RAN-API Synthesis Report 2013

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National Action Plan for Climate Change Adaptation (RAN-API) - Synthesis Report 1

Republic of Indonesia

National Action Plan forClimate Change Adaptation

(RAN-API)

Synthesis Report

2013


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National Action Plan for Climate Change Adaptation (RAN-API) - Synthesis Report2


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Ministry of National Development Planning /

National Development Planning Agency (Bappenas)

Jl. Taman Suropati No.2, Jakarta Pusat, 10310Telephone : +62 21 319 6207

Facsimile : +62 21 314 5374

Email : [email protected]

[email protected]

Ministry of Environment (KLH)

Jl. D.I Panjaitan Kav.24, Kebon Nanas, Jakarta Timur, 13410

Telephone : +62 21 858 0067-68

+62 21 851 7184


National Council on Climate Change (DNPI)

Kementerian BUMN Building 18th Floor

Jl. Medan Merdeka Selatan No.13, Jakarta, 10110

Telephone : +62 21 351 1400

Facsimile : +62 21 351 1403


Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysical Agency (BMKG)

Jl. Angkasa I No.2 Kemayoran, Jakarta Pusat, 10720

Telephone : +62 21 424 6321

Facsimile : +62 21 424 6703



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National Action Plan for Climate Change Adaptation (RAN-API) - Synthesis Report i

Foreword

As the largest archipelago nation in the world, Indonesia is one of the countries that are most

vulnerable to the negative impacts of climate change. Generally, the global climate change

model has predicted that Indonesia will experience an increase in temperature, intensity of

rainfall that will increase the risk of loods and droughts, and extended dry seasons. The impact

of climate change will among others take the following forms: extended dry seasons, loods,

increased frequency of extreme climate occurences, that affect community health and sources

of living, degrade biodiversity, and instability of the economy. The largest threats of climatechange in Indonesia are the increase of sea surface temperature, changes in the intensity and

patterns of rainfalls, and the increase of the sea surface level.

For anticipating the negative impacts of climate change, the Government of Indonesia has

implemented various endeavors to adapt to climate change, including the formulation of the

national policy document for overcoming the impact of climate change, such as the Indonesia

Adaptation Strategy (Bappenas, 2011), the National Action Plan for Adaptation to Climate

Change of Indonesia (DNPI, 2011), the Indonesia Climate Change Sectoral Road Map (Bappenas,

2010), the National Action Plan for Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation (Ministry of

the Environment, 2007), and the sectoral adaptation plans compiled by Line Ministries/

Government Agencies. For harmonization and operationalization of policy documents, it is

necessary to have a National Action Plan for Climate Change Adaptation (RAN-API).

The RAN-API is a national action plan document on adaptation to the impacts of climate change,

which involves integrated coordination among all the stakeholders, from the government, civil

society organizations, international cooperation agencies and other stakeholders. Briely, RAN-

API contains the action plan for adaptation of priority sectors and cross-sectors in the short-

term (2013-2014), mainstreaming of the adaptation action plan into the National Medium-

Term Development Plan (RPJMN) of 2015-2019 that will be formulated, and the long-term

adaptation policy direction. The RAN-API strengthens endeavors on mitigation that have been

formulated in the RAN-GRK (National Action Plan for Green House Gas Emission Reduction).


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National Action Plan for Climate Change Adaptation (RAN-API) - Synthesis Reportii

Formulation of the RAN-API was conducted in a participatory manner through intensive

discussions and consultations with the related Technical Ministries/Government Agencies,

Local Government, and stakeholders, supported by the development partners. Collaboration

in the RAN-API formulation is an invaluable asset for the implementation of adaptation

action. This Synthesis Report summarize the key strategies, policies, and actions and has been

updated and simpliied from the previous version published in 2012. While the full document

is under process of inalization, this Synthesis Report hopefully can provide the overview on

Indonesias adaptation action plan in general.

Finally, I would like to express my appreciation to all the parties who have contributed to the

formulation of this document and hope that that this document will provide current progress

on national adaptation action plan.

Jakarta, November 2013

Deputy for Natural Resources and Environmental Affairs

Ministry of National Development Planning/

National Development Planning Agency (BAPPENAS)

Endah Murniningtyas


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National Action Plan for Climate Change Adaptation (RAN-API) - Synthesis Report iii

Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................... i

Chapter 1.INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Background .................................................................................................................................................. 1

1.2 Purpose and Objective ............................................................................................................................. 11.3 RAN-API in the National Development Planning ......................................................................... 2

1.4 Approach and Framework ..................................................................................................................... 3

Chapter 2.CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS IMPACT IN INDONESIA .............................................. 4

2.1 Analysis of Climate Change in Indonesia Based Observation Data ..................................... 4

2.1.1 Trend in Surface Temperature Changes .............................................................................. 4

2.1.2 Trend in Rainfall Changes ......................................................................................................... 5

2.1.3 Trend in Sea Level Rise ............................................................................................................... 5

2.1.4 Trends in Extreme Weather and Climate Events............................................................. 5

2.2 Climate Change Projection Based on IPCC-AR4 Models ............................................................ 6

2.2.1 Projection on Increase in Surface Temperature ............................................................... 6

2.2.2 Projection on Rainfall Changes ............................................................................................... 7

2.2.3 Projection on Sea Level Rise ..................................................................................................... 7

2.2.4 Projection on Weather and Climate Extreme Events .................................................... 7

2.3 Potential Impacts of Climate Change ................................................................................................. 8

Chapter 3.POLICY DIRECTION AND OBJECTIVE OF NATIONAL ACTION

PLAN FOR CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION ....................................................................................... 9

3.1 RAN-APIs Policy Direction .................................................................................................................... 9

3.2 RAN-APIs Target, Strategy dan Action Plan ................................................................................... 11

Table of Contents


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National Action Plan for Climate Change Adaptation (RAN-API) - Synthesis Reportiv

Chapter 4.IMPLEMENTATION MECHANISM ....................................................................................... 15

