Ramky Enviro Engineers Ltd Hyderabad 500 032environmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/FormB/EC/EIA_EMP/... · SHAMUKA BEACH PROJECT SIPASURUBALI, PURI DISTRICT, ODISHA Department

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

for

SHAMUKA BEACH PROJECT

SIPASURUBALI, PURI DISTRICT, ODISHA

Department of Tourism, Government of Odisha

Prepared by: Submitted to:

Ramky Enviro Engineers Ltd

Hyderabad – 500 032

December’2016

for

at Sipasarubali Village, Puri District, Odisha

Paribesh Bhawan, Nilakanthanagar, Bhubaneswar – 751 012

(Consultancy Division) 2nd Floor, Ramky Grandiose, Ramky Towers Complex,

Gachibowli, Hyderabad – 32 NABET Certificate No. NABET/EIA/1316/SA 005

Submitted to

Submitted by

Environmental Consultant

M/s. Ramky Enviro Engineers Ltd

“Proposed Shamuka Beach Area Project”

Department of Tourism Government of OdishaParyatan Bhawan, Museum Campus, Bhubaneswar – 751 014

December’2016

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

STATE LEVEL EXPERT APPRAISAL COMMITTEE, ODISHA

Declaration by Experts contributing to the EIA – “Proposed Shamuka Beach Project at Sipasarubali (V), Puri Sadar (T), Puri (Dist.), Odisha”.

I, hereby, certify that I was a part of the EIA team in the following capacity that developed this EIA report. EIA Coordinator: Name : Mr. V. Vijay Kumar

Sign & Date :

Period of involvement : November, 2014 – Till date Contact information : [email protected]

Functional Area Experts:

S. No

Functional Area

Name of the Expert

Involvement Sign & Date

Period Task

1 AP Mr. V. Vijay Kumar

Nov, 2014 –

Till date

Selecting ambient air monitoring sites based on IMD data, Review of the meteorological data and AAQ data, suggesting air pollution control measures

2 WP Mr. V. Vijay Kumar

Nov, 2014 –

Till date

Identification of water monitoring sites, estimating water requirement, Suggesting Recycling of water, waste water treatment methods & disposal schemes

3 MSW Dr. B. Chakradhar Nov, 2014 –

Till date Inventorization of wastes, suggesting treatment measures

4 SE Dr. Harish Srivatsava

Nov, 2014 –

Till date

Generating primary SE data, livestock inventory and impacts, conducted focused group discussions, taken public opinion on the project. Identified villages wise amenities and needs

5 EB Ms. S. Swathy Jun, 2015 –

Till date

Collected secondary data from forest department, field studies for generation of primary data & suggested species for greenbelt development

mailto:[email protected]

6 HG Mr. B. Mallikarjuna Rao

Nov, 2015 – Till date

Measurement of ground water levels from the existing wells present in and around project site, observation of surface water bodies, establishing groundwater flow direction and its gradient and evaluation of rainfall Identification of natural drainage pattern, Calculating runoff generation during the monsoon period in site & suggesting suitable storm water management plans

7 SC Mr. V. Vijay Kumar


Soil management and conservation in project area

8 AQ Mr. V. Vijay Kumar


Meteorological & Air Pollution dispersion studies, suggesting environmental management plan for air pollution control measures

9 NV Dr. Hemanth Rajkumar


Prediction of noise/vibration isopleths levels using relevant pollution models

10 LU Mr. R. Venkateswarlu

Nov, 2014 – Aug, 2016

Collection of GPS readings for identification of topo sheets and satellite imagery, preparation of base map through SOI 1:50,000 scale topo sheet, preparation of monitoring location maps

Declaration by the Head of the accredited consultant organization/ authorized person:

I, Dr. B. Chakradhar, hereby, confirm that the above mentioned experts prepared the EIA Report for the “Proposed Shamuka Beach Project at Sipasarubali (V), Puri Sadar (T), Puri (Dist.), Odisha”. I also confirm that the consultant organization shall be fully accountable for any misleading information mentioned in this statement. Signature : Name : Dr. B. Chakradhar Designation : Vice President Name of the EIA Consultant Organization : Ramky Enviro Engineers Limited NABET Certificate No. & Issue Date : NABET/EIA/1316/SA 005

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Table of ContentsSl. No. Contents Page Nos.

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.0 Preamble 1.11.1 Purpose of the Report 1.11.2 Project Proponent 1.21.3 Identification of the project 1.21.4 Brief description of nature, size, location and its importance 1.21.5 Significance of project/ Justification of the Project 1.41.6 Need for EMP studies 1.41.7 Objective of the Study 1.51.8 Scope of the Study 1.5

Chapter 2 Project Description

2.0 General 2.12.1 Description of the Project 2.12.2 Site selection 2.1

2.2.1 Potentials and Constraints of Project Area 2.12.3 Size and Magnitude of the Project 2.22.4 Location and Accessibility of the Project 2.4

2.5 Water requirement 2.102.6 Power requirement 2.102.7 Solid waste generation 2.122.8 Roads and infrastructure 2.142.9 Parking 2.15

2.10 Storm water / Rain water Harvesting 2.16

2.11 Man power 2.16

Chapter - 3 Description of the Baseline Environment

3.0 General 3.13.1 Study area/Study Period 3.13.2 Air Environment 3.2

3.2.1 Ambient Air Quality monitoring stations 3.43.2.2 Ambient Air Quality monitoring techniques and frequency 3.53.2.3 Results and discussion 3.53.3 Water Environment 3.6

3.3.1 Ground water 3.63.3.1.1 Ground water availability 3.63.3.1.2 Ground water monitoring 3.63.3.1.3 Water quality 3.7

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3.3.1.4 Results and discussions on Ground water quality 3.73.3.2 Surface water 3.83.3.3 Results and discussions on surface water quality 3.83.4 Ambient Noise levels 3.12

3.4.1 Results and discussions on noise levels 3.123.5 Soil environment 3.13

3.5.1 Methodology of sampling 3.133.5.2 Soil sampling locations 3.133.5.3 Results and discussions on soil quality 3.153.6 Ecology and biodiversity 3.16

3.6.1 Eco sensitive areas 3.163.6.2 Flora and fauna 3,173.6.3 Aquatic ecosystem 3.18

3.6.3.1 Macrophytes and fish fauna 3.183.6.4 Chilika lake 3.183.6.5 Marine environment 3.18

3.6.5.1 Fish fauna in marine environment 3.193.6.5.2 Fisheries 3.19

3.7 Agriculture patterns 3.203.8 Traffic study 3.203.9 Socio-economic environment 3.22

3.9.2 Methodology adopted for the study 3.223.9.2.1 Distribution of population 3.223.9.2.2 Average household size 3.223.9.2.3 Population density 3.223.9.2.4 Sex ratio 3.233.9.2.5 Social structure 3.233.9.2.6 Literacy levels 3.233.9.2.7 Occupational structure 3.243.9.2.8 Dependency ratio 3.243.9.2.9 Infrastructure and accessibility 3.243.9.3 Suggestions for improvement of socio-economic status 3.25

Chapter - 4 Anticipated Environment Impact & Mitigation Measures4.0 Introduction 4.14.1 Impacts during construction phase 4.1

4.1.1 Mitigation measures 4.24.2 Impacts during operation phase 4.3

4.2.1 Emission details 4.34.2.2 Simulation model for prediction - AERMOD 4.3

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4.2.3 Model inputs and results 4.44.3 Water quality impact assessment 4.7

4.3.1 Potential impacts from operation phase 4.74.4 Impacts on noise levels 4.7

4.4.1 Noise mitigation measures 4.84.4.2 Impact due to vibration 4.84.4.3 Vibration mitigation measures 4.84.5 Land environment 4.8

4.5.1 Impacts due to land acquisition 4.84.5.1.1 Impacts due to changes in land use pattern 4.94.5.1.2 Land use mitigation measures 4.10

4.6 Impacts on local infrastructure 4.114.6.1 Local infrastructure mitigation measures 4.114.7 Solid waste 4.12

4.7.1 Impacts due to solid waste generation 4.124.8 Solid waste mitigation measures 4.124.9 Soil pollution and soil erosion 4.14

4.9.1 Indiscriminate use of fertilizers 4.154.9.2 Indiscriminate use of pesticides, insecticides and herbicides 4.164.9.3 Dumping of solid wastes 4.164.9.4 Deforestation and soil erosion 4.164.9.5 Soil pollution mitigation measures 4.17

Chapter-5 Analysis Of Alternatives

5.0 Introduction 5.15.1 Design concept 5.15.2 Building Material 5.25.3 Energy Conservation 5.2

Chapter-6 Environmental & Monitoring Program

6.0 Introduction 6.16.1 Operation phase 6.36.2 Environmental monitoring facilities 6.46.3 Compliance reporting schedules of the monitoring data 6.46.4 On-site mock drills requirements 6.56.5 Budgetary provision for EMP 6.5

Chapter-7 Additional Studies

7.0 Introduction 7.17.1 Risk Assessment 7.1

7.1.1 Major hazards 7.1

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7.2 Disaster Management Plan(DMP) 7.17.2.1 Hazards Control Measures 7.2

7.2.1.1 Fires 7.27.2.1.2 Natural Disasters 7.37.2.1.3 LPG Gas Leak Prevention and precautions during leakage 7.47.2.1.4 Electrical Accidents 7.77.2.1.5 Prevention of Electrical Accidents 7.77.2.1.6 First Aid and Emergency Procedures 7.9

7.3 Report on Hydrogeological and geophysical investigations 7.117.3.1 Background 7.127.3.2 Study area 7.127.3.3 Location and Extent of the Project 7.12

7.3.4 Climate 7.13

7.3.5 Surface drainage 7.13

7.3.6 Site topography 7.14

7.3.7 Geology and geomorphology 7.15

7.3.8 Geophysical investigations 7.17

7.3.8.1 ERT Methodology 7.17

7.3.8.2 DC Resistivity data 7.18

7.3.8.3 Results of resistivity data 7.19

7.3.9 Surface soil filtration test 7.20

7.3.9.1 Plan of work 7.20

7.3.9.2 Theory 7.20

7.3.9.3 Methodology 7.21

7.3.9.4 Results 7.22

7.3.10 Hydrogeology and depth of aquifer 7.28

7.3.11 Hydrogeological conditions within the project site 7.32

7.3.12 Water conservation and artificial recharge 7.33

7.3.13 Conclusion 7.33

Chapter-8 Project Benefits

8.0 General 8.18.1 Major tourist spots 8.18.2 Project benefits 8.1

8.2.1 Flourishing of tourism industry 8.18.2.2 Excavation of tax collection of government 8.18.2.3 Rising of small industries depending on tourism 8.28.2.4 Increase of income of local people 8.2

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8.2.5 Infrastructural growth 8.28.2.6 Poverty alleviation and proliferation of health and education 8.2

Chapter-9 Environmental Management Plan

9.0 General 9.19.1 Greenbelt development 9.1

9.1.1 Objectives of greenbelt 9.29.1.2 Greenbelt development plan 9.29.1.3 Management plan for greenbelt development 9.29.1.4 Greenbelt development and afforestation 9.39.1.5 Choice of species 9.49.1.6 Species for plantation 9.49.2 Rain water harvesting 9.69.3 Solar power harnessing 9.89.4 Occupational health and safety 9.9

9.4.1 Safety 9.99.4.2 Safety training 9.99.5 Environmental Management cell 9.99.6 Soil conservation 9.11

9.6.1 Reduce use of fertilizer and pesticides 9.119.6.2 Reusing of materials 9.119.6.3 Recycling and recovery of materials 9.119.6.4 Reforestation 9.11

Chapter-10 Summary and Conclusion

10.0 Summary 10.110.1 Conclusion 10.3

Chapter-11 Disclosure of the Consultant

11.1 About the Group 11.111.2 About the Accredited Consultant Organization 11.1

11.2.1 Consultancy Services 11.111.2.2 Laboratory Services 11.211.2.3 Training Services 11.211.2.4 Field Services 11.311.2.5 Treatment Plant Services 11.311.2.6 Solid Waste Management Services 11.311.3 Declaration by Accredited Consultant Organization 11.3

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Sl. No. List of Tables Page Nos.

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Project details 1.21.2 Site features 1.31.3 Project Activity 1.4


2.1 The type of Land and land use pattern 2.22.2 Land use pattern 2.22.3 Land use details 2.32.4 Breakup of water requirement 2.102.5 Power and DG set details 2.122.6 Quantity of non-hazardous waste generation 2.142.7 Quantity of hazardous waste generation 2.142.8 Parking details 2.162.9 Manpower requirement 2.16


3.1 Climatological Summary – Puri region 3.23.2 Winter season frequency distribution 3.33.3 Baseline study (Air, Water, Soil & Noise) monitoring locations 3.43.4 AAQ monitoring results 3.53.5 Ground Water sampling locations 3.73.6 Surface water locations 3.83.7 Ground water analysis results 3.103.8 Surface water analysis results 3.113.9 Noise monitoring locations 3.12

3.10 Noise levels in the study area 3.123.11 Soil sampling locations 3.143.12 Soil analysis results 3.143.13 Rating chart of the soil test 3.153.14 Flora observed in the study area 3.173.15 Faunal species observation 3.173.16 List of fresh water fish fauna 3.183.17 List of marine water fish fauna in the study area 3.193.18 Details of traffic monitoring locations 3.203.19 Traffic study near proposed site on NH 203A 3.213.20 Existing traffic scenario 3.213.2.1 Traffic standards 3.213.22 Distribution of population in core and buffer zone 3.22

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3.23 Distribution of population 3.233.24 Distribution of literate and literacy 3.233.25 Occupational structure 3.24

Chapter - 4 Anticipated Environment Impact & Mitigation Measures4.1 Details of DG set and Stack Height 4.34.2 24 hrs. mean meteorological data for winter season 4.44.3 Post project scenario 4.54.4 Air pollution control measures 4.54.5 Details of wastewater generation 4.74.6 Domestic sewage characteristics 4.74.7 Existing land use 4.94.8 LULC classification 4.104.9 Quantity of solid waste generation 4.13

4.10 Details of the organic converter 4.134.11 Details of the organic converter 4.144.12 Types of soil pollution 4.14

Chapter-5 Analysis Of Alternatives

5.1 Alternate comparative statement 5.2

Chapter-6 Environmental & Monitoring Program

6.1 Environmental Monitoring During Project Construction Stage 6.26.2 Environmental Monitoring During Operational Phase 6.36.3 Environmental management cell 6.46.4 Cost towards Environmental mitigation measures 6.6


7.1 First Aid for Burns 7.97.2 Details of the well inventoried within the study area 7.32

Chapter-9 Environmental Management Plan

9.1 Details of the parks and greenbelt areas 9.39.2 List of plants identified for greenbelt and avenue plantation 9.59.3 Occupational health hazard 9.9

Chapter-10 Summary and Conclusion

10.1 Project activities 10.2

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Sl. No. List of Figures Page Nos.


2.1 Location map of the proposed project 2.52.2 10Km radius topo map of the study area 2.62.3 Proposed land use map 2.72.4 Contour map 2.82.5 Conceptual plan for proposed project 2.92.6 Bore well locations 2.112.7 Solid waste management flow chart 2.132.8 Internal Road network systems 2.15


3.1 Wind rose –Winter season (December’2014 – Ferbrary’2015) 3.33.2 Baseline study (Air, Water, Soil & Noise) monitoring locations 3.43.3 Surface water locations 3.93.4 Traffic study location 3.20

Chapter - 4 Anticipated Environment Impact & Mitigation Measures4.1 Predicted Ground Level Concentration (GLC) of SO2 4.64.2 Predicted Ground Level Concentration (GLC) of NOx 4.64.3 LULC 10 km buffer map 4.94.4 Representation of different land use classification in percentage 4.104.5 Solid waste Management 4.13


7.1 Confluence of Mangala River with Bay of Bengal 7.137.2 Project site area showing flat terrain with low gradient 7.147.3 Topographical map of the study area (10 Km buffer) 7.157.4 Geological map within 10km Radius of the Study Area 7.167.5 Geo-morphological Map within 10km Radius of the Study Area 7.167.6 Location map of ERT and IFT 7.177.7 Schlumberger conflagration 7.187.8 DC resistivity meter 7.197.9 Surface soil infiltration test 7.207.10 Soil infiltration graph 7.217.11 GPS surveying within the study area 7.297.12 Collection of well inventory data 7.297.13 Post & pre-monsoon GW level contours 7.307.14 Pot & pre-monsoon GW level contours 7.31

Chapter-8 Project Benefits

8.1 Important tourist destinations in Odisha 8.3Chapter-9 Environmental Management Plan

9.1 Flow chart of rain water harvesting 9.79.2 Rain water harvesting at individual building level 9.79.3 Organizational setup for environmental management cell 9.10

Proposed Shamuka Beach Project, Sipasarubali Village, Puri District, Odisha

Ramky Enviro Engineers Ltd., Hyderabad 1.1

1.0 Preamble Odisha is one of the state of India in eastern coast, which has 485 Km of coast line along the Bay of Bengal on its east, from Balasore to Malkangiri. The modern state of Orissa was established on 1st April 1936, as a province in British India. The name of the state was changed from Orissa to Odisha, and the name of its language from Oriya to Odia, in 2011. The State of Odisha is an attractive treasure house of cultures and customs, religions and traditions, languages and literature, art and architecture, scenic beauty and wildlife. Endowed with rich cultural heritage and bestowed with bounties of nature, Odisha is a fascinating state with majestic monuments, beautiful beaches, luxuriant forests, wildlife, handicrafts etc. In its long history spanning over several centuries, the region of modern Odisha is today one of the most popular with tourists visiting and within India has emerged as a popular and enchanting tourist destination. Puri is the most important destination of tourist activities in the State of Odisha. Lord Jagannath Temple and Rath Yatra festival draw almost more than 35% of the tourists visiting the state. Golden triangle of Bhubaneswar - Konark - Puri attracts 80% of the tourists visiting the state. Tourists currently visiting consist mainly of domestic pilgrims. A strong religious tourism base exists here, and has restricted the growth of other tourism related activities. Twin objectives of providing new tourism products and unlocking the destination would offer the tourists an opportunity to feel and experience the rich culture, indigenous art & craft, customs and traditions of Odisha, the Government of Odisha has decided to develop the Shamuka Beach Area near Puri. It is envisaged to tap the requirements following huge corporate and industrial investments planned within the state. Thus Shamuka Beach Area, 8 Km to the South of Puri Town has been identified for the purpose. 1.1 Purpose of the Report Odisha Tourism Development Corporation (OTDC) Limited, Department of Tourism & Culture (Tourism) Government of Odisha is proposing a Shamuka Beach Project near Sipasarubali Village, Puri District of Odisha. As per EIA notification S.O.1533, dated: 14th September’2006 and its subsequent amendments the project is falling under Project/activity 8 (b) Townships and Area Development Project, Category – B (Land Area >/= 50 Ha and or Built up area >/= 1,50,000 m2) and requires Environmental Clearance (EC) from SEAC/SEIAA, Odisha. To obtain the same Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is prepared.

Chapter – 1 Introduction

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Table 1.1 Project details S.No Particulars Details Remarks

1 Land Area 372.32 Ha (920.04 Acres) Shamuka Beach Area Development project of Department of Tourism, Government of Odisha

2 Built-up Area 916046 m2

3 Project Cost Onsite Infrastructure Rs. 141.64 Crores Offsite Infrastructure Rs. 25.00 Crores Total Cost: Rs. 166.64 Crores

EIA is aimed at mitigating the possible adverse impacts of the project and for ensuring to maintain the environmental quality. The EIA covers all aspects of planning construction and operation of project, which are relevant to the environment. It is essential to implement the EIA/EMP right from the planning stage and then continuing throughout the construction and operation stage. The impacts due to construction and development works will be minimized by adequate planning.

1.2 Project Proponent The state government with the objective of establishment and promotion of tourism shall develop a land and property bank at key tourist locations throughout the state. Various parcels of land suitable for development of Tourism Projects and currently being held by various government agencies will be consolidated and leased / transferred / alienated in favor of Department of Tourism (DoT) for the development of tourism infrastructure.

India is fast emerging as an important tourism destination in the World. The ‘Incredible India Campaign’ has attracted worldwide attention. Odisha, despite a strong cultural and religious heritage, varied natural attractions currently plays a comparatively small role in the World Tourism scene, although it has immense potential for tourism growth.

The development of tourism is generally measured in terms of tourist arrival to the State. In last five years the tourist arrival to the State is showing an increasing trend which is a result of aggressive publicity campaign undertaken by the State Tourism Department.

1.3 Identification of Project The location of the site, at the confluence of river Mangala (Sunamuhin) and Bay of Bengal are generally associated with certain constraints pertaining to infrastructure provisions and demands special attention. Wedged between West Bengal and Andhra Pradesh, Odisha lies on the eastern coast of India with the waters of the Bay of Bengal swirling along its eastern and southeastern boundaries. With an area of about 1,55,707 square kilometers, the state offers diverse habitats from lush green and hilly terrain to coastal plains and rolling river valleys, crisscrossed by Brahmani, Mahanadi and Bansadhara rivers. Beckoned by its long history spanning over several centuries, the region of modern Odisha has emerged as an enchanting tourist destination.

1.4 Brief description of nature, size, location of the project & its importance to the country, region It was envisioned that the project to be self-contained, high-end, exclusive leisure cum business destination aimed at providing a one-stop rejuvenation facility for the mind and body. The Overall theme / concept – luxury with a distinct Odian culture flavor. In order to create steady but sustainable growth, it is proposed to develop Shamuka in three distinct phases as under:



Phase I will include convention center, hotels, based on various national as well as international standards, a broad activity structure for Shamuka was developed. The identified activities were further shaped up after a series of discussion with the GoO – DoT officials and feedbacks from the probable investors. Heritage town with main street, golf course, water sports etc. Phase II will include Health & wellness tourism focus and Phase III with High end villas & second homes.

Rich natural resources offering visual feast and picturesque vistas along with cultural heritage of one of the oldest civilization make Odisha a potential tourist destination. The destination would be ideal for relaxation in the lap of luxury and to experience the beautiful bio-diversity, rich culture and traditions – the essence of Odisha. The possible sets of tourism products for development at Shamuka Beach includes 5/4 star Hotels, Resorts, Spa, Convention Centre, Golf Course, Exhibition Complex, Eco parks etc.

Table 1.2 Site Features Particulars Details

Latitude & Longitude 1. 190 47’ 53.20” N, 850 46’ 43.00” E 2. 190 47’ 30.41” N, 850 45’ 30.03” E 3. 190 46’ 47.38” N, 850 45’ 33.96” E 4. 190 47’ 08.65” N, 850 46’ 08.52” E

Centre: 190 47’ 08.65” N, 850 46’ 08.52” E

Mean Elevation of the Site 37 m

Climatic Condition 1. Temperature–Annual Max. Temp. is 370 C, Annual Min. Temp. is 140 C 2. Rainfall – Avg. Rainfall is 1580 mm; R. Humidity-Rainy Season-84%, Winter Season – 72%, Summer Season – 76% 3. Wind Pattern – Pre-dominant wind pattern varies from June to October

is from South-West direction bringing monsoon rains. The rest of the period experience a wind pattern, which is either from N and NE or S and SE direction.

Existing land Seashore open land

Nearest Highway NH 203, 3.0 Km – N

Nearest Railway Station Puri, 8.0 Km – NNE

Nearest Airport Bhubaneswar, 60 Km – NNE

Nearest Habitation Bhagavatpatna 1.0 Km –NE

Nearest City /Town Puri, 8.0 Km NE

Nearest Water body Mangala River, 0.1 Km – NE; Chilka lake 25.0 Km - W

Reserve Forest Balukhad – Konark RF- 26.4 Km – NNE Balighai Protected Forest – 30.0 Km - NEE

Ecologically sensitive areas Nalaban Sanctuary, 54.6 Km – SWW; Chandaka – Dampara Sanctuary, 64.8 Km NNW; Nandan Kanan Sanctuary, 69.4 Km – N

Historical places/Monuments Monuments such as Puri Jagannath Temple 8.0 Km – NEE Chandi Temple, 8.5 Km – SWW; Ram Chandi Temple, 32.0 Km – NEE

Port Baliharchandi, 40.0 Km from Puri

Industries within 10Km No major industries



1.5 Significance/Justification of the project The Shamuka Beach site is proposed on the sea to the South of Puri, between Puri town and Chilka Lake alongside the Bay of Bengal. The Mangala River which separates Puri town from Shamuka Beach adjoins one side of the project site. The selected location is a site of unmatched natural beauty with around 2000 meters long sea frontage and about 2000 meters of River font on its adjacent side. These two strips offer tremendous potential for development of tourism-related projects including luxury hotels and resorts.

In order to create steady but sustainable growth, it is proposed to develop Shamuka Beach Area with activities proposed in Table 1.3.

Table 1.3 Project Activities Activities No of Units Golf Course (27 Hole Fairways) 1

Convention Centre (With Hospitality, Exhibition Spaces, Trade Fairs, Amphitheater’s, etc.)

1

Performing Arts Centre (Amphitheatre, Gurukul, Indoor Class, Halls Library, etc.) 1

Art & Craft Museum 1

Luxury Hotels 13

Golf Villas 200

Residential Apartments (2 BHK & 3 BHK walkups, G+2) 300

High Street Bazar 1

Hospitality Institute 1

Condominiums & Villas 450

1.6 Need for EIA Studies As per MoEF&CC Notification No. S.O.1533 dated 14th September 2006 all the Township and Area Development projects require Environmental Clearance and categorized as Project /Activity 8 (b) and category as “B”. These development projects must co-exist satisfactorily with its surrounding environment so as to reduce the environmental impact caused due to this activity. To control the adverse impacts, sound and safe environmental management plan has to be implemented by the proponents, which makes environmental protection as essential requirement along with profits. In order to assess the likely impacts arising out of the proposed project on the surrounding environment and evaluating means of alleviating the likely negative impacts, if any, from the proposed project, OTDC has retained M/s. Ramky Enviro Engineers Ltd (Consultancy Division), Hyderabad as their environmental consultant in order to assess the likely impacts arising out of the proposed project.



