• When it is more appropriate for the organization or individual requesting assistance to
obtain Tribal, State, local, or commercial assistance
• When the Tribal, State, and local resources are adequate for the situation
• When the requested DOE/NNSA resources are being used in responses to existing
incidents involving other DOE facilities or activities
• For non-radiological incidents.
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The RAP Incident Report Form used by the RAP team at the time of the initial request and
during the incident verification process is shown in Appendix A. The following information
usually is obtained from the requestor and documented by the RRC or RAP Team Leader:
• Name, title, location, and telephone number of the person making the report
• Nature and description of incident
• Time of incident
• Location of incident
• Fire or other hazard involvement
• Urgency of response and seriousness of incident
• Weather conditions
• Personnel involved (e.g., injuries, contamination)
• Federal, State, or local agencies notified and on scene at the incident
• News reports of the incident and whether false or exaggerated reports have circulated.
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6.0 REGIONAL RADIOLOGICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM TEAM
STRUCTURE
The Region 8 RAP Team consists of the RRC, a Federal RAP Team Leader, a Team Captain, a
Team Scientist, and Health Physics Survey Personnel (HPSP). Supplemental positions are
Public Information Officer (PIO), RAP Liaison, Resource Support Manager (RSM), and Field
Team Leader. The position title and responsibilities are listed below.
• Regional Response Coordinator
The RRC plays a key role in all phases of the response. The RRC is the regional
authority within the DOE that receives requests for radiological assistance and deploys
the necessary resources. The RRC approves and issues the Ten-Day Final Report to the
DOE-HQ, Office of Emergency Operations, Associate Administrator for Emergency
Operations (NA-40), within ten working days after termination of a response.
• RAP Federal Team Leader
The RAP Federal Team Leader deploys with the team. The Team Leader represents
DOE/NNSA when meeting the requestor or the Incident Commander and may act as the
senior DOE representative if arriving on scene prior to any other DOE resources. The
RAP Team Leader is responsible for team safety, including on-scene DOE operations,
and decides the appropriateness of team actions. He or she assists in the integration of
other agency emergency response activities and approves and issues the draft Ten-Day
Final Report to the RRC after termination of a response.
• RAP Team Captain
The RAP Team Captain deploys with the team. The Team Captain directs the
radiological response activities and ensures that radiological and non-radiological hazards
have been identified. He or she interprets and evaluates the radiological data,
recommends mitigative actions, and communicates pertinent information to the Team
Leader. The RAP Team Captain determines if and when the team has exceeded its
resources and expertise and requests additional assistance when necessary. This
individual provides on-scene direction and oversight to the RAP team members; ensures
that the members are equipped properly to enter hazardous areas safely; and ensures that
radiation and other hazard exposure limits are as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA).
The RAP Team Captain collects all radiological data, photographs, notes, and records.
He or she drafts the Ten-Day Final Report and issues the draft to the Federal Team
Leader after termination of a response.
• RAP Team Scientist
The Scientist deploys with the team. Scientist duties include conducting gamma
spectroscopy, data assessment and analysis, performing the DOE/NNSA reach-back
triage capability, and providing overall technical support to the team.
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• RAP Field Team Members
The Field Team Members (HPSP) deploy with the team(s). Under the direction of the
Field Team Leader, the Field Team Members establish and maintain radiation control;
perform/confirm radiological field measurements; perform environmental surveillance
and monitoring; conduct perimeter surveys; and evaluate Incident Command Post (ICP)
habitability.
Supplemental Positions:
• RAP Liaison
The RAP Liaison does not deploy with the team but remains at the Hanford Site as the
Home Team. Responsibilities include maintaining and coordinating communications,
additional resource allocations, personnel turnover, logistics, and the team official
timeline.
The Region 8 RAP Team organization and reporting flow diagram is shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2. Radiological Assistance Program Team Organization and Reporting Flow Diagram.
Incident Commander NNSA
Regional Response
Coordinator RAP Team Leader
RAP Team Scientist RAP Liaison
RAP Team Captain
Field Team Members
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7.1 REGIONAL RADIOLOGICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM RESOURCES
AND CAPABILITIES
The DOE/NNSA, through its contractors at the Hanford Site, maintains a cadre of qualified
experts for the RAP. The RAP maintains a cost-effective program by managing resources
through dual assignment of existing Federal and contractor staff. A full-time contractor staff
manages the day-to-day program management; training and outreach coordination; team training;
personnel, equipment, and operational readiness; and or planning, development, and execution of
drills and exercises.
