RAMIRAN 2017 Wexford, Ireland 1 RAMIRAN 2017 · 2019-02-26 · RAMIRAN 2017 Wexford, Ireland PROGRAMME AT A GLANCE SUNDAY SEPTEMBER 3rd 17.00 – 19.00 Registration & Placement of

RAMIRAN 2017 Wexford, Ireland 1

RAMIRAN 201717th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCESUSTAINABLE UTILISATIONS OF MANURES AND RESIDUE RESOURCES IN AGRICULTURE

4th- 6th September, 2017Clayton Whites Hotel, Wexford, Ireland

www.ramiran2017.com

RAMIRAN 2017 Wexford, Ireland

Printed by XXXX

Suggested citation

Authors, 2017. Title In: Burchill W., Richards K.G. and Lanigan G.J. (Eds). Proceedings of the 17th RAMIRAN conference – Sustainable utilization of manures and residue resources in agriculture. 4th – 6th September 2017, Wexford, Ireland, pp. nn-nn.

ISBN XXXXX


Intro letter

Programme summary

Committees

Speaker profiles

Conference venue / floorplan

Sponsor info / adverts

About RAMIRAN

Programme in full

Abstracts & Index

1

2

4

6

9

10

13

14

22

Contents


Dear Conference Participant,

On behalf of the organising committee, it is our pleasure to welcome you to the 17th International RAMIRAN conference, held in Wexford, Ireland from 4th to 6th September 2017. The conference is organised by Teagasc, the Irish Agricultural and Food Development Authority. RAMIRAN “Recycling of Agricultural, Municipal and Industrial Residues in Agriculture Network” is a research and expertise network focusing on agronomic use of organic residues and their subsequent impact on the environment. The very first meeting of the network took place back in 1976 in Solna, Sweden, when the network focused solely on animal waste utilisation. Since then the network and RAMIRAN conference has expanded to cover a wide range of topics including organic residue valorisation and the sustainable use of these resources to protect and enhance the environment including water, air, soil and biodiversity.

2017 is the “Year of Sustainable Grassland” in Ireland and sees a year long focus by the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine its Agencies and other stakeholders on grass productivity and utilisation, grassland sustainability and the international reputation of Irelands’ grass based production systems. An important part of this is Teagascs Grass10 campaign to promote sustainable grassland excellence for Irish livestock. The campaign objective is to increase the number of grazings per paddock to 10 and the amount of grass utilised to 10 tonnes grass dry matter per hectare. RAMIRAN contributes significantly to both challenges as the use and recycling of organic manures and residues on grassland is an important component in the sustainable utilisation of grassland in Ireland.

The 17th International RAMIRAN conference provides a platform to discuss new cutting edge strategies to improve the efficiency of organic residue management across the full spectrum of research, from theory to implementation and adoption by stakeholders. The overall theme of RAMIRAN 2017 is ‘Sustainable utilization of manures and residue resources in agriculture’, which will be explored under the following sub-themes:

• Advances in technologies

• Crop nutrition

• Gaseous emissions

• Soil & water quality

• Adoption and impact

A total of 114 oral papers and 88 poster papers are being presented at the conference by authors from over 30 countries across 6 continents. The organising committee thank all authors for their written contributions to the proceedings and we look forward to your intellectual contribution throughout the conference. The financial support from all our sponsors is gratefully acknowledged. We hope that you really enjoy both the conference and Wexford.

William Burchill, Karl Richards and Gary LaniganConference Chairs

Intro Letter


PROGRAMME AT A GLANCESUNDAY SEPTEMBER 3rd

17.00 – 19.00 Registration & Placement of Posters

20.00 – 22.00 Pre-conference Social gathering-Traditional Irish Music evening (Sky and The Ground pub)

MONDAY SEPTEMBER 4th

08:00–09:00 Registration & placement of posters

09:00–11:00 Plenary Session 1 - McLure 1 (Opening addresses & Plenary papers for Themes 1, 2 & 3)

Prof. Vincent O’Flaherty, NUI GalwayProf. Lars Stoumann Jensen, University of CopenhagenProf. Claudia Wagner-Riddle, University of Guelph

11:00–11:30 Morning tea

11:30–13:00 Parallel Session 1 - Sub - Themes 1, 2 & 3 Theme 1 - Advances in Technology - McLure 1Theme 2 - Crop Nutrition - Oscar Wilde Theme 3 - Gaseous Emissions - Mc Carthy