1.7 Objective of the Study The primary objective of the EIA studies is to internalize and integrate the environmental concerns/ aspects, and mitigation measures into the parameters of the proposed development project. To achieve the above objectives the following strategy is recommended.

EIA to be prepared with base line data collection and making use of preliminary design specifications/ data of the proposed project.

The findings and recommendations of the study are to be incorporated into the project planning, design, occupation of the project.

The EIA preparation as per the standard TOR issued by the MOEF&CC, GOI available in their website under 8 (b) Townships and Area Development Projects.

1.8 Scope of the study The scope of study includes detailed baseline data generation and characterization of existing status of environment in an area of 10 km radius with the proposed project as its centre for various valued environmental components and other parameters of interest. The envisaged scope of EIA/EMP is as follows:

To assess the present status of air, noise, water, land, biological and socioeconomic components of environment.

Identification and quantification of significant impacts of proposed operations on various components of environment.

Evaluation of proposed pollution control facilities. Delineation of the post-project environmental quality monitoring program to be followed. Any developmental activity in general is expected to cause some impacts on surrounding environment at the site during its construction and operation phases, which can be both positive and negative. The nature and intensity of impacts on different components of environment depend on the type of project activities and geographical conditions of the study area. The impacts of the project activities on environmental components can be quantified through EIA/EMP Studies within the impact zone of the project activities. The results of EIA/EMP Studies form the basis for the preparation of a viable EMP for mitigation of the adverse impacts.



Chapter – 2 Project Description

2.0 General Government of Odisha through Odisha Tourism Development Corporation (OTDC) has decided to develop Shamuka Beach near Puri as a self-contained, high end, exclusive luxury tourism destination aimed at providing a one stop rejuvenation facility for the mind, body and Soul. In this connection, OTDC proposes to establish Shamuka Beach Project at Sipasarubali (V), Puri Sadar (T), Puri (Dist.), Odisha.

2.1 Description of the Project OTDC set an objective of providing possible set of tourism products include 5/4 star Hotels, Resorts, Spa, Convention Centre, Golf Course, Exhibition Complex, ECO parks etc. for development at Shamuka Beach and unlocking the immense tourism potential of the state and the site.

2.2 Site Selection The area selected for development of Shamuka beach area is a beautiful site with long sea frontage and riverfront on its adjacent side. These two sides has tremendous potential for water front development, five star hotels with private beaches, villas etc. These areas will serve well for various kinds of water sports and adventure sports and recreational activities. The forest within the site can be utilized for eco-tourism and camping sites. This will help in conserving the natural resource and will be an added attraction for the tourists. The areas that are away from the sea as well as the river can be used for more passive activities like golf course, convention centre, sports complex, fitness centre etc. that may not be affected by the surroundings. The existing within the site could be conserved and developed as a site for rural tourism. Thus the site has immense prospects to develop as a high class tourist destination. 2.2.1 Potentials and Constraints of Project Area The Potentials of the project area are as follows

- The site has a very large area hence large scale tourism products could be proposed here

- The potentials of the site is greatly increased due to the long stretch of water front in the form of beach and river front that are available on two adjacent sides of the site.

- The flat terrain of the site poses the least constraints for development.

- Puri or the golden triangle will act as a feeder for this new tourist destination The Constraints of the project area are as follows:

- A large chunk of usable area within the site is under dense plantation

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M/s. Ramky Enviro Engineers Ltd., Hyderabad 2.2

- Majority of area falls under the no development zone along the sea as well as river due to CRZ regulations.

- The beach being at a higher level than the site causes a drainage problem within the site.

- There is no direct access to the site. The main road is 3km away.

- Absence of water supply, sewerage and drainage network in and around the site.

2.3 Size and Magnitude of the Project The type of land and land use patter are given in Table 2.1 and Table 2.2 whereas further details of the land use are given in Table 2.3.

Table 2.1 The type of Land

Details Land in Acres % of site area CRZ (within 200 mts of HTL 100.48 10.92 CRZ (from 200 mts to 500 mts from HTL 143.38 15.58 Development without any condition 676.18 73.50

Total Site Area 920.04 100 Source: Master Plan

Table 2.2 Land use Patter Details

Land Use Pattern Area in (Acres) Area in (Ha) Institutional 80.07 32.40 Commercial 103.35 41.82 Residential 100.83 40.80 Utility & Services 12.38 5.01 Open space & Recreational 198.56 80.35 Mix land use 128.13 51.85 Golf Course 221.08 89.47 Roads 75.65 30.60

Total 920.04 372.32

Source: Master Plan



Table 2.3 Detailed Land use S. No Activity Area in Acres

1 Hotel-1 40.35 2 Hotel-2 20.73 3 Hotel-3 20.02 4 Hotel-4 20.63 5 Hotel-5 23.9 6 Hotel-6 23.14 7 Hotel-7 23.67 8 Hotel-8 21.04 9 Hotel-9 13.13 10 Hotel-10 5.88 11 Hotel-11 5.52 12 Hotel-12 5.66 13 Hotel-13 6.08 14 Hospitality institute 17.88 15 Convention center 24.23 16 Social infra housing 15.91 17 Gurukul 28.03 18 Street bazar 1.97 19 Art and craft museum 9.94

20 Condominium & Villas 33.15 21 Public park (helipad) 14.38 22 Public park (Road Junction at sea side) 4.57 23 Public park (Road Junction at entry) 1.53 24 Green buffer around golf course 32.33 25 Golf course 271.99 26 Utility plot area 3.62 27 Green area 20.8 28 CRZ 0-200m 100.47 29 CRZ 200 - 500 m 8.05 30 River buffer 32.02 31 Road 69.42 Total 920.04

Source: Master Plan



2.4 Location and Accessibility of the Project The Shamuka Beach site is located on the banks of sea to the south of Puri, between Puri town and Chilika Lake alongside the Bay of Bengal. The Mangla River which separates Puri town from Shamuka Beach flows on one side of the proposed site. It assumes the form of a bare belt of sandy ridges, which stretches along the seashore for almost four kilometer. The proximity to the pleasant sea and prominent Jagannath temple and proportionate distribution of natural and spiritual amenities in the nearby pioneer religious place enhance the potential & make it a popular tourist destination in future. The distance to Shamuka Beach from Puri is 8 Kms and from Bhubaneswar is 60 Kms. Site can be accessed through Puri-Brahamgiri road which is approximately 3 Kms away. Odisha Industrial Infrastructure Development Corporation (IDCO) is constructing a proper two lane road from the Puri-Brahamgiri road to the site. The location map of the project site is given in Figure 2.1. The 10 Km radius topographical map of the study area is given as Figure 2.2; the proposed land use area map is given as Figure 2.3. Contour survey has been carried out for Shamuka Beach Area and contour map of the area was prepared with an interval of 0.5m and Contour map is given as Figure 2.4. The site is almost flat with 0.25% gradient. The slope is towards north with the beach being at a higher level. Apart from this huge chunk of dense plantation, there are smaller group of trees scattered all over the site. Based on the above mentioned survey the Conceptual plan for the proposed project is prepared and given as Figure 2.5.



Figure 2.1 Location map of the Proposed Site



Figure 2.2. 10 Km radius Topo map of the Study area



Figure 2.3 Proposed Land use Map



Figure 2.4 Contour map



Figure 2.5 Conceptual Plan for Proposed project



i. Water demand for hotels, commercial, convection centre, villas, art center, etc. ii. Greenbelt and land scape development

During construction stage the water required will be meeting from the existing bore wells or private tankers. During the operational stage of the project, it was estimated that around 14 MLD of water will be required initially and the source of water will be through the bore wells proposed within the project site, nearby surface waters or Public Health Division (PHD), Puri or municipal supply. Once the STP operation is stabilized the water treated will be used for flushing, greenbelt and land scape development, hence the total water demand will reduce by around 50% of initial requirement. The details of the water requirement are given in Table 2.4 and map showing locations of bore wells is given as Figure 2.6.

Table 2.4 Breakup of water requirement S. No Activities In MLD Remarks

1 Condominiums & Villas 0.27 Bore wells proposed within the project site, nearby surface waters or Public Health Division (PHD), Puri or municipal supply

2 Hotels 3.45 3 Convention center 0.06 4 High Street bazar 0.06 5 Art & Craft Museum 0.06 6 Social Housing 0.18 7 Gurukul 0.03 8 Hospitality Institute 0.02 9 Golf Course 5.80

10 Golf Villas 0.12

Subtotal – I 10.05 11 Land scaping (15% of Total) 1.51

Subtotal – II 11.56 12 Maintenance & Losses (15% of Total) 1.73

Subtotal – III 13.30 13 Fire Fighting (1% of Total) 0.13

Grand Total 13.43 Say 14.00 MLD

Note : 1) Water assumed @ 150 lpcd for villas (4 persons per villa, 650 villas, 2600 persons) 2) Hotels 10 nos @ 200 rooms, 3 nos @ 100 rooms water per room 1500 lpd 3) convention centre, high street bazar, etc @ 60 lpcd for 5100 persons

2.5 Water Requirement

The main water requirement for Shamuka Beach Project can be classified into two main categories.



Figure 2.6 Bore well Locations



Table 2.5 Power and DG set Details Details *DG Sets

Capacity 2500 kVA 2000 kVA 625 kVA Type of fuel Diesel Height of the stack (m) 30 30 10 Internal Dia. of the stack (m) 0.5 0.4 0.2 Temp of flue gas (°C) 492 508 510 Velocity of flue gas (m/s) 25 22 14 Flue gas Flow rate (m3/s) 4.91 2.77 0.44 Fuel Consumption (l/hr) 583 403 127 SO2 Emissions (g/s) 0.11 0.08 0.025

NOx Emissions (g/s) 6.56 3.7 0.55 *No. of DG Sets 2500 kVA – 11 No’s, 2000 kVA – 1 No. and 625 kVA – 1 No.

DG Set Emissions are calculated as per the following:

Sulphur content 350 mg/kg As per BS-3 HSD Standards

NOx limit 4 g/kWh (≤800 kW) as per Gazette of India - G.S.R .771(E) Environmental (Protection) 3rd Amended Rules dated 11th December 2013.

NOx limit 710 ppm (>800 kW) as per as per Gazette of India - G.S.R. 489(E) Environmental (Protection) 3rd Amended Rules dated 9th July 2002

2.7 Solid waste generation The solid waste management of any area revolves around the quantity and quality of solid wastes. The proposed Shamuka Beach Project, type of waste generated will be mainly from domestic, commercial, hotels and green waste from land scaping gardens and golf course.

Solid waste generated from all activities will be collected by bulk storage and collection method. Each individual hotels and other proposed activity will be informed about collection time and will be collected from each activity at their door step. Collected solid waste will be dumped and disposed in consultation with government officials at land fill sites. The details of hazardous and non-hazardous solid waste generated are given in Table 2.6 and 2.7 respectively. The solid waste management process flow diagram is given as Figure 2.7.

2.6 Power Requirement

A 132 kV power line will be used for supply of power to the project area. The power will be received by a substation at north-east of the project. The total power required for the project will be around 45 MW. To meet the emergency requirements during power failure 13 no’s DG sets and capacity of 11 x 2500 kVA, 1 x 2000 kVA and 1 x 625 kVA will be kept as stand by requirement. The details of the power required DG sets proposed are given in Table 2.5.



Figure 2.7 Solid wastes Management Flow chart



Table 2.6 Details of Non-Hazardous Waste Particulars Units Quantity Remarks

Hotels, Institutions, Commercial Center and Residential Houses

TPD 8.45 Collection, sorting and processing under Public and Private partnership and disposed as per the statutory norms

STP dried sludge TPD 0.14 Used as Manure for plants

Total 8.60

Note:

Recyclable wastes like Paper, cartons, plastics, scrap materials etc. will be sold for further reuse and recycle

1000 g/person/day in hotels, 2 persons per room and 500 g/person/day in villas, convention centre, etc.

Table 2.7 Details of the Hazardous Waste

Category of waste Type of waste Quantity Method of Collection and disposal

Batteries (M&H) Rules’2016 Lead acid batteries

15 No/year Returned to supplier as buy back policy

Used oil Category 5.1 of schedule – 1

Used oil 0.5 KL/year TSDF or any authorized dealer

Biomedical waste Rule’2016 Biomedical Waste

10 Kg/day Biomedical Waste Treatment Facility

2.8 Roads and Infrastructure Roads for transportation are a basic infrastructure, which is usually a pre-requisite for day to day travel. The roads would be wide enough to meet emergency requirements for movement of fire engines, ambulance etc. the proposed road hierarchy consists of 30m, 24m, 18m, 12m and 6m wide roads. The proposed road network would facilitate effective movement of internal traffic within Shamuka Beach Area. All the roads will be from the main entrance road to central ring road to internal road.

All the roads are made of cement concrete roads with paved foot path, well featured with proper main traffic stream lane well guided informatory signage’s, street lights, etc.

A. Ring Road – 30m wide The 30m wide ring road has been proposed in master plan. It connects all the internal road of Shamuka Beach area. It circulates the traffic in both direction and connects all zoning activity. B. Internal Road – 24m, 18m & 12m wide The internal roads of 24m, 18m and 12m wide have been proposed. Internal road will serve access to each property.

C. Jogging track and walk through path A jogging track from one end of the site area and running right across the sea front and river front is proposed for joggers.



The road width and carriage ways are designed to accommodate the design traffic volume assessed through demand assessment. This is restricted by right of way provided in the development plan. Design traffic is arrived at from traffic surveys and socioeconomic profile of area under the zone of influence of the road.

Figure 2.8 Road network systems

2.9 Parking Single storey covered parking is permitted in plot area and within the side setbacks. Up to 30% of the total parking provided on the ground can be covered with four sides or two sides sloping roof. The maximum size of one unit shall be 15m x 30m. One parking unit will accommodate maximum 20 cars. Basement is permitted outside the zone of CRZ, 50% within the total ground coverage. Basement construction within the building line for the purpose of storage, services and staff parking only. The parking for each building comes within the plot area and the parking space for commercial and other facilities as per regulatory norms given in Table 2.8.



Table 2.8 Parking details Activity Parking Hotel 1 car space per bedroom, plus restaurant, function room, conference and bar at

1 car space per 5 m2 GFA. Resident staff at 1space per 3 staff on duty

Convention centre with supporting hotel

2 car space per 3 seat

Condominiums & Villas 2 beds – 1 car space 3 beds – 2 car space

Gurukul 1 car space /20 sqm GFA

Shopping mall 1 car space /20 sqm GFA

Arts & Museum 1 car space /30 sqm GFA + 1 car space/3staff

Social infrastructure 1 two wheeler space per 1du

Hospitality institute 1 car space per teaching staff; 1 space per 2 ancillary staff, 1 space per 4 students, One third of total staff provision for visitors

Golf course-club house 1 car space/3 staff; 4 spaces/hole for player, bar and restaurant to be assessed separately 11/2 spaces/bay for a golf driving range

Golf villas 2 beds – 1 car space; 3 beds – 2 car space

Note: GFA – Gross Floor area

2.10 Storm water / Rain water Harvesting The rain water from roof areas will be properly utilized by adopting appropriate rain water harvesting mechanism. Rainwater harvesting is done by the construction of harvesting pits within individual houses and in common areas along the storm water drainage network. Artificial recharge measures like rain water harvesting helps in reducing the urban run-off, decrease pollution of ground water and improve the ground water table, which augments the yields of bore wells. All along the road network of the proposed development, storm water drains would be provided to collect water during rains. They would adequately be sized to prevent over flooding of the site. The storm water drains will be acting as recharge trench as the bottom will not be lined and excess water will be diverted into the common storm water /natural drains to nearby tanks.

1 Construction 500 Labours for construction, Drivers, security, transport 2 Operational 2500 Employees, maintenance staff, electrician, carpenter,

plumber, horticulturists, cooks, etc.

2.11 Man power

During construction stage skilled, unskilled and professional work force will be required. This workforce will be hired locally in order to generate employment to the local people. During operational stage, man power will be required for the purpose of day to day maintenance and activities.

Table 2.9 Manpower requirement

S.No. Activity Phase Employers Remarks



Description of the Environment

3.0 General

The baseline/existing environmental conditions in the study area are established based on field surveys, investigations and review of secondary data collected from various Government and Other agencies. The baseline environmental studies have been conducted for one season for Terrestrial and Marine environmental components.

3.1 Study area /Study period

The study area consists of the project area (core area) and 10 km radius of the proposed project area. The baseline data generation has been carried out during the winter season (December’2014 to February’2015).

In order to identify the baseline quality of the study area Air, Water, Noise and Soil samples were collected from different locations around the project area. Air and noise sampling locations were identified covering down wind, upwind, cross wind, nearby villages, etc. Whereas water and soil were collected in upstream and downstream of the project area.

3.2 Air Environment The prime objective of the baseline Air quality study was to assess the existing Ambient Air quality of the area. The baseline status of the ambient air quality has been assessed through a scientifically designed Ambient Air quality network. The design of monitoring network in the Air quality surveillance programme has been based on the following considerations.

- Meteorological parameters on synoptic scale

- Topography of the study area

- Representatives of regional background air quality for obtaining baseline status

- Representatives of likely impact areas

The nearest Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) station located to project site is Puri. The Climatological data for Puri, published by the IMD, based on daily observations at 08:30 and 17:30 hour IST for a 30 year period, is presented in the following sections on the meteorological conditions of the region. The monthly variations of the relevant meteorological parameters as per IMD data are reproduced in Table 3.1. The frequency distribution for winter season monitored data is given in Table 3.2 and wind rose

diagram of the study period is given in Figure 3.1.

Chapter 3

naveenkumar.b

Line



Table 3.1 Climatological Summary – Puri Region (1971-2000)

IMD Station Puri - Lat:19 15 51.7 & Lon: 84 51 46.6, MSL 34m, Distance from proposed site 3.5 Km S.

Month Temperature °C Humidity % Rainfall

Mean Wind speed (m/s)

Pre-dominant wind direction

Mean Highest Lowest 8.30 hrs 17.30 hrs Monthly mm No of days

Max Min Jan 27.4 17.6 33.4 10.6 76 72 12.7 0.7 2.4 N Feb 28.9 21.0 35.8 12.2 78 77 19.7 1.6 3.1 SW Mar 30.9 24.5 40.0 12.1 80 82 16.6 1.0 3.9 SW Apr 31.5 26.1 41.1 17.4 84 85 21.4 1.3 5.0 SW May 32.5 27.1 42.2 16.7 84 85 55.2 3.2 4.8 SW Jun 32.5 27.1 44.2 19.4 84 84 179.2 8.0 4.4 SW Jul 31.4 26.6 37.6 19.4 86 86 254.6 11.4 4.2 SW

Aug 31.6 26.4 36.8 20.9 86 85 350.3 13.6 3.6 SW Sep 32.1 26.4 39.1 17.0 83 82 254.6 10.2 3.3 SW Oct 32.1 24.9 36.1 16.3 78 75 166.2 6.7 2.1 N Nov 30.3 21.2 34.2 11.8 74 67 56.3 2.0 1.9 N Dec 28.1 17.2 32.8 8.6 72 66 5.8 0.3 2.0 N

Source: GOI, Ministry of Earth Sciences, IMD, Climatological Tables 1971-2000



Wind Classes Directions (m/s) 0.5-2.0 2.0-3.5 3.5-5.0 > 5.0 Total (%) 1 N 6.11 2.36 2.13 1.62 12.09 2 NNE 8.24 2.96 1.99 2.04 15.06 3 NE 6.90 2.41 2.82 4.40 16.35 4 ENE 2.73 0.93 0.51 0.83 4.95 5 E 4.72 1.57 1.20 1.25 8.65 6 ESE 1.16 0.32 0.32 0.23 2.01 7 SE 2.50 0.93 0.60 0.60 4.58 8 SSE 0.46 0.23 0.05 0.28 1.01 9 S 3.43 1.30 0.60 1.71 6.96

10 SSW 0.79 0.46 0.19 0.14 1.56 11 SW 1.06 0.60 0.09 0.42 2.15 12 WSW 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 13 W 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 14 WNW 0.79 0.14 0.23 0.14 1.28 15 NW 1.34 0.37 0.65 0.19 2.52 16 NNW 1.85 1.69 0.46 0.42 4.39 Sub-Total 41.67 15.11 11.72 14.20 83.70

Calms % 16.3 Wind Speed (m/s) 2.16

Total 100

Table 3.2 Winter season frequency distribution table

Figure 3.1 Wind rose Winter Season (Dec’2014 – Feb’2015)



Figure 3.2 Air Quality Monitoring locations

Table 3.3 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations

Code Name of the Location W.R.T Site

Distance (Km) Direction S1 Proposed Project Site --- --- S2 Bhagavathpatna 1.4 NE S3 Gorual 2.0 NW S4 Balabhadrapatna 4.5 W S5 Toran 4.5 NW S6 Gunthapipilio 4.5 N S7 Kharipada 4.0 NE S8 Puri 4.8 E

S9 Chakratirtha 8.4 E S10 Pratam shaha (Kapileswarpur) 8.4 NW S11 Dobandha 8.0 N S12 Nuagaon 9.2 NE S13 Kathuareri 9.5 W

3.2.1 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring stations

To evaluate the baseline air quality of the study area, thirteen (13) monitoring locations have been identified. A map showing the monitoring locations is given as Figure 3.2 and the details of the locations are given in Table 3.3.



Ambient air quality was monitored twice in a week during study period for important parameters viz. PM10, PM 2.5, SO2, NOx on 24 hourly basiss. Sampling was carried out as per CPCB monitoring guidelines at each location.

Table 3.4. The variations of all the parameters are compared with National Ambient Air Quality (NAAQ) standards, MOEFCC Notification, November’2009.

The maximum value of PM10 was observed as 58.6 g/m3 at Puri (AAQ8) and minimum value is 37.2g/m3 Kathuareri (AAQ13), NAAQ stipulated standard for PM10 for 24hr average is 100 g/m3.

The maximum value of PM2.5 was observed as 25.6 g/m3 at Puri (AAQ8) and minimum value is 14.2g/m3 Balabhadrapatna (AAQ4), NAAQ stipulated standard for PM2.5 for 24hr average is 60 g/m3.

The maximum value of SO2 was observed as 20.2 g/m3 at Puri (AAQ8) and minimum value is 10.6 g/m3 at Project site (AAQ1). NAAQ stipulated standard for SO2 for 24hr average is 80 g/m3.

The maximum value of NOx was observed as 30.6 g/m3 at Puri (AAQ8) and minimum value is 15.5 g/m3 at Project site (AAQ1). NAAQ stipulated standard for NOx for 24hr average is 80 g/m3.

Table 3.4 AAQ Monitoring Results

Location PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx

Min Max 98 th Min Max 98 th Min Max 98 th Min Max 98 th

AAQ1 42.1 48.4 45.5 15.8 20.1 20.0 10.6 14.5 14.5 15.5 23.4 23.1

AAQ2 43.2 52.3 52.2 16.4 20.4 20.2 12.4 16.8 16.8 15.6 28.4 28.4

AAQ3 44.3 52.8 52.8 16.8 22.5 21.7 14.3 19.4 19.4 16.0 27.6 27.6

AAQ4 42.8 54.6 54.3 14.2 22.8 22.1 11.4 15.8 15.8 19.7 25.1 24.4

AAQ5 40.7 53.5 53.4 17.5 21.8 21.7 14.5 17.6 17.6 18.9 23.9 23.7

AAQ6 40.1 52.2 52.2 18.2 20.8 20.8 12.4 18.9 18.3 19.7 24.7 24.6

AAQ7 42.7 54.6 54.5 18.0 21.6 21.5 14.3 16.7 16.6 18.9 23.4 23.2

AAQ8 45.5 58.6 58.6 20.2 25.6 25.6 14.8 20.2 20.2 22.7 30.6 30.4

AAQ9 39.8 49.6 49.5 18.2 23.1 22.3 13.3 16.1 16.1 20.3 26.4 25.1

AAQ10 38.6 45.6 45.5 18.0 19.9 19.9 12.8 18.7 18.7 18.6 24.1 23.8

AAQ11 40.3 46.5 46.4 18.2 20.8 20.8 14.5 18.9 18.3 19.7 23.7 23.6

AAQ12 38.9 47.5 47.4 15.9 22.8 22.1 13.4 16.8 16.7 18.5 25.3 25.3

AAQ13 37.2 48.4 48.3 15.1 20.3 20.0 12.8 17.4 17.4 17.2 23.5 23.5

98% range 45.5 to 58.6 19.9 to 25.6 14.5 to 20.2 23.1 to 30.4

NAAQ Standards

100 60 80 80

3.2.2 Ambient Air quality monitoring techniques and frequency

3.2.3 Results and discussions

The maximum, minimum and 98th percentile values of PM10, PM2.5 SO2 & NOx are given in



of the sand dune is about 20 to 30 meters. The sand dunes serve as repositories for the rainwater storage. The entire supply of drinking water for the Puri town is met from the ground water stored in the sand dune.

- Top fresh zone: 0 to <50 M depth range

- Middle saline zone: 50 to 130M depth range

- Deep fresh zone: 130 to 230m depth

- Deep saline zone: Beyond 230M depth range

The top fresh zone is comprised of the dune sand and old channels, and gets recharged from rainfall and other surface water bodies in the vicinity. The deep fresh aquifer is found to occur at a depth of 130 meters in an average. Thus deep fresh aquifer is not utilized so far. A study conducted by IDCO, Bhubaneshwar highlights the availability of ground water at Shamuka site.