The radiological equipment and procedures used by RAP responders are consistent with those
used in daily operations and onsite radiological emergencies. The RAP response community
uses standardized training, equipment, and procedures such that working together anywhere in
the country should be similar regardless of Region.
Each Region 8 RAP Team member has received initial training and maintains annual refresher
training. Each team member is required to attend annual drills and one full field exercise every
three years. Each member has expertise in incident management, health physics, risk
communications, incident command structure, and incident response involving
nuclear/radioactive material.
The RRC is responsible for and has the authority to activate the resources and support necessary
to provide assistance when requested. The RAP Federal Team Leader will be the DOE official in
the field. The radiological assistance teams are deployed in support of Federal agencies, State
authorities, and/or Tribal nations and are not intended, except when DOE/NNSA is the
coordinating agency, to direct actions at the scene or assume command and control.
During a response, the RAP Federal Team Leader may request additional equipment and supplies
from the Hanford Site. The Federal Team Leader will coordinate with the RRC for such support.
The DOE/NNSA Region 8 RAP general resources and capabilities are as follows:
• Radiation Instrumentation
− alpha survey meters
− beta/gamma survey meters
− gamma dose rate meters
− micro R meters
− gamma spectroscopy systems (sodium iodide and high purity germanium)
− portable alpha/beta swipe counters
− neutron detectors
− Field Instrument Detection Low Energy Radiation (FIDLER)
− high and low volume air samplers
− telescoping, high-range Geiger-Mueller detector tubes
− mobile radiation detection systems
− portable radiation detection systems (neutron and gamma)
− calibration/check sources
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• Communication Equipment
− portable cellular telephones
− two-way radios with two RAP frequencies
− secure and unsecure satellite communications system (voice and data)
− portable fax units
− pagers
• Personnel Dosimetry
− alarming/readout, thermoluminescent dosimeters
− pocket or pencil dosimetry
• Personnel Protective Equipment
− coveralls w/hoods
− respiratory protection
− safety glasses, shoes, hard hats
− gloves, booties, shoe covers
− reflective vests
− foul weather gear
• Miscellaneous Equipment and Supplies
− personnel decontamination kits
− first aid kits
− dedicated emergency response vehicles
− digital cameras
− binoculars
− laptop computers/printers
− detection tracking and analysis software and tools
− voice recorders
− generators
− portable safe
− global positioning system units (GPS)
− gear bags
− miscellaneous (plastic bags, rolls of plastic, rope, tape, labels, signs, drinking water
coolers, tool kits, flashlights, spare batteries/charges, etc.)
• Environmental Sampling Equipment
− Multi-Path Communication Device (MPCD) data communications system
− sampling tools
− chain of custody forms
− sample packaging.
Determination to activate or deploy additional emergency response assets will be made by the
Emergency Response Officer or Nuclear Incident Team at DOE/NNSA HQ, with approval from
the Director of the Office of Emergency Response.
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The RRC can request the RAP assets of other DOE/NNSA Regions if the need exists. Requests
are made in coordination with DOE-HQ EOC through the 24-hour telephone number.
Depending on the magnitude of the incident, DOE/NNSA may complement its resources with
those of other Federal agencies under the auspices of the NRF or augment response capabilities
with the formation of a FRMAC, if warranted.
In addition to RAP, other emergency response assets located throughout the DOE/NNSA
complex may be available for specialized needs during radiological incidents. The RRC and
members of the RAP teams are knowledgeable about these assets. It is likely that if these
additional emergency response assets are called upon, the incident will have escalated to a larger
overall DOE/NNSA incident response.
Figure 3 DOE NNSA national assets
The additional assets/capabilities listed here are discussed in Sections 7.1 through 7.11:
• National Atmospheric Release Advisory Center (NARAC)
• Aerial Measuring System (AMS)
• Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site (REAC/TS)
• Federal Radiological Monitoring and Assessment Center (FRMAC)
• Nuclear/Radiological Advisory Team (NRAT)
• Accident Response Group (ARG)
• Joint Technical Operation Team (JTOT)
• Radiological Triage
• Nuclear Incident Team (NIT).