13:00–14:00 Lunch

14:00–15:30 Parallel Session 2 - Sub - Themes 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5 Theme 1 & 3 - Advances in Technology & Gaseous Emissions - McLure 1Theme 2&5 - Crop Nutrition & Adoption and Impact - Oscar WildeTheme 4 - Soil & Water Quality - Mc Carthy

15:30–17:30 Afternoon Tea & Poster Session 1

17:30–19:30 RAMIRAN Task Group Meeting (McCarthy)

19:00-20:00 Whiskey tasting - McLure Lobby

20:00 Gala conference dinner

TUESDAY SEPTEMBER 5th

09:00–10:05 Plenary Session 2 - (Plenary papers for Themes 4 & 5)Dr. Gary Feyereisen, USDA-Agricultural Research ServiceJohn Williams, RSK-ADASProf. Gary Lanigan, Teagasc Johnstown Castle

10:05–10:30 Morning tea

10:30–11:30 Parallel Session 3 - Sub - Themes 3, 4 & 5 Theme 3 - Gaseous Emissions - McLure 1 Theme 4 - Soil & Water Quality - McCarthy Sub - Theme 5 - Adoption & Impact - Oscar Wilde

11:30–12:30 Poster Session 2 - McLure 2

12:30–13:00 Lunch & packed lunch distributed for field trips

13:00–17:00 Field Trips (Johnstown Castle Research Centre & Agricultural Catchment Site)

18:00–21:00 Viking BBQ National Heritage Park

WEDNESDAY SEPTEMBER 6th

09:00–10:30

Parallel Session 4 - Sub -Themes 1, 2,3 & 4 Theme 1 - Advances in Technology - Oscar Wilde Theme 2 & 4 - Crop Nutrition, Soil & Water Quality - McCarthy Theme 3 - Gaseous Emissions - McLure 1

10:30–11:00 Morning tea – McLure Lobby

11:00–12:40 Plenary Session 3 (Co-Chair Rapporteurs Reports for Themes 1, 2,3,4 & 5, Panel Discussion, Poster Prize and Closing Address)

13:00 Lunch in Terrace Restaurant

14:00–16:00 Kick off meeting for New RAMIRAN Task Groups

2


RAMIRAN 2017 Wexford, Ireland4

Conference Chairs

Dr. William Burchill, Teagasc Johnstown Castle, Wexford

Dr. Karl Richards, Teagasc Johnstown Castle, Wexford

Dr. Gary Lanigan, Teagasc Johnstown Castle, Wexford

Organising Committee:

Ashekuzzaman, SM, Teagasc Johnstown Castle, Wexford

Boland, Tommy, University College Dublin

Brennan, Fiona, Teagasc Johnstown Castle, Wexford

Carton, Owen, Teagasc Johnstown Castle, Wexford

Curran, Tom, University College Dublin

Fenton, Owen, Teagasc Johnstown Castle, Wexford

Forrestal, Patrick, Teagasc Johnstown Castle, Wexford

Healy, Mark, National University of Ireland Galway

Lalor, Stan, GrasslandAgro, Limerick

Shortle, Ger, Teagasc Johnstown Castle, Wexford

Wall, David, Teagasc Johnstown Castle, Wexford

Zhan, Ximin, National University of Ireland Galway

RAMIRAN Co-ordinatorsMenzi, Harald, Federal Office for the Environment FOEN, Bern, Switerland

Misselbrook, Tom, Rothamsted Research, United Kingdom

CommitteesWe wish to thank all persons that made the 17th RAMIRAN conference possible. Special thanks to the organisers of the 16th RAMIRAN conference who assisted with the early planning and advised on their lessons learnt. Thank you to the RAMIRAN Network Coordinators, Harald Menzi and Tom Misselbrook for their time, advice and assistance during the conference planning. To the invited speakers for their insightful paper contributions. To all the organisations that contributed financially to the workshop. A special word of thanks to the staff and students of Teagasc for their valuable assistance. And finally to the participants of the Workshop for their contributions to making the 17th International Nitrogen Workshop successful.