As per CGWB the ground water level in Puri district between 2-5 m. Ground water monitoring is carried out by CGWB through a network of observation wells (dug wells and piezometers) spread all over the state. These wells serve as permanent National Hydrograph Stations (NHS). The existing network provides an optimal spatial distribution of observation stations in the region, through which necessary information on ground water regime is available with a fair degree of accuracy. Through interpolation between data sets at different stations, it is possible to determine the characteristics of elements at any point in the region. Under normal circumstances, the water level of the observation wells are being measured four times in a year during fixed period of time as given below –

- April – 20th to 30th of the month - Represents water level situation in Pre-monsoon period

- August – 20th to 30th of the month – Represents peak water level of monsoon period.

- November – 1st to 10th of the month - Represents situation of water level in Post-monsoon

- January – 1st to 10th of the month - Represents water level during irrigation period

National Hydrograph Stations Monitored During 2014-2015

District April-2014 August-2014 November-2014 January-2015 Puri (wells) 94 100 100 100

Water level (bgl) 2-5m (74.7%) 2-5m (60.6%) 0-2m (60%) 0-2 m (28%)

Source: CGWB Ministry of water resources Ground water Year book 2014-15

3.3 Water Environment

3.3.1 Ground water

The coastal dune sands underlie the project area that are of medium to course in size. The thickness

3.3.1.1Ground water availability

The available data indicate the following hydro geological and hydro chemical profile derived from extensive drilling, data logging and electrical logging of the boreholes.

3.3.1.2 Ground water Monitoring



The above data pertaining to January 2015 with reference to April 2014 shows that rise in water level between 0-2m has been observed in 67.6% of the wells with maximum of 96.6% of wells in Puri district.

W.R.T Site

Distance (Km) Direction GW1 Bhagavathpatna 1.4 NE

GW2 Gorual 2.0 NW

GW3 Puri 4.8 E

GW4 Khadipada 4.0 NE

GW5 Balabhadrapatna 4.5 W

GW6 Toran 4.5 NW

GW7 Pratam shaha (Kapileswarpur) 8.4 NW

GW8 Dobandha 8.0 N

GW9 Kathuareri 9.5 W

GW10 Guntapipilio 4.5 N

GW11 Nuagaon 9.2 NE

GW12 Chakrateertha 8.4 E

Groundwater sample analysis with respect to physico-chemical parameters having relevance to public health and aesthetic significance are selected to assess the water quality status with special attention. Standard methods prescribed for groundwater sampling and analysis were adopted.

The groundwater results are compared with the acceptable and permissible water quality standards as per IS: 10500 (2012) for drinking water and details are given in Table 3.7.

3.3.1.3 Water Quality

Total Twelve (12) groundwater monitoring locations were identified for assessment of groundwater quality in different villages around the project site based on the usage of groundwater by the settlements/villages in the study area.

Table 3.5 Ground Water sampling locations

Code Location

3.3.1.4 Results and discussions on Groundwater Quality

- The pH is varying between 6.9 at GW3 and 7.8 at GW2.

- Electrical conductivity (EC) varied between 392 µs/cm at GW1 and 4687 µs/cm at GW6.

- Total dissolved solids ranged between 196 mg/l at GW5 and 2820 mg/l at GW6.

- Total alkalinity as CaCO3 varied between 45 mg/l at GW5 and 341 mg/l at GW2. - Calcium as Ca ranged between 18.8 mg/l at GW12 and 210 mg/l at GW6.

- Chlorides as Cl- ranged between 58 mg/l at GW12 and 1293 mg/l at GW6.

- Total hardness as CaCO3 ranged between 77 mg/l at GW5 and 846 mg/l at GW6. - Fluoride as F- ranged between 0.33 mg/l at GW5 and 1.26mg/l at GW2.

- Sulphates as SO4 ranged between 18 mg/l at GW5 and 186 mg/l at GW6.

- Nitrates as NO3 ranged between 1.3 mg/l at GW1 and 30 mg/l at GW3.

- Concentrations of Copper and Arsenic are observed to be <0.05 mg/l at all locations.



- Concentrations of Cadmium, Chromium and Lead are observed to be <0.001 mg/l at all locations.

- Zinc (Zn) ranged observed <1 mg/l at all locations.

- Total coliform and faecal coliforms were absent at all locations.

Table 3.6 Surface water Locations

S.No Code Location w.r.t Site

Distance (Km) Direction 1 SW1 Bhargavi river Up Stream 8.1 N

2 SW2 Bhargavi River Down Stream 7.1 W

3 SW3 Mangala River Up stream 5.0 NE

4 SW4 Mangala River Down stream 2.1 NNE

5 SW5 Estuary 1.5 SE

6 SW6 Dhauria River 8.0 NE

7 SW7 Sea water (Bay of Bengal) 1.7 SE

8 SW8 Pond Water ( Stagnant water body) 2.8 N

9 SW9 Chhamu river 8.1 SW

3.3.2 Surface Water

Total Ten (10) surface water monitoring locations were identified for assessment in different villages around the project site based on the usage of surface water by the settlements/villages in the study area. Water sample analysis with respect to physico-chemical parameters having relevance to public health and aesthetic significance are selected to assess the water quality status with special attention. Standard methods prescribed for surf ace sampling and analysis were adopted. Descriptions of sampling locations are given in Table 3.6 and are shown in Figure 3.3. The surf ace water quality results are presented in Table 3.8.

10 SW10 Madhuragandha River 5.1 W

3.3.3 Results and discussions on surface water quality

It is inferred that all the parameters f or surface water samples are within the limits specified of Class B, Outdoor bathing (organized), as per Guidelines for Water Quality Management –CPCB 2008.



Figure 3.3 Surface water Locations



Table 3.7 Ground water analysis S.No Parameters Unit GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 GW6 GW7 GW8 GW9 GW10 GW11 GW12

1 Colour Hazen 6.4 0.9 1.0 6.3 6.9 5.7 2.8 1.2 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.5

2 PH -- 7.2 7.8 6.9 7.3 7.3 7.4 7.8 7.2 7.8 7.2 7.6 7.4

3 Turbidity NTU 8.2 2.0 4.0 8.4 10.2 8.2 3.2 3.9 2.5 1.8 2.3 1.8

4 EC µs/cm 392 2695 1784 501 312 4687 995 918 826 698 847 431

5 TDS mg/l 242 1618 1092 320 196 2820 610 578 500 430 520 274

6 Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 58 341 181 66 45 325 121 111 121 100 121 91

7 Chlorides as Cl- mg/l 78 615 350 111 65 1293 230 205 185 158 195 58

8 Sulphates as SO4 mg/l 26 136 39.9 24 18 186 46 46 20 24 24 30

9 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 1.3 2.3 30 3.2 10.1 3.3 9 17.8 1.5 1.2 5.2 3.3

10 Phosphate as P mg/l 1.32 2.64 1.94 0.98 0.41 3.64 1.33 1.03 0.71 0.98 0.82 0.41

11 Calcium as Ca mg/l 27.8 120 72 27 23 210 50 43.6 37.5 36.1 37.5 18.8

12 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 4.8 65.1 13.9 15.6 4.8 78.3 26.1 20.0 13.9 11.9 12.9 15.9

13 Sodium as Na mg/l 45 285 200 55 45 485 115 120 100 98 122 43

14 Potassium as K mg/l 21 110 121 16 5 145 12 22 35 14 10 12

15 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 89 571 237 133 77 846 234 191 151 139 147 113

16 Fluorides as F- mg/l 0.33 1.26 1.24 0.43 0.57 1.18 0.54 0.57 0.33 0.35 0.42 0.24

17 Residual Chlorine mg/l <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2

18 Arsenic as As mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05

19 Lead as Pb mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

20 Cadmium as Cd mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

21 Hexavalent Chromium as Cr+6 mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05

22 Nickel as Ni mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

23 Zinc as Zn mg/l <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

24 Copper as Cu mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05



Table 3.8 Surf ace water quality results S.No Parameters Unit SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 SW5 SW6 SW7 SW8 SW9 SW10

1 Colour Hazen 0.4 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.7 0.8 1.5 22.1 26.4

2 PH -- 7.5 7.1 6.7 7.3 7.8 7.6 7.2 7.2 7.1 7.6

3 Turbidity NTU 2.2 15 6.1 20 2.4 14 7.2 12 40.8 44.1

4 EC µs/cm 270 329 16430 35620 43500 369 56570 915 10540 730

5 TDS mg/l 170 204 11000 25800 26700 238 39200 560 6490 440

6 Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 51 61 158 160 221 65 251 81 79.2 161

7 Chlorides as Cl- mg/l 45 58 5890 11800 14600 68 19344 215 3310 129

8 Sulphates as SO4 mg/l 22.2 22.2 867 1120 1050 24 2850 76 531 25.5

9 Nitrate as No3 mg/l 0.12 0.45 0.52 3.84 0.61 7.87 0.34 2.1 23 9.1

10 Phosphate as P mg/l 0.24 0.38 9.64 21.36 32.47 1.11 56.4 2.41 8.42 2.16

11 Calcium as Ca mg/l 20 26 265 285 454 24 485 48 285 46

12 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 8.3 10 365 486 685 12.0 978 30 232 27

13 Sodium as Na mg/l 22 18 2343 5865 6845 36 9456 67 1432 58

14 Potassium as K mg/l 12 8 167 184 265 12 354 17 196 30

15 Total Hardness mg/l 84 106 2183 2738 3989 109 5288 243 1679 226

16 Fluorides as F- mg/l 0.64 0.82 2.73 3.01 2.72 0.84 6.65 0.72 0.65 0.8

17 Residual Chlorine mg/l <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2

18 Arsenic as As mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05

19 Lead as Pb mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

20 Cadmium as Cd mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

21 Hexavalent Chromium as Cr+6 mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05

22 Nickel as Ni mg/l <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 1.63 <0.5 2.48 <0.5 0.63 <0.5

23 Zinc as Zn mg/l <1 <1 <1 <1 2.46 <1 5.64 <1 1.31 <1

24 Copper as Cu mg/l <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 2.86 <0.5 5.44 <0.5 0.59 <0.5



Ambient noise levels have been established by monitoring noise levels at Thirteen (13) Locations. The noise monitoring locations in the study area were selected after giving due consideration to the various land use categories. The land use categories include commercial, residential, rural and sensitive areas. Noise levels were recorded on an hourly basis for one complete day at each location using pre-calibrated noise levels. A map showing the monitoring locations is given as Figure 3.1 and the details of the same are given in the Table 3.9.

Table 3.9 Noise Monitoring locations

Code Name of the Location W.R.T Site

Distance (Km) Direction N1 Proposed Project Site --- --- N2 Bhagavathpatna 1.4 NE N3 Gorual 2.0 NW N4 Balabhadrapatna 4.5 W N5 Toran 4.5 NW N6 Gunthapipilio 4.5 N N7 Kharipada 4.0 NE N8 Puri 4.8 E

N9 Chakratirtha 8.4 E N10 Pratam shaha (Kapileswarpur) 8.4 NW N11 Dobandha 8.0 N N12 Nuagaon 9.2 NE N13 Kathuareri 9.5 W

night equivalent (Ln) were calculated;

Ld: Average noise levels between 6:00 hours to 22.00 hours.

Ln : Average noise levels between 22:00 hours to 6.00 hours. The Day - Night (Ldn) equivalent noise levels were calculated using the US Environmental Protection Agency formula: Ldn= 10 Log [0.0416 {16 (10Ld/10) + 8 (10Ln+10/10)}] The comparison of day equivalent noise levels (Ld) and night equivalent noise levels (Ln) with the respective CPCB stipulated noise standards for various land use categories are shown in the Table 3 10.

3.4 Ambient Noise Levels

3.4.1 Results and discussions on Noise levels

Based on the hourly noise levels recorded at each monitoring location, the day equivalent (Ld) and



Table 3.10 Noise levels in the study area

Location N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 N9 N10 N11 N12 N13

1 41.1 42.1 41.5 42.3 41.2 41.3 40.5 44.5 40.7 41.2 40.6 41.3 42.1

2 42.4 43.7 42.7 44.4 42.5 42.4 41.5 45.4 41.8 43.2 41.4 42.3 43.5

3 44.3 45.5 44.2 44.8 43.8 43.8 42.7 46.5 42.3 44.2 42.6 43.6 44.7

4 44.6 46.3 45.4 45.1 44.9 44.4 43.8 46.8 43.4 44.9 43.9 45.4 45.8

5 44.9 46.8 45.9 46.5 45.7 45.3 44.9 47.8 43.8 46.2 44.6 45.9 47.6

6 46.5 47.6 50.4 48.7 46.5 46.6 45.7 48.6 44.4 47.4 45.7 50.6 51.7

7 52.7 49.7 54.5 54.9 52.4 52.4 53.2 55.4 50.2 51.8 51.4 52.4 54.3

8 53.8 53.4 55.6 55.5 55.4 53.5 54.8 57.6 52.7 53.8 53.5 53.5 55.7

9 56.5 54.6 56.8 54.7 56.4 54.6 56.4 56.5 54.7 54.9 55.8 55.7 56.5

10 55.8 55.8 57.6 55.8 56.7 55.7 55.4 58.6 55.7 54.7 56.4 55.9 55.7

11 53.4 56.8 56.4 56.4 54.3 54.9 54.8 56.5 56.5 52.7 55.3 54.1 54.3

12 52.7 55.4 56.2 55.5 54.3 55.5 53.4 55.4 55.4 50.7 54.1 55.8 56.4

13 54.2 54.9 54.9 54.4 53.6 56.6 56.4 55.5 53.8 51.2 52.3 53.4 55.8

14 55.4 53.7 55.8 53.4 54.8 55.5 54.8 56.5 53.2 52.5 53.5 54.6 55.4

15 53.4 55.4 56.8 54.4 55.7 54.4 53.2 57.6 54.4 53.3 54.6 55.9 56.4

16 55.6 56.5 56.3 55.5 56.7 53.4 55.4 58.8 55.2 55.8 55.8 56.8 55.9

17 53.8 53.3 54.9 52.4 55.4 51.3 56.2 57.3 56.5 56.8 56.4 55.7 56.3

18 48.2 52.3 50.7 51.3 53.3 53.5 53.6 54.3 54.8 56.2 54.3 54.2 54.3

19 47.6 50.5 48.2 50.3 51.2 48.8 47.5 52.1 52.1 53.2 52.4 53.5 54.1

20 46.2 48.6 46.3 47.9 47.6 46.8 45.8 48.7 49.4 50.2 49.8 50.5 51.2

21 44.7 45.4 45.4 45.7 46.5 45.4 44.2 46.5 48.4 48.4 46.5 47.5 48.6

22 43.7 44.3 44.2 44.6 44.3 44.5 43.6 45.6 45.4 45.5 45.3 45.6 46.2

23 42.7 43.2 43.5 43.5 42.3 43.5 43.2 44.5 43.8 44.9 43.2 43.2 44.5

24 41.4 42.4 42.3 42.4 42.8 42.2 42.1 43.4 42.3 43.3 42.1 41.8 42.8

Minimum 41.1 42.1 41.5 42.3 41.2 41.3 40.5 43.4 40.7 41.2 40.6 41.3 42.1

Maximum 56.5 56.8 57.6 56.4 56.7 56.6 56.4 58.8 56.5 56.8 56.4 56.8 56.5

Lday 53.2 53.8 54.8 53.8 54.2 53.5 53.9 55.9 53.9 53.4 53.9 54.3 55.0 Lnight 42.5 43.6 43.0 43.4 42.7 42.7 42.0 44.8 42.5 43.5 42.4 43.0 43.9

The homogenized soil samples collected at different locations were packed in a polyethylene plastic bag and sealed. The sealed samples were sent to laboratory for analysis. The physical, chemical parameters were determined from all samples. 3.4.2 Soil Sampling Locations Details of the soil sampling locations are given in Table 3.11. The soil analysis results are shown in Table 3.12.

3.5 Soil Environment

For studying the soil types and soil characteristics, twelve (12) sampling locations were selected to assess the existing soil conditions representing various land use conditions and geological features. 3.5.1 Methodology of sampling



Table 3.11 Soil Sampling Locations

Code

Name of the Location W.R.T. Site

Distance in Km Direction S1 Project Site -- -- S2 Bhagavathpatna 1.4 NE

S3 Gorual 2.0 NW

S4 Puri 4.8 E

S5 Khadipada 4.0 NE

S6 Balabhadrapatna 4.5 W

S7 Toran 4.5 NW

S8 Pratam shaha (Kapileswarpur) 8.4 NW

S9 Dobanda 8.0 N

S10 Guntapipilio 4.5 N

S11 Nuagan 9.2 NE

S12 Kathuareri 9.5 W

Table 3.12 Soil analysis results

S.No Parameter Unit S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 1 PH (10% solution) -- 7.0 6.8 7.2 6.9 7.4 7.9

2 Bulk Density gr/cc 1.2 1.28 1.41 1.31 1.33 1.68

3 SAR -- 4.06 4.98 3.91 3.88 2.84 3.43

4 EC (10% solution) µs/cm 113 142 132 133 128 107

5 Organic Carbon % 0.14 0.16 0.17 0.26 0.21 0.28

6 Organic Matter % 0.24 0.27 0.29 0.44 0.36 0.48

7 Moisture Content % 1.24 2.36 4.42 4.39 3.86 5.41

8 Sodium as Na mg/kg 163 142 138 138 122 151

9 Calcium as Ca mg/kg 67 69 88 79 82 82

10 Magnesium as Mg mg/kg 36 32 33 45 41 39

11 Chloride as Cl- mg/kg 68 82 74 78 86 89

12 Sulphates as So4-2 mg/kg 9 16 19 16 22 31

13 Ava Nitrogen as N mg/ha 132 216 248 198 183 203

14 Ava Phosphate as P mg/ha 12.3 17.1 14.3 18.4 19.6 19.4

15 Ava Potassium as K mg/ha 172 168 171 174 188 133

16 Zinc as Zn mg/kg 10.7 9.33 8.47 11.3 10.5 9.36

17 Copper as Cu mg/kg 4.32 4.78 3.86 4.22 4.17 4.33



Table 3.12 Soil analysis results

S.No Parameter Unit S7 S8 S9 S10 S11 S12 1 PH (10% solution) -- 7.8 6.9 7.1 6.8 6.1 6.8

2 Bulk Density gr/cc 1.41 1.68 1.28 1.46 1.98 1.31

3 SAR -- 3.43 3.49 3.40 3.00 3.02 2.23

4 EC (10% solution) µs/cm 122 121 122 131 128 139

5 Organic Carbon % 0.20 0.19 0.29 0.17 0.19 0.15

6 Organic Matter % 0.34 0.32 0.49 0.29 0.32 0.25

7 Moisture Content % 8.17 7.32 5.09 5.47 6.32 4.95

8 Sodium as Na mg/kg 146 139 172 151 140 132

9 Calcium as Ca mg/kg 74 78 122 113 108 114

10 Magnesium as Mg mg/kg 39 36 44 48 33 79

11 Chloride as Cl- mg/kg 92 46 71 92 86 88

12 Sulphates as So4-2 mg/kg 17 18 16 92 31 19

13 Ava Nitrogen as N mg/ha 174 103 194 232 198 164

14 Ava Phosphate as P mg/ha 11.9 10.6 10.3 11.3 18.4 16.7

15 Ava Potassium as K mg/ha 146 179 174 169 181 142

16 Zinc as Zn mg/kg 9.49 8.39 10.4 10.4 11.5 12.9

17 Copper as Cu mg/kg 4.19 3.22 3.79 4.17 2.46 2.86

Table 3.13 Rating Chart of the Soil Test Data (Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi)

Nutrient Unit Low Medium High Organic Carbon (as measure of available Nitrogen)

% Below 0.5 0.5 – 0.75 Above 0.75

Available Nitrogen (N) Kg/ha Below 280 280-560 Above 560

Available Phosphorus (P) Kg/ha Below 10 10-25 Above 25

Available Potassium (K) Kg/ha Below 110 110-280 Above 280

PH

Acidic Normal to Saline Tending to become alkaline Alkaline Below 6.0 6.0-8.5 8.6-9.0 Above 9.0

Total Soluble salts (Conductivity in millimhos) Normal Critical for germination Critical for growth of the sensitive

crops Injurious to most

crops

Below 1000 1000-2000 2000-4000 Above 4000

3.4.3 Results and discussions on Soil quality

The pH values in the study area are varying from 6.1 (S11) to 7.9 (S6) indicating that the soils are

falling in normal to saline class.

The electrical conductivity in the study area is varying from 107 (S6) to 142(S2) millimhos indicating that soil quality as normal category.

The organic carbon in the study area is varying from 0.14% (S1) to 0.29% (S9) which is in low range.

The available Nitrogen as N in the study area is varying from 132 mg/ha (S1) to 248 kg/ha (S3) which indicates that samples are falling in low range.



In the study area available Phosphorus is varying from 10.3kg/ha (S9) to 19.6 kg/ha (S5), which indicates that all samples are falling in medium range.

The available Potassium in the study area is varying between 133kg/ha (S6) to 188 kg/ha (S5) which indicates that all samples are falling in medium range.

The selected location is a site of unmatched natural beauty with a 2000 meters long sea frontage and another 2000 meters of River front on its adjacent side. These two strips offer tremendous potential for development of tourism-related projects including luxury hotels and resorts.

A strip of forest/plantation is starts from middle (approx.1200 m wide) of the site and extends beyond its limits. Apart from this huge chunk of dense plantation there are smaller groups of trees scattered all over the site. The trees are mainly of casuarinas (Casuarina equisetifolia. subsp) and kikar (Acacia nilotica sp.) which cover 36% and 35% respectively. The other remaining chunk of land is under a single crop and double crop. As per the land use analysis (based on the land use map of Orissa Remote Sensing Application Centre (ORSAC). Forest/ costal Plantation covers 28% area of the project site (about 257.99 acres). Some plantations of cashew nut trees (Anacardium occidentale) also observed in the buffer zone of the project site. The forest within the site can be utilized for eco-tourism and camping sites. This will help in conserving the natural resources and will be an added attraction for the tourists.

**Balukhand – Konark RF is 26.4 km (NEE) and Balighai PF is 30 km (NEE).

The eco-sensitive areas/sanctuary/biodiversity areas are 50 km away from the site boundary. 1. Nalaban Sanctuary (54.6 Km SWW) 2. Chandaka – Dampara Santuary (64.8 Km NNW) 3. Nandan Kanan Sanctuary (69.4 Km N).

The project area is a part of the coastal belt of the Bay of Bengal. The soil cover in the area is mostly sand and silt having a flat topography on the opposite side of the sea beach. As the top soil is mostly sandy and slit, it usually supports xeric vegetation.

3.6 Ecology and biodiversity

Shamuka beach project site is surrounded by Bay of Bengal on the south and Mangala River on its eastern edge. The Shamuka Beach site is proposed on the sea to the South of Puri, between Puri town and Chilika Lake alongside the Bay of Bengal. The Mangala River which separates Puri town from Shamuka Beach adjoins one side of the project site. Thus Shamuka Beach area is about 8Km to the South of Puri Town.

3.6.1 Eco sensitive areas

There are no endangered or endemic species of flora and fauna in core and buffer zone (within 10 km radius) of the proposed project. There is no threat to the Biodiversity due to the proposed project. Most of the species present in the study area are indigenous and naturalized. There is no rare and endangered species within the study area of the project site. Some reserve & protected forest patches are found in 25km away from the project site.



Table 3.14 Flora observed in the study area Botanical name Common name Family Casuarina equisetifolia Jhau Gacha /coast she oak casuarinaceae

Anacardium occidentale Cashew(kaju) Anacardiaceae

Acacia nilotica Babul/kikar Leguminosae

Ficus religiosa Peppal Moraceae

Zizyphus mauritiana Barakoli Rhamnaceae

Annona squamosa Custrad apple Annonaceae

Ficus bengalensis Bara Moraceae

Barringtonia acutangla Hinnjal Lecythidaceae

Azadirachta indica Neem Meliaceae

Pandanus sps. Kia Arecaceae

Cocos nucifera Nariyal Arecaceae

Acacia auriculiformis Acacia Fabaceae

Borassus flabellifera Tala Arecaceae

Calotropis sps. Arakha Apocyanaceae

Mangifera indica Mango Anacardiaceae

During site visit common species some of the common observed in the study area. Other than domestic animals and few reptiles no suitable habitat is found for wild animals. Similarly no migration route for any fauna is observed in this direction. There are no endangered or endemic species observed in the study area. The species observed in the project study area are given in Table 3.15.

Table 3.15 Faunal species observed in the study area Zoological name Common name Family

Amphibians Bufo melanostictus Toad Bufonidae

Hoplobatrachus tigerinus Frog (Rana tigrina) Dicroglossidae

Reptiles Calotex versicolor Indian green lizard Agamidae

Hemidactylus sp House lizard Gekkonidae

Carvous corax Crow Corvidae

Passer domesticus Sparrow Passeridae

Prittacula sp. Parrot Psittacoidae

Ploceus Philippinus Baya weaver Ploceidae

Mammals Felis chaus affinus Jungle Cat Felidae

Canis familiaris Dog canidae

Funambulus palmanum Gunduchi Musa(squirrel) Sciuridae

Canis aureus Jackal canidae

3.6.2 Flora & fauna

The vegetation cover observed in the study area is of heterogeneous nature in the core & buffer zone. The vegetation includes trees as well as shrubs and herbs. Dominant species are given below.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lecythidaceae

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coconut



The aquatic macrophytes vegetation is most common in the roadside swamp, canal, aquatic fields, and village pond and rice field. Secondary information was also collected from different Sources, such as local villagers. The detailed analysis of fish data indicates that a larger number of well-diversified fish species are available. Details of fresh water fish fauna listed in Table 3.16.