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7.2 NATIONAL ATMOSPHERIC RELEASE
ADVISORY CENTER (NARAC)
Radiological assistance operations may require the use of computer models to assist in
estimating early phase radiological consequences of radioactive material accidentally released
into the atmosphere. The NARAC provides a computer-based atmospheric dispersion and
deposition modeling capability operated by the University of California’s Lawrence Livermore
National Laboratory. The NARAC’s role in an emergency begins when a nuclear, chemical, or
other hazardous material is, or has the potential of being, released into the atmosphere. The
NARAC’s capability consists of meteorologists and other technical staff using three-dimensional
computer models and real-time weather and topographical data to project the dispersion and
deposition of radioactive material in the environment. Maps are produced that contain
accumulated integrated doses, airborne concentrations and contamination distributions. The
plots can be overlaid on local maps to assist emergency response officials in deciding what
protective actions are needed to protect people and the environment effectively. Protective
actions could affect distribution of food and water sources and include sheltering and evacuating
critical population groups. The NARAC’s response time is typically 30 minutes to 2 hours after
notification of an incident.
7.3 AERIAL MEASURING SYSTEM (AMS)
NNSA's AMS provides specialized airborne radiation detection systems to provide real-time
measurements of low levels of air and ground contamination. The AMS team consists of
scientists, technicians, pilots, and ground support personnel. These trained experts are in charge
of maintaining a state of readiness to respond to a radiological emergency at any time. The team
is based out of Nellis Air Force Base in Las Vegas, Nevada, and Andrews Air Force Base in
Washington, D.C.
The AMS mission is to provide a rapid survey of radiation and contamination following a
radiological emergency. AMS accomplishes this mission by using specially equipped aircrafts to
conduct the surveys. These aircrafts are equipped to detect and measure radioactive material in
the air, and contamination on the ground. The AMS uses a sophisticated radiation detection
system to gather radiological information and store it on computers. This information is then
used to produce maps of radiation exposure and contamination. This technical information is
later used to determine the extent of the hazard and to decide when and where to send federal,
state, or local ground monitoring teams for further assessments.
In the event of an incident involving radiological materials, NNSA, in consultation with state and
other federal agencies, will deploy AMS immediately to the incident site and operations are as
follows:
• The fixed-wing aircraft is deployed with the radiation detection system to collect
information and determine the location of ground contamination. • The helicopters are used to perform detailed surveys of ground contamination. • NNSA scientists are then able to rapidly develop maps of the radiological materials
deposited on the ground and the potential radiation exposure to personnel in the affected
areas. This information gives emergency response officials information necessary to
effectively respond to the emergency.
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7.4 RADIATION EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE
CENTER/TRAINING SITE (REAC/TS)
Since its formation in 1976, REAC/TS has provided support to the DOE, the World Health
Organization, and the International Atomic Energy Agency in the medical management of
radiation incidents. REAC/TS is a 24-hour emergency response program which provides
consultative services from its Oak Ridge, Tennessee, Headquarters or through deployable teams
at the scene of an event. The specially trained team of physicians, nurses, emergency medical
technicians, paramedics, health physicists, radiobiologists, and emergency coordinators is
prepared around-the-clock to provide assistance at the local, national, or international level.
REAC/TS provides medical advice, specialized training, and unique onsite assistance in triage,
decontamination, diagnosis, radiation dose estimates, and treatment of all types of radiation-
induced injuries.
The REAC/TS staff brings valuable experience to the classroom in delivering different training
courses that address the medical aspects of radiation incident management. Taught at the unique
REAC/TS facility in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and at various hospitals and nuclear facilities across
the country, these courses train physicians, physicians’ assistants, nurses, health physicists and
others who may have to respond to a radiation incident. Through lectures, discussions, and
exercises, participants learn the roles they play in the medical management of a radiation
incident.
7.5 FEDERAL RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING
AND ASSESSMENT CENTER (FRMAC)
The FRMAC is a Federal interagency center responsible for coordinating monitoring and
assessment activities with the Coordinating Agency and affected State and local agencies.
DOE/NNSA manages the FRMAC during initial phases of a nuclear/radiological event. Once
the immediate emergency situation is stabilized, DOE transfers the leadership role to the EPA, at
a mutually agreeable time, to continue long-term monitoring activities. The FRMAC
responsibilities include:
• Coordinating Federal off-site radiological environmental monitoring and assessment
activities.
• Maintaining technical liaison with State and local agencies responsible for monitoring and
assessment.
• Maintaining a common set of all off-site radiological monitoring data, in an accountable,
secure, and retrievable form.
• Ensuring the technical integrity of the FRMAC data.
• Providing monitoring data and interpretations, including exposure rate contours, dose
projections, and any other requested radiological assessments to the Coordinating Agency
and the State(s).
• Providing, in cooperation with other Federal agencies, the personnel and equipment needed
to perform radiological monitoring and assessment activities.