Scientific Committee:Amon, Tomas, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering, Germany

Amon, Barbara, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering, Germany

Balsari, Paolo, University of Turin, Italy

Bannink, Andre, Wageningen, The Netherlands

Bittman, Shabtai, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canada

Carolan, Rachael, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, United Kingdom

Chadwick, David, Bangor University, United Kingdom

Chen, Qing, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China

Dabert, Patrick, IRSTEA, France

Delin, Sofia, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden

Eurich-Menden, Brigitte, Association for Technology and Structures in Agriculture, Germany

Fangueiro, David, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Portugal

Houot, Sabine, French National Institute for Agricultural Research, INRA, France

Humphreys, James, Teagasc Moorepark, Ireland

Körner, Ina, Hamburg University of Technology, Germany

Kranert, Martin, ISWA Uni Stuttgart, Germany

Kupper, Thomas, Bern University of Applied Science, Switerland

Marques dos Santos-Cordovil, Claudia, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Portugal

Martinez, Jose, IRSTEA, France

McIlory, John, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, United Kingdom

Minet, Eddy, Teagasc Johnstown Castle, Ireland

Murphy, Pat, Teagasc Johnstown Castle, Ireland

Pacholski, Andreas, EuroChem Agro GmbH, Germany

Pilar-Bernal, Maria Consejo Superior de Inventigaciones Científicas, Spain

Plunkett, Mark, Teagasc Johnstown Castle, Ireland

Provolo, Giorgio, University of Milan, Italy

Sanz-Cobena, Alberto, University Polytechnic Madrid, Spain

Siebert, Stefanie, European Compost Network ECN e.V., Germany,

Sommer, Sven, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark

Thorman, Rachel, ADAS, United Kingdom

Tremier, Anne, IRSTEA, France

Venglovsky, Jan, University of veterinary medicine and pharmacy, Slovakia

Vinneras, Björn, University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden


Sub-theme 1: Advances in technologiesProf. Vincent O’Flaherty

School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway

Vincent O’Flaherty is a professor of microbiology at the School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway. He has 25 years’ experience in the area of anaerobic biofilm and microbial ecology research, focused on: anaerobic biofilm reactor technology for bio-refining, energy production and wastewater treatment; control of biofilms in infectious disease settings and the microbial ecology of anaerobic biofilms and soil ecosystems. Prof. O’Flaherty is the scientific leader of the Sustainability Pillar of the Dairy Processing Technology Centre (www.dptc.ie) funded by the Irish Dairy Industry and Enterprise Ireland and is actively involved in several other projects focused on the development of an indigenous Irish sustainable biomass and bio-refining sector. His group has been heavily involved in the development and application of low-temperature anaerobic biofilm technology towards commercialisation and technology developed in his lab was the basis for the establishment of NVP Energy (www.nvpenergy.com).

Prof. O’Flaherty is also a co-founder of a spin-out company from NUI, Galway - Westway Health, which was formed in 2012 and is focused on the development of an exciting and novel antimicrobial platform for infection control in veterinary and human settings (www.westwayhealth.com). Prof. O’Flaherty teaches microbiology and environmental biotechnology to undergraduate and postgraduate students at all levels, and is head of the School of Natural Sciences. He has published over 250 scientific communications, including 105 papers in leading international, peer-reviewed, journals. http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=dxuO7AYAAAA-J&hl=en&oi=ao

Keynote Speakers


Sub-theme 2: Crop nutritionProf. Lars Stoumann Jensen

Dept. of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen

Prof. Jensen holds a chair in Soil Fertility and Recycling of Organic Waste Resources at UCPH. His research interest and responsibilities covers all aspects of soil fertility, in particular how decomposition processes and nutrient turnover in agro-ecosystems are affected by organic matter inputs, including crop residues, animal manures, composts, sludges and other wastes applied to soils. Studies focus on fundamental biogeochemical processes controlling nutrient and contaminant availability and mobility (often studied using isotope methods), but also more applied aspects like organic waste processing, fertilizer value and formulation, effects on soil quality, gaseous emissions and nutrient losses to the environment. Simulation modelling of soil C and N turnover as well as cropping system productivity and environmental effects, both in the short term (within one growing season) and in the long term (at the cropping system rotation level) as well as the very long-term trend in soil humus have also been covered in his research.

Prof. Jensen heads the Soil & Waste research group with approx. 25 staff, and has recently coordinated the EU-FP7 Marie Curie training network ReUseWaste. He is a member of the EU Nitrogen Expert Panel and of the EIP-Agri Focus Group on Nutrient Recycling. For details of Prof. Jensen’s research publications and activities, please refer to his homepage at UCPH http://plen.ku.dk/english/em-ployees/?pure=en/persons/184737.