4.1 Coordination Mechanism ....................................................................................................................... 15

4.2 Adaptation Funding Mechanism ......................................................................................................... 17

4.2.1 Sources of Domestic Funding ................................................................................................. 17 4.2.2 Sources of International Funding ......................................................................................... 17

4.3 Monitoring, Evaluation, Review and Reporting Mechanism ................................................. 18

4.3.1 Monitoring, Evaluation and Reporting Mechanism ...................................................... 18

4.3.2 RAN-API Review Mechanism .................................................................................................. 18

Chapter 5.RAN-API PILOT SITES SELECTION ................................................................................... 19

Reference .............................................................................................................................................................. 24


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INTRODUCTION1

1.1 Background

Many scientiic evidence have shown that climate change is happening and is felt by the entireglobal community. Development of adaptation action to climate change is aimed to ensure orsecure the achievement of key development goals and increase physical, economical, social,and environmental resilience of community towards the impacts of climate change. Nationaldevelopment with climate change adaptation agenda has a goal to create a developmentsystem which is adaptive or resilient to climate change.

Currently, most sectoral Line Ministries have developed climate change adaptation actionplans. However, there are still many adaptation activities in these sectors that can, should, andmust be synergized in its implementation with other sectors, so that the target of adaptationcan be achieved and resilience to climate change impacts can be improved. This issue shouldbe an integral part in the formulation of national and sectoral development plans, which isfurther used to develop an integrated and continuous adaptation actions plan.

The formulation of the National Action Plan for Climate Change Adaptation (RAN-API) isexpected to make the implementation of adaptation actions in Indonesia more effectivelyand in an integrated manner. In addition, it is also expected to provide a greater impact insupporting the achievement of sustainable and adaptative/resilient development to climatechange.

1.2 Purpose and Objective

The purpose of the development of RAN-APIis to produce a national action plan to adapt to theimpacts of climate change, which is coordinated in an integrated manner with all stakeholdersinvolved, including from the government, community organizations, public, private, and soforth.

The main objective of adaptation to climate change in the RAN-APIis the implementation of asustainable development system which has a high resilence to climate change impacts.

Chapter


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RAN-API document is developedwith the following speciic objectives: To provide direction for mainstreaming climate change adaptation issues in the national

development planning process. To provide guidance for sectoral and cross-sectoral climate change adaptation action in

the short-term (2013-2014), medium-term (2015-2019), and long-term (2020-2025)

planning. To provide direction for short-term priority adaptation actions to be proposedso that it

can get special attention and support from international funding. As a direction for the sector and local government in developing synergized adaptation

actions and efforts to build more effective communication and coordination systems.

1.3 RAN-API in the National Development Planning

RAN-API is part of Indonesias national development framework. In terms of nationaldevelopment planning, RAN-APIis a cross-cutting thematic plan that is speciic in preparinga more climate change resilient development plan (climate proof/ resilient development) at

the national level. RAN-APIis expected to provide input to the future Government Work Plan(RKP) and the National Medium Term Development Plan (RPJMN), so that the RKPand RPJMNbecome more responsive to the impacts of climate change.

RAN-APIis not a separate document which has formal legal power of its own, but it becomesthe main input and an integral part of national development planning documents and LineMinistries planning. RAN-API is also a reference for local governments in developing localstrategy/action plan for climate change adaptation.

Note:

RPJPN: Long Term National Development Planning; RPJPD: Long Term Regional National Development Planning;

RTRWN: National Spatial Planning; RTRW Kab: District Spatial Planning; RDTR: Detailed Spatial Planning; Renstra

K/L: Line Ministriess Strategic Plan; RPJMN: Mid Term National Development Planning; RPJMD: Mid Term Regional

Development Planning; Renstra SKPD: Local Government Agencys Strategic Planning; Renja K/L: Line Ministry Work

Plan; RKP: Government Work Plan; RKPD: Local Government Work Plan; Renja SKPD: Local Government Agencys

Work Plan

Position of RAN-API in the national development framework


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1.4 Approach and Framework

RAN-RAN-APIis developed by referring to the existing study documents and govenrment workplans. The development began with a review of the existing documents, identify the risks ofclimate change on various areas of life, and set goals, objectives, strategies, as well as action

plans to anticipate the risks of climate change in the future which are synchronized with theLine Ministries work programs.

RAN-APIdocument consists of national adaptation actions that will be implemented within thenext 1-2 years (2013 2014) and actions that will be mainstreamed to the next RPJMN(2015-2019 and 2020-2025). RAN-API document that has been developed will then be reviewedperiodically to continue to be improved with a more speciic scientiic studies.


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Development of RAN-API is based on a scientiic belief on climate change itself.One of theimportant scientiic basis is the fourth assessment report (AR4), published by the IPCC in2007. By using a variety of observational data and the output of global climate models (GCM),the report conirms the role of contribution of human activities (anthropogenic factors) inincreasing concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere is accelerating therate of global average surface temperature increase up to 0.74 C or approximately 0.18over the period of 1906-2005 (IPCC, 2007). Trend of increasing global temperatures (globalwarming)is believed to have caused climate change in various places in the world today.

2.1 Analysis of Climate Change in Indonesia Based Observation Data

2.1.1 Trend in Surface Temperature Changes

Effect of global warming to the increase in surface temperature in Indonesia is estimatedto not be greater than 1.0 C during the 20th century.An accurate estimation is difficult toobtain due to the lack of consistent data recording in Indonesia territory.

Trends in annual average

temperature for land areas

in Indonesia, based on data

from the CRU TS3.1. (CRUdata is one of the global

climate database of the

University of East Anglia,

often used as an alternative

to local observational data)

CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITSIMPACT IN INDONESIA

2Chapter


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2.1.2 Trend in Rainfall Changes

According to several studies that compare January rainfall on the period of 1980-2010 tothe 1961-1990 (baseline data), the change in the average rainfall value is not uniform forIndonesia. The average rainfall for the period of 1980 2010 for most of Sumatra Island is

increasing about 10-50 mm compared to 1961 - 1990. As for other areas, there are areas whichaverage rainfall value is increasing, but some are decreasing.