• Requesting supplemental assistance and technical support from other Federal agencies as
needed.
• Arranging consultation and support services through appropriate Federal agencies to all other
entities (e.g., private contractors) with radiological monitoring functions and capabilities and
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providing technical and medical advice on handling radiological contamination and
population monitoring.
If FRMAC is requested, a phased deployment of the DOE/NNSA component of the FRMAC
begins – the Consequence Management Response Team (CMRT) from the Remote Sensing
Laboratory (RSL) – Nevada. CMRT phases I and II are standard personnel and equipment
packages with a wheels-up requirement of 4 hours and 12 hours, respectfully. The final phase,
CMRT Augmentation, deploys within 24-48 hours and incorporates resources from other
DOE/NNSA laboratories and facilities. The CMRT and FRMAC are supported by the
Consequence Management Home Team also based at RSL – Nevada.
7.6 Nuclear/Radiological Advisory Team (NRAT)
NNSA's Nuclear / Radiological Advisory Team (NRAT) provides an emergency response
capability for on-scene scientific and technical advice for both domestic and international nuclear
or radiological incidents. It is a national level, deployable search capability with expertise
complex search operations utilizing both technical and operational expertise. It is led by a Senior
Energy Official who runs the NNSA field operation and who coordinates NNSA follow-on
assets as needed. The NRAT is composed of scientists and technicians who can provide advice
or conduct limited operations.
7.7 ACCIDENT RESPONSE GROUP (ARG)
The ARG is the primary response capability deployed to manage or support the successful
resolution of a U.S. nuclear weapons accident anywhere in the world. ARG, based in
Albuquerque, New Mexico, consists of approximately 300 multi-disciplined technical and
scientific experts from the DOE/NNSA and DOE/NNSA contractors. The ARG mission is to
develop and maintain readiness to efficiently manage the resolution of accidents or significant
incidents involving nuclear weapons in DOE custody. ARG will also provide timely worldwide
support to the Department of Defense (DoD) in resolving accidents and significant incidents
involving nuclear weapons in DoD’s custody. ARG deploys on military or commercial aircraft
in three phases (Initial, Recovery, and Continued Recovery) and is supported by the ARG Home
Team. Advance elements are ready to deploy within 4 hours of being alerted. The advance
elements prime focus is on the initial assessment and providing preliminary advice to decision
makers. If there is internal damage, special techniques may be used to stabilize system
components. Team members can use specialized equipment to cut away wreckage, open
shipping containers, or cut apart the weapon itself. The weapon is rendered safe prior to any
packaging and shipping operations. Radiography can be used to examine the weapon’s internal
structure and integrity.
7.8 JOINT TECHNICAL OPERATIONS TEAM
(JTOT)
The Joint Technical Operations Team (JTOT) provides advanced technical capabilities to move
or neutralize nuclear weapons of mass destruction. The JTOT activities consist of advanced
technical activities to reduce the yield of the device and make the device explosively and
electrically safe, as well as demilitarization and disassembly operations to neutralize a nuclear
weapon.
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7.9 RADIOLOGICAL TRIAGE
NNSA's Radiological Triage is a non-deployable, secure, on-line capability that provides remote
support to emergency responders in the event of a nuclear or radiological emergency.
Radiological Triage has on-call scientists available 24 hours a day to analyze site-specific data
and confirm radioisotope identification in the event of a radiological incident. The data is
transmitted through the Radiological Triage website or provided over the telephone.
Radiological Triage is an integrated system comprised of scientist and engineers from the
NNSA's and the Department of Energy's national laboratories with expertise in
spectroscopy. Because of the level of expertise available at the national laboratories,
Radiological Triage greatly improves the accuracy of radioisotope identification, precluding
inaccurate identification of the radioisotopes, which could potentially lead to inappropriate
incident-site management.
The procedure for sending spectral information to Radiological Triage is provided in
Appendix B.
7.10 NUCLEAR INCIDENT TEAM (NIT)
The NIT is Office of Emergency Response’s communications, command, and control center
during incidents involving nuclear/radiological material, for which NA-42 assets have been
called upon to support. The NIT will have reach-back capabilities to include interagency Liaison
Officers (LNOs) and other DOE departments.
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8.1 PROCEDURE FOR RADIOLOGICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM TEAM
ACTIVATION AND DEPLOYMENT
8.2 REQUEST
There are two avenues to request radiological assistance. The first method is to make a request
through the Hanford Patrol Operations Center. The second method is to make a request through
the DOE/NNSA HQ Emergency Operations Center.