Sub-theme 3: Gaseous emissionsProf. Claudia Wagner-Riddle

School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph

Claudia Wagner-Riddle is a Professor of Agrometeorology at the School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Canada. She is an expert in application of micrometeorological flux techniques to measure greenhouse gas emissions (GHG; methane, nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide) from agriculture. Her recent research includes characterization of GHG emissions associated with on-farm biogas production (methane from anaerobic digestate storage and nitrous oxide emissions following digestate application to soils) and assessment of net GHG emissions from annual and perennial dairy cropping system. Prof. Wagner-Riddle is an editor of the international journal Agricultural and Forest Meteorology since 2012 and associate editor of the Journal of Environmental Quality since 2011. She is a member of the Scientific Advisory Group to the 4R Quantification Module Strategy, The Fertilizer Institute and International Plant Nutrition Institute,

United States; the Technical Committee GHG Inventory: Livestock, Environment and Climate Change Canada and was Chair (elected position) of the Climatology and Modelling Section of the American Society of Agronomy in 2013/2014. Prof. Wagner-Riddle has published >100 papers, has had 2724 citations and has an h-index of 26 (Google Scholar).


Sub-theme 4: Soil & water qualityDr. Gary Feyereisen

USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Minnesota

Dr. Feyereisen is a research agricultural engineer at the USDA-ARS Soil and Water Management Research Unit, St. Paul, MN, who investigates nutrient transport processes and management / conservation practices designed to minimize agricultural impacts on water quality while optimizing production. He is currently working in the areas of tile drainage and manure management with an emphasis on reducing nitrate-N and dissolved P losses from intensively managed dairies. His lab is investigating strategies to optimize N removal in denitrification beds while simultaneously effecting P removal. He has published 42 refereed papers and served as an associate editor for the J. Environmental Quality. He has served as Chair of the Multistate Research Coordinating Committee and Information Exchange Group, Drainage Design and Management Practices to Improve Water Quality, and for the American Society of Agronomy’s Managing Denitrification in Agronomic Systems Community.

Additionally, Dr. Feyereisen has inspired others to share their technical expertise in the developing world by speaking of his technical / social engagement in this realm. Prior to entering graduate school as a non-traditional student, Dr. Feyereisen spent 20 years in industry as a processing plant engineer, energy manager, and new product development manager.

Sub-theme 5: Adoption and impactMr. John Williams

ADAS Boxworth, Cambridge

John Williams is a principal soil scientist with ADAS and his research interests include nutrient management and the mitigation of agricultural diffuse pollution of the air and water environments. Mr Williams has detailed knowledge of national fertiliser recommendation systems having led the revision of the organic manures chapter in AHDB’s Fertiliser Manual (RB209) for the UK. John was a Work Package Leader for Defra’s GreenHouse Gas Platform Project AC0116 and the WRAP/Defra/Zero Waste Scotland/WRAP Cymru DC-Agri project. Mr Williams also chairs Defra’s Research Expert group for the Greenhouse Gas Platform projects. He co-authored the MANNER-NPK nutrient decision support system and is a Technical Adviser for the UK water Industry’s Bio-solids Assurance Scheme.


Clayton Whites Hotel Total Conference FloorplanClayton Whites Hotel is located in the busy town centre of Wexford. Easy access to all main airports, ferry ports, rail and bus services ensure its popularity as one of the very best conference venues in Wexford.

The meeting rooms have natural daylight, air conditioning and are conveniently accessible. The Conference and Business Centre offers a wide range of support services including a full range of audio-visual equipment to help your Wexford event run as smooth as possible.

The conference and events team recognise the importance of choosing the right venue; with a goal of delivering on an overall experience that exceeds expectations. Clayton Whites Hotel can help and assist you in the planning of your event, whether it is big or small.

Book one of the most sought after conference venues in Wexford today. The dedicated conference and events team are on hand to discuss your every requirement.

CONFERENCE VENUE / FLOOR PLAN


Teagasc | Agriculture and Food Development AuthorityTeagasc – the Agriculture and Food Development Authority – is the national body providing integrated research, advisory and training services to the agriculture and food industry and rural communities.

Sponsors


Overview of Irish Agriculture• The land area of Ireland is 6.9 million hectares, of which 4.5 million hectares or

about 65% is used for agriculture. Ireland’s national forest estate covers 750,000 hectares (end of 2015), or close to 11% of the land

• Some 81% of agricultural land is devoted to grass (silage, hay & pasture), 11% to rough grazing and 8% to crops, fruit and horticulture production.