Examples of the results of rainfall trends analysis in January from GPCC data: (a) the average

baseline value of 1961-1990 (baseline) and (b) the difference in the average value of the period

1980-2010 (data until 2007) compared with the baseline (Bappenas, 2010c).

2.1.3 Trend in Sea Level Rise

Data from Simple Ocean Data Assimilation/SODAshows the characteristic of Indonesias sealevel rise (SLR) with the 30-50 years pattern (1860-1910, 1910-1950, 1950-1990) or multi-decade variations (decadal). This data also shows thatIndonesias SLR is about 0.8 mm/yearand increasing to 1.6 mm/year since 1960 and then jumped to 7 mm/year in 1993.

Average SLR anomalous variations inIndonesian waters in 1860-2010, which

is calculated from SODA data (full green

line), ROMS-SODA (red dashed line),

and altimeter (blue dotted line).It also

shown the linear trend lines calculated

for each data.

2.1.4 Trend in Extreme Weather and Climate Events

Extreme weather and climate events are an intrinsic part of the climate system that areirregular (chaotic).On the other hand, climate change is allegedly has the potential to increasethe frequency of extreme events in various regions of the world.

The trend of change in the odds of daily extreme rainfall based on CDF analysis of TRMMsatellite data indicates an increased chance of daily extreme rainfall in most parts of Indonesia,


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except for some areas in Maluku (colored blue), within a period of approximately 10 yearsranging from 1998 to 2008 .

(a) CDF curve with a threshold value for highest 1% daily rainfall chances based on TRMM

satellite data for the period of 1998-2008. (b) The distribution of value changes in extreme daily

rainfall chances in the TRMM data for the 2003-2008 period relative to the value of opportunitiesin 1998-2002 period.

2.2 Climate Change Projection Based on IPCC-AR4 Models

Climate projection result is highly dependent on the scenarios of increase in greenhousegases (GHGs) concentration in the atmosphere which is based on the assumption of globalsocio-economic development and the main technologies that support it. In the IPCC-AR4, thescenarios used are based on the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES).

2.2.1 Projection on Increase in Surface Temperature

IPCC-AR4 models assume that the temperature rise is caused predominantly by the effectsof GHGs spread evenly in the atmosphere, therefore the projected average increase intemperature for the region of Malang in East Java can represent all regions in Indonesia. Asshown in the igure, it can be said the projected increase in average surface temperaturethroughout Indonesia due to GHGs until the period of 2020-2050 is approximately 0.8 - 1Crelative to recent climatic period in the 20th century (Bappenas, 2010c).

Average surface temperature

projections for the area of Malang,

East Java based on IPCC-AR4 model

after going through downscaling

process. Showing also historical data

from 1951 to 2010 and the resultsof GCM model simulations for the

20th century and projections for the

three SRES scenarios B1, A1B, and

A2. Monthly time series data was

irst smoothed to show the long-term

trend (KLH, 2012a)


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2.2.2 Projection on Rainfall Changes

IPCC-AR4 models generally show changes in rainfall patterns are more varied in Indonesia,both temporally and spatially. Projection analysis based on the output of seven GCM on averageshowed no signiicant change for the period of 2020 to 2050(Bappenas, 2010c). This indicates

that, up to 2020-2050 period, natural climate variability is more involved than the effects ofGHGs in determining changes in rainfall. However, the changes leading up to and after 2050needs more attention.

SNC report (KLH, 2010) shows the trend of fourteen GCM models to the changes in seasonalrainfall in Indonesia based on two emission scenarios (SRES A2 and B1) for 2025 and 2050. Themodels that are part of the two scenarios agree that there is a trend towards reduced rainfallin June-July-August (JJA) and the transition to the September-October-November (SON) in Javaand Nusa Tenggara Islands. In addition, the models also agree that Java and Nusa TenggaraIslands have increased rainfall in December-January-February (DJF). This trend is likely tocontrast with the projection for most areas in the other islands.

2.2.3 Projection on Sea Level Rise

The increase in sea level (sea level rise/SLR) provides a huge potential threat to Indonesiawhich is an archipelagic country consisting many islands and small islands. In 2050, SLRdue to global warming is projected to reach 35-40 cm relative to year 2000. Based on theseprojections, the maximum SLR (including the dynamics of melting ice) in Indonesia can reachup to 175 cm in 2100 (Bappenas, 2010b).

Estimates of the rate of increase in sea level in Indonesia based on the model that takes intoaccount the dynamics of melting ice (Bappenas, 2010b)

2.2.4 Projection on Weather and Climate Extreme Events

Analysis on extreme events projection is not easy to do because it requires plenty of time foranalysis and more detailed data. Therefore, it can be understood that a comprehensive studyrelated to extreme events in Indonesia is still very limited.


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Studies on changes in the odds of extreme events in the Indonesian territory are more focusedon extreme rainfall events. As for the extreme events related to the temperature change suchas heat waves, do not show a significant trend at least up to 2050, either according to the studyof historical data (such as that written by Manton et al, 2001), as well as GCM studies.

2.3 Potential Impacts of Climate Change

Theoretically, the change in climate indicators such as surface temperature, precipitation, seasurface temperature, sea level, extreme climate events (ENSO, IOD, DMI, IPO), and extremeweather events (heavy rain, strong storm winds, and storm surge) which have been projectedabove will give rise to a variety of potential impacts on areas related to national developmentsystem whether in terms of economic,livelihood, ecosystem, as well as special regions.

Climate change impacts in Indonesia have been studies quite a lot eventhough the scope ofthe studies are generally still in national scale. The two main references which can be used arethe Indonesia Climate Change Sectoral Roadmap (ICCSR) developed by Bappenas and SecondNational Communication (SNC) developed by KLH, both in 2010.