Table 3.16 List of fresh water fish fauna S.No. Scientific Name Common Name

1 Amblypharyagodon mola Morola

2 Barilius bola Bhola

3 Chela laubuca Beki Beki chela

4 Cirrhinus reba Mrigal

5 Salmostoma sardinella Chela

6 Clarius batrachus Magur

7 Catla catla Katla

8 Labeo rohita Rohu

9 Mystus seenghala Cat fish

10 Puntinus saphere Punthi

11 Ompok pada Padba

12 Notopterus chitala Chital

3.6.3 Aquatic ecosystem

Mangala River is flowing at a distance of about 100 m (NE), Mangala river which is the tributary of the Brahmani river is running parallel to the east side of the project site boundary. A small canal from Mangala River passes through the project site from the east to west side on the upper edge of the project site. And the Chilika Lake is a biggest brackish water lagoon is away from 25 Km (W)

3.6.3.1 Macrophytes and fish fauna

3.6.4 Chilika lake

It is the largest inland lake in the country spreading over 1100 square kilometers. The Chilika is a paragon of Nature's beauty. The hills inside the lake namely Deepamundia, Kalijugeswar, Ghantasalia, Soleri, Bhaleri and Jatiya create beautiful scenery during sunrise and sunset. Dotted with many emerald green islands with colorful names such as Honeymoon Island and Breakfast Island, Chilika is the home to a rich variety of aquatic fauna. It is also the sanctuary and winter resort for migratory birds, some coming from as far as Siberia. The lake is a natural aquarium of about 160 varieties of fish. Chilika is home to about 150 species of the lake is a natural aquarium of about 160 varieties of fish. Chilika is home to about 150 species of birds. One third of which are permanent residents and the remaining two third are migratory birds such as Siberean cranes, Flemingoes that come from the Persian Gulf and Pelicans from the north which make the lake their home during the winter season.

3.6.5 Marine Environment

The selected location (Shamuka beach area) is a site of unmatched natural beauty with a 2000 meters long sea frontage. And due this development of beach no impact is envisaged on the marine flora & fauna.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagoon



The state of Odisha has 480 km of coastal belt, 0.65 million hectares of fresh water and 0.59 million hectares of brackish water area. The total quantity of fish produced from fresh water, brackish water and marine water was 257.662 Metric tons in 1994-95. Exploitation of marine fish resources and culture of prawns in back-water areas are the two promising areas for increasing the export potential of the state. The ocean water is very unique in the sense that it has the great dissolving power and because of this capacity it is able to dissolve most of the salts and sediments brought in by large number of rivers. The ocean water is also unique for its week acid and buffering power. Because of these special characteristics only the salinity and most of other chemical constituents of ocean water does not change much specially in the open ocean. However in recent past it has been observed that due to different kinds of human intervention through the developmental activities like, extensive urbanization, industrialization, construction of ports and harbors, etc. have affected the coastal water characteristics. The coastal area accommodates around 25% of total population by virtue of its geographical location.

Table 3.17 List of marine water fish fauna in the study area

S.No. Scientific Name Common Name 1 Aequedens pulcher Blue acara

2 Barbus chwanenfeldi Barb

3 Chana puntatus Bombay duck

4 Carchartinus sp. Sharks

5 Dasytis centroura Sting ray

6 Epinephelus alexandrines Timid fish

7 Hilsa ilisha Hilsa fish

8 Abudefduf bengalensis Bombin

9 Hilsa ilisha Hilsa fish

10 Gymnura sp. Rays

11 Lepturacanthus sp. Ribbon fish

12 Rhinocanthus verrucosus Trigger fish

13 Mastacembelus armatus Spiny fish

14 Scomberomous sp. Mackerel

3.6.5.1 Fish fauna in marine environment

As per the market survey and secondary information, marine water fish fauna has been collected and is listed in Table 3.17. The detailed analysis of fish data also indicates that a larger number of well-diversified fish species are available in the area. Nearly 25% above of the study area is covered by Bay of Bengal, so marine fishing is also major employment in the study area.

3.6.5.2 Fisheries

About 38 types of fishing gears are used in this region and they use gill nets, castanet and hook/line. However, the dominant species landing at Puri region are sharks, rays, sardines, hilsa shad and other shads, anchovies, trichuridae (ribbion fish), mullets (Mugil species), catfish and silver pomfret. Panaeid and Non-Penaeid prawns are also caught in this region. The dominant species of prawns ar Penaeus indicus, Metapenaeus monoceros, Metapenaeus dobsoni and Metapenaeus brevicorins, besides Crabs as dominant species.



3.7 Agriculture patterns Rice is the major food of the people and the Major crops in the study area are Paddy (in Kharif & Rabi), Wheat, Mung, Biri, Kulthi and Groundnut, Til, Mustard etc.

3.8 Traffic study The proposed road hierarchy consists of 30m, 24m, 18m, 12m and 6m wide roads. The proposed road network would facilitate effective movement of internal traffic within Shamuka Beach Area. Proposed road hierarchy will be from the main entrance road to central ring road to internal road. All the roads are C.C. paved and well featured with proper main traffic stream lane, well guided informatory signages and street light (30 m centre to centre). Some of the well-designed road sections are given below for 30m, 24m, 18m and 6m widths.

The objective of traffic study and emission quantification is to assess the magnitude of the emissions resulting from two-wheelers, three wheelers, and four wheelers that are extensively used as a means of common transport within the urban areas. A detailed traffic survey was conducted in the study area at one location in order to arrive at the traffic density in the study area and also to evaluate the impacts of the increased traffic due to the proposed activity.

Vehicular emissions are the major source of air quality impacts in the study area. The principal cause of air pollution during the construction phase is the diesel-powered vehicles used in haulage of aggregates, earth and other construction material. Air quality could be affected by suspended particulate matter arising due to site clearing, vehicular emissions etc. Gaseous emissions like Sulphur dioxide, Nitrous oxide, CO and HC might be released from the vehicular movement, which has a direct impact on the environment.

Increase in the traffic in the study area has a direct impact on the resources as release of automobile exhaust is envisaged which has a direct impact on the air quality and the ambient noise levels in the study area. The methodology adopted for carrying out the traffic study was to select the major roads around the project site and count the various categories of vehicles moving on these roads.

Table 3.18 Details of Traffic Monitoring Locations

S.No. Code Location W.R.T site

Direction Distance in Km 1 TF1 Near Proposed site on NH 203A(connect Puri- Satpada) N 1.5

Figure 3.4 Traffic Study location



Table 3.19 Traffic study Near Proposed site on NH 203A (connect Puri and Satpada)

Hours Two wheeler Three Wheeler

Light Commercial Vehicles (LCV)

Heavy commercial Vehicles (HCV)

Total vehicles

v/hr PCU/hr (0.75)

v/hr PCU/hr v/hr PCU/hr v/hr PCU/hr Total Total PCU/hr

6:00-7:00 65 49 12 24 22 22 104 384.8 203 480

7:00-8:00 87 65 24 48 35 35 128 473.6 274 622

8:00-9:00 93 70 36 32 47 47 132 488.4 308 637

9:00-10:00 186 140 45 90 54 54 144 532.8 429 816

10:00-11:00 286 215 54 108 58 58 158 584.6 556 965

10:00-12:00 256 192 48 96 45 45 143 529.1 492 862

12:00-13:00 187 140 34 68 34 34 132 488.4 387 731

13:00-14:00 95 71 22 44 48 48 126 466.2 291 629

14:00-15:00 86 65 18 36 56 56 122 451.4 282 608

15:00-16:00 112 84 23 46 52 52 153 566.1 340 748

16:00-17:00 188 141 33 66 54 54 141 521.7 416 783

17:00-18:00 102 77 43 86 42 42 133 492.1 320 697

18:00-19:00 87 65 28 56 32 32 176 651.2 323 804

19:00-20:00 54 41 12 24 18 18 164 606.8 248 689

20:00-21:00 32 24 8 16 12 12 162 599.4 214 651

21:00-22:00 23 17 6 12 8 8 132 488.4 169 526

22:00-23:00 18 14 3 6 5 5 123 455.1 149 480

Two lane two way

Worst case baseline PCU/hr - 965

Road width - 14m

Carrying capacity of the road as per IRC: 106-1990 (PCU’s/hr) - 1500

3.20 Existing Traffic scenario

Road V C Existing V/C LOS NH 203A (connect Puri and Satpada) 965 1500 0.64 poor

3.21 Traffic Standards

V/C LOS performance 0.0-0.2 A Excellent

0.2-0.0.4 B Very good

0.4-0.6 C Average

0.6-0.8 D Poor

0.8-1.0 E Very poor

1.0 and above F Worst

Note: capacity as per IRC: 106-1990 for guideline for capacity for Urban roads page 11 tables. V=Vol. in PCU/hr; C= Capacity in PCU/hr; LOS Level of service



3.9 Socio-economic Environment

3.9.1 Demography and Socio-Economics (Secondary Data Description)

This section illustrates the prevailing socio-economic aspects of people inhabiting villages in the core and buffer zone of the proposed Shamuka Beach development area boundary. It also attempts to understand these realities so as to plan impactful developmental interventions for inhabitants of project area villages.

3.9.2 Methodology Adopted for the Study The study area (both Core and Buffer Zone) covers a 10 km radial distance from the periphery of the proposed Shamuka Beach project site in Puri tehsil of Puri district. The methodology adopted for data collection includes review of published secondary data such as district census statistics of 2011, which includes: demography, occupational structure, literacy profile and Social structure etc.

Similarly, the primary data was collected through administering structured questionnaire, focused group discussions, observation and key stakeholder interactions in a sample of villages in the core zone. The salient features of the demographic and socio-economic aspects in the Core and Buffer Zone (hereafter referred as Study area) has been described in the following sections.

3.9.2.1 Distribution of Population As per 2011 census the study area consists of 241180 populations in 10 km radial distance from the periphery of the project. The distribution of population in the study area is given in Table 3.22.

Table 3.22 Distribution of Population in Core and Buffer Zone

As illustrated in the above table, the males and females constitute about 51.7% and 48.3% in the study area respectively.

3.9.2.2 Average Household Size The study area had an average family size of 4.9 persons per household in 2011. This is moderate family size and is in comparison with the other parts of the district.

S. No. Particulars Study area (10km radius) 1 No. of Households 49664

2 Male Population 124743

3 Female Population 116437

4 Total Population 241180

5 Total Population (0-6 years) 22872

6 Average Household Size 4.9

7 % of males to the total population 51.7

8 % of females to the total population 48.3

9 Sex Ratio (no of females per 1000 males) 933.4

Source: District Primary Census Statistics of Odisha-2011

3.9.2.3 Population Density

The density of population of the study area works out to about 480 persons per km2.



3.9.2.4 Sex Ratio The configuration of male and female indicates that the males constitute to about 51.7% and 48.3% females of the total population. The sex ratio i.e. the number of females per 1000 males indirectly reveals certain sociological aspects in relation with female births, infant mortality among female children and single person family structure, a resultant of migration of industrial workers. The study area on an average has 933 females per 1000 males.

3.9.2.5 Social Structure In the study area about 0.5% population belong to Scheduled Tribes (ST) and 9.1% Scheduled Castes (SC) indicating that about 9.7% of the population in the study area belongs to Scheduled sections. The distribution of population in the study area by social structure is given in Table 3.23.

Table 3.23 Distribution of Population by Social Structure in Core and Buffer zone

S.No Particulars 0-10 km 1 Schedule caste 22032

2 % to the total population 9.1

3 Schedule Tribes 1271

4 % to the total population 0.5

5 Total SC and ST population 23303

6 % to total population 9.7

7 Total population 241180

Source: District Primary Census statistics of Odisha -2011

3.9.2.6 Literacy Levels The analysis of the literacy levels in the study area reveals an average literacy rate of 78.4% as per 2011 census data. The distribution of literates and literacy rates in the study area is given in Table 3.24.

The male literacy i.e. the percentage of literate males to the total literates of the study area works out to be 54.1%. The female literacy rate, which is an important indicator for social change, is observed to be 45.9% in the study area.

Table 3.24 Distribution of Literate and Literacy Rates in Core and Buffer Zone

S.No Particulars 0-10 km 1 Male Population 124743

2 Female Population 116437

3 Total Population 241180

4 Male literates 102376

5 Female literates 86781

6 Total literates 189157

7 Male literacy rate (%) 54.1

8 Female literacy rate (%) 45.9

9 % of Male literates to the Male Population 82.1

10 % of Female literates to the Female Population 74.5

11 Total Literacy rate (%) 78.4

Source: District Primary Census Statistics of Odisha -2011



3.9.2.7 Occupational Structure The occupational structure of residents in the study area is studied with reference to main workers, marginal workers and non-workers. The main workers include 4 categories of workers defined by the census department consisting of cultivators, agricultural laborers, those engaged in manufacturing, processing and repairs in household industry; and others including those engaged in household industry, construction, trade and commerce, transport and communication and all other services.

The marginal workers are those workers engaged in some work for a period of less than six months during the reference year prior to the census survey. The non-workers include those engaged in unpaid household duties, students, retired persons, dependents, beggars, vagrant’s etc. institutional inmates or all other non-workers who do not fall under the above categories.

As per 2011 census records, there is a total of 32.1% main workers in the study area. The marginal workers and non-workers constitute to 3.5% and 64.4% of the total population respectively. Therefore, non-workers are predominant in the total distribution of workers by occupation. The occupational structure of the study area is given in Table 3.25.

Table 3.25 Occupational Structure in Core and Buffer Zone S.No Particulars 0-10 km

1 Total population 241180

2 Total workers 85900

3 Work participation rate (%) 35.6

(Total workers/Total population)*100

4 Main workers 77464

5 % of main workers to total population 32.1

6 Marginal workers 8436

7 % of marginal workers to total population 3.5

8 Non-workers 155280

9 % of non-workers to total population 64.4

10 Dependency ratio 1.8

Source: District Primary Census Statistics of Odisha -2011

3.9.2.8 Dependency Ratio Based on the occupational structure of the study area the dependency rate of non-workers on the workers category has been estimated at 1.8. Hence some economic generating activities should be developed so that most of the pupils can engage in employment opportunities.

3.9.2.9 Infrastructure and accessibility, Primary Observations in the Core Zone The following subsections illustrate existing infrastructural details, namely educational institutions, working profile, housing typology and social composition in surveyed villages.

Health Care Facilities and Accessibility: It 80% of the population are accessed to govt. hospitals and else 20% are accessed to Private hospitals in the study area.



Accessibility to Educational Institutions: It was observed, that 80% of villages are accessed with primary schools, 15% to secondary schools and another 5% to higher studies institutions the study area villages.

Water Resources: Major water sources in our surveyed villages are from other sources only like borrowed tanks due to famine atmosphere the scarcity of water has been observed.

Housing Typology: The 70% of typology of housing is observed as pucca and other 30% is kutcha in these villages.

Communication Facilities:

Post offices: Only 20% of villages surveyed are accessed with postal services, while other 80% of villages have to access nearby town to get postal benefits.

Electricity: All villages are accessed with electricity supply

Bank facilities: No village is accessed with bank facilities within the villages.

Heritage/pilgrim interests: Puri, Temple of Lord Jagannath is the major pilgrim centre

Other Observations: Most of the villages surveyed in the core zone are benefitted by government schemes such as old age pension schemes, widow pensions, MGNREGA (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act), housing schemes, mobile health service-104 services etc. The villagers are also aware of the developments so far as the welfare schemes and measures of the government is concerned.

The socio-Economic study revealed that the youth in the project area are devoid of employment opportunities. They can be a potential source of workers with minimum handholding and vocational education skills. The study also noted an active presence of self-help-groups in the project area villages. Many of these groups are acting as micro-finance entities, rotating small amount of loans among the group members. 3.9.3 Suggestions for Improvement of Socio-Economic Status The socio-economics status of the population in the project area shall be improved through CSR and focused community development interventions. Some of the salient activities are illustrated below:

The social investment on providing capacity building trainings and strengthening of SHG activities.

Distribution of vitamin and de worming tablets to anganwadi and school going children, distribution of iron tablets to women will bring a tremendous change in the health of women and children.



Fruit distribution to anganwadi children on certain days in a week, construction of baby friendly toilet with water facility in the anganwadi etc. will have positive impact.

Providing skill trainings for rural women in tailoring, manufacturing household items like: detergents, soap, toilet cleaners and room fresheners etc. would enhance their income, thereby create better livelihood opportunities for the rural women. These products can be purchased by company will provide additional employment opportunity of the rural women & adolescent girls.


Anticipated Impacts and Mitigation Measures

4.0 Introduction

The environmental impacts associated with the proposed project are identified, characterized and evaluated systematically. The extent of impact on air, water, soil, flora and fauna has been evaluated in relation to the environmental pollution. The impacts may be distinctly direct and indirect, positive and negative, reversible and irreversible. The prediction of impacts on various environmental parameters during construction and occupation of the proposed project assists in effective identification of mitigation measures to minimize the adverse impacts on environmental quality. The prediction of impacts on different sectors has been studied using scientific tools and the results are estimated. Such predictions are superimposed over the baseline (pre-project) status of environmental quality to develop the ultimate (post-project) scenario of the environmental conditions. Successful environmental impact assessment process requires proper identification, prediction, assessment and also communication of the significant environmental impacts to the public. The details on impact of the project activity on each of the disciplines mentioned above are discussed below.

The environmental impacts associated due to proposed project are classified into two phases and the possible impacts are assessed.

1. Impacts during construction phase 2. Impacts during operational phase

4.1 Impacts during Construction Phase

The principal potential source of air quality impact arising during construction period is fugitive dust generation. The dust, measurable as Total Suspended Particulate Matter and Respirable Suspended Particulates would be generated as a result of construction activities. The construction program of the project shall commence immediately after obtaining statutory clearances.

The potential dust sources associated with construction activities are loading and unloading of the materials, top soil removal, travel over unpaved roads and wind erosion etc. The construction works associated with the proposed development are broadly given below.

i. Site development and foundation works ii. Dust generation due to vehicles bringing raw materials

iii. Un loading of raw materials, removal of un wanted waste material from site

iv. Civil constructions and provision of infrastructure required for various activities.

Among all the construction activities, site formation has the highest potential for causing dust nuisance to the nearby air sensitive locations. During the construction of the project, existing houses nearby may be subject to the potential dust impacts


Chapter 4

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4.1.1 Mitigation Measures For the proposed project, site leveling and grading will be carried out for construction, where ever possible natural sand dune elevations will not be disturbed, only leveling activity will be carried out for providing roads, sewage network, storm water system, and places required for providing buildings According to the engineering assessment; most of the excavated material shall be reused within the project boundary, if any excess will be disposed through local contractors for filling low lying areas or road laying purposes, etc. The movement of cut and fill material will be limited.

Most of the construction dust will be generated from the movement of construction vehicles on unpaved roads. Unloading of cement, sand, etc., and removal of soil material shall also act as a potential source for dust nuisance. The control measures proposed to be taken up are given below:

Regular water sprinkling on roads in project area will be carried out at least twice a day, if need arises frequency will be increased on windy days, in this way around 50% reduction on the dust contribution from the exposed surface can be achieved.

The duration of stockpiling will be as short as possible as most of the material will be used as backfill material for the open cut trenches for road development.

Temporary tin sheets of sufficient height (3m) will be erected around the site of dust generation or all around the project site as barrier for dust control.

Tree plantations around the project boundary will be initiated at the early stages by plantation of 2-3 years old saplings using.

All the vehicles carrying raw materials will be covered with tarpaulin / plastic sheet, unloading and loading activity will be stopped during windy period.

To reduce the dust movement from civil construction site to the neighborhood the external part of the building under construction will be covered by plastic sheets.

Vehicles having pollution under control certificate will be allowed.

Drivers of the Vehicles will be instructed to follow speed limits (<20 kmph), reducing the speed of the vehicle will reduce generation of dust to large extent.

Speed limit boards will be displayed at entrance gate, speed breakers will be provided if needed.

Given the implementation of proper control measures for dust suppression, no major adverse impacts are expected and compliance with the Ambient Air Quality is achieved at all time.

4.2 Impacts during Operation Phase

As the proposed project being a tourism development project there are no major point source emissions like industries. The major air pollutants associated with this project is from incoming and outgoing vehicles and visitors. In addition to this the other source is use of DG set during power failure as back up source for lighting and other emergency needs. The use of DG set will be as minimum as possible as it is used during power failure as a backup. The Details of the DG set stack height calculation, stack provided, pollutants expected is given in Table 4.1.



Table 4.1 Details of DG set and Stack Height Details *DG Sets

Type of fuel Diesel

Capacity 2500 kVA 2000 kVA 625 kVA

Height of the stack (m) 30 30 10

Internal Dia. of the stack (m) 0.5 0.4 0.2

Temp of flue gas (°C) 492 508 510

Velocity of flue gas (m/s) 25 22 14

NOx Emissions (g/s) 6.56 3.7 0.55

*No. of DG Sets 2500 kVA – 11 No’s, 2000 kVA – 1 No. and 625 kVA – 1 No.

DG Set Emissions are calculated as per the following:

3rd Amended Rules dated 11th December 2013. 3. NOx limit 710 ppm (>800 kW) as per as per Gazette of India - G.S.R. 489(E) Environmental

(Protection) 3rd Amended Rules dated 9th July 2002

4.2.1 Emission details The major emissions generates from the DG sets are SO2 & NOx and these are anticipated during the operational stage for the proposed area development project.

4.2.2 Simulation Model for Prediction – (AERMOD) Point Source:-Air Dispersion Modeling is done using emission and meteorological data. The predicted ground level concentration of the proposed project will indicate the impact within the 20km x 20km modeling area with the help of USEPA approved Software AERMOD version 7.0.3. The ground level concentrations (GLC) of SO2, and NOx were predicted on 24 hourly average basis and the concentrations are shown in the form of isopleths. The pollutants released into the atmosphere will disperse in the down wind direction and finally reach the ground at further distance from the source. The GLC mainly depend upon the source of emission strength and meteorology of the study area.

In order to estimate the Ground Level Concentrations due to the emission from the stacks at the site project, EPA approved AERMOD Air Dispersion software has been used. The Dispersion Model provides option to model emissions from a wide range of sources that are present at a typical industrial source complex. The model considers the sources and receptors in the terrain as seen in the map. The basis of the model is the straight line steady state Gaussian Plume Equation. The GLC contours are plotted on the topo map. It is observed that the predicted maximum GLC of SO2, and NOx are combined with baseline values and compared with the stipulated standards.


Volumetric Flow rate (m3/s) 4.91 2.77 0.44

Fuel Consumption (l/hr) 583 403 127

SO2 Emissions (g/s) 0.11 0.08 0.025

1. Sulphur content 350 mg/kg As per BS-III HSD Standards

2. NOx limit 4 g/kWh (≤800 kW) as per Gazette of India - G.S.R 771(E) Environmental (Protection)


4.2.3 Model inputs and Results

The inputs used to run the model are stack details, emission details, and a twenty-four hour mean meteorological data. The stack & emission details are shown in the Table 4.1 and the 24-hour mean meteorological data for summer season is shown in Table 4.2. The Predicted maximum Ground level concentration of 24 Hour average SO2 concentrations considering 24 hour mean meteorological data of study season are superimposed on the maximum baseline concentrations obtained during the study period to estimate the post project scenario, which would prevail at the post operational phase. The overall post project scenario is shown in Table 4.3. The isopleths of the predicted concentrations of the monitored pollutants are presented in Figures 4.1 & 4.2.

Table 4.2 24 hour mean meteorological data for winter season Hour

Temperature (°C)

Relative Humidity (%)

Wind Direction (degrees)

Wind Speed (m/s)

Stability Class

1 16 75 45 1.21 6 2 15 78 360 1.40 6 3 18 82 20 1.23 6 4 20 79 45 1.23 6 5 21 74 20 1.31 6 6 23 73 180 1.23 6 7 24 65 45 1.17 6 8 22 54 45 1.21 5 9 25 50 20 1.20 3

10 26 48 45 1.29 2 11 27 47 45 1.22 2 12 26 46 45 1.39 1 13 28 45 45 1.18 1 14 26 48 360 1.17 2 15 24 52 90 1.18 3 16 23 54 20 1.21 3 17 21 58 45 1.10 4 18 20 64 45 1.27 4 19 20 69 45 1.41 5 20 19 72 360 1.32 6 21 18 77 20 1.11 6 22 17 79 20 1.25 6 23 16 80 360 1.18 6 24 15 82 45 1.20 6



Table 4.3 Post project scenario – units (µg/m3) Parameters SO2 NOx Baseline scenario (Max) 20.2 30.4 Predicted GLC 0.36 21

Overall scenario (Worst case) 20.56 51.4 Travel Distance (km) 0.1 0.1 Direction SW SW

NAAQ standards ‘*’ 80 80 Source: MoEFCC, Notification New Delhi November 16’2009, schedule-VII

Table 4.4 Air pollution control measures

Sources Air pollutants Control measures DG set SO2, NOx Adequate stack height as per norms for proper

dispersion of pollutants Vehicles Dust, SO2, CO, HC, NOx Black carpeted roads will be maintained properly.

Vehicle owners will be informed to vehicle should have valid PUC certificate and follow the emission standards.

General Measures:

- Provision of minimum of 2m wide greenbelt around the boundary of the project

- Provision of minimum of 1m wide greenbelt (two sides) along the internal roads.



Figure 4.1Predicted Ground Level Concentration (GLC) of SO2 (µg/m3)

Figure 4.2Predicted Ground Level Concentration (GLC) of NOx (µg/m3)



4.3 Water quality Impact assessment

This section highlights the assessment of water quality impacts associated with the proposed project. The assessment is based on the worst case scenario. The potential impacts during construction &operational phase are assessed and practical mitigation measures are recommended. 4.3.1 Potential impacts from Operation phase The sewage disposal and treatment facilities are proposed within Shamuka Beach Area. The quantity of wastewater generated is considered to be 85% of the required supply of water. The quality of waste water will be predominantly domestic. A treatment plant with polishing unit will be installed to get the best quality of treated water suitable for watering of gardens/Golf course. An appropriate area as per the contours and the wind direction will be selected for locating the plant so that minimum pumping of sewerage is required and the foul smell does not spread within the site and outside. The final disposal point is to be located in consultation with the concern authority.