• Ireland has an important farm sector dominated by medium-sized farms and its maritime climate favours a grass-based system of agricultural production.

• Demand for Irish agricultural produce is largely driven by the quality appeal of the food produced here, with its low environmental footprint, its grass based system of production, and strict traceability and welfare criteria.

• The agri-food sector is Ireland’s largest indigenous manufacturing industry, with total agri-food employment, including on-farm employment in primary agriculture, forestry and fishing, as well as the food processing industry, accounting for over 165,700 jobs.

• The most recent data available shows the agri-food sector accounting for 7.6% of Gross Value Added (2014), 23% of all manufacturing turnover (2014), 8.4% of employment (2015) and 10.7% of merchandise exports (2015).

Current Schemes, Programmes & Support Measures• The Rural Development Programme, worth almost €4 billion over 7 years, is

strongly targeted towards environmental benefits, including knowledge transfer programmes, which will bring the latest innovative sustainability research and practices direct to farmers

• The Green, Low-Carbon, Agri-Environment Scheme (GLAS) offers opportunities to support emission reductions and carbon sequestration through various actions, while at the same time addressing other environmental threats such as biodiversity and water quality.

• The Origin Green programme – the national sustainability auditing and carbon foot-printing programme for the food and drink industry uniting government, the private sector and food producers.

• Knowledge transfer and education-maximising nutrient use efficiency and facilitating ag. advisor development.

• The Beef Data and Genomics Programme (BDGP): lower the intensity of GHG emissions by improving the quality and efficiency of the national beef herd.

• Pasture Profit Index and Pasturebase Ireland



The “Recycling of Agricultural, Municipal and Industrial Residues in Agriculture Network (RAMIRAN)” is a research and expertise network dealing with environmental issues relating to the use of livestock manure and other organic residues in agriculture. RAMIRAN evolved in 1996 from the much smaller FAO Animal Waste Network, that had been active since 1978, and the scope was expanded to include other organic residues (industrial and municipal) which can be used on land as a source of nutrients and/or soil conditioners. It is in principal a European network, but has increasingly connected with experts from other parts of the world.

The network provides invaluable means of exchanging ideas, information and experiences on topics that are becoming increasingly important at a national and international level. The main objectives of the network are to:

• Promote the exchange of methodologies, materials and processes;

• Progress knowledge on the environmental assessment of organic residues recycling in agriculture;

• Identify research priorities and initiate innovative collaborative activities that make use of the synergies resulting from the international network

The main activity of RAMIRAN is a scientific conference organized every two years, usually attended by 150-250 participants. The RAMIRAN conferences are respected as the leading event in the field of manure and other organic residues used in agriculture in Europe. They provide an extensive overview of ongoing research and knowledge transfer activities concerning these topics and of the scientists and research groups undertaking them, an important prerequisite to the networking activities that RAMIRAN wants to foster.

RAMIRAN holds a tremendous resource of knowledge and expertise embodied in its members and participants across a wide range of topics particularly for Europe but also including Northern America, Asia and even Oceania. The network represents a unique opportunity to mobilise this resource through joint activities above and beyond the regular conferences. To use this potential, RAMIRAN fosters task groups, short-term teams with a clear task that can be achieved in a defined time of ideally 1-2 years and maximum four years. These tasks make use of the potential of RAMIRAN arising from its membership of experts. This

means that, for example, surveys about management techniques, environmental, economic or social issues in connection with manure and other organic residues or interdisciplinary studies are ideal topics for such tasks. One particular success has been the production of a “Glossary of Terms on Livestock Manure Management” which has proved very valuable in harmonizing the use of terms relevant to organic residues and their environmental relevance. This has now been translated into Russian and translation to several other languages is ongoing. Another ongoing task is the development of “Country Manure Profiles” providing an overview of the current practices and knowledge concerning organic residue management in the different countries.

With the theme “’Sustainable utilization of manures and residue resources in agriculture” the 17th RAMIRAN conference in Wexford, Ireland, brings the heart of the RAMIRAN objectives together with the increasing emphasis on sustainable agriculture and sustainable intensification of agricultural systems. With well over 200 participants and over 200 oral and poster contributions at the 17th conference, RAMIRAN continues to go from strength to strength. As Co-chairmen of the Network we thank the organizing and scientific committees for putting together an informative, enjoyable and memorable conference!