With the first method, the request for radiological assistance starts with a call to the Hanford
Patrol Operations Center (POC) 24-hour telephone number: (509) 373-3800.
RL maintains this telephone number, which is reserved for incoming emergencies, including
radiological incidents, requests for assistance, and other emergency traffic. All calls are
automatically recorded. The POC Duty Officer obtains as much information as is available
about the incident or request for radiological assistance.
The POC makes one call to the Occurrence Notification Center (ONC), where the ONC Duty
Officer records pertinent data and notifies RAP Team of the request for radiological assistance.
This officially transfers response coordination to the Region 8 RAP. The ONC Duty Officer can
assist with further notifications, if required.
With the second method, the request for radiological assistance starts with a call to the
DOE/NNSA HQ Emergency Operations Center 24-hour telephone number: 202-586-8100. The
Watch Officer will direct the call to the on-call Emergency Response Officer, who will notify the
RAP Region. This officially transfers the response coordination to the RAP Region.
8.3 TEAM ACTIVATION
Immediately following a request for radiological assistance, the RRC contacts the requestor to
verify and/or confirm the request. The RRC documents the request information on the Incident
Report Form, Appendix A. The RRC will contact the appropriate State, Tribal, or local authority,
or other federal agency to report the request and establish support needs. The RRC also decides
if the request for assistance can be handled by providing advice over the telephone or if the RAP
team must be deployed. In either case, the request is responded to and documented
appropriately. The RRC is responsible for notifying DOE-HQ and NNSA of the request for
radiological assistance and obtaining approval to deploy.
If the RRC determines that a RAP team needs to deploy, members are notified and directed to
assemble. The RAP Federal Team Leader ensures that a briefing is conducted, preparations are
finalized; and, within two hours of being assembled, the RAP team is ready for deployment.
With the exception of Alaska, the RAP team is expected to be on location within six hours after
activation.
8.4 TEAM DEPLOYMENT
The RAP team will maintain communications with the requester(s) during deployment to the
extent possible.
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The RAP team usually will travel in response vehicles; however, the means of transportation may
vary depending on the distance involved and the seriousness of the event. Air travel is an option.
That decision is based on the urgency of need, geographical location of the incident, and weather
conditions. The DOE/NNSA RAP may partner with other agencies for support to deploy by air.
When the RAP team arrives at the incident scene, the RAP Federal Team Leader reports to the
senior military or civilian officials, usually the Incident Commander or On-Scene Commander,
and briefs that individual or a designated representative on the responsibilities and capabilities of
the Region 8 RAP Team. In turn, the Incident Commander or senior official should brief the
RAP Federal Team Leader about the situation.
At the incident scene, the Region 8 RAP Team is subject to the control established by the
Incident Commander or On-Scene Commander and performs its mission under the direction of
the RAP Federal Team Leader. If additional support from Hanford Site resources is needed, the
RAP Team Leader contacts the RRC and requests activation and/or mobilization of additional
resources (e.g., personnel, equipment, or other resources).
8.5 TEAM ACTIONS AT EVENT SCENE
Although the Region 8 RAP Team performs as a unit, each member has specific on-scene duties.
The team may be asked to split up and work with other Federal agencies, State, or local officials.
Team members may be requested to support related event activities such as at the Joint
Information Center, a hospital, or anywhere radiological assistance is needed.
The RAP Federal Team Leader is responsible for communicating the RAP team’s activities and
results to the Incident Commander. The RAP Federal Team Leader does not divulge nor discuss
their activities with anyone outside of the Incident Response organization and authorities. The
PIO is responsible for interfacing with the media or public that is observing the RAP team’s
activities and will only discuss DOE activities. No release or sharing of information to the media
or public will occur without coordinating with the RAP Federal Team Leader and Incident
Response authorities, and DOE/NNSA Headquarters. The RAP Team Captain is responsible for
the tactical element and directing the field team and for receiving, assessing, and communicating
the survey results to the RAP Federal Team Leader. The field team members and scientists are
responsible for monitoring and assessing the event scene and communicating the results to the
RAP Team Captain.
The RRC is responsible for notifying the Emergency Response Officer or Nuclear Incident Team
when an incident is expected to exceed the RAP team's response capability. At that time, the
RRC may recommend to the Federal, State, or local authorities to evaluate whether additional
emergency response capabilities specific to the incident and/or assets (i.e., AMS, FRMAC) are
needed. If this occurs, the RAP Federal Team Leader is expected to coordinate the transition of
these resources.