Table 4.5 Details of wastewater in MLD

Source of wastewater Volume Treatment option

Water Required 14 Treated in STP and part of treated water reused for garden/golf course and in case of disposal to a nearby river or high tide level in case of coastal discharge or then level of the irrigation area to be commanded in case of land disposal. The final disposal point is to be located in consultation with the concern authority. STP capacity 4 x 3 MLD

Wastewater generated 12

4.6 Domestic Sewage Characteristics

S. No

Particulars Units Before Treatment

After Treatment

GSR 422 E - Land of Irrigation

1 Suspended solids Mg/l 100 – 250 <100 <200

2 pH value 6.0 to 8.5 6.0 to 8.5 5.5 to 9.0

3 Oil & Grease Mg/l 10 to 15 <10 < 10

4 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD- 5 days @ 20ºC)

Mg/l 150 to 200 <25 < 100

5 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD

Mg/l 200 to 400 <100

4.4 Impacts on Noise Levels

The major activities which produce periodic noise during construction are as follows:

Piling & Foundation works

Handling Concreting works

Steel cutting and fabrication of structures



Operation of construction equipment

Vehicle movements for transporting construction material Noise is an inherent part of construction activity and response of species / communities would be either attracted or diverted away from the region. Noise generated from diesel engines of etc. could result in movement of mobile faunal species away from area of operation.

4.4.1 Noise mitigation Measures

The impact on noise environment can be made insignificant by adopting the following mitigation measures

Noise generating equipment will be used only during day time for a brief period as per requirements.

Wherever possible, the noise generating equipment will be kept away from the adjoining human habitation.

Temporary thin sheets of sufficient height (3m) will be erected around the project site as barrier for minimizing the noise travel to surrounding area.

All the vehicles entering into the project will be informed to maintain speed limits and not to blow horns unless it is required.

Workers involved in operating major noise generating equipments will be provided with ear plugs/ ear muffs.

4.4.2 Impact due to vibration During the construction activities, vibrations may be envisaged, the vibrations could be result of activities like excavation, piling and movement of heavy equipments etc. 4.4.3 Vibration - Mitigation measures

The machinery equipped with latest vibration-reduction technology shall minimize the vibrations.

The effects of vibrations will be minimized by ensuring construction work stakes place during daytime and weekdays.

4.5 Land Environment 4.5.1Impacts due to Land Acquisition

Shamuka beach is spreaded over 920.04 Acre. Project site is surrounded by Bay of Bengal on the south and Mangala River on its eastern edge. A strip of forests approximately 1200 m wide starts from middle of the site and extends beyond its limits. Apart from this huge chunk of dense plantation there are smaller groups of trees scattered all over the site. The trees are mainly of casuarinas and kikar which cover 36% and 35% respectively.



4.5.1.1 Impacts due to changes in Land Use Pattern The land use analysis from land use map, Forest/ costal plantation covers 28% area of the project site. The site is surrounded by Bay of Bengal on the south and Mangala River on its eastern edge. A strip of forests approximately 1200m wide starts from middle of the site and extends beyond its limits. The other remaining chunk of land is under a single crop and double crop.

Table 4.7 Existing Land use Forest/Coastal

Plantation (Acres) Double Crop

(acres) Crop Land (Kharif)

(acres) CRZ (within 200 mts from HTL) 59.58 7.80 33.10

CRZ (200 mts to 500 mts from HTL) 84.45 32.43 26.50

Developable without condition 113.96 311.66 250.56

Total 257.99 351.89 310.16

Figure 4.3 LULC 10km buffer map



Figure 4.4 Representation of Land use classification

Table 4.8 LULC classification

S.No LULC description Area in Acres % 1 Town 2812.048 3.84

2 Villages 363.243 0.50

3 Plantation 7734.368 10.56

4 Agricultural 25824.88 35.27

5 Current follow 1734.673 2.37

6 Waste land 420.077 0.57

7 Dense scrub 118.610 0.16

8 Open scrub 533.745 0.73

9 River 452.201 0.62

10 Water body (dry) 2046.024 2.80

11 Water body 761.081 1.04

12 Sea 30097.32 41.10

13 Mangrove 323.706 0.44

Total 73221.976 100

4.5.1.2 Land use mitigation measures

The change in land use pattern shall be as per requirement of the proposed project development plan which was certified for tourism development.

The development shall be carried out in such a way to ensure proper drainage by providing surface drainage systems including storm water network etc.

Also during site preparation care shall be taken to avoid any disturbance to the river flowing from north to east of the project site (Mangala River).

The planning shall be in accordance with landscape planning concepts with green areas. The earth material will be balanced by cut and fill quantities within the site. Hence the reduction in transportation/conveyance of earth material to and from the site is envisaged.



4.6 Impact on local Infrastructure Transportation of construction material: Transportation of huge quantities of construction material during construction phase and utility corridor results in use of public infrastructure like roads, railways, drainage, water and power supply which in turn results in extra burden on the existing infrastructure. Construction workers camp: During the construction phase of the project there will be large-scale employment generation in the form of skilled and semi-skilled labours. Also, majority of the works will be sub-contracted. As the construction period is anticipated to span nearly 5 years, temporary workers camps is planned to be set up for semi-skilled labourers in the project area.

4.6.1Local infrastructure Mitigation Measures

To mitigate impacts from transportation of construction material, existing roads will be strengthened where necessary.

Construction materials shall be sourced from Government approved quarries.

Temporary approach roads may be developed/strengthened with prior permission from competent authority.

Truck with construction material susceptible for fugitive suspension will be covered with tarpaulin covers during transport of construction materials.

Transportation management will be adopted for movement of transporting materials and traffic will be regulated.

Vehicles deployed will conform to emission norms (air/noise) of CPCB and have valid Pollution under Control (PUC) certificate.

To avoid/minimize impacts/strain on the existing infrastructure, the worker camp will be self-sufficient and would not rely on any local resources. This would help to avoid any conflict with the local population. To mitigate impacts from health hazards, sanitation facilities will be provided. Further, the worker camps will be located away from the seacoast and habitations.

Following additional mitigation measures shall be followed:

The camp will be adequately equipped with all the necessary facilities such as water supply, power supply, wastewater collection, solid waste collection and sanitation.

The domestic wastes generated from the camps will be disposed at approved disposal sites.

Periodic health check-ups will be undertaken for early detection and control of communicable diseases.

Medical facilities including first aid will be available in the workers camp for attending to injured workers.



4.7 Solid Waste 4.7.1 Impacts due to Solid waste generation Solid waste is likely to be generated in significant amount during the construction phase of the development. Appropriate measures therefore need to be taken to cater f or the adequate disposal of such solid wastes. Improper solid waste disposal may also lead to skin diseases. Moreover solid waste will attract vermins, rats and deteriorate the general aspect of the site and its surroundings. Organic wastes will comprise mainly of domestic refuse like food and garden debris such as fallen leaves. During the construction phase, the inorganic waste likely to be generated will include:

- Concrete rubbles and blocks

- Cement sheets

- Wooden and metallic beams

- Paper, plastic, cartons

- Blocks, rocks, boulders

- Broken tiles, glass debris

- Metal debris, cans and tins

- Wood, straw and timber remains

Organic waste generated during the construction stage will be minimal and shall include leaves, branches, food consumed by workers on site. Poor construction procedures that generate excessive wastes increase construction costs and results in disposal of otherwise valuable resources. The solid waste generated during construction phase may impact soil quality, water quality and public health if not regulated properly. Appropriate measures therefore need to be taken to cater for the adequate disposal of solid wastes generated during construction phase of the project. 4.8 Solid waste mitigation measures

Construction waste will be re-used within plant site for filling of low-lying areas. Other wastes which can be re-cycled will be sold. Recyclable wastes will be disposed through approved OSPCB vendors.

Excavated soil will be stockpiled in a corner of the site in bunded area to avoid run off with storm water.

Excavated stock piled top soil will be reused for horticultural/agricultural purposes

General refuse generated on-site will be collected in waste skips and separated from construction waste.

A local authorised waste handler will be employed to remove general refuse from the site, separately from construction waste and municipal wastes, on regular basis to minimize odour, pest and litter impacts.

The burning of refuse at construction sites will be prohibited. Appropriate fence should be used to prevent propagation of the debris via strong winds.



Table 4.9 Quantity of solid waste generation

Particulars Units Quantity Remarks Hotels, Institutions, Commercial Center and Residential Houses

TPD 8.45 Stored, sort and processing of solid waste under Public and Private partnership and disposed as per the statutory norms

STP dried sludge TPD 0.14 Used as Manure for plants # Recyclable wastes like Paper, cartons, plastics, scrap materials etc. will be sold for further reused and recycle.

Out of 8.45 Tons of solid waste generated, around 15% of the solid waste will be of recyclable (metal, paper, glass, plastic, etc.) nature, around 50% of the waste will be or bio-degradable nature, the remaining 35% will be inert nature (non-biodegradable) which will be disposed to nearest municipal bin are given to local contractor. The biodegradable waste will be processed in the organic converter or vermi composting yard, within the project site and the compost generated will be used as manure for greenbelt development. The details of the organic converter are given below.

Solid Waste

Biodegradabl

e

Non-

Biodegradable

Recyclable

Sold to Local vendors Small Collection

Block Collection

Points

Main Collection

Points

Municipal Solid

Waste

Small Collection

Bins

Block Collection

Points

Main Collection

Points

Organic

converter

Manure

Inerts


Figure 4.5 Solid wastes Management


Table 4.11 Details of the Organic Converter

Technical Specifications

Particulars Specifications Remarks

Input Segregated Organic Waste Waste can be of food waste, animal

waste, garden waste, bio-sludge,

flowers used for pooja, etc.

Model No OWC 130 – Excel Industries Ltd,

Capacity 100 kg per batch

Batch time Maximum of 15 mins

Process Bio mechanical process

Power 8 HP

Area required For converter 3m x 4m; For shed 10m x 10 m

Ingredients Bio-culture “BIOCULUM” 1gm/kg of waste

Out put Homogenized odour free output gets converted to compost in 2 weeks of drying crates

4.9 Soil Pollution & Soil Erosion Soil pollution is defined as the build-up in soils of persistent toxic compounds, chemicals, salts, or disease causing agents, which have adverse effects on plant growth and animal health. Soil is the thin layer of organic and inorganic materials that covers the Earth's rocky surface. The organic portion, which is derived from the decayed remains of plants and animals, is concentrated in the dark uppermost topsoil. The inorganic portion made up of rock fragments, was formed over thousands of years by physical and chemical weathering of bedrock. Productive soils are necessary for agriculture to supply the world with sufficient food and for developing greenbelt in and around the industries / industrial park to minimize the pollution envisaged due anthropogenic activities. Soil pollution can occur due to various activities as mentioned in Table 4.12.

Table 4.12 Types of Soil Pollution S. No Activity Pollution

1 Greenbelt development (fertilizers, pesticides, insecticides, etc.)

i) pollution of surface soil ii) pollution of underground soil

2 Soil pollution by effluents and solid wastes i) pollution of surface soil ii) disturbances in soil profile

3 Pollution due to urban activities i) pollution of surface soil ii) pollution of underground soil

There are many different ways that soil can become polluted, such as: • Discharge of wastewater into the soil • Percolation of contaminated water into the soil • Rupture of fuel storage tanks, leakages from automobiles • Excess application of pesticides, herbicides or fertilizer • Solid waste seepage from storage areas



The most common chemicals involved in causing soil pollution are: • Fuels / Petroleum hydrocarbons • Heavy metals • Pesticides • Solvents A soil pollutant is any factor which deteriorates the quality, texture and mineral content of the soil or which disturbs the biological balance of the organisms in the soil. Pollution in soil has adverse effect on plant growth. Pollution in soil is associated with • Indiscriminate use of fertilizers • Indiscriminate use of pesticides, insecticides and herbicides • Dumping of large quantities of solid waste • Deforestation and soil erosion Soil Erosion is a result of the climate; soil and human activities, there are problems of erosion. Erosion occurs at the locations where the soil is taken from, at the location where the soil mass is transferred through and in the deposit locations where the sediments are settled down. Where ever we go we see the signs of erosion. During and after rainstorms we see the gullies and the ditches in the upper and along the slopes, and in downslope areas covered with deposited soil. In order to repair and eliminate these destructions we need to evaluate the intensity of the erosion process and the reasons that cause it. Soil erosion by water occurs when bare-sloped soil surface is exposed to rainfall, and the rainfall intensity exceeds the rate of soil intake, or infiltration rate, leading to soil-surface runoff. Soil erosion can occur in two stages: 1) detachment of soil particles by raindrop impact, splash or flowing water; and 2) transport of the detached particles by splash or by the flowing water. Therefore, soil erosion is a physical process requiring energy, and its control requires certain measures to dissipate this energy. 4.9.1 Indiscriminate use of fertilizers Soil nutrients are important for plant growth and development. Plants obtain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen from air and water. But other necessary nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur and more must be obtained from the soil. Generally fertilizers are used to correct soil deficiencies. Fertilizers contaminate the soil with impurities, which come from the raw materials used for their manufacture. Mixed fertilizers often contain ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), phosphorus as P2O5, and potassium as K2O. For instance, As, Pb and Cd present in traces in rock phosphate mineral get transferred to super phosphate fertilizer. Since the metals are not degradable, their accumulation in the soil above their toxic levels due to excessive use of phosphate fertilizers becomes an indestructible poison for plants.



4.9.2 Indiscriminate use of pesticides, insecticides and herbicides Plants used for greenbelt are under attack from insects, fungi, bacteria, viruses, rodents and other animals, and must compete with weeds for nutrients. To kill unwanted populations living in or on plants pesticides are used. The first widespread insecticide used is DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) and gammaxene. Insects soon became resistant to DDT and as the chemical did not decompose readily, it persisted in the environment. Since it was soluble in fat rather than water, it biomagnified up the food chain and disrupted calcium metabolism in birds, causing eggshells to be thin and fragile. DDT has been now been banned in most western countries. The most important pesticides are DDT, BHC, chlorinated hydrocarbons, organophosphates, aldrin, malathion, dieldrin, furodan, etc. The remnants of such pesticides used on pests may get adsorbed by the soil particles, which then contaminate root crops grown in that soil. Pesticides not only bring toxic effect on human and animals but also decrease the fertility of the soil. Some of the pesticides are quite stable and their bio- degradation may take weeks and even months. Pesticide problems such as resistance, resurgence, and health effects have caused scientists to seek alternatives. Pheromones and hormones to attract or repel insects and using natural enemies or sterilization by radiation have been suggested. 4.9.3 Dumping of Solid Wastes In general, solid waste includes garbage, domestic refuse and discarded solid materials used for packing, transporting, etc. They contain increasing amounts of paper, cardboards, plastics, glass, old construction material, packaging material and toxic or otherwise hazardous substances. Since a significant amount of urban solid waste tends to be paper and food waste, the majority is recyclable or biodegradable in landfills. Similarly, most agricultural waste such leaves, fruits, flowers fallen is recycled as manure. The portion of solid waste that is hazardous such as oils, battery metals, heavy metals and organic chemicals, solvents are the ones we have to pay particular attention to. These can in the long run, get deposited to the soils of the surrounding area and pollute them by altering their chemical and biological properties. They also contaminate drinking water aquifer sources. More than 90% of hazardous waste is produced by chemical, petroleum and metal-related industries and small businesses such as dry cleaners and gas stations contribute as well. 4.9.4 Deforestation and Soil Erosion Deforestation includes conversion of forestland to farms, ranches, or urban use. Deforestation occurs for multiple reasons: trees are cut down to be used or sold as fuel (sometimes in the form of charcoal) or timber, while cleared land is used as pasture for livestock and plantation. The removal of trees without sufficient reforestation has resulted in damage to habitat, biodiversity loss and aridity, causes soil erosion. It has adverse impacts on bio sequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Deforestation, both naturally occurring and human induced, is an ongoing issue. Deforestation causes extinction, changes to climatic conditions and desertification.


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charcoal

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasture

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reforestation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitat

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversity

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arid

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosequestration

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extinction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desertification


Undisturbed forests have a very low rate of soil loss (erosion), deforestation generally increases rates of soil loss, by increasing the amount of runoff and reducing the protection of the soil from tree litter. Removal of trees does not always increase erosion rates. The trees themselves enhance the loss of grass between tree canopies. The bare inter canopy areas become highly erodible. Tree roots bind soil together, and if the soil is sufficiently shallow they act to keep the soil in place by also binding with underlying bedrock. Tree removal on steep slopes with shallow soil thus increases the risk of landslides, which can threaten people living nearby. 4.9.5 Soil Pollution Mitigation Measures During development phase, top soil at construction places should be scrapped and preserved separately and latter should be used for developing greenbelt and parks. Only the portion of the land which is required to be converted for roads, buildings, etc. should be disturbed rest should not be disturbed. The soil quality in the greenbelt area should be tested for water holding capacity, pH, Organic matter, NPK, etc. And required quantity of fertilizers should be added. Many of the chemicals used in pesticides are persistent soil contaminant, whose impact may endure for decades and adversely affect soil conservation. In case of use of pesticides, insecticides, only the required amount suggested by the concerned officials should be used. The solid waste should be properly collected, segregated, and disposed. Recyclables to authorised vendors, organic waste to compost plant or local municipal authorities Plants, shrubs, vegetable which cover the ground surface well and have extensive root system reduce soil erosion. Plant canopy protect the soil from the adverse effect of rainfall. The grasses and legumes produce dense sod which helps in reducing soil erosion. The vegetation provides organic matter to the soil. As a result, the fertility of soil increases and the physical condition of soil is improves.


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_runoff

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_root

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_root

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedrock

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landslide



Alternative Technologies 5.0 Introduction The analysis of alternatives was an integral part of the project development process through the project cycle. There were site alternatives engineering alternatives, technology alternatives, etc. this chapter provides the various alternatives considered in this project. The Shamuka beach area with its locational advantage of being on the main tourist route, as well as its rich natural beauty, was chosen for the same. No alternate site has been considered as the land required for the project is suitable and available for propose tourism development. The following activities considered during the site analysis.

A reconnaissance survey to study the existing physical features, land use/land cover, ecologically sensitive areas etc.

Connectivity to hinterland and major activity nodes.

Assessment of the existing infrastructure available at the site

Analysis of the proposed location in context of prevailing Legal and Regulatory framework, essentially CRZ norms and any other regulation having an impact on the project e.g. forest cover related regulations.

Identification of social issues, if any, related to the project i.e. rehabilitation requirements. Land Suitability Analysis:

Identification of suitable land for various activities considering existing land use, ecologically sensitive areas etc.

5.1Design Concepts Four Conceptual alternatives were considered for Shamuka Beach project taking into consideration the existing site features and the proposed activities. Table 5.1 shows a comparative statement of different concept alternatives considered for this project. Alternative I: This plan has all the advantages of sea and river front, green environment, ease of traffic movement and investment potential. However it lacks in the basic logistic approach. Alternative II: The advantages of this plan are that it has a good sea front and therefore good investment potential. It also has a proper green environment. However it lacks in ease of traffic movement, logistic approach and river front age. Alternative III: The basic disadvantage of this alternative plan is that it lacks in the river frontage and logistic approach. The advantages of this plan are investment potential, ease of traffic movement, green environment and sea frontage.

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Alternative IV: This has all the advantages of sea and river front, green environment, ease of traffic movement and investment potential.

Table 6.1 below shows a comparative statement

S.No Alternative Sea Frontage River

Frontage Green

Environment Ease of Traffic

movement Investment

potential

1 Alternative I Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 2 Alternative II Yes Yes Yes 3 Alternative III Yes Yes Yes Yes 4 Alternative IV Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Based on the comparative assessment of conceptual alternatives, discussion with the Government of Odisha officials and probable investors, the conceptual alternative IV was selected for further development.

5.2 Building Materials For proposed project following building materials will be used, depending upon the availability and cost some of them will be considered.

Brick and block products with waste and recycled contents such as fly ash, blast furnace slag, sewage sludge, waste wood fiber, etc.

Perforated bricks/Fly ash based lightweight aerated concrete blocks for construction of walls.

Use of precast thin lintels, use of Ferro-cement-sunshade cum lintel, etc.

Use of renewable timber for doors and windows

Use of steel manufactured from recycled content

Aluminum frames, rods, etc. manufactured using recycled aluminum

Saw dust based doors and window frames.

Ferro-cement shutters, PVC doors and windows, Rice husk boards, Natural fiber reinforced polymer composite door panels.

Bamboo based products, bamboo strips boards

Alternatives for finishes include fly ash, ceramic tiles, terrazzo floors, etc.

5.2 Energy Conservation To minimize the use of energy and to conserve the energy some of the energy efficient technologies are to be followed:

The concept of passive solar design emphasizes architectural design approaches that minimize the energy consumption by integrating conventional energy efficient devices, such as mechanical and electrical pumps, fans lighting fixtures, and other equipment, with passive design elements, such as building siting, an efficient envelope, appropriate amounts of fenestration, increased day lighting design, and thermal mass. The basic idea of passive solar design is to allow daylight, heat and airflow into a building only when beneficial. Some of the advanced solar passive techniques proposed to be used are given below.



Glazed windows are located to face the south to receive maximum sunlight in winter. To reduce heat losses during the night these windows are double glazed and have insulating curtains.

Planning to bring maximum day light into a building and distributing it in a way that provides more desirable and better quality illumination than artificial light sources. This reduces the need for electrical light so

Energy efficient lighting devices are planned such as Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), CFLs, tube lights in place of incandescent bulbs.

The energy conservation in the proposed project will be achieved by insisting the individual plot owners about the energy saving methods like using Low-e glass for windows, CFL bulbs, 5 Star rated home appliances, etc.



Environmental Monitoring Program

6.0 Introduction Environmental monitoring programme for the proposed beach area development is formulated. Environmental Monitoring Programme is an important component for environmental management of the project. The project management especially the Environmental Management Cell (EMC) should always go for a rational approach with regards to environmental monitoring. This includes judicious decision making in consultation with institutional stake holders (e.g. Odisha State Pollution Control Board (OSPCB) or reputed environmental consultants f or appropriate changes in the monitoring strategy, i.e., changes in the sampling frequency, sampling location, monitoring parameters and any new/additional requirement.

The following are the main objectives of the environmental monitoring program

Provides information for documentation of monitoring of mitigation measures and impacts.

Tool f or the statutory authority of unanticipated adverse impacts or sudden changes in the environmental condition due to the proposed project.

Provides information that could be used for evaluating the effectiveness of implemented mitigation measures.

Provides information that could be used to verify predicted impacts and thus validate impact prediction techniques.

The efficacy of the mitigation measures being followed during construction and operational phases can be assessed and the measures can be revised, made more stringent and reinforced based on the monitoring results.

Environmental Monitoring can also serve a basic component of a periodic environmental regulatory auditing program f or the proposed project.

The following programme as detailed in the environmental monitoring programme for construction as well as operation phases shall be implemented by project management. Besides the monitoring, the compliances to all environmental clearance conditions and regular permits from OPCB/ MoEFCC shall be monitored and reported periodically. The likely significant impacts and mitigation measures will be also be monitored.

The environmental attributes to be monitored during construction and operational phases of the project, specific description along with technical details of environmental monitoring including the monitoring parameters, methodology, sampling locations and frequency of monitoring are presented below.

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Table 6.1 Environmental Monitoring During Project Construction Stage Potential Impact

Detailed actions to be followed as per EMP Parameters for Monitoring

Frequency of Monitoring

Air Emissions

All construction equipments are operated within specified design parameters.

Random checks of equipment logs/ manuals

Periodic

Vehicle trips to be minimized to the extent possible.

Vehicle logs Periodic

Any dry, dusty materials stored in sealed containers to prevent from blowing.

Stockpiles or open containers of dusty materials.

Periodic

Maintenance of DG set emissions to meet stipulated standards

Gaseous emissions (SO2, NOx)

Periodic

Ambient air quality within the premises of the proposed project

PM, & Gaseous emissions (SO2, NOx,)

As per CPCB/ SPCB requirement

Noise List of all noise generating machinery onsite along with age to be prepared.

Equipment logs, noise reading

Regular

Night working is to be minimized. Working hour records Periodic

Generation of vehicular noise Maintenance of records of vehicles

Periodic

Implement good working practices (equipment selection and siting) to minimize noise and also reduce its impacts on human health (ear muffs, safe distances, and enclosures).

Site working practices records, noise reading

Periodic

Acoustic mufflers / enclosures to be provided in large engines

Mufflers / enclosures shall be in place.

Prior to use of equipment.

Noise to be monitored within the project area. Instant Noise recording

As per CPCB/SPCB requirement

All equipments operated within specified design parameters.

Random checks of equipment logs/ manuals

Periodic

Vehicle trips to be minimized to the extent possible

Vehicle logs Periodic

Wastewater Discharge

No direct discharge of wastewater to be made to surface water, groundwater or soil.

No discharge hoses shall be in vicinity of watercourses.

Periodic

The discharge point would be selected properly and sampling and analysis would be undertaken prior to discharge

Discharge norms for effluents as given in Permits

Periodic

Take care in disposal of wastewater generated such that soil and groundwater resources are protected.

Discharge norms for effluents as given in permits



Potential Impact

Detailed actions to be followed as per EMP Parameters for Monitoring

Frequency of Monitoring

Soil Erosion Minimize area extent of site clearance, by staying within the defined boundaries

Site boundaries not extended / breached as per plan

Periodic

Protect topsoil stockpile Effective cover in place.