Tom Misselbrook and Harald MenziNetwork Coordinators

ABOUT RAMIRAN


RAMIRAN 2017 FULL PROGRAMMESUNDAY SEPTEMBER 3RD

17.00 – 19.00 Pre-registration and placement of posters

20.00 – 22.00 Pre-conference social gathering-Traditional Irish Music evening(Sky and The Ground pub)

MONDAY SEPTEMBER 4TH

08:00 Registration and placement of posters

Plenary Session 1McLure 1

Chair: W. Burchill, K. Richards & G. Lanigan

09:00 Welcome from conference organisers

09:10 Welcome by RAMIRAN network coordinators - Dr. Harald Menzi & Dr. Tom Misselbrook

09:20 Conferencing opening

09:45 (Keynote)

Sub-Theme 1- Advances in Technologies Paper no. 1Prof. Vincent O’Flaherty, NUI GalwayFuture advances in waste and organic residue valorisation

10:10 (Keynote)

Sub-Theme 2 – Crop Nutrition Paper no. 2Prof. Lars Stoumann Jensen, University of CopenhagenImprovement of crop nutrition using manures, wastes and residues

10:35 (Keynote)

Sub-Theme 3 – Gaseous Emissions Paper no. 3Prof. Claudia Wagner-Riddle, University of Guelph Measurement and abatement of gaseous emissions along the manure management chain

11:00 Morning tea & Posters-McLure Lobby and McLure 2

Parallel Session 1

McLure 1Chair: F. Brennan, M.

Healy

McCarthyChair: R. Carolan, R.

Thorman

Oscar WildeChair: M Kranert and D. Wall

B. Sub -Theme 1 – Advances in Technologies

C. Sub -Theme 3 – Gaseous Emissions

D. Sub -Theme 2 – Crop Nutrition

11:30 4 Fabrizio Gioelli Cattle manure bio acidification: effects on gaseous emission and biogas yield.

14 Alison Carswell Optimising digestate for reduced nitrogen losses and increased nitrogen use efficiency under a winter wheat crop

24 Andrea EhmannValidation of the fertilizing performance of phosphorus and nitrogen salts recovered from pig manure in on-farm field trials in Germany and Spain

11:45 5 Younes Bareha Understanding the organic nitrogen biodegradability during anaerobic digestion: application to ammonium content prediction in digestates.

15 Jan Huijsmans Seasonal trends in the emission of ammonia from dairy manure applied to grassland in the Netherlands

25 Andreas PacholskiYield effects and environmental stewardship by application of slurry with nitrification inhibitor to pasture and silage maize

14


12:00 6 Sari Luostarinen Anaerobic digestion of poultry manure in two dry fermentation processes.

16 Barbara Kitzler Soil greenhouse gases fluxes from a long term compost experiment in Austria.

26 David FangueiroSlurry acidification using aluminium sulphate: an alternative to sulphuric acid with no limitation on Plant P availability after soil application

12:15 7 Patrick DabertStability of chemical and microbial composition of digestates along time in agricultural and urban full-scale anaerobic digesters

17 Harald Menzi Nitrogen flows of two dairy cows rotational grazing systems with differing diets

27 Francesc Domingo OlivéOil-seed rape yield from residual effect of prolonged manure application on an irrigated maize monoculture system under Mediterranean climate

12:30 8 Elio DinuccioOptimisation of maize stover harvesting chain for biogas production

18 Sven Gjedde Sommer Nitrous oxide emission from manure applied to grassland in New Zealand – effect on soil air exchange

28 Martin ChantignyTowards efficient use of manure in integrated crop-livestock systems – Soil organic nitrogen matters

12:45 -3 min oral

9 Anne TrémierMay an aerobic pretreatment improve the anaerobic digestion of food waste?

19 Travis Naylor Open Path Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy based technique for measuring emissions from livestock manure management and mitigation strategies

29 Richie HackettSpent mushroom compost as a nitrogen source for spring barley in Ireland.

12:48 -3 min oral

10 Fabrizio GioelliChemical, thermal and mechanic pre-treatments to increase the methane yield of rice straw

20 Francisco Salazar Ammonia volatilisation from dairy slurry as affected by application rate and temperature on a volcanic soil

30 Patrick ForrestalEvaluating the mineral fertiliser nitrogen replacement value of poultry manure in spring barley cropping

12:51 -3 min oral

11 Joshua CabellReactor experiments on the co-digestion of salmon smolt sludge and dairy cattle manure: opportunities and challenges for increased gas production and improved nutrient cycling.