In ICCSR, it was mentioned that the potential impacts of climate hazards can affect the keysectors such as water, marine and isheries, health, agriculture, and forestry. In the watersector, climate change may lead to the four major hazard, i.e., decrease in water availability,loods, landslides, and droughts which are generally caused by the parameters of rainfall andextreme weather and climate events.

ICCSR and SNC documents have identiied the distribution of major climate change hazardrisks level in Indonesia. Java, Bali and Sumatra islands are mentioned as three areas that havehigh and very high risk compared to other regions.The risk is associated with a high degree ofvulnerability caused by population, residential areas, and infrastructure in the three regions.

The level of climate change risks in Indonesia by region (modiied from the data of ICCSR and

SNC documents)

Risks Sumatra Java-Bali Kalimantan SulawesiNusa

TenggaraMaluku Papua

Decrease inwater availability

M, H, VH H, VH L, M H, VH H, VH L, M L

Flood H, VH H, VH L, M, H L, M, H L L L, M

Drought H, VH H, VH L L, M L, M, VH L L

Coastalinundation

M, H M, H, VH M, H, VH M, H M, H M, H M, H

The spread ofdengue fever

L, M, H L, M, H L, M L, M L, M L, M L, M, H

The spread ofMalaria

L, M L, M, H L, M L, M, H L, M, H, VH M, H M, H, VH

The spread ofDiarrhea

L, M, H L, M, H L, M, H L, M, H L, M, H L, M, H L, M, H, VH

Decrease in riceproduction

H, VH H, VH - - H, VH - -

Forest fires M, H, VH M, H - - - - -

Note: L: Low; M: Moderate; H: High; VH: Very High


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Adaptation to climate change is adjustment in ecological, social and economic systems inresponse to impacts of climate change that have occurred or are expected to occur. This refersto the processes, practices, and structures to reduce potential losses and take advantage ofthe changes caused by climate change. More speciically, adaptation to climate change meansreducing vulnerability by increasing the resilience of a system.

3.1 RAN-API: Policy Direction

Systematic and integrated efforts with a reliable strategy, as well as joint commitment andresponsibility of various stakeholders are needed in mainstreaming climate change in nationalor local development agenda. RAN-APIis a relection of the sector and cross-sector readiness

in responding to and anticipating the threat of climate change through programs and actionswhich are based on the projections in the future.

By considering the deinition of adaptation as an effort to improve system resilience tothe impacts of climate change, adaptation to climate change in Indonesia is directed as thefollowing:

1. Efforts to adjust the strategy, policy, management, technology and attitude aimed atreducing the negative impacts of climate change and, if possible, to maximize its positivebeneits.

POLICY DIRECTION ANDOBJECTIVE OF NATIONAL

ACTION PLAN FOR CLIMATECHANGE ADAPTATION

3Chapter


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2. Efforts to reduce the nature (direct, indirect, continuous, discontinuous, and permanent)and rate of climate change impacts.

By paying attention to sectors and aspects of development, despite being affected by theeffects of climate change, national development goals can still be achieved as long as there are

resilience in the economic, social and environment. In addition, resilence is also needed inspecial regions such as small islands, coastal and urban areas.

Therefore, the strategic objectives of RAN-APIare directed to (a) build economic resilence, (b)establish the livelihood (social) resilience to climate change impacts (livelihood resilience),(c) maintaining the sustainability of environmental services (ecosystem resilience) and (d)strengthen the resilience in special regions such as urban areas, as well as coastal and smallislands. In addition, to reinforce the above objectives, it requires support system which arerelected in the management of knowledge, planning and budgeting, capacity building, as well

as monitoring and evaluation.

Strategic goals and objectives of RAN-API


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3.2 RAN-API: Target, Strategy dan Action Plan

By paying attention to the sectors and aspects of development which are affected by climatechange as previously described; the RAN-APItargets, strategies and cluster of action plans are

presented by 5 (ive) areas as follows:

RAN-API Target, Strategy and Action Plan

Target Strategy Cluster of Action Plan

1.

EconomicResilience

1.1. Sub-Sector of Food Security

Decreased rate of agricultural andfisheries food production loss due toclimate change

New growth areas of food productionin areas with low climate risk andminimum environmental impact aredeveloped

Food security system for farmers,

fishermen and community (micro)with a healthy, nutritious andbalanced food pattern, and diversifiedto the optimum level is developed

Adjustment and developmentof farming systems to climatechange

Development andimplementation of adaptivetechnology to climate stress

Development and optimizationof land, water and genetic

resources

1. Adjustment of Food ProductionSystems

2. Expansion of farming and aquacultureareas

3. Repairment and development ofagriculture and fisheries infrastructure

4. Acceleration of food diversification

5. Development of innovative andadaptive technology

6. Development of information andcommunication systems (climate andtechnology)

7. Supporting programs

1.2. Sub-Sector of Energy Security

Hidropower and geothermal energysources at low climate risk areas are

esteblished

High productivity and climate stressresistance crops for bioenergy(biomass and biofuels) is developed

Organic waste utilization for energyand gas production, especially forhigh density populated areas toreduce the environmental pollution isoptimized and the tolerance interval(vulnerability) of the area to theextreme rainfall impacts is improved

Increased use of renewable energysources in remote villages

Restoration and conservationof rainfall catchment areas in

river vasin areas that becomethe sources of hydropower andgeothermal energy stations

Optimization of organic wasteand biomass utilization for thedevelopment of energy sourcesfrom biofuels

1. Restoration and conservation of rainfallcatchment areas

2. Expansion of renewable energysources utilization

3. Development of innovative andadaptive technology for the cultivationof biofuel source crops and energysource plantations



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2.