8.6 EVENT TERMINATION
When all involved parties agree that assistance is no longer needed, the RAP Federal Team
Leader will debrief with the Incident Commander or On-Scene Commander, provide radiological
data to the appropriate agency, and return to Richland. A final report will be submitted to
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DOE-HQ in 10 working days. Within 30 working days, the appropriate Federal, State, Tribal,
and/or local agency will be provided a copy of the RAP team's final report.
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9.0 REFERENCES
40 CFR 300, “National Oil and Hazardous Substance Pollution Contingency Plan,” Title 40,
Code of Federal Regulations, Part 300, as amended.
DOE Order 153.1, Departmental Emergency Response Assets, U.S. Department of Energy,
Washington, D.C.
National Response Framework (NRF), January 2008, U.S. Department of Homeland Security,
Washington D.C.
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APPENDIX A
RADIOLOGICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM
INCIDENT REPORT FORM
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1 GMT is 7 hours ahead of PDT. Use 24-hour military time.
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RADIOLOGICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM
INCIDENT REPORT FORM
(To be Completed by Receiver of the Call)
Page 1 of 2
Date of Call:
Time of Call1:
Receiver of Call:
Title:
Organization:
Caller:
Title:
Location of Caller:
Contact Phone Number:
INFORMATION RECEIVED
1. Type of Incident Reported
(select one):
( ) A. Radioactive Materials Transport
( ) B. Nuclear Weapon Accident
( ) C. DOE Facility
( ) D. Nuclear Reactor
( ) E. Other
2a. Incident Date: 2b. Incident Time:
3. Location of Incident:
4. Event Scene Commander:
(Name/Telephone Number)
5. Brief Details of Incident (radiation levels, contamination levels, etc):
6. Is Fire Involved: ( ) Yes ( ) No
7. Other Hazardous Materials:
8. Has a Cordon Been Established at the Scene: ( ) Yes ( ) No
9. Known Radionuclides:
Activity (Ci)
10. Weather Conditions:
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RADIOLOGICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM
INCIDENT REPORT FORM
(To be Completed by Receiver of the Call)
Page 2 of 2
11. Casualties Involved
(include number in brackets):
( ) A. Injured
( ) B. Deaths
( ) C. Contaminated
( ) D. Missing
( ) E. None
12. Responses Currently at the Scene
(check appropriate):
( ) A. State Patrol
( ) B. Emergency Rescue Squad
( ) C. Fire Department
( ) D. State Radiological Field Teams
( ) E. Local/City Police
( ) F. Ambulance Team
( ) G. Other:
13. Tribal, State, Local, or Other Federal Agencies Notified:
14. News Media Reports of the Incident:
ACTIONS TAKEN BY RECEIVER OF CALL
Tribal, State, Local, and Other Federal Agencies Notified After Call:
Radiological Assistance Program (RAP) Team Response:
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APPENDIX B
RADIOLOGICAL TRIAGE
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APPENDIX B
RADIOLOGICAL TRIAGE
NOTE: Keep all Triage data "Unclassified.” If classified information needs to be discussed
or shared, use communication devices set up for classified discussions.
Assemble the Data
1. Contact the DOE/NNSA's 24- hour watch office at (202) 586-8100. Request to
speak to the Emergency Response Officer (ERO)
• Request activation of the Triage System.
• Provide the name and phone number of a contact person.
2. Send an email containing data to be analyzed to the following addresses:
[email protected] [email protected] and [email protected]
3. As an alternative, you can access Triage through the Internet at: https://triage-
data.net The password can be obtained from the HQ ERO.
4. Provide the following descriptions in the email message:
• Name and phone number of contact person
• Brief description of circumstances surrounding event and any other
information that might be useful for understanding the data.
• Type of detector used to gather data.
• Instrument data, including count rate, dose rate, and other instrument-provided
information .
• Estimated distance from the unknown object to the detector(s).
• Description of the unknown object.
• Description of any materials between the object and detector(s).
• Isotopes identified by the detector (if any).
• Neutron count rate if available.
• Data collection time (prefer a minimum of 5 minutes)
5. Spectrum data files (include as attachment to email):
• Spectrum obtained from unknown object
• Spectrum obtained from a known radiation source, if available
• Spectrum obtained as background (clean area near operating area)
6. If available without delaying the Triage process, provide the following
information in the email message:
• Low resolution picture of the detector while in operation.
• Low resolution picture of the unknown object. (Because of possible slow
upload/download speeds, please consider sending photos in a separate email
message.)
• Anything else that might help the scientists.
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