Periodic

Drainage and effluent Management

Ensure drainage system and specific design measures are working effectively. The design to incorporate existing drainage pattern and avoid disturbing the same.

Visual inspection of drainage and records thereof

Periodic

Waste Management

Implement waste management plan that identifies and characterizes every waste arising associated with proposed activities and which identifies the procedures for collection, handling & disposal of each waste arising.

Comprehensive Waste Management Plan should be in place and available for inspection on-site.

Periodic

Non-routine events and accidental releases

Plan will be drawn, considering likely emergencies and steps required to prevent / limit consequences.

Mock drills and records of the same

Periodic

6.1 Operation Phase During operational stage, continuous air emissions and wastewater generation are expected. The following attributes which merit regular monitoring based on the environmental setting and nature of project activities are listed below:

Source emissions and ambient air quality;

Ground water quality;

Wastewater quality

Solid waste characterisation (STP sludge, domestic waste);

Soil quality;

Noise levels and

Greenbelt. Table 6.2 Environmental Monitoring During Operational Phase

Potential Impact Action to be Followed Parameters for Monitoring Frequency of Monitoring

Air Emissions Emissions from DG sets PM, SO2, and NOX As per CPCB/ SPCB requirement AAQ within the project

premises and nearby habitations (3 places at 120º) to be monitored.

PM10, PM2.5, SO2 & NOx

All vehicles used to be PUC certified.

CO, PM Once in six months

Noise DG set and ambient noise LEQ’s Noise Level Periodic during operation



Potential Impact Action to be Followed Parameters for Monitoring Frequency of Monitoring

along roads recording phase

Wastewater Discharge

Compliance to wastewater discharge standards.

pH, TSS, TDS, BOD, COD & Oil& grease

Periodic or As per CPCB/ SPCB requirement

Solid waste Check compliance to MSW rules.

Quality & Quantity monitoring

Periodic

Ground Water Quality and Water Levels

Monitoring ground water quality, around project site and levels

Important parameters of IS 10500, groundwater levels

Periodic

Flora and Fauna Vegetation, greenbelt / green cover development

Number of plants and species.

Once a year

Soil quality Checking & Maintenance of good soil quality around

Physico-chemical parameters and metals.

Once a year

6.3 Environmental Management Cell S.No Particulars No.

1 General Manager 1 2 Manager 3 3 Asst. Manager 4 4 Executives 8 5 Operators 16

6.2 Environmental Monitoring Facilities Since the proposed project being a beach area development project the services of external laboratories and facilities for the routine monitoring of air, water, soil, meteorology and noise will be utilized on need basis. The environmental monitoring programme in terms of parameters, location and frequency shall be formulated as per the stipulations laid by OPCB/ MoEFCC in their respective Environmental Clearance/Consent To Establish (CTE)/ Consent To Operate (CTO).

Plantation Monitoring Programme During operation phase periodic monitoring of plantation growth, manuring, watering, pruning, and replacement will be performed in order to properly maintain vegetation, greenbelt, landscape and green cover. It is suggested to plant shrubs or plants with 1 or 2 m height in utility corridor to avoid bird nesting/resting on the plants. 6.3 Compliance Reporting Schedules of the Monitoring Data The General Manager/environmental monitoring in-charge shall co-ordinate with external laboratories and data thus generated shall be regularly furnished to the State regulatory agencies. The frequency of reporting shall be on six monthly bases to the local state PCB officials and to Regional office of MoEFCC or as per conditions mentioned in CFE/CFO or EC.

Half yearly compliance reports in respect of the stipulated prior environmental clearance terms and conditions on June 01 and December 01 of every calendar year.



Environmental statement f or the financial year ending March 31 to state PCB on or before September 30 every year.

6.4 On-site Mock Drills Requirements On-site mock drills are very important as it helps employees to be aware of the safety procedures and how to react during the time of crisis. Conducting mock drills at regular intervals enhances preparedness and checks the viability of environmental/ disaster management plan. Mock drills are essential f or the following reasons:

Helps in revising/ improving the environmental/ disaster management plan

Helps to evaluate whether the responsible officials are trained efficiently f or the unforeseen event

To ensure efficient environmental/disaster management, tourism authority/ EHS department/ EMP cell shall conduct periodic on-site mock drills in case of occurrence of the following activities:

Fire; Natural calamities (cyclones, floods, earthquakes, Tsunami)

Power break down

LPG gas explosion

Oil spill

Bomb threats; War alerts/terrorist attacks Mock drills should also involve f ire department, police, municipal authorities, hospitals and other department/agencies that are mandated to provide emergency support. Documenting the outcome of mock drills is an important aspect as this helps in revising the existing plan more efficiently.

6.4 Budgetary Provision for EMP In order to comply with the environmental protection measures as suggested in the above sections, the management has made a budgetary provision for Environmental Protection and Safety measures. The budget for the components of the EMP will be part of the project cost while the recurring expenditure will be met by the maintenance charges collected from the society formed on the monthly basis. Both capital and recurring are given in Table 6.3.



Table 6.3 Cost towards Environmental Mitigation Measures

S.No Particulars Details Budget Rs. in Crore

Capital Recurring

1 Air Pollution Control Air Pollution Control Equipment 0.50 0.005

2 Water Pollution Control

Sewerage System 5.00 0.05

Strom Water Drain and Network 7.78 0.0778

Sewage Treatment and Disposal 17.15 0.1715

3 Noise pollution control Acoustics enclosure for DG Sets 0.02 0.0002

4 Pollution monitoring Laboratory testing equipment 0.01 0.0001

5 Occupational health

Firefighting equipment (portable) 1.75 0.0175

Firefighting equipment (Fixed) 1.25 0.0125

Personal protective equipment 0.01 0.0001

6 Greenbelt Maintenance 0.08 0.0008

7 Miscellaneous 0.01 0.0001

Total 33.56 0.3356

Note: Proposed investment is coming around 23 % of project cost



Additional Studies

7.0 Introduction A systematic Risk Analysis will help in identification of the hazards and associated risk. For the project, Risk analysis study has been carried out to assess risks associated with the construction and operation of the proposed development. The risk assessment thus carried out also provides inputs for formulating the onsite Disaster Management Plan (DMP). The Risk Analysis was broadly divided into three categories.

Hazard Identification

Failure Frequency

Consequence or Effect and Damage calculations

7.1 Risk Assessment Risk assessment is defined in this study as a technique that aims to identify and estimate risks to personnel and property impacted upon by a project. Traditional risk assessment for construction has been synonymous with probabilistic analysis. Such approaches require events to be mutually exclusive, exhaustive, and conditionally independent. However, construction involves many variables, and it is often difficult to determine causality, dependence and correlations. As a result, subjective analytical methods that rely on historical information and the experiences of individuals and companies have been used to assess the impact of construction risk and uncertainty.

7.1.1 Major Hazards The major hazards anticipated in any major area development projects are illustrated below.

Hazardous pertaining to fires in buildings

Fire in diesel storage areas, garbage storage areas and disposal areas

Natural disasters viz. Earthquakes, flooding, etc.

LPG gas leak

Electrical accidents

Flooding from man-made causes

7.2 Disaster Management Plan (DMP) Emergency prevention through good design, operation, maintenance and inspection are essential to reduce the probability of occurrence and consequential effect of such eventualities. The overall objective of the DMP/Emergency Response Plan (ERP) is to make use of the combined resources at the site and outside services to achieve the following.

Localize the emergency on property and people

Minimize effects on property and people

Effective rescue and medical treatment

Evacuation.

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7.2.1 Hazard Control Measures 7.2.1.1 Fires To increase the level of safety in hotels, residential villas, convention center, other built-up areas, installation of smoke alarms or automatic fire detection /alarm systems will be proposed as an early warning of fire to the occupants. Smoke alarms to be positioned in circulation areas between sleeping spaces, in places where fires are most likely to start such as kitchens or living rooms, to pick up smoke in the early stages of a fire, close enough to bedroom doors to be effective when people are asleep.

To prevent fire mishaps and to manage the emergency situation during fire in the proposed project the following activities and precautions are proposed.

Emergency evacuation plans are important for all hotels, convention center, etc., and the same will be prepared as per Fire & Safety rules.

It will be advised to keep oxygen cylinders, medical kits and masks for higher floor occupants to prevent smoke inhalation especially for those with respiratory disorders for whom smoke inhalation can be very dangerous.

Property manager or owners association will be advised to ensure that the firefighting equipments are in good working conditions.

Every floor will be provided with sufficient firefighting gadgets (water, soil, cylinders) Simple steps to be followed during emergency are as follows. Call the fire rescue department: During fire in hotel, convention center or any other area, leave the premises by nearest available exit. Call fire department and do not assume anyone else has called the fire department. Never use lift for leaving the premises during emergency. If your cloth catches fire, do not get panic or run, stop, drop and roll. Cover your nose and mouth with a wet clean cloth: Stay calm cover your nose and mouth with a wet, clean cloth to prevent smoke inhalation injury and choking. Never jump off or attempt to climb down the side of a tall building as it will mean certain death. Do not run: During a fire, smoke containing poisonous gases such as CO tends to rise up. When you run in a smoke filled room, you tend to inhale the smoke faster. CO dulls the senses and prevents clear thinking, leading to panic. To prevent being asphyxiated, dip tissues or cloth in water and cover your noise with it. Head-count of the occupants: During an emergency, make good use of the evacuation procedure and help each other to reach out of building safely. Ensure nobody is left behind by doing a head-count of occupants. Visitors should read and understand the evacuation plan before going into a hotel, convention center and ensure their safety.



7.2.1.2 Natural Disasters Disasters occur without notice. Most disasters are natural such as earthquake, floods, hurricanes, sandstorms, landslides, tsunamis and volcanoes. We have no way of stopping them, but we can learn to deal with the difficult situations that arise due to them. During disasters like floods, fire, earth quake, landslides, rescue beings at home. Even before external help arrives, people affected by the disasters help each other. The government and many voluntary organizations send teams of workers trained in rescue operations to disaster-affected areas. These teams join hands with the local community helpers such as doctors, nurses, social workers and policemen. Temporary shelters are built for displaced people. Doctors and nurses provide medical aid. They treat the wounded and work to control epidemics. Social workers collect food and cloth from all over the country for the disaster-affected people. The police maintain law and order. Media –persons help in spreading news about the victims and their conditions. They also post advertisements that urge people to donate for victims. In extreme conditions, the army and Air force organize rescue operations. They clear roads, send medical teams and help to move people to safer places. The air force drops food, water and clothes in the affected areas. Organization like UN helps in providing aid during massive disasters. Individually, people from all over the world also come forward to help during a disaster. They donate blood while many donate money. Some even reach the disaster affected places to give an extra hand in the rescue operation. Families adopt children who have lost their parents and thus give them a new home.

What you can do in case disaster strikes are given below

If there is a tornado, take shelter in a place without windows.

In an earthquake, remember to crouch under some heavy furniture or stand under the doorframe for cover.

In case of a fire in the building, leave the building by the stairs. Do not use a lift.

If the house is flooded, then climb up to the roof.

Do not use the telephone, except to call for help, so as to leave telephone lines free for the organization of response.

Listen to the messages broadcast by radio and the various media so as to be informed of development.

Carry out the official instructions given over the radio or by loudspeaker.



Keep a family emergency kit ready. In all the different types of emergency, it is better to be prepared than to get ready, to get information so as to get organized, to wait rather that act too hastily

During floods turn off electricity to reduce the risk of electrocution

As soon as flood begins, take vulnerable people (old, children, sick, etc) to upper floor

Beware of water contamination, wait until the water is declared safe before drinking or boil the water before drinking

Clean and disinfect the room that is flooded

During storms and hurricanes do not go out in a car or a boat once the storm has been announced

If caught outside in a storm, take refuge as quickly as possible in shelter (never under a tree), if there is no shelter, lie down flat in a ditch.

In a thunderstorm keep away from doors, windows, and electrical conductors, unplug electrical appliances and television aerials. Do not use any electrical appliances or the telephone

During earthquake keep calm, do not get panic, People who are indoors should stay there but move to the central part of the building, people who are outside should stay there, keeping away from buildings to avoid collapsing walls and away from electrical cables. Anyone in a vehicle should park it, keeping away from bridges and buildings.

During spread of clouds of toxic fumes, close doors and windows, seal any cracks or gaps around windows and doors with adhesive tape. Organize a reserve of water (by filling wash basins, baths, etc. Turn off ventilators and air conditioners.

7.2.1.3 LPG Gas Leak Prevention and Precautions during Leakage The safety norms to be followed in the Kitchen for use of LPG fuel for cooking are as follows

1. Kitchen should be properly ventilated with a window and an escape door. 2. Kitchen should be separate and not part of living-room / bedroom. 3. Gas stove should be placed away from the window to avoid direct draft. 4. No direct fan on the Kitchen. 5. No direct fan on the gas stove. 6. Gas stove to be placed on a platform above the level of the cylinder. 7. The platform should not be made of flammable material. 8. Cylinder should not be placed in a completely enclosed compartment. 9. Cylinder should not be placed in sump below the ground level. 10. Rubber tube should be visible. 11. Rubber tube should not have outside metal covering. 12. No loose electric wiring in the kitchen. 13. No shelf on top of the gas stove. 14. No parallel electric oven should along with LPG stove / oven. 15. No refrigerator in the kitchen.



The precautions before disconnecting and connecting cylinder are given below. 1. Put off all naked flames & fires. 2. Open doors & windows. 3. Check for leak before connecting.

If you smell the gas the precautions to be taken are given below 1. Close all burner knobs. 2. Put off all fires and Open flames (Kerosene stove, candle etc.). 3. Do not light a match. 4. Switch off knobs of cylinder adopters & pressure regulators. 5. Open all doors and windows. 6. If gas smell persists call your Gas Distributor. 7. Do not operate any electrical switches. 8. Detach the adopters & regulators from cylinder valves. 9. Inform the Distributor/Emergency Service Cell.

General tips for safe use of cooking gas are given below. 1. A cylinder upright is a cylinder right. 2. Always keep the gas stove/burner on a platform above the cylinder level. 3. Do not keep cylinder below floor level. 4. Do not place cylinder inside a closed compartment. 5. Do not accept a cylinder without its safety cap fixed on the valve. 6. Retain safety cap with nylon thread attached to the cylinder. 7. Fix safety cap on the valve when cylinder is not connected. 8. Do not keep cylinder in the hot sun. 9. Check rubber tube/pigtails regularly for cracks. 10. Wipe rubber tubes/pigtails with a wet cloth at the end of the day work. 11. Replace defective rubber tube with ISI approved tube only. 12. Rubber tube should not be longer than 1.5 Meters. 13. Use approved rubber hose only. 14. Always keep rubber tube/pigtails uncovered and visible. 15. Do not insert rubber tube by applying oil or soap. 16. If rubber tube is cracked at ends, snip off ends and re-fix. 17. Do not pass rubber tube/pigtails through hole or pipe on cooking platform. 18. Do not keep the rubber tube/pigtail twisted or looped. 19. No external pressure to be applied on the rubber tube/pigtail. 20. While changing rubber tube, push it over full length of the nozzle. 21. Leakage from rubber tube/pigtail? Do not cover the leakage with plastic bags or cloth;

replace the rubber tube/pigtail. 22. Do not place refrigerator in the kitchen. 23. Do not have curtains on the windows in the kitchen. 24. Avoid naked flames and inflammable material near the gas installation.



25. Do not place shelves above the gas stove/burner. 26. Never place a fan above your gas stove/burner. 27. Cooking platform should not be made of inflammable material. 28. No direct draft of air over the gas stove/burner. 29. No source of heat or flame should be brought close to the gas installation. 30. When full cylinder is received, check for its seal, otherwise you may have received a

cylinder with defective valve. 31. Do not smoke while receiving refills. 32. Put off all naked flames before changing a cylinder. 33. Do not operate electric switches while changing a cylinder. 34. While receiving a refill, check for its proper functioning. 35. Strike match first, then open burner knob. 36. It is safer to use a matchstick to light the burner. 37. Use cotton apron while cooking. 38. Never leave vessels unattended on a burning gas stove. 39. Clothes are for wearing, not for pan handling. Use a potholder. 40. Close burner and regulator/adopter knobs at nights. 41. Do not allow children to play inside the kitchen. 42. Fire in the building? Close burner & regulator knobs. Disconnect rubber tube. Remove

cylinder to safe place. 43. Do not put LPG cylinders into water tanks or wells 44. Do not keep kerosene, spirit, matches etc., within reach of children. 45. No nylon clothes while cooking always use cotton apron. 46. Place vessels such that the handles face sideways, being easy to remove 47. If you smell gas close regulator/adopter and burner knobs immediately. 48. If you smell gas put off all flames. 49. If you smell gas do not operate electric switches. 50. If you smell gas open all doors and windows. 51. Use safety cap to stop valve leak, if any. 52. If you detect gas leakage, contact your distributor immediately 53. Gas leak after office hours? Contact Emergency Service Cell. 54. Never trace leakage with an open flame. 55. Self-repair is unsafe. Call distributor's mechanic. 56. Clean burner holes with soft wire only. 57. While cleaning burner knobs, take care that the markings are not erased. 58. Never dip main frame/body of gas stove in water. 59. Clean mixing tube using stiff bottlebrush. 60. Do not change the color of the cylinder. 61. Get replacement/spares from your distributor only. 62. Entertain gas delivery boys & mechanics with identity badges only. Do not encourage

unauthorized persons. 63. Never allow mechanics to take away defective regulator or cylinder without replacement.



7.2.1.4 Electrical Accidents Electrical hazards can cause burns, shocks, and electrocution which can lead to serious injury and even death. When dealing with potentially serious electrical hazards stop and think! Instead of taking a chance and risking your personal safety, call trained professionals to handle problems. Many times in residential homes, people prefer to take electrical matters into their own hands. Other small aspects of electrical repair in a business setting may be taken care of without needing professional service technicians. If you do decide to take matters into your own hands, safety precautions can avoid injuries and other losses. 7.2.1.5 Prevention of Electrical Accidents Flexible cords connected to appliance should be wired to confirm to the international colour code. Colour of the insulation on the wire is:

Brown represents live wire,

Blue represents neutral wire and

Green/yellow stripes represent earth wire. What you should look for when selecting an electrical appliance is given below:

a. The appliance should be suitable for operation on local electrical supply of 240 volts AC and frequency of 50 Hz.

b. The appliance should preferably be tested and certified by a national or reputed standards testing authority.

c. Look for certified plugs on the flexible cords connected to the appliances. If the appliance is double insulated and has a 2-pin plug, then it should be fitted with a suitable certified plug.

d. An essential formality when buying any appliances is a duly completed guarantee card with the dealers/retailer's official stamp and details of the appliance (serial number, etc.).

Safety precautions to be taken when using electrical appliances

a. Avoid using handheld appliances when your hand and/or body are wet. b. Do not use or leave appliances where liquid can splash onto them. c. Flexible cords connecting the appliance and the plug should be in good condition, if the

cord is frayed, chaffed, cut or melted, have the entire cord replaced by a competent person. d. Check accessories such as plugs attached to appliances for cracks and burnt marks and have

them replaced. If undue overheating occurs or burnt marks appear in any electrical appliance, have it checked

Some common causes of electrical accidents in the house

a. Faulty house wiring: This usually occurs when un-authorised extension or rewiring is done by unqualified persons. Some of the usual faults are the omission of earth wires and



the reversing of the live and neutral wires. Without an earth wire, the exposed metal parts of appliances may deliver a lethal shock to the user when a fault develops.

b. Improper flexible cords: This can be caused by connecting the flexible cord wrongly to the plug. In the case of appliances which have exposed metallic parts, a 2-core instead of a 3-core flexible cord is used. When the appliance is faulty, the exposed metal parts may become live and a fatal accident could result.

c. Faulty appliance: Attempts to repair faults in electrical appliances by people not trained to do so can result in accidental shock.

To prevent Electrical accidents, the following points should be kept in mind:

All electrical wiring, rewiring or extension work must be carried out by licensed electrical contractors. On completion, the contractors should test before electricity supply is connected.

Repair of appliances and replacement of flexible cords should be carried out only by competent persons.

To ensure electrical safety in the house, a current-operated Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (ELCB) or Residual Current Circuit Breaker (RCCB) set to operate at a very small leakage current is recommended. (This is usually marked 100mA or 0.1A on the label).

In case of dangerous electrical leakage to earth, it should automatically cut off the supply of electricity.

DO NOT repair your own electrical appliances. Engage the services of a competent technician.

PREVENT children from meddling with socket outlets. It may cause a tragic accident. DO NOT use multi-way adaptors. Over loading can cause fire. One socket outlet is for one

appliance only. DO NOT carry out wiring extension by your-self. Engage a licensed wiring contractor for

the work. DO NOT use a two-way lighting adaptor for any extension. DO NOT connect any electrical appliance to lighting outlets. A lighting outlet does not

have an earth wire to prevent danger. ENSURE the switch is in "OFF" position before changing bulbs. DO NOT make joints to lengthen the lead of the electrical appliances. If the lead wire is

worn out or too short, replace it with a new wire. DO NOT drive nails carelessly on the wall. There may be concealed wiring inside. USE individual socket outlet for every electrical appliance. KEEP AWAY from danger areas such as a substation for whatsoever reasons. CHECK before carrying out excavation work to prevent damaging any underground cable.

The operator may receive severe electric shock or even be electrocuted. TAKE PRECAUTION when working in the vicinity of overhead lines to avoid any

unforeseen incident.



DO NOT meddle with any broken overhead wire. Report the matter immediately to the nearest electric office.

DO NOT climb any electric pole. You may receive an electric shock or get electrocuted. DO NOT throw anything onto the overhead lines. NEVER attempt to retrieve anything stuck to overhead lines by whatever means. DO NOT climb transmission line towers. No one is safe from its high voltage shock. DO NOT erect any structure close to transmission lines. DO NOT fly kites close to overhead lines. TAKE PRECAUTION when working in the vicinity of overhead lines to avoid any

unforeseen incident. NEVER stand on a damp or wet surface when using electrical equipment. USE a portable electrical tool, which is properly earthed. DO NOT tap electrical power without a proper plug. DO NOT use any electrical tool which has a damaged casing, cap, switch, lead or plug. BEFORE using portable electrical appliances and tools, always check for:

o Worn or defective insulation o Loose or broken connection o Earth wire connection

7.2.1.6 First Aid and Emergency Procedures Burns are caused by dry heat such as fire, electricity, strong acids and alkalies. Details of the first aid for burns are given in Table 7.1.

Table 7.1 First Aid for Burns

Burns Covering Small Area Burns Covering Extensive Area i. Allow cold tap water to run gently over the

area or immerse in cold water. ii. It may be necessary to cover with gauze or a

clean handkerchief, and bandage.

i. Allow person to lie down. ii. Cover burned areas with sterile dressing or

clean cloth and lightly bandage. iii. If clothing is adhering, do not disturb; leave

the clothing alone. iv. Keep person warm. If person is not

nauseated, he may have sips of water. v. Arrange for immediate medical care. (Call

108 for ambulance.) Note: Do not use ointments, greases, pastes or powder on burned area. Do not prick the blisters caused by burns. Tetanus Immunization Protection against tetanus should be considered whenever the skin is broken by injuries



Against electrical shock i. If possible switch off current.

ii. If not, remove casualty from contact with electric source using non-conductive articles like a dry broom handle or dry rope.

iii. Do not touch patient directly, with object that conducts electricity. (Examples of electric conductors: iron, metal, wet clothing, etc.)

iv. Give Rescue Breathing (Artificial Respiration if breathing has stopped.

v. Arrange for emergency medical care. (Call 108 for ambulance.)

Artificial Respiration, Rescue Breathing Technique To be used for a person who has CEASED BREATHING due to drowning, choking, electric shock or other causes.

i. Wipe out any fluid vomitus, mucus or other objects from the mouth with fingers. Be certain to reach into the throat with finger in case there is an object blocking the throat. Remove clothing to expose chest.

ii. Place person on his back, place hand or soft object under neck, and keep the head tilted back as far as possible.

iii. Grasp the angles of the jaw below the ears and lift the jaw so that it juts forward. This will keep the tongue away from the back of the throat, so that air can get in.

iv. Pinch nose with your fingers and blow breath into mouth with smooth, steady action until the chest is felt of seen to rise.

v. Allow lungs to empty. This action should be repeated at the normal breathing rate, i.e. 12-15 times a minute.

vi. The purpose is to make the chest move as it would normally.

vii. Have someone contact physician.


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7.3.1 Background Odisha, Bhubaneswar as its capital is divided into three broad regions: The coastal plains, the middle mountainous range and the plateaus. The state is situated on the eastern coast of India with the waters of the Bay of Bengal swirling along its eastern and southeastern boundaries with an area of about 1,55,707 square kilometers. The State Government through Orissa Tourism Development Corporation (OTDC) has decided to develop Shamuka Beach near Puri as a self-contained, high end, exclusive luxury tourism destination aimed at providing a one stop rejuvenation facility for the mind, body and soul. The estimated water demand to the proposed project is about 14 MLD. The OTDC is received approval from PHD through surface water sources. Apart from this, it is also proposed 2 MLD of water, for construction activity, through the available Groundwater sources within the site. In order to evaluate the available groundwater sources, detailed hydro geological investigations were conducted in and around the project site. The technical details are synthesized in this report. 7.3.2. Study Area The distance to Shamuka Beach site from Puri is 8 kms and from Bhubaneswar is 60 kms. It can be accessed through Puri-Brahamgiri road which is approximately 3 kms away. IDCO is constructing a proper two lane road from the Puri-Brahamgiri road to the site. The nearest railway station is at Puri which is approximately 8 kms from the site. Bhubaneswar is the nearest Airport i.e. 60 kms from the site.