LivelihoodResilience

2.1. Sub-Sector of Health

Factors of vulnerability and risk topublic health that can be caused

by climate change is identified andcontrolled

The awareness and utilization of earlywarning system for infectious andnon-infectious diseases outbreakcaused by climate change

Regulations, legislation, andinstitutional capacity at central andlocal levels on the risks to publichealth that can be posed by climatechange is stengthened

Increased knowledge, technologicalinnovation, and communityparticipation on health related climatechange adaptation

Strengthening and updatingof information on vulnerability

and risk to public health due toclimate change

Development of policy,planning, network, and inter-agency cooperation at thelocal, regional and nationallevel related to public healthrisk due to climate change

Capacity building and earlywarning system developmenton climate change-relatedthreats to public health in thecommunity and governmentlevel

1. Identification and control of factors ofvulnerability and risk to public health

caused by climate change2. Strengthening the awareness and

utilization of early warning system forinfectious and non-infectious diseasesoutbreak caused by climate change

3. Strengthening the regulations,legislation, and institutional capacityat central and local levels on the risksto public health that can be posed byclimate change

4. Increased knowledge, technologicalinnovation, and communityparticipation on health related climatechange adaptation

2.2. Sub-Sector of Settlement

Study and research on improving theresilience of settlements adaptive toclimate change is implemented

Development and managementof settlements with integration ofclimate change adaptation andsustainable development concept isimplemented

Increased understanding ofstakeholders and the publicregarding the climate change resilientsettlements

Increased access to decent andaffordable housing

Provision of facilities for studyand research activities on thesettlement resilience whichadaptive to climate change

Development of residentialstructures resilient to climatechange impacts and affordable

Dissemination of informationto the government at variouslevels on the settlements whichresilient to the impacts ofclimate change

Development of the climatechange adaptation program ofsub-sector of settlement thatrefers to the the needs arisingfrom climate change issues

1. Studies and researches on increasingthe resilience of settlements adaptiveto climate change

2. Development and management ofSettlement

3. Efforts for community empowerment

4. Access to decent and affordablehousing

2.3. Sub-Sector of Infrastructure

Development of infrastructureresilience that adaptive to climatechange

Infrastructure adaptive to climatechange is developed

Infrastructure that has a directimpact on public health and resilientto climate change is provided andadjusted

Infrastructure layout managementthat is integrated with spatial planningin sustainable development concept

Adjustment of the structure,components, design andlocation of infrastructure sothat it will be resilient to climatechange

Infrastructure improvementsthat are vulnerable to climate

change both in terms ofstructure, function and location

Providing support to studyand research activities onthe concept development ofinfrastructure resilience toclimate change

1. Research and development of concepton infrastructure resilience

2. Development of infrastructure adaptiveto climate change

3. Risk reduction on distruption to thetransport accessibility functions onroad, bridges, railways, ports and

airports due to climate change impacts4. Enhancement, provision, and

adjustment of infrastructure that hasa direct impact on public health andresilient to climate change

5. Integration to sustainable development

6. Improvement on infrastructure supportsystem for climate change adaptation

7. Design, supply and management ofenergy infrastructure so that it will beadaptive to climate change


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3.

EcosystemResilience

Decreased area of damaged naturalterrestrial and marine ecosystemsdue to climate change

Increased quantity and quality of

coral reefs and forest cover in thepriority river basin areas

Decreased threat level of key species

System for ecosystem resilience isdeveloped

Securing the availability ofwater and protection againstextreme climate events

Prevention of loss of

ecosystems and biodiversity

Maintenance of water supplysustainability, conservation ofecosystems and biodiversityconservation

1. Improvement of spatial planning andland use

2. Management and utilization ofsustainable productive areas

3. Improvement of conservation andessential ecosystem area governance

4. Rehabilitation of degraded ecosystems

5. Reduction of threats to ecosystems

6. Development of information andcommunication system


4.

SepcialAreasResilience

4.1 Sub-Sector of Urban Area

Climate change adaptation isintegrated into urban spatial planningplans

Urban infrastructure and facilities areadjusted to anticipate the threat ofclimate change

Increased capacity of urbancommunities related to climatechange issues

Adjustment of spatial planfor urban area to the threat ofclimate change

Sustainable environmentalmanagement for urban area

Improvement on quality ofinfrastructure and facilities inurban area

Capacity building for urbanarea community in facing thethreat of climate change

Development and optimizationof research and informationsytem on climate in urban area

1. Integration of adaptation into urbanspatial planning plans

2. Adjustment of urban infrastructureand facilities to anticipate the threat ofclimate change

3. Capacity building for urbancommunities on climate change issues

4.2 Sub-Sector of Coastal and Small Islands area

Improved capacity of coastal andsamll islands community on climatechange issues

Environment and ecosystem ismanaged and utilized for climatechange adaptation

Structural and non-structuraladaptation measures is appliedto anticipate the threat of climatechange

Climate change adaptation isintegrated into management plan ofcoastal and small islands area

Improved climate change adaptationsupporting system in coastal andsmall islands area

Achievement of livelihoodstability for coastal and smallislands community to the threatof climate change

Improvement of environmentalquality in coastal and smallislands area

Implementation of adaptationstructure development incoastal and small islands area

Adjustment of coastal andsmall islands spatial plan to thethreat of climate change

Development and Optimizationof research and informationsystem on climate in coastaland small islands area

1. Capacity building for costal and smallislands community on climate changeissues

2. Management and utilization ofenvironment and ecosystem forclimate change adaptation

3. Application of structural and non-structural adaptation measures toanticipate the threat of climate change

4. Integration of adaptation efforts tomanagement plan of coastal and smallislands area

5. Improvement on climate changeadaptation supporting system incoastal and small islands area


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5.