21 Kenneth Casey Changes in nitrous oxide fluxes from feedlot manure in response to temperature and moisture addition

31 Francesc Domingo OlivéEffects of the application of solid and liquid fractions from pig slurry on wheat yield and quality

12:54 -3 min oral

12 William FinneganDairyWater: Sustainability and resource efficiency for the Irish dairy processing industry

22 Dominika Krol The effect of ruminant urine and dung deposition and synthetic nitrogen fertiliser application to pasture on Irish agricultural N2O profile

32 Michael GaffneyCompost in Crop Production: The role of feedstock in predicting nutrient availability

12:57 -3 min oral

13 Shuji YoshizawaCarbon dioxide reduction via carbon-sequestration by food waste biochar using in farmland from a life-cycle perspective

23 Andre Bannink Use of a Tier 3 method for enteric methane to estimate faecal N digestibility and ammoniacal N excretion in dairy cows

33 Ian Fox Effect of soil type on phosphorus availability from dairy slurry.

15


13:00 Lunch-Terrace Restaurant

Parallel Session 2

McLure 1Chair: F. Brennan, M.

Healy

McCarthyChair: R. Carolan, R.

Thorman

Oscar WildeChair: M Kranert and D. Wall

E. Sub-Theme 1 – Advances in Technologies

& Sub-Theme 3 – Gaseous Emissions

F. Sub-Theme 4 – Soil & Water Quality

G. Sub-Theme 5 – Adoption & Impact & Sub -Themes 2 –

Crop Nutrition

14:00-15 min oral

34 Philip MooreInexpensive Alternatives to Alum for Reducing Ammonia Emissions and Phosphorus Runoff from ManureSub-Theme 1

48 Denis Angers Animal manure and sequestration of atmospheric carbon in soils

62 Iris Beckert Verification of gaseous emissions from land-applied manure – Revision of the VERA test protocol “land applied manure”

14:15-15 min oral

35 Tavs NyordOn-line monitoring of nutrients (NPK) in liquid manure by a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) sensor installed directly at a spreaderSub-Theme 1

49 Ivan Dragicevic Environmental implications of aluminium and chromium release from soils amended with biogas digestates

63 Pat Murphy NMP-Online – A nutrient management planning system to support improved efficiency and environmental outcomes from organic and chemical fertiliser application on Irish farms

14:30-15 min oral

36 Michael Gaffney Characterisation of various composted wastes: using multivariate data analysis to assess the influence of feedstock and potential nutrient availabilitySub-Theme 1

50 Patricia Garnier PAH dynamic in agricultural soils amended with composts: experiments and modeling with the “VSOIL” platform

64 Piet Derikx Handheld NIR method to distinguish between heated and unheated manure fractions

14:45-15 min oral

37 Mônica Sarolli Silva De Mendonça CostaReduction of the composting time of agro-industrial wastes: effect on the main control parametersSub-Theme 1

51 Francis Larney Legacy effects of one-time applications of manure amendments to artificially eroded soils

65 Silvia Silvestri A new method and integrated approach for sustainable management of animal manure and slurry in alpine ecosystems.

15:00 -3 min oral

38 Francoise WatteauMicroplastic detection in soil amended with municipal solid waste composts as revealed by microscopy and pyrolysis/GC/MSSub-Theme 1

52 Fiona NicholsonEffect of repeated organic material additions on soil quality

66 Rachael Carolan Relative contribution of manure phosphorous fractions to soluble and plant available soil phosphorous following simulated land application Sub-Theme 5

16


15:03 -3 min oral

39 Thomas DuceyHydrothermal carbonization of livestock waste for the elimination of pathogens, antibiotic resistance genes, and the creation of sustainable byproducts for re-use in the agricultural sector. Sub-Theme 1

53 Paula Alvarenga Effects on soil chemical and biochemical status from recycling organic wastes to agricultural land: results from a field experiment

67 María Alejandra Herrero Development of a manure management decision support tool for dairy farmers in Argentina Sub-Theme 5

15:06 -3 min oral

40 Raul MoralEffect of inorganic carbon and natural organic matter in the efficiency of nitrogen recovery from liquid waste fluxes using gas-permeable membranes Sub-Theme 1