The area features in the SOI Top sheets No 74 E/9, E/10 & E/ 13 extending from Latitude 190 47’ 08.65’’ N and Longitude 850 46’ 08.52’’ E. The Bay of Bengal in South, Mangala River in the North East and Bhagavathpatna are near to the project site.

7.3.3. Location and Extent of the Project The Shamuka Beach site is on the sea to the South of Puri, between Puri town and Chilika Lake alongside the Bay of Bengal. The Mangala River which separates Puri town from Shamuka Beach adjoins one side of the project site. The selected location is a site of unmatched natural beauty with a 2000 meters long sea frontage and another 2000 meters of Riverfront on its adjacent side. While the entire Shamuka Beach Project is envisaged to come up on over 3000 acre of land, the first phase is designed to be spread over 920.04 acre of land that has already been acquired by the Government of Odisha for this purpose. The State Government is developing the necessary support infrastructure in the area like roads, water, electricity and telecommunications etc. Water requirement for the project during construction reported by OTDC is about 2 MLD. The requirement of water to be met from ground water resource. The project area is close to the Bay of Bengal and fresh ground water availability is very limited.


http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/orissa/bhubaneshwar.htm


7.3.4. Climate The climate of the town is humid to subtropical with Annual Max. Temp of 37oC & min. Temp is 13.9oC. Average annual rainfall is 1580 mm. The Predominant wind pattern varies from June to October and it is from South-West direction bringing monsoon rains. The rest of the period experiences a wind pattern, which is either from N and NE or S and SE direction. Relative Humidity in Rainy Season: 84%; Winter: 72%; Summer: 76% 7.3.5. Surface drainage Mangala River which is the tributary of the Brahmani River is running parallel to the east side of the project site boundary. A small canal from Mangala River passes through the project site from the east to west side on the upper edge of the project site. Fig.1 represents the confluence of Mangala River, which is flowing east of project site, with Bay of Bengal.

Figure 7.1 Confluence of Mangala River with Bay of Bengal



7.3.6. Site Topography

In general the topography of the project site is almost flat with low gradient (refer Fig.2 &2a). The slope is towards north with the Beach being at a higher level. Apart from this huge chunk of dense plantation, there are smaller group of trees scattered all over the site.

Figure 7. 2 Project Site Area Showing Flat Terrain with Low Gradient



Figure 7.3 Topographical map of the study area (10 Km buffer)

7.3.7. Geology and Geomorphology

Geologically the area is covered by recent to sub recent sediment deposits forming the narrow coastal tract. The lithological assemblage is characterized by the cyclic sedimentation of sand and gravel with subordinate clay. The recent and sub recent formations consist of sediments of varied thickness and occur along the coastal belt. These deposits consist of clay, sand, gravel and pebbles. The dune sand occurs along the sea coast, which has been formed due to wind action. The area forms a part of the narrow elongated coastal alluvial tract consisting of various coastal geomorphic features such as deltaic plain, older alluvial plain, younger alluvial plain, beach ridges, coastal sand dunes and mud flats etc formed due to sedimentation under different climatic conditions and marine transgression at different geological times. The coastal sand dunes occur almost parallel to the present day shore line and the width of this division varies from few 100 m to 7 km. The geomorphic features are of fluvio-marine and Aeolian origin. The geomorphology of the area is shown in Figures 7.4 & 7.5.



Figure 7.4 Geological map within 10km Radius of the Study Area

Figure 7.5 Geo-morphological Map within 10km Radius of the Study Area



7.3.8. Geophysical Investigations In–order to have detailed information about the occurrence of subsurface lithological layers their nature and thickness; Electrical Resistivity Tests (ERT) were conducted in the proposed project site. These tests were conducted at 9 possible locations. Figure 7.6 represents the location of 9 ER Tests conducted within the site. Several surface geophysical methods are deployed to reach the purpose. All these methods rely upon the principle that each lithological assemblage has independent physical properties. Identification of a property helps to recognize the formation. One such property easily detectable is its electrical character, for the passage of known strength of current. At every testing location the detailed information was collected up to 50m depth from the surface. There are two popular surface electrical resistivity methods are in practice namely, Schlumberger and Werner configurations. The Schlumberger method of Electrical Resitivity Test (ERT) has been used in the present study.

Figure 7.6 Location Map of ERT and IFT Conducted within the Project Site

7.3.8.1. ERT Methodology In ERT method, current is sent into the ground through a pair of electrodes called current electrodes and resulting potential difference across the ground is measured with the help of another pair of

electrodes called potential electrodes. The ratio between the potential difference (ΔV) and the current (I) gives the resistance (R), which depends on the electrode arrangement and on the resistivity of the subsurface formations. In Schlumberger configuration, all the four electrodes are kept in a line.



The outer electrode spacing is kept large, compared to the inner electrode spacing, usually more than 5 times. The disposition of electrodes for Schlumberger configuration is shown in Figure 7.7. The apparent resistivity for this configuration is computed with the formula

a = k R

Where ‘k’ is the constant = [(ab/2)2 – (mn/2)2] MN ‘ab’ is current electrode spacing and ‘mn’ is potential electrode spacing

R = V / I The apparent resistivity values obtained with increasing values of electrode separations are used to estimate the thickness and resistivity of the subsurface formations. The plot between apparent resistivity and the distance between any two successive electrodes separation is used for analysis of thickness and resistivities of the subsurface formations. The resistivity data is to be interpreted (analyzed) in terms of physical parameters viz., resistivity and thickness of the formations and these parameters in-turn, along with hydro geological information are to be used to infer the nature of subsurface formations. In the present study Inverse Slope method of interpretation is used to interpret the data.

Figure 7.7 Schlumberger Configurations

7.3.8.2. DC Resistivity Meter For field application of Schlumberger electrical configuration and obtaining the resistivity data, the DC Resistivity Meter Model DDR-3 of IGIS make is used. It is having features with high quality data acquisition capability as well as for its field worthiness. The meter consists of two units, a current unit and a potential unit. While the current unit serves the purpose of sending the required output of constant current, the potential unit provides an accurate measurement and display of



potential/resistance values directly over a liquid crystal display. The field measurements for DC resistivity investigations basically involves sending a known strength of current into the ground through the current electrodes and observing the resulting voltage across the potential electrodes, to get the resistance values. The instrument has the facility to provide the operator the direct readout of these resistance values on liquid crystal display. Figure 7.8 Shows the Resistivity Meter used in the present study.

Figure 7.8 DC Resistivity Meter

7.3.8.3. Results of Resistivity Data The Resistivity Information collected from the 9 selected ERT points located in the proposed project site are analyzed/ interpreted using inverse slope software. It is inferred from the analysis of field resistivity data; there are four different lithological layers present up to 50m bgl viz. a low compacted Younger Marine Sediments consisting Sand and Silt this layer is exhibiting very low resistivity

values i.e <10 Ωmts. This layer is present at all the ERT locations. A zone of compacted sandy silt formation anticipated below the younger marine sediments. It is

exhibiting a resistivity range of 10-20 Ωmts. The higher side of the resistivity will indicate the nature of compactness within the marine sediments. Hence it can be designated as Older Marine Sediments. This layer is also present at all the ERT locations. Below the marine formations a zone of laterite is continued up to the total depth of investigation. Based on the observed resistivity and with the help of surrounding village wells information, The Laterite formation is further sub-divided in to two zones Viz. Fractured Laterite and Massive Laterite. The vertical dispositions of these formations are represented in ERT logs individually in the subsequent pages.




7.3.9 Surface Soil Infiltration Tests Infiltration is one of the characteristic properties of soil. Water entering into the soil at the surface is called infiltration. Infiltration rate is dependent upon the nature and proportion of clay and sand, the type of vegetation, the granularity, angularity and texture of sand. Infiltration rates are high in sandy soils and low in clayey soils. 7.3.9.1 Plan of Work Surface soil infiltration tests were conducted at 3 representative locations within the proposed site using Double Ring Infiltrometer (Figure 7.9). The test -1 is placed near ERT 1, test-2 is near ERT 5 and test-3 is at ERT 9. Figure 7.6 represents the location map of infiltration tests within the proposed site.

Figure 7.9 Surface Soil Infiltration Test using Double Ring Infiltrometer

7.3.9.2 Theory Water entering the soil at the surface is called Infiltration. The Infiltration rate ‘f” at any time‘t’ is given by Horton’s equation.

f = fc + (fo – fc) e-kt where

fo = Initial rate of infiltration capacity at time to fc = Final constant rate of infiltration at saturation k = A constant depending primarily upon the soil and vegetation it is equal to

fo – fc

F


e = base of natural Logarithm = 2.71828

Fc = Shaded area in Figure 7.10. For any two points x, y on the curve against time t1, t2 and infiltration rates f1, f2

log(f1-f2) - log(f2-fc)

k = log(t2 – t1)

7.3.9.3 Methodology Infiltration tests were conducted by adopting Double Ring Infiltrometer method. In this method two PVC rings of 15 cm and 7.5 cm diameter are driven into ground so that they penetrate into soil uniformly without any tilt or undue disturbance of soil surface up to a depth of about 5 cm, after driving is completed, soil disturbed adjacent to the sides is tampered gently. Clean water is poured into rings to maintain depth of about 25 cm water column in both the inner and outer rings. Fall in water column inside the ring is recorded periodically at close intervals of 2/3 minutes in the beginning and increased interval of 5 minutes subsequently. Water is added immediately after each measurement into both the rings to maintain original constant depth of 25 cm. Fall of water level between two successive readings and total fall of water level from the beginning of the test at each time is estimated. The infiltration rate in the beginning of the test is high. After the soil attains saturation the rate decreases and stabilizes at a fixed rate. The infiltration rates in cm/hr to all elapsed time readings are calculated. The infiltration rates (cm/hr) against the elapsed time (minutes) are drawn on coordinate graph. A fitted straight line is the final infiltration curve. The rate per day is estimated using this graph.

Time‘t’ in minutes

Infi

ltrat

ion

rate

cm

/hr

fc

f0

f1

f2

t1 t2 15 20 5 10 25 30 0

1

2

3

4

5

Figure 7.10 Soil Infiltration

Curve



7.3.9.4 Results To have an idea about the soil infiltration capacity, surface soil infiltration tests were conducted at three representative locations within the site using double ring infiltrometer. Each test was conducted for about 3 hours with constant head measurement. The observed infiltration values are high at beginning stage & moderately low at the ending. The field data was analyzed & the results are indicating that the infiltration capacity is 5.13 Cm/hr to 8.11 Cm/hr. The recorded observations & data plots are given below.

INFILTRATION TEST-1 Location: Near Ves-1

Duration of time for each Filling

Time elapsed since test started

(T) minutes

Fall in water Column(h) cm for time (t) minutes

Cumulative fall In water column (H)

cm for time T

Infiltration rate Cm/hr

(H/T*60) 1 1 1.8 1.8 108.0 1 2 1.8 3.6 108.0 1 3 1.6 5.2 104.0 1 4 1.6 6.8 102.0 1 5 1.6 8.4 100.8 1 6 1.5 9.9 99.0 2 8 1.8 11.7 87.8 2 10 1.5 13.2 79.2 2 12 1.5 14.7 73.5 2 14 1.3 16 68.6 2 16 1.3 17.3 64.9 2 18 1.3 18.6 62.0 2 20 1.3 19.9 59.7 5 25 1.6 21.5 51.6 5 30 1.6 23.1 46.2 5 35 1.4 24.5 42.0 5 40 1.4 25.9 38.9 5 45 1.4 27.3 36.4 5 50 1.2 28.5 34.2 5 55 1.2 29.7 32.4 5 60 1.2 30.9 30.9 10 70 1.7 32.6 27.9 10 80 1.6 34.2 25.7 10 90 1.3 35.5 23.7 10 100 1.3 36.8 22.1 10 110 1.2 38 20.7 10 120 1.2 39.2 19.6








(T) minutes

Fall in water Column(h) cm for time (t) minutes

Cumulative fall In water column (H)

cm for time T


(H/T*60) 1 1 1.3 1.3 78.0 1 2 1.3 2.6 78.0 1 3 1.3 3.9 78.0 1 4 1.1 5 75.0

1 5 1.1 6.1 73.2 1 6 1.1 7.2 72.0 2 8 1.5 8.7 65.3 2 10 1.5 10.2 61.2 2 12 1.5 11.7 58.5 2 14 1.2 12.9 55.3 2 16 1.2 14.1 52.9 2 18 1.2 15.3 51.0 2 20 1 16.3 48.9 5 25 1.6 17.9 43.0 5 30 1.6 19.5 39.0 5 35 1.3 20.8 35.7 5 40 1.3 22.1 33.2 5 45 1.3 23.4 31.2 5 50 1.1 24.5 29.4 5 55 1.1 25.6 27.9 5 60 1.1 26.7 26.7 10 70 1.5 28.2 24.2 10 80 1.5 29.7 22.3 10 90 1.3 31 20.7 10 100 1.3 32.3 19.4 10 110 1.2 33.5 18.3 10 120 1.2 34.7 17.4








(T) minutes

Fall in water Column(h) cm

for time (t) minutes

Cumulative fall In water column

(H) cm for time T


(H/T*60)

1 1 1 1 60.0 1 2 1 2 60.0 1 3 1 3 60.0 1 4 0.8 3.8 57.0

1 5 0.8 4.6 55.2 1 6 0.8 5.4 54.0 2 8 1.2 6.6 49.5 2 10 1.2 7.8 46.8 2 12 1 8.8 44.0 2 14 1 9.8 42.0 2 16 1 10.8 40.5 2 18 1 11.8 39.3 2 20 1 12.8 38.4 5 25 1.4 14.2 34.1 5 30 1.4 15.6 31.2 5 35 1.3 16.9 29.0 5 40 1.3 18.2 27.3 5 45 1.3 19.5 26.0 5 50 1.3 20.8 25.0 5 55 1.3 22.1 24.1 5 60 1.3 23.4 23.4 10 70 1.5 24.9 21.3 10 80 1.5 26.4 19.8 10 90 1.5 27.9 18.6 10 100 1.3 29.2 17.5 10 110 1.3 30.5 16.6 10 120 1.3 31.8 15.9





RESULTS OF INFILTRATION TESTS

7.3.10. Hydrogeology & Depth of Aquifer The occurrence and movement of groundwater is mainly controlled by many factors such as rock types, landforms, geological structures, soil, land use, rainfall etc. In-order to evaluate the hydro geological conditions in and around the proposed project site, a systematic well inventory was conducted within a 10km radius. The collected information is pertaining to post monsoon period. During well inventory information pertaining to total depth of wells, groundwater levels, quality of water, pre and post monsoon water level fluctuations, condition of wells during summer months, geological formations encountered during construction of wells and all other inter related information was collected. This information was synthesized and presented in the table given below. Based on the observed groundwater levels, water level contour maps were prepared and are presented in Figure 13 & 14. It is inferred from the field data that most of the ground water is in saline condition due to the intrusion of sea water into the existing fresh water aquifers. A zone of fresh water is available at most of the locations within the study area at shallow depths. Because of this nature of occurrence of fresh water zones, almost all private tube wells are confined to a maximum depth of 60 to 70m bgl. Wherein, the aquifers are encountering from 25m bgl onwards. All these wells are projecting good to average groundwater yields. As long as these wells are not puncturing the deeper aquifers, the groundwater quality remains good. The wells selected for post monsoon well inventory are revisited during pre-monsoon period. Based on the observed water levels within these wells, groundwater level is fluctuating between 0.5 to 3.5 m. Since the study area is facing good rainfall during monsoon period all these wells are getting recharged and serving the drinking water requirement of the villagers.

Test Code

Location Surface soil

Characteristics Infiltration Rate Cm/hr

Infiltration Rate m/day

Remarks

1 Near Ves-1 Sandy Silt 7.95 1.92 Rate of Infiltration is Moderately High





Figure 7.11 GPS Surveying within the Study Area

Figure 7.12 Collection of Well Inventory data within 10km Radius of the Project Site



Figure 7.13 Post & Pre-Monsoon Groundwater Level Contours (mbgl) based on the Wells Inventoried Within 10km Radius of the Study Area



Figure 7.14 Post & Pre-Monsoon Groundwater Level Contours (amsl) based on the Wells Inventoried Within 10km Radius of the Study Area



Table 7.2 Details of the Wells Inventoried within 10km Radius of the Study Area

7.3.11 Hydro geological Conditions within the Project Site In practical the proposed shamuka beach project site is a virgin land as far as groundwater extraction is concerned. The projected water demand for establishment and maintenance of the project site is about 14 MLD out of this maximum portion of water demand is meeting through surface water which is going to supply by PHD. The present technical studies are focused to evaluate the hydro geological conditions within the project site which in turn suggests the suitability of extraction of groundwater by way of constructing tube wells to meet the balance demand i.e., about not more than 2 MLD. The technical information collected from electrical resistivity data in combination with surrounding hydro geological observations and the surface soil infiltrations results are indicating the aquifers present at a shallow and deeper depth are good enough to meet the required 2 MLD. Since the deeper aquifers are highly mixed with intrusive nature of sea water, they may not useful for project utilization. Hence it is recommended that all the proposed tube wells should be confined for shallow depths (<70 mts) where the aquifers are saturated with fresh water zones. It is strictly suggested that at the time of constructing tube wells a close monitoring of electrical conductivity for groundwater has to be measured. At any case the wells should not puncture the saline zones existing below fresh water zones, the failure may cause not only contaminate the water within the tube well but also it may spread into the fresh water zones surrounding it. In order to meet the required 2 MLD of water It is estimated to have 10 number of tube wells with 35 m3/hours with 6 hours of sustainable rate of pumping. It is estimated to have 10 HP capacity of submersible pumps to extract water from the well. (A well can be treated as successful well when it is giving 35 m3/hours).

S.No Location Source Elevation

(m) AMSL

Total Depth (mbgl)

GW Level

(mbgl)

GW Levels

(m)

Water Level

Fluctuation (m)

GW Level (mbgl)

GW Levels (m)

AMSL

1 Bhagavathpatna TW 14.0 17 6 8 2.0 8 10

2 Gorual TW 25.6 14 4.5 21.1 2.0 6.5 23.1

3 Puri TW 28.3 18 6 22.3 2.5 8.5 24.8

4 Khadipada TW 18.1 14 4.5 13.6 2.0 6.5 15.6

5 Balabhadrapatna TW 11.0 37 4.5 6.5 3.0 7.5 9.5

6 Toran TW 13.1 12 4.5 8.6 2.5 7 11.1

7 Kapileswarpur TW 17.7 37 9 8.7 3.5 12.5 12.2

8 Dobandha TW 12.9 20 7.6 5.3 3.5 11.1 8.8

9 Gunthapipilo TW 18.0 14 6 12 3.0 9 15

10 Chandiput TW 10.7 12 9 1.7 0.5 9.5 2.2

11 Nuagan TW 14.2 137 10.7 3.5 1.5 12.2 5

12 Chakrateertha TW 20.8 12 4.5 16.3 2.5 7 18.8

13 Kaugharhi TW 17.2 18 6 11.2 3.0 9 14.2



7.3.12. Water Conservation & Artificial Recharge Ground water is one of the important natural resource which is playing dominant role in meeting the domestic, irrigation and industrial water requirements. Increasing demand of this resource in these sectors resulting over-exploitation which in-turn resulting continuous declining water levels. Apart from this intrusion of seawater into fresh water aquifers along the coastal areas is another problem for availability of freshwater zones in these areas. Keeping these problems in view, for sustainability of groundwater resources, in quantity and quality aspects, implementation of water harvesting structures is necessary. The rain water harvesting plan and its management plan explained in Chapter 9 of section 9.3 7.3.13 Conclusions The Odisha Government through Odisha Tourism Development Corporation (OTDC) has decided to develop Shamuka Beach near Puri. In order to meet the water demand for the project site, the authorities are planning to have 2 MLD of water out of total demand through the available groundwater resources within the site. Geologically the site area is covered with younger marine sediments. These formations are consisting low compacted sandy-silt with varying thickness. The fresh water aquifers are present at shallow depths within the study area. The fractured Laterite is acting as aquifer. The rate of surface soil filtration is moderately high i.e. about 1.7m/day. All these results of hydrogeological investigations conducted within the project site are supporting for extracting groundwater up to the projected demand of 2 MLD through constructing tube wells at feasible locations within the site by following the guidelines suggested in this report including water conservation methods.




Project Benefits

8.0 General

Puri is the most important destination of tourist activities in the State of Odisha. Lord Jagannath Temple and Rath Yatra festival draw almost more than 35% of the tourists visiting the state. Golden triangle of Bhubaneswar- Konark – Puri attracts 80% of the tourists visiting the state. Tourists currently visiting consist mainly of domestic pilgrims. A strong religious tourism base exists here, and has restricted the growth of other tourism related activities. Rich natural resources offering visual feast and picturesque vistas along with cultural heritage of one of the oldest civilization make Odisha a potential tourist destination. Few of the important tourist destinations in Odisha are shown Figure 8.1. 8.1 Major Tourist spots

The major tourist spots of the Odisha are given below, which are mostly visited by tourists all

around the year.

Puri

Chilika Lake

Konarak

Bhubaneswar

8.2 Project Benefits

The success of the tourism industry in any country depends on the ability of that country to develop, manage and market the tourism facilities and activities in that country. Applications of GIS in tourism and recreation planning illustrate that GIS is a strong and effective tool that can help in tourism planning and decision-making, ultimately benefitting both the Government and the people of this region. 8.2.1 Flourishing of tourism industry

The project will help in flourishing of tourism industries by improving the quality of life and well social infrastructure. The tourism will enable to attract the foreign tourist as well as internal tourist in a better way. This process will help the State Government’s revenue generation process. 8.2.2 Escalation of tax collection of government

The tourism industries will help government for collection of tax. In other way if the tourism industries grow, the tax collection will also increase simultaneously.

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8.2.3 Rising of small industries depending on tourism The new tourism (tourist spot) destination will help in rising of small industries or business centers which depends on tourism. This will directly or indirectly employee the local people.

8.2.4 Increase of income of local people

The development of overall tourism industries and the new tourist spot will increase the income of local people. It will help to solve the unemployment problem of the common people, improve their livelihood and generate unconventional new source of income.

8.2.5 Infrastructural growth, i.e. roads, hospitals, markets, Schools etc.

The development of new tourist spot will directly or indirectly contribute to the infrastructural growth like road, hospital, market, school, business centers etc.

8.2.6 Poverty alleviation and proliferation of health and educational support

This project will help in poverty alleviation and proliferation of health and educational support for local people of Himachal Pradesh. Spreading the tourism industries will support for alleviation of poverty.



Figure 8.1 Important Tourist destinations in Odisha



9.0 General

The main objectives of Environmental Management are to:

- Identify key environmental issues envisaged to be encountered during construction and operation phases of the project

- Provide guidelines f or appropriate mitigation measures

- Establish systems and procedures f or implementing mitigation measures

- Ensure the mitigation measures are being implemented

- Monitor the effectiveness of mitigation measures

- Institutional frame work includes the responsibilities f or environment management as well as responsibility f or implementing environmental measures

- Take necessary prompt action when unforeseen impacts occur Following specific environmental management plan/measures are discussed: - Greenbelt development

- Rainwater harvesting

- Solar power harnessing

- Occupational health and safety

- Institutional arrangements/framework f or environment management

- Soil conservation 9.1Greenbelt Development

Every development activity will have consequent deleterious impact of pollutants on environment; values of environmental protection offered by trees are becoming clear. Trees are very suitable f or detecting, recognizing and reducing air pollution effects. Monitoring of biological effects of air pollutant by the use of plants as indicators has been applied on local, regional and national scale. Trees function as sinks of air pollutants, besides their bio-aesthetical values, owing to its large surface area. The greenbelt development not only functions as foreground and background landscape features resulting in harmonizing and amalgamating the physical structures of the plant with surrounding environment, but also acts as pollution sink. Thus, implementation of greenbelt development is of paramount importance. It will also check soil erosion, make the ecosystem more complete and functionally more stable and make the cli mate more conducive.

Chapter 9

Environmental Management Plan

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Enhancement of the overall environmental quality

Provide a shelter belt around the project area for dust absorption

Compliance of the conditions stipulated in the environment clearance

Improve ambient air quality

Conserve soil quality and improve moisture level in ambient atmosphere

Increase aesthetic value

Create awareness f or environmental conservation and tree planting

Provide adequate shelter and habitat to the local fauna

Generate employment f or the local people

Protect human health and prevent pollution

Most of the human activities generate pollution of one or other types and of different magnitudes, to which all the organisms are exposed. More often than not, exposures to some pollution types are considered unavoidable. Resistance of organisms helps them overcome the hazards caused by such exposures.

The air pollution emitted by various sources settles on the ground and vegetation of surrounding area. The plants interact with both gaseous and particulate pollutants and to great extent absorb them and thus, remove them from the atmosphere. This pollution removal property of the plants has been known for a long time. For many years tree planting has been promoted by city planners for the purpose of reducing ground level air pollution.

The proposed project being construction project there are no major air pollution sources like Industries, power plants, mines, etc. The only air pollutants expected are from vehicles used by the residents / visitors coming for tourism. The DG sets used during power failure also generate air pollutants. To minimize the air pollution from this type of activities landscaping and adequate greenbelt will be developed.

9.1.1 Objectives of Greenbelt Plan

The objectives of greenbelt development are as follows:

9.1.2 Greenbelt Development Plan

9.1.3 Management Plan for Greenbelt development

In area development projects the plants and the natural vegetation of the site is going to be severely damaged, however in the present case, the trees are mainly of casuarinas (Casuarina equisetifolia. subsp) and kikar (Acacia nilotica sp.) & grasses etc. are present. Hence, when development work takes place there are chances of losing some valuable biodiversity. When the construction project is fully developed over a period of few years, greenery comes up in the form of avenue trees, ornamentals, fruit trees and lawns. As a result, the loss of carbon sequestration capacity due to the loss of the plantation & bushes could be compensated. There is no plan to introduce new exotic species except those that have become naturalized. Preference will be given to native and local trees.