SupportingSystem

Improved capacity for stakeholderson climate change adaptation

Accurate andupdated climateinformation system is developed

Increased research and developmenton knowledge and technology relatedto climate change adaptation

Planning and budgeting responsive toclimate change is developed

Climate change adaptation activitiesare monitored and evaluated

Improvement of capacityof highly vulnerable to lowvulnerable

Information development thatcould increase knowledge andskill on how to reduce climatechange vulnerability factors

Research and development oftechnology to identify variouscause of climate change andclimate change disasateradaptation strategy

Integration of adaptation effortsinto development planning andbudgeting on local, regional,and national level

Monitoring and evaluationto obtain information on the

progress and achievementof programs, issues to beanticipated, good lesson tobe learned, and information toformulate future strategy

1. Capacity building for stakeholders onclimate change adaptation

2. Development of accurate andupdatedclimate information system

3. Increasing research and develoment onknowledge and technology related toclimate change adaptation

4. Development of planning andbudgeting as well as regulationformulation that are responsive toclimate change

5. Monitoring and evaluation of climatechange adaptation activities


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4.1 Coordination Mechanism

The development of RAN-API document is expected to improve the coordination between

related Line Ministries and other stakeholders, including private, non-governmentalorganizations, international cooperation agencies, universities and research institutes. Inorder to facilitate better coordination of climate change mitigation and adaptation as well as toimprove the eficiency and effectiveness of the achievement of climate change mitigation andadaptation action plan, the Minister of National Development Planning / Head of Bappenashas issued a ministerial decree No. Kep.38/M.PPN/HK/ 03/2012on the establishment of theClimate Change Coordination Team. Based on the mandate and composition of its membership,the coordination team has an important role in coordinating cross Line Ministries at the centrallevel.

The Climate Change Coordination Team consists of the Steering Committee team and 6 (six)Working Groups (WG), namely:

1. Agriculture WG2. Forestry and Peatlands WG

3. Energy, Transport and Industry WG

4. Waste Management WG

5. Other Supporting and Cross-Sectoral issues WG

6. Adaptation WG

Adaptation Working Group (WG VI) is one of the working groups set up with the followingtasks:

IMPLEMENTATIONMECHANISM

4Chapter


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1. To coordinate the implementation of climate change adaptation program

2. To synchronize the work plans of each ministry/institution

3. To develop RAN-API

4. Compiled quarterly and yearly report of the Working Group, and report the implementation

of programs and activities to the Chairman of the Steering Committee Team5. Carry out other relevant duties as directed by the Chairman of the Steering Committee

Team

In implementing RAN-API, role of institutions outside the Adaptation Working Group andClimate Change Coordination Team is still need to be set up, especially for the implementationof adaptation actions in local level. Meanwhile, the division of tasks of RAN-API at theministerial level is divided into:

1. Coordinating Minister for Peoples Welfare will coordinate the implementation andmonitoring of RAN-API with the involvement of the Ministers and Governors related toclimate change adaptation efforts, and report the integrated implementation of RAN-APIto the President at least once a year.

2. Minister of National Development Planning / Head of Bappenas is responsible forcoordinating the evaluation and review of RAN-API, and to develop guideline for thedevelopment of local climate change adaptation strategy/plan.

3. Minister of Home Affairs is in charge of facilitating the development of local climate changeadaptation strategy/ plan together with the Minister of National Development Planning/Head of Bappenas and the Ministry of Environment.

4. Other Ministries/Institutions according to their own duties are in charge of RAN-APIimplementation, both with their own funding and cooperation with the internationalcommunity, as well as monitor the implementation and report the monitoring resultperiodically to the Minister for National Development Planning/Head of Bappenas.

5. The provincial governments are expected to develop local climate change adaptation

strategy/plan which refers to the RAN-API and in accordance with regional developmentpriorities and relects the ability of the public budget.

6. The Governors convey the local climate change adaptation strategy/plan to the Ministerof Home Affairs and Minister of National Development Planning/Head of Bappenas tofacilitate the integration of local climate change adaptation strategy/plan into nationaladaptation efforts.

Local governments have an important role in the implementation of adaptation in accordancewith the conditions of local area and the level of vulnerability of their respective regions.The local climate change adaptation strategy/plan (provincial and district/city) should beintegrated with local development planning, in this case the Local Medium Development Plan(RPJMD) and the provincial/district/city spatial planning (RTRW) documents.In addition, the

local climate change strategy/plan document contains the priority programs and activities bysector and closely linked to each Strategic Plan (Renstra) of relevant local government agencies(SKPD).


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4.2 Adaptation Funding Mechanism

To date there is no climate change adaptation funding policy speciically developed to supportthe implementation of adaptation action plans in Indonesia. However, the funding for theclimate change adaptation is part of the funding for overall development that are based on the

annual development plan at the central, province and district/city.In the medium-term development planning, the climate change issue has received priorityfor funding through the state budget (APBN) mechanism. In addition, climate change fundingpolicy is not only from domestic funding sources, but developed from various other sources offunding, including from the private sector and international cooperation. Various programs foradaptation to climate change is widely supported by funding from international cooperation,both in the form of capacity building and inancing of pilot projects.

4.2.1 Sources of Domestic Funding

Domestic funding by the state budget, in accordance with the RPJMN2010 2014 and thecurrent year annual work plan,is the top priority for RAN-API funding. Other domestic fundingresources include local budget (APBD), government debt, private investment (banking and

non-banking), and corporate social responsibility program (CSR).

Funds from the state budget in general will be channeled through the central governmentministries/institutions as well as the State-Owned Enterprise (BUMN) with a mechanismthat has been established. Nevertheless, funds from the state budget can be piped back to theprivate sector with a particular mechanism in accordance with the type of source of funds.Main source of funding in local level is the local budget, in accordance with the capabilities andpriorities of the local government.

Some domestic private funding sources for climate change adaptation activities includebanking, non-banking, CSR, public private partnerships (PPP), and insurance. Domestic privatefunding can be identiied to support the funding coming from the government.

4.2.2 Sources of International Funding

Source of fund from several international institutions are widely available and can be used byboth the government and private sectors. The use of this funding source is highly dependent onthe existing proposal mechanism in each fund providing institution. Related to climate change,the UNFCCC mechanism opens access for developing countries to receive fund from developedcountries. GEF is appointed as the institution which manages and transfers the funds througha multilateral institution such as World Bank and UNDP which act as a representative.

