Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny

Ms. Ramos Ms. Ramos Alta Loma High SchoolAlta Loma High School

(Some slides from (Some slides from Susan Pojer, Bedford St. Martins, and Stephen Aron Ph.D. ))

Election of 1840Election of 1840

• Harrison (Whig) v. Van Buren (Dem)

• Whigs (Webster & Clay) want to control Harrison

Tyler Becomes Pres!Tyler Becomes Pres!

• Jacksonian Dem

• Disagrees w/ most of Whig party

• Vetoes more leg than any other single term pres

Tyler & Conflict w/ UKTyler & Conflict w/ UK

• Panic of 1837

• Caroline Incident

• Creole Incident

• Aroostook War– Webster Ashburton Treaty

• Sig: treaty helped create compromise & improve relations

Manifesting Destiny:Manifesting Destiny:Picturing and Mapping Picturing and Mapping American ExpansionAmerican Expansion

Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny

• 1840s & 1850s belief: God destined America to control Western Hemisphere– Spread democracy

– Land greed & ideals

– Mvmt really began in 1830s w/Indian removal

Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny"Our manifest destiny (is) to overspread "Our manifest destiny (is) to overspread "Our manifest destiny (is) to overspread "Our manifest destiny (is) to overspread "Our manifest destiny (is) to overspread "Our manifest destiny (is) to overspread "Our manifest destiny (is) to overspread "Our manifest destiny (is) to overspread thethethethethethethethe

continent allotted by Providence for the continent allotted by Providence for the continent allotted by Providence for the continent allotted by Providence for the continent allotted by Providence for the continent allotted by Providence for the continent allotted by Providence for the continent allotted by Providence for the freefreefreefreefreefreefreefree

development of our yearly multiplying development of our yearly multiplying development of our yearly multiplying development of our yearly multiplying development of our yearly multiplying development of our yearly multiplying development of our yearly multiplying development of our yearly multiplying millions."millions."millions."millions."millions."millions."millions."millions."

John O' SullivanJohn O' Sullivan"Democratic Review"Democratic Review””

18451845Zinn pg. 152

John John GastGast, , ““American ProgressAmerican Progress””18721872

Albert Bierstadt, Emigrants Albert Bierstadt, Emigrants Crossing the Plains, 1867Crossing the Plains, 1867

William Jewett, The Promised Land, William Jewett, The Promised Land, 18501850

Charles Charles NahlNahl, Miners in the Sierras, , Miners in the Sierras, 18511851--5252

ErnesteErneste E. E. NarjotNarjot, , ““Miners: A Moment at Rest (Gold Miners: A Moment at Rest (Gold Rush Camp),Rush Camp),”” 18821882

Thomas Thomas Moran, Moran,

““Mountain of Mountain of the Holy the Holy

Cross,Cross,”” 18751875

What What do do you you see?see?

What What do do you you see?see?

Andrew Melrose, Andrew Melrose, ““Westward the Star of Empire Takes Westward the Star of Empire Takes Its Way,Its Way,”” 18671867

Charles Charles DeasDeas, A Solitary Indian Seated on the Edge of a Precipice (1847), A Solitary Indian Seated on the Edge of a Precipice (1847)

Election of 1844Election of 1844

• Polk (D)

• Clay (W)

• Liberty Party: James G. Birney

“JAMES K. POLK”by They Might Be Giants

In 1844, the Democrats were splitThe three nominees for the presidential

candidateWere Martin Van Buren, a former president

and an abolitionistJames Buchanan, a moderateLewis Cass, a general and expansionistFrom Nashville came a dark horse riding upHe was James K. Polk, Napoleon of the

Stump!

“JAMES K. POLK”by They Might Be Giants

Austere, severe, he held few people dearHis oratory filled his foes with fearThe factions soon agreedHe's just the man we needTo bring about victoryFulfill our Manifest DestinyAnd annex the land the Mexicans commandAnd when the votes were cast the winner

wasMister James K. Polk, Napoleon of the

Stump!

“JAMES K. POLK”by They Might Be Giants

In four short years he met his every goalHe seized the whole southwest from MexicoMade sure the tariffs fellAnd made the English sell the Oregon

TerritoryHe built an independent treasuryHaving done all this he sought no second

termBut precious few have mourned the passing

ofMister James K. Polk, our eleventh president“Young Hickory,” Napoleon of the Stump!

Election of 1844Election of 1844

• Polk: 49.6% pop vote/ 170 electoral

• Clay: 48.1% pop vote/ 105 electoral

PolkPolk’’s 4 Point Programs 4 Point Program

• Lower tariff

• Restore Treasury (1846)

• Acquire CA

• Settle Oregon dispute

News from War with News from War with MexicoMexico

• Polk negotiated a treaty for ½ of Oregon, 49th parallel• After failing to buy CA, Polk provoked Mexico into attacking US

troops near the Rio Grande• Public support faded

(conscience Whigs, Lincoln’s “spot resolutions”) even though the US won every major battle

• Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo gave Mexico $15 million for CA, NM, and recognition of TX annexation

War, Expansion, and SlaveryThe War with Mexico

• Wilmot Proviso to ban slavery split Democrats

• Free Soil movement opposed the spread of slavery and was endorsed by Frederick Douglas (North Star)

• Whigs and Taylor won 1848 election because Democrats were split and Free Soil party cost them a win in NY

War, Expansion, and SlaveryA Divisive War

War, Expansion, and SlaveryCrisis and Compromise

• Gold Rush caused a crisis as CA sought statehood• Taylor’s death allowed Clay’s Compromise of 1850:

– CA admitted as a free state– popular sovereignty for

the New Mexico, Utah territories

– abolishment of slave trade, not slavery in Wash. DC

– disputed land given to NM, TX paid for it

– new Fugitive Slave Act