It is a well-established fact that trees and vegetation act as a vast natural sink for the gaseous as well as particulate air pollutants due to enormous surface area of leaves. Plantation around the air pollution sources control the air pollution by filtering particulate matter and interacting with gaseous pollutants before it reaches the earth. Trees also act as buffers and absorbers against accidental release of pollutants.

AS per the CPCB guidelines, the development of green belt plantation will done and the project area falls under the East coast plains & hills climatic zone and the climate of this zone is moist sub humid type. Most of the region is covered with deltaic alluvial, coastal alluvial laterite & red loamy soils. More Importance is given to fast growing & Tolerant Native species of plantations in green belt plantation.

The greenbelt development plan for the project is based on “guidelines for Developing Greenbelt” published by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). The details of the parks, greenbelt areas, golf course areas, etc. are given in Table 9.1.

Table 9.1 Details of the parks & greenbelt areas Particulars Area in Acres Remarks

Public Park 14.38 Helipad area

Public Park 4.57 Road Junction at Sea side

Public Park 1.53 Road Junction at entry

Green buffer around Golf Course 32.33 Around Golf Course

Gold Course 221.08 18 to 27 hole Golf Course

Green area 20.80

Total 294.69

1) In every building area at least 10% of the land shall be utilized for plantation, remaining open space if any will be used for landscaping

2) Green buffer provided on the periphery of the golf course, in front of convention center and hotels of B type and pubic park will be taken care and maintained by authority

3) Around 130 m wide greenbelt is proposed to be developed towards sea (in south 100.47acres) and towards river (in east 32.02acres). which also has road of 6 m wide passing through the greenbelt

Three tire plantations will be taken up along the boundary towards sea and river having mix of small, medium and big trees, whereas along the roads a row of trees will be planted. In open areas and parks small trees and ornamental trees will be developed as per the space available.

In order foster environmental conservation as well as preservation of the town’s scenic and rural quality all properties shall provide a continuous open space area equal to at least 70% of the plot area, the design as follows

9.1.4 Green belt development and afforestation

Tree plantation is one of the effective remedial measures, which controls the Air Pollution. It also causes aesthetic and climatological improvements of an area as well as sustains and supports the biosphere.



At least 50% of such open space areas shall be planted with native species or left in its undisturbed natural form in order to enhance the appearance and function of the tidal wet lands and other native habitats

Should be fast growing and providing optimum penetrability.

should be wind-firm and deep-rooted

should form a dense canopy

As far as possible, the species should be indigenous and locally available.

Species tolerant to air pollutants like PM, SOX and NOX should be preferred

Should be permeable to help create air turbulence and mixing within the belt

Plants shall be preferably indigenous and would be native of the area.

Introduction of monoculture and alien plant species would be avoided to the maxi mum possible extent.

Plant shall:

Be fast growing and attaining a height of 5 m or more in 3 to 4 years

Have thick canopy cover

Be preferably evergreen

Have large leaf area index

Be resistant to air pollutants

Maintain species diversity

Be able to attenuate noise generated within the area

The remaining open space portion on the property shall be attractively landscaped with lawns, shrubs, flower beds or non-impervious recreation areas. 9.1.5 Choice of Species

The selection of plant species for the development depends on various factors such as climate, elevation and soil. The plant species should exhibit the following desirable characteristic in order to be selected for plantation.

Be w ell adapted to the existing soil conditions

9.1.6 Species for Plantation

As per the “Guidelines to Project Proponents for Preparation of EIA Report” from State Level

Expert Appraisal Committee (SEAC), OSPCB, for the development of greenbelt, plants having

simple big leaves is preferred with compound or pinnate leaves. Native trees are preferable. The

plants are suitable f or greenbelt development based on gaseous exchange capacity of foliage which

is ascertained by various characteristics of the plants. Trees shall be selected based on the type of

pollutants, their intensity, location, easy availability and suitability to the local cli mate like coastal

adoptability. They have different morphological, physiological and bio-chemical mechanism/

characters like branching habits, leaf arrangement, size, shape, surf ace (smooth/hairy), presence or

absence of trichrome, stomatal conductivity proline content, ascorbic acid content, cationic



peroxides and sulphide oxidize activities etc. to trap or reduce the pollutants. Species to be selected shall fulfil the following specific requirements of the area:

Tolerance to specific conditions or alternatively wide adaptability to eco-physiological conditions

Rapid growth

Capacity to endure water stress and climate extremes after initial establishment

Differences in height and growth habits

Pleasing appearances; and providing shade

A list of plants suggested for greenbelt and avenue plantation is given in Table 9.2.

Table 9.2 List of plants identified for greenbelt and avenue plantations Botanical Name Family English /common Odiya HA

Abutilon indicum Linn Malvaceae Country mallow Nakochono Shrub

Acacia nilotica (Linn) Wild Mimoseae Indian gum Baubra Tree

Adenanthera pavonina Linn Mimoseae Red wood or Coral Girid Tree Aegle marmelos (Linn) Correa Rutaceae Beal tree, Holy fruit tree Belo Tree Ailanthus excela Roxb Simarubaceae Tree of Heaven Mahala Tree

Albizia moluccana Mig Mimoseae White popinae, Lead tree Rajokasundari Tree Anona squamosa Linn Anonaceae Custard apple Seethapholo Small Tree Anona reticulata Linn Anonaceae Bullock's Heart Raamaphala Tree

Anogeissus latifolia Wall Combretaceae Axle wood, Button Tree Dohu Tree

Azadirachta indica A Juss Meliaceae Neem tree Nimba Tree

Bambusa arundinacia (Retz) Roxb Poaceae Thorny Bamboo Bendo Shrub

Bambusa vulgaris Schrad Poaceae The Golden Bamboo Sundragai Shrub / tall perennial grasses

Barringtonia acutangula (L) Gaetn Barringtoniaceae Indian Oak Hinjolo Tree

Bischofia javanica Blume Bischofiaceae Bishopwood Dingiri Tree

Buchanania lanzan Spreng Anacarsdiceae Almondette tree Charu Tree

Calophyllum inophyllum Linn Clusiaceae Alexandrian laurel Poonag Tree

Calotropis procera (R.Br) Ait Asclepiadaceae Swallow wort Orkho Shrub

Cassia fistula Linn Caesalpinaceae Golden showers, Sunari Tree

Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. Fabaceae Indian Rose Wood Sisua Tree

Dalbergia sisoo Roxb. Fabaceae Sissoo Sissu Tree Derris Indica (Lann.) Bennett. Fabaceae Pomgam- Oil tree Karanjo Tree

Holoptelia integrifolia Ulmaceae Indian Elm. Kanju Dauranja Tree

Lagerstroemia speciosa Lythraceae Queen crape Myrtle Patoli Tree

Lawsonia inermis Lythraceae Henna Benjat Shrub Madhuca longifolia (Koen) Sapotaceae The butter tree Mahula Tree Moringa oleifera Lamk. Moringaceae Drumstick Tree, Sajina Tree

Morus alba Moraceae Mulberry Tuto Tree

Phoenix sylvestris Arecaceae The Wild datepalm Khajuri Tree



Botanical Name Family English /common Odiya HA

Salix tetrasperma Salicaceae Indian willow Baisi Tree

Sesbania grandiflora Fabaceae Swamp- pea Ogosti Tree Sesbania sesban Fabaceae Common sesban Joyontei Shrub

Syzygium cumini Myrtaceae Black plum jamo Tree

Tamarinduss indica Caesapinaceae The Tamarind tree Tentuli Tree Terminalia alata Combretaceae Laurel Sahaju Tree Terminalia arjuna Combretaceae Arjun, Arjhan Arjuno Tree

Terminalia bellerica Combretaceae Belleric myrobalan Bhara Tree

Terminalia chebula Combretaceae Chebulic myrobalan Haridra Tree

Thespesia populneoides Malvaceae Umbrella tree Gunjausto Tree

Thevetia peruviana Apocynaceae Yellow oleaner Konyarphul Shrub Trema orientalis Ulmaceae Charcoal tree Kharkhas Tree

Zizyphus mauritiana Rhamnaceae Indian jujube Bodori Tree

to cope with the increasing pressure on scarce freshwater resources. Even as efforts are on way to overcome water shortage through conventional approach of abstracting freshwater from rivers and underground aquifers. Rooftop rainwater harvesting practices in urban areas is gaining significance as an approach to supplement the traditional water supplies. Flowchart in Figure 9.1 shows a proposed rainwater harvesting option at master plan level and individual building level for Shamuka beach area, Rainwater harvesting at individual building is given as Figure 9.2. Based on the built-up area proposed in the project the estimated rainwater (details given in master plan) given below.

- The built-up area is 916046 sqm and roof top area is 391124 sqm

- Around 434.226 Million Liters of harvested water can be used directly- collected from Roof top

- By maximum effort we can recharge say 50 % of the 3165.756 million liters of water runoff

- If assume that total annual demand is 14 mld *365 days = 5110 million liters than the harvested water for direct use can replace the 8 % of annually water demand.

- All plots more than 15 acres plot must have at least four ground water recharge structure, more than 10 acres plot must have two ground water recharge structure whereas below 10 acres plot must have at least one ground water recharge structure.

9.2 Rainwater Harvesting

Rainwater harvesting (RWH) and recharging of groundwater is emerging as a sustainable strategy



Figure 9.1 Flow chart of Rainwater Harvesting

Figure 9.2 Rain water harvesting at individual building level



Solar power harnessing has been proposed 1/3 of the built up areas particularly at available roof tops. The available technologies for generating solar power is mainly Solar Photo Voltaic (PV) Cells and Solar Thermal. Technology of Solar PV Cells is suitable f or solar power generation with proper utilization of the roof top areas available on the roofs of buildings/structures within the premises. The off grid solar PV system will be used f or the solar power harnessing in the proposed development area. Basic components that are used to build a solar PV system are as follows:

Flat Roof Solar PV Panel mounting systems Solar PV Panels and solar modules

Solar PV Charge Controllers

Solar Batteries

PV Junction Boxes/ PV Combiner Boxes Off-Grid Solar PV Power Inverters

Solar PV Cables & Connectors

Solar PV Generation Meters

AC & DC Isolators

Solar PV System monitoring For the purpose of installation of off grid solar PV cells, the suitable buildings and structures are identified and the roof top areas are considered f or calculation of total possible capacity of installed solar PV. The calculation for installed capacity and cost is based on following assumptions:

100 sq.m area is required for the installing of 10 kWp capacity.

Capital cost including batteries and other accessories is Rs. 1 lakh/kWp. The installed capacity and approximate cost details are:

Total roof top area (m2)

Actual area (considering 1/3 of total area) (m2)

Installation capacity (considering 100 m2 for 10 kWp) kWp

Installation capacity in MW

Cost for installation (considering 3.5 cr/ MW) crores

391124 130361 1303 1.303 4.5 Note: Seven years ago, the fixed cost attached solar power plant was Rs. 15 crores/MW, which brought down to Rs. 7 crores /MW. GERMI’s R&D efforts have successfully brought down the cost further to Rs. 3.5 crores /MW by using graphite and silicon in solar cells.

The above mentioned roof top areas are approximate and can be firmed up after the design and engineering of the project. Based on various technology options considered, it is recommended that the solar PV cells shall be installed in the available area of roof tops within the special tourism developmental premises for the purpose of harnessing solar power by means of utilizing the

9.3 Solar Power Harnessing



No Occupational

Health Hazard Areas associated with

Hazard Mitigation

1 Electrical Hazard Energized equipment and power lines can pose electrical hazards for workers

- Considering installation of hazard warning lights.

- Use of voltage sensors prior to and during workers entrance.

- Deactivation and proper grounding of power equipments according to applicable legislation and guidelines.

- Provision of specialized electrical safety training to workers

2 Fire and Explosion Hazard

Handling and storage of fuel products etc.

- Use of automobile combustion and safety controls.

- Proper maintenance

- Automobile sensors and regular cleaning mechanism

safety training.

available roof top area. Once the final designs are available, an implementing agency will be hired for the execution of the project at proper time. 9.4 Occupational Health and Safety

Occupational Health hazards, areas associated with hazards and proposed mitigation measures are given below.

9.4.1 Safety

Overall safety of man and material is an important aspect of operational performance. The safety policy of the special tourism development shall be clearly defined. The developer shall implement separate safety measures for construction and operation phases and a safety officer shall be employed by the member, which shall also coordinate with safety officer. 9.4.2 Safety Training

A full-fledged training center shall be set up at the project. Safety training shall be provided by the Safety Officer with the assistance of faculty members called from Professional Safety Institutions and Universities. In addition to regular employees, limited contractor labours shall also be provided

9.5 Environmental Management Cell

Apart from having an Environmental Management Plan, it is also necessary to have a permanent organizational set up charged with the task of ensuring its effective implementation of mitigation

Table 9.3 Occupational Health Hazard

S.



measures and to conduct environmental monitoring. The major duties and responsibilities of Environmental Management Cell are:

To implement the environmental management plan

To assure regulatory compliance with all relevant rules and regulations

To ensure regular operation and maintenance of pollution control devices

To minimize environmental impacts of operations as by strict adherence to the EMP

Maintain documentation of good environmental practices and applicable environmental laws as ready reference

Maintain environmental related records

Coordination with regulatory agencies, external consultant, monitoring laboratories

Operations and maintenance of STP

Figure 9.1Organizational Setup for Environmental Management Cell



9.6 Soil conservation

To control soil pollution and to prevent soil erosion, we can limit construction in sensitive areas. In general we would need less fertilizer and fewer pesticides if we could all adopt the R's: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Reforest. This would give us less solid waste. 9.6.1 Reduce use of fertilizer and pesticide

Applying bio-fertilizers and manures can reduce chemical fertilizer and pesticide use. Biological methods of pest control can also reduce the use of pesticides and thereby minimize soil pollution. 9.6.2 Reusing of materials

Materials such as glass containers, plastic bags, paper, cloth etc. can be reused at domestic levels rather than being disposed, reducing solid waste pollution. 9.6.3 Recycling and recovery of materials

This is a reasonable solution for reducing soil pollution. Materials such as paper, some kinds of plastics and glass can and are being recycled. This decreases the volume of refuse and helps in the conservation of natural resources. For example, recovery of one tonne of paper can save 17 trees. 9.6.4 Reforesting

Control of land loss and soil erosion can be attempted through restoring natural ecosystem and grass cover to check wastelands, soil erosion and floods. Crop rotation or mixed cropping can improve the fertility of the land.



Summary and Conclusion 10.0 Summary The State of Odisha is an attractive treasure house of cultures and customs, religions and traditions, languages and literature, art and architecture, scenic beauty and wildlife. Endowed with rich cultural heritage and bestowed with bounties of nature, Odisha is a fascinating state with majestic monuments, beautiful beaches, luxuriant forests, wildlife, handicrafts etc. In its long history spanning over several centuries, the region of modern Odisha is today one of the most popular with tourists visiting and within India has emerged as a popular and enchanting tourist destination.

Puri is the most important destination of tourist activities in the State of Odisha. Lord Jagannath Temple and Rath Yatra festival draw almost more than 35% of the tourists visiting the state. Golden triangle of Bhuvaneswar- Konark – Puri attracts 80% of the tourists visiting the state. Tourists currently visiting consist mainly of domestic pilgrims. A strong religious tourism base exists here, and has restricted the growth of other tourism related activities.

Twin objectives of providing new tourism products and unlocking the destination would offer the tourists an opportunity to feel and experience the rich culture, indigenous art & craft, customs and traditions of Odisha, the Government of Odisha has decided to develop the Shamuka beach area near Puri. It is envisaged to tap the requirements following huge corporate and industrial investments planned within the state. Thus Shamuka Beach area, 8Km to the South of Puri Town has been identified for the purpose.

The Shamuka beach area with its locational advantage of being on the main tourist route, as well as its rich natural beauty, was chosen for the same. It was envisioned that the project to be Self- contained, high-end, Exclusive Leisure cum Business destination aimed at providing a one-stop rejuvenation facility for the mind and body. The Overall theme / concept – luxury with a distinct Odissan culture flavor.

In order to create steady but sustainable growth, it is proposed to develop Shamuka in three distinct phases as under:

Phase I will include Convention center, hotels, Based on various national as well as international standards, a broad activity structure for Shamuka was developed. The Table 10.1 summarizes the various activities proposed for Shamuka beach.

Phase II will include Health & wellness tourism focus and

Phase III with High end villas & second homes.

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Table 10.1 Project Activities

Activities No of Units

Golf Course (18-27 Hole Fairways) 1

Convention Centre (With Hospitality, Exhibition Spaces, Trade Fairs, Amphitheater’s, etc.) 1

Performing Arts Centre (Aphitheatre, Gurukul, Indoor Class, Halls Library, etc.) 1

Art & Craft Museum 1

Luxury Hotels 13

Golf Villas 200

Residential Apartments (2 BHK & 3 BHK walkups, G+2) 300

High Street Bazar 1

Hospitality Institute 1

Condominiums & Villas 450

The Final Master plan perceives the area to develop into a prime destination, a jewel in Odisha’s tourism sector. The plan translates this into space through interlinked, yet defined activity sectors. The possible set of tourism products for development at Shamuka Beach include 5 / 4 Star Hotels, Resorts, Spa, Convention Centre, Golf Course, Exhibition Complex, Eco Parks etc. These are accommodated within the master plan with various components of the plan surrounding the Golf course on all four sides, reflecting a “Necklace” kind of development – A true Jewel. All the various components of development surround the Golf Course on the remaining three sides. To its north and at the very entrance is International Convention Centre with a dedicated hotel and adjoining hospitality institute. Additional hotel plots are carved out alongside that would take care of future demands as the footfall increases. On the northwest corner of the site, are dedicated for social infrastructure and housing for the staff workers in the hotels and other facilities. A Shamuka Village inspired by vernacular style of architecture will showcase the best of Odisha’s cultural, artistic and performing traditions. The village will have a Craft Museum, workshops for artists and craftsmen, a performing arts centre, Gurukul for music and the performing arts. It will be a sort of daily micro destination for the tourists to spend idle time and evenings to get a glimpse of panoramic. The “main street” will have a shopping mall, restaurants, bars, food courts, shops and showrooms. River front will have “Riverdale” project with villas and condominiums. The location of the site, at the confluence of river Mangala and Bay of Bengal are generally associated with certain constraints pertaining to infrastructure provisions and demands special attention. Therefore, the proposed site infrastructure facilities for the project reflect the distinct Geography and connectivity. Preliminary cost estimates has also been prepared for both on site and off site infrastructure components.



For the estimation of infrastructure cost, the following components have been considered: A. On-site infrastructure

Roads within the project area of various widths

Water supply to units

Sewerage collection and treatment

Storm water drainage collection, rainwater harvesting, etc

Solid waste collections, treatment and disposal

Power distribution within the project area

B. Off-site infrastructure

Supply of power from main grid up to site boundary

Construction of Puri by-pass

Surface water intake and raw water main from upstream water reservoir.

Disposal of treated sewage.

The total cost of the project is Rs 166.64 Crores, which includes onsite infrastructure cost as Rs 141.64 Crores and off-site infrastructure cost as Rs 25 Crores.

10.1 Conclusion Stability of nation is necessary for development of tourism industry. India can reap benefits from this industry, can add to income and earn foreign money if tourists are attracted. Throughout the beautified state there are many thousands of attractions such as ancient and sacred temples, where three religions flourished, is thronged by pilgrims throughout the year.

Festivals in Odisha are mesmerizing in their raw energy, religious fervor and a splash of colors juxtaposed with rhythms that vary from district to district and tribe to tribe. The religious undercurrent in events of all origin and purpose unite the festivals and fair in a harmony of dances, music and Jatras that complete Odisha's calendar year.

Odisha constitutes many tribal communities especially in its south-western districts, the festivals in Odisha also include tribal festivals and fairs that are sometimes intriguing, sometimes bewildering but always entertaining. Some of the tribal festivals include Chaita Parva and Bali Yatra.

Festivals in Odisha also include religious festivals that are unique to Odisha (Raja, Kumar Purnima) and the ones that are celebrated at the national level (Durga Puja, Maha Shiv Ratri, Dusherra, Diwali etc.). Tourism of Odisha offers you an opportunity of your lifetime to explore the riches of Odisha with its festivals and fairs

Odisha tourism is only a small portion of the Indian tourism industry. So, development must help all potentialities by proper planning, financing acquiring experience, packaging marketing, and boosting creativity, make outstanding appeal to travelers and seek help from private entrepreneurs.



Disclosure of Consultant Engaged 11.1 About the Group Ramky, founded in the year 1994, today spans into a specialist multi-disciplinary organization focused in areas of Civil, Environment & Waste Management Infrastructure with specific emphasis on ‘Public Private Partnership’ Projects. The corporate office of the group is located at Hyderabad and the regional offices are located at Delhi, Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Chennai, Bhopal and Kolkata. The major companies of the group are:

1) Ramky Infrastructure Ltd (RIL). 2) Ramky Enviro Engineers Ltd (REEL). 3) Ramky Estates & Farms Pvt. Ltd. (REFL) 4) Ramky Life Sciences Ltd (RLSL) 5) Ramky Foundation (RF)

11.2 About the Accredited Consultant Organisation Ramky Enviro Engineers Limited (REEL) is the consulting arm of the group provides vital function of effectively providing the backward linkage to the project implementation function in the form of concepts, strategies, structuring, planning and designing infrastructure projects. A multi and cross disciplinary team of professionals, offering solution at each stage of the life cycle of a project.

It is one of the well-established and leading Environmental Engineering concern in this country having under taken Ten Industrial Estate projects which involves the duties of project scheduling and budgeting, Topographical surveying and soil investigation, Environmental and social impact assessment, market viability, Master Planning, land use Planning, design of Roads, Water supply system, CETP, Storm Water Drainage, Electrical System, Cost Planning, Financial Feasibility, Project Structuring and Draft Concession Agreement, Bid Process Management etc.

Our Company also designs, manufactures and supplies almost the entire range of equipments required for ETPs, STPs and WTPs. Consultancy Division is one of the departments of REEL. The services offered by the consultancy division are given below.

11.2.1 Consultancy Services

Facilitating Environmental Clearances from MOEF, New Delhi

Obtaining Consent for Establishment and consent for Operation from state pollution Control Boards Preparing of Environmental Impact Assessment Reports.

Environmental Audits to help industries to recycle and reuse resources and plan for low polluting technologies.

Risk Assessment Studies for hazardous chemical storage & Process in order to devise viable onsite and offsite emergency plans.

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Identification and evaluation of hazardous Waste disposal sites.

Environmental management systems, training, documentation and implementation as per ISO 14001:1996 Standards.

Characterization and quantification of biomedical waste, municipal solid waste and design of disposal facilities.

Environmental management strategies to mitigate adverse impacts arising out of developmental activities.

Effluent treatment plant design after thorough review of process, reaction mass balance and treatability studies of effluents

Post project Monitoring network design

Consultancy Services for setting up environmental laboratories

Design of Sewage treatment plants

Design of Waste treatment plants

Health and socio- economic surveys

Resettlement and rehabilitation plans

Systems development for ISO9000, Oshas 18000, NABL, ISO 17025 Standards

11.2.2 Laboratory services

Analysis of air samples for ambient air quality and those collected from industrial sources for both routine and industry specific pollutants

Water and waste water analysis for all parameters as for standard methods, including pesticides and poly hydro carbons

Solid and hazardous waste analysis including TCPL tests

Monitoring of noise levels at source and in ambient air

Development of new methods and quality assurances of results obtained

Design and settings of laboratories

11.2.3 Training services

Monitoring of environmental parameters –air, water, noise, soil etc…

Environmental impact assessments

Effluent treatment plant operations and maintenance

Sewage treatment plant operations and maintenance

ISO 9000 & 14000, Ohsas 18000 Awareness, documentations, internal auditors

Establishment environmental laboratories

Pollution control in industries

Biomedical waste management



11.2.4 Field Services

Site selection and suitability studies for settling up of Industries

Ambient Air Quality monitoring for all pollutants

Noise Level Monitoring

Meteorological data collection as per CPCB norms

Stack Emission monitoring for all pollutants and assessment of efficiency of control equipment

Water, Wastewater and Soil Sample Collection

Assessment of efficiency of ETP and analyzing critical parameters of field.

Flora and Fauna assessment through sectorial studies and damage assessment due to development projects

Damage Assessment studies in case of oil well blowouts, major industrial accidents, etc.,

11.2.5 Treatment Plant Services

Water Treatment Plants-design, construction, operation and maintenance

Efficiency studies of Effluent Treatment plants

Design, construction, operation and maintenance of ETP

Upgradation/modification of ETP

Sewage Treatment Plants-design, construction, operation and maintenance along with mechanical equipment erection

Supply of mechanical equipment

11.2.6 Solid Waste Management Services

Industrial Waste Management

Hazardous Waste Management

Municipal Solid Waste Management

Biomedical Solid Waste Management

E-waste Management

11.3 Declaration by Accredited Consultant Organization The Company has over 2000 employees in various sectors of which over 600 employees are post graduates and about 15 employees are having Ph.D’s. The Analysis was carried out in the Laboratory of Hyderabad Waste Management Project, a subsidiary company under Ramky Enviro Engineers Ltd. which is NABL accredited and recognized as Environmental Laboratory by Ministry of Environment and Forests under the Environment (Protection) Act 1986 vide notification dated: 9thJan, 2008.

Documents

Ramky Enviro Engineers Ltd Hyderabad 500 032environmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/FormB/EC/EIA_EMP/... · SHAMUKA BEACH PROJECT SIPASURUBALI, PURI DISTRICT, ODISHA Department