New funding mechanism through UNFCCC has not yet been decided. Although, in theCopenhagen Agreement there has been plans to establish a Copenhagen Green Climate Fund,to date there has not been any agreement about the form it will take, the transfer mechanism,and the criteria required to receive such funds.

Other international funding mechanisms which requires more attention are as follows: theAdaptation Fund, Least Developed Countries fund, Special Climate Change Fund, Climateand Development Knowledge Network, Global Climate Change Aliance, Global Facility forDisaster Reduction and Recovery, and the International Climate Initiative. Several bilateral andmultilateral cooperation could also be used to support adaptation activities.

To be able to access these international funds, the capacity of Indonesia Climate Change TrustFund (ICCTF) as an institution which is aimed to accommodate national and internationalgrants for climate change needs to be increased. The increase of capacity will allow ICCTF toget accreditation as National Implementing Entity (NIE).


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4.3 Monitoring, Evaluation, Review and Reporting Mechanism

In the implementation of RAN-API, a monitoring, evaluation, reporting and review mechanismwill be developed. This mechanism will be a part of RAN-API development and update cyclewhich is based on the development of current climate change in the national and global level.

4.3.1 Monitoring, Evaluation and Reporting Mechanism

RAN-API monitoring and evaluation process is required to make sure the achievement ofits targets and objectives. The process of RAN-API monitoring is done by the related LineMinistries and is reported periodically to the Minister of National Development Planning/Headof Bappenas. The monitoring and evaluation mechanism has to be in line with the monitoringand evaluation activities which has been done for development activities.

4.3.2 RAN-API Review Mechanism

Climate change adaptation requires a comprehensive study as the basis, taking into accountthe dynamic developments occurring globally and nationally. In addition to the developmentof existing science and technology, various new breakthroughs may be found in the future.

Ministry of National Development Planning /Bappenas together with related Ministries/Institutions will conduct the evaluation process and review of integrated RAN-API periodicallyin accordance with national requirements and the latest global developments.


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RAN-APIPILOT SITES SELECTION

5Chapter

The formulation of local climate change adaptation strategy/plan based on a complete

vulnerability assessment is important for the implementation of adaptation. However, given the

limited resources and capacity of local governments, the central government has the initative

to conduct climate change adaptation pilot activities for the RAN-API in the vulnerable regions.These pilot activities location is selected based on the available vulnerability assessment

documents which have been developed by various ministries/institutions, development

partners and civil society organization (CSO) in collaboration with the local governments.

The implementation of the pilot activities is expected to give a good and full overview on climate

change adaptation implementation at local level, these including the activities initiatied by

or in cooperation between central government, local government, development partners and

community.

It is also expected that the pilot activities can encourage local governments in putting climate

change impacts as one of important factors to the development and to conduct adequate

assessment, as well as planning and integrating it into the local climate change adaptation

strategy/plan. The local climate change adaptation strategy/plan needs to be synchronizedwith the local government development planning and budgeting. To ensure that the adaptation

activities are implemented appropriately, a monitoring and evaluation system is required. The

result of monitoring and evaluation can be used as feedback to the next adaptation planning.

To support the implementation of the pilot activities, coordination between central

government (line ministries) and local government (SKPD or local government agencies)

related to adaptation actions is needed. Therefore, based on adaptation actions listed in RAN-

API document, appropriate Quick Win activities are need to be selected as the pilot projects at

the vulnerable areas that need special attention for adaptation.


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The selection of pilot activities location is conducted based on several criterias, as follow:

1. Availability of complete vulnerability assessment, consist of climate assessment, potentialimpact, affected sector, and cluster of adaptation activities recommendation.

2. Local governments commitment to climate change adaptation, shown by the existing

adaptation strategy and plan, mainstreaming to local development plan and budget,3. Previous or existing adaptation related activities, funded by local budget or other

funding resources (private, development partners, etc.)

4. Establishment of local climate change working group/task force

5. Linkage with RAN-API

Based on above criterias, there are 15 regions with high scoring result (score 4 and 5 out of 5),

which are recommended as priority pilot location for the RAN-API, namely:

Priority Regions for RAN-API Pilot Activities

No Province/Regency/City Score

1 Bali Province 52 Semarang City 5

3 Pekalongan City 5

4 West Java Province 5

5 Blitar City 5

6 Bandar Lampung City 5

7 East Java Province 4

8 Malang District 4

9 Batu City 4

10 Malang City 4

11 West Nusa Tenggara Province 4

12 Lombok Island 4

13 Tarakan District 4

14 South Sumatra Province 4

15 North Sumatra Province 4


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SummaryofVAscoringforRAN

-APIPilotProjectPriorityArea(p

leriminaryresult)

No

Province/

District/City

VulnerabilityAssessment

LocalGovernmentCommitmen

t

Climate

Change

Working

Group

Linkagew

ith

RAN-AP

I

Availabili

ty

Sector

ClusterofAction

Adaptation

Strategy/

ActionPlan

Integrationinto

LocalDevelopment

PlanandBudget

Other

Funding

Resources

Score

1

South

Sumatra

Province

V

Agriculture,

Coastal,Health

V

V

NA

V

Livelihoodresilence,

sub-sectorof

infrastructurea

nd

health

4

2

Tarakan

District

V

Health

Irrigationanddrinking

waternetwork

development,

provisionand

managementof

rawwater,healthy

environment

development

V

V

NA

V


sub-sectorof

infrastructurea

nd

health

4

3

EastJava

Province

V

Health,water

V

V

NA

V

Economicresilience,

sub-sectoroffood

security

4

4

Malang

District

V

Agriculture

(corn,apple),

freshwater,

landslide

hazard,and

health

Pondsestablishment,

sertifiedseed,

agriculture

insfratructure,

irrigationanddrinking

waternetwork,

reforestration

V

V

NA

V

Economicresilience,

sub-sectorof

foodsecurity,a

nd

Livelihoodresilience,

sub-sectorof

infrasturcturea

nd

health

4

5

BatuCity

V

Agriculture

(Apple)

Sertifiedseed,

organicfertilizer,

replantingand

expansionofapple

plantation,agriculture

infrastructureand

facilities

V

V

NA

V

Economiresilie

nce,

sub-sectoroffood

security

4


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No

Province/

District/City



t

Climate

Change

Working

Group

Linkagew

ith

RAN-AP

I

Availabili

ty

Sector

ClusterofAction

Adaptation

Strategy/

ActionPlan

Integrationinto

LocalDevelopment

PlanandBudget

Other

Funding

Resources

Score

6

MalangCity

V

Health,

freshwater,

landslide

hazardr

Irrigationanddrinking

waternetwork

development,

provisionand

managementof

rawwater,healthy

environment

development,

reforestation

V

V

NA

V


sub-sectorof

infrastructurea

nd

health

4

7

BlitarCity

V

Agriculture,

Freshwater,

Health

Foodproduction

system,climate

changeadaptive

infrastructure,

increasingawareness

toclimate-induced

diseases

V

(Climate

Change

Integrated

Strategyof

BlitarCity)

V

V

Localbudget

V


sub-sectorof

infrastructurea

nd

health

5

8

Semarang

City

V

Infrastructure,

econom

y,

settlement

FloodControl

V

(construction

ofsea

dikesand

floodcanal;

industrial

relocation)

V

V

Mercycorp

ACCCRN

V

Livelihoodresilience,

sub-sectorof

settlement;spe

cial

arearesilience,sub-

sectorofcoastaland

smallislands

5

9

Pekalongan

CIty

V

Settlement,

Public

Work,

Economy

Tidalflood,

frestwater

andsanitation

V

V

GIZ

V

special

area

resilience,sub

-sector

ofcoastaland

small

islands

5


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No

Province/

District/City



t

Climate

Change

Working

Group

Linkagew

ith

RAN-AP

I

Availabili

ty

Sector

ClusterofAction

Adaptation

Strategy/

ActionPlan

Integrationinto

LocalDevelopment

PlanandBudget

Other

Funding

Resources

Score

10

Bandar

LampungCity

V

Infrastructure

(freshwater,

drainage,

settlement

waste,coastal,

fisheries,

health,

education

Freshwaterprovision,

groundwater

conservation,waste

management,

coastalcommunity

empowerment,

educationandhealth

quality

V

(strategy

forurban

resilience

toclimate

change)

V

ACCCRN,

APBDdan

APBN

V

specialarea

resilience,sub-sector

ofurbanarea,and

sub-sectorofc

oastal

andsmallislan

ds

5

11

ProvinsiNTB

V

V

V

NA

V

4

12

Lombok

island

V

Agriculture,

estatecrops,

forestry,

fisheriesand

coastal,health,

andfresh

water

Anticipationon

shortagesofclean

water,tidalfloodand

abrasion

V

V

NA

V

BidangKetahanan

WilayahKhusu

s

specialarea

resilience,sub-sector

ofcoastalandsmall

islands

4

13

WestJava

Province

V

V

V

ADB

V


sub-sectorof

infrastructurea

nd

health

5

14

BaliProvince

V

Agriculture

Trainingforfarmers,

establishmentof

farmercooperatives,

provisionofquality

seeds

V

V

LocalBudget

V

Economicresilience,

sub-sectoroffood

security

5

15

North

Sumatra

Province

V

Agriculture,

water,urban

area,coastal

area

NA

V

(Agriculture)

V

NA

V

Economicresilience,

sub-sectoroffood

security

4


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Reference

Bappenas, 2010a. Indonesian Climate Change Sectoral Roadmap - ICCSR: Synthesis Report,edited by Bappenas, Republik Indonesia, ISBN 978-979-3764-49-8.

Bappenas, 2010b. Indonesian Climate Change Sectoral Roadmap - ICCSR: Basis Saintiik:Analisis dan Proyeksi Kenaikan Muka Air Laut dan Cuaca Ekstrim, edited by Bappenas,Republik Indonesia.

Bappenas, 2010c. Indonesian Climate Change Sectoral Roadmap - ICCSR: Basis Saintiik:Analisis dan Proyeksi Temperatur dan Curah Hujan, edited by Bappenas, Republik Indonesia.

Bappenas, 2010d. Indonesian Climate Change Sectoral Roadmap - ICCSR: Sektor Kelautan danPerikanan, edited by Bappenas, Republik Indonesia.

Bappenas, 2010e. Indonesian Climate Change Sectoral Roadmap - ICCSR: Sektor Kesehatan,edited by Bappenas, Republik Indonesia.

Bappenas, 2010f. Indonesian Climate Change Sectoral Roadmap - ICCSR: Sektor Pertanian,edited by Bappenas, Republik Indonesia.

Bappenas, 2010g. Indonesian Climate Change Sectoral Roadmap - ICCSR: Sektor Sumber DayaAir, edited by Bappenas, Republik Indonesia.

IPCC, 2007. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working GroupI to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeRep., 996pp pp, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.

Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup, 2010. Indonesia Second National Communication Under TheUnited Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Jakarta, November 2010

Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup, 2012. Climate Change Risk and Adaptation Assessment GreaterMalang, Jakarta, June 2012

Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup, 2012. Climate Change Risk and Adaptation AssessmentTarakan, Jakarta, June 2012

Manton, M.J., Della-Marta, P.M., Haylock, M.R., Hennessy, K.J., Nicholls, N., Chambers, L.E.,Collins, D.A., Daw, G., Finet, A., Gunawan, D., Inape, K., Isobe, H., Kestin, T.S., Lefale, P., Leyu, C.H.

Lwin, T., Maitrepierre, L., Ouprasitwong, N., Page, C.M., Pahalad, J., Plummer, N., Salinger, M.J.,Suppiah, R., Tran, V.L., Trewin, B., Tibig, I. and Yee, D. 2001. Trends in extreme daily rainfalland temperature in southeast Asia and the South Paciic: 19161998. International Journal ofClimatology, 21, 269284


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Documents

RAN-API Synthesis Report 2013