54 Michael Müller Monitoring heavy metal accumulation in Swiss grassland soils

68 Carlos Ortiz An integrated management of nitrogen: from farm to soil. LIFE+ project FUTUR AGRARISub-Theme 5

15:09 -3 min oral

41 Mônica Sarolli Silva De Mendonça CostaOptimization of the composting lenght of agro-industrial wastes and its effects on compost maturitySub-Theme 1

55 Julen Urra Long-term influence of sewage sludge on the presence and abundance of mobile genetic elements and antibiotic resistance genes in soil

69 Patricia GarnierEffect of organic fertilizers and sugarcane mulch mixture on decomposition rate, CO2 and N2O EmissionsSub-Theme 5

15:12 -3 min oral

42 Brigitte Eurich-MendenAssessment of emission factors for different dairy cattle housing systems in germany – measurement approach and first results Sub-Theme 3

56 Josefine Elving Survival of pathogens and indicator organisms during storage of digested residues following pre- or post-hygienization

70 Renaldas ŽydelisThe effect of different organic fertilizers on grain maize under cool climate Sub-Theme 2

15:15 -3 min oral

43 Maria Cruz Garcia-gonzalez Gas-permeable membranes to abate ammonia emissions from livestock wastes: developing the life project ammonia trapping Sub-Theme 3

57 Agathe Auer Survival of enteroviruses in mesophilic anaerobic digesters

71 Susanne Eich-Greatorex Presented by Trine SognBiogas digestate as NPK fertilizer Sub-Theme 2

15:18 -3 min oral

44 Cecilia Palmborg Low nitrogen losses indoors compared to outdoor storage for sheep deep litter in northern Sweden Sub-Theme 3

58 David Flynn Effects of Long-term Nutrient Fertilization on Root Decomposition in an Agricultural Grassland

72 Ziadi NouraEffect of biochar amendments on greenhouse crop productivity and on the nutrient and water use efficiency Sub-Theme 2

17


15:21 -3 min oral

45 Ian Kavanagh Mitigation of ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions from stored cattle slurry using acidifiers and chemical amendmentsSub-Theme 3

59 Paula Alvarenga Chemical and ecotoxicological effects of the use of drinking-water treatment residuals for the remediation of soils degraded by mining activities

73 Marta Aranguren Nitrate and ammonium dynamic in soil solution after applying animal manure in a wheat greenhouse experiment Sub-Theme 2

15:24 -3 min oral

46 Fabrice Guiziou Impact of digestate post-processing strategies on gaseous emission Sub-Theme 3

60 Daniela Bona Application of an early monitoring tool to assess the effects on soil microbial biomass of organic fertilizers and soil conditioners in different soils

74 Etienne Michel Effect of phosphorus fractionation in sludge on P dynamics in agroecosystemSub-Theme 2

15:27 -3 min oral

47 David Kelleghan Modelling ammonia emissions from broiler production in Cavan and Monaghan Sub-Theme 3

61 Jan Klir The fate of the nitrogen leached from the heaps of farmyard manure into the soil

75 S.M. Ashekuzzaman Seasonal assessment of major and micro nutrients content in dairy processing sludge: what potential for agricultural re-use? Sub-Theme 2

15:30 Afternoon tea (McLure Lobby)

15.30 – 17.30 Poster Session 1 (Mclure 2)

17:30-19:30 RAMIRAN Task Group Meetings (McCarthy)

19:00-20:00 Whiskey Tasting

20:00 Conference Dinner (McLure 1 & 2)

TUESDAY SEPTEMBER 5TH


Chair: S. Bittman, S. Lalor

9:00 (Keynote)

H. Sub-Theme 4 - Soil & Water Quality Paper no.76Dr. Gary Feyereisen, USDA-Agricultural Research ServiceLand-applied Manures & Residues: Water and Soil Quality Considerations

9:25 (Keynote)

Sub-Theme 5 - Adoption & Impact Paper no. 77John Williams, RSK-ADASScience into Action – How do we get the messages across?

9:50 (Keynote)

Sub-Theme 3 – Gaseous Emissions Paper no. 78Prof. Gary Lanigan, Teagasc Johnstown CastleOptimising Manure Management in Ireland

10:05 Morning tea & Posters-McLure Lobby

18


Parallel Session 3

McLure 1Chair: J. Martinez, A.

Sanz-Cobena

McCarthyChair: D. Chadwick, J.

Venglovsky

Oscar WildeChair: T. Boland, M. Plunkett

I.Sub -Theme 3- Gaseous Emissions

J. Sub -Theme 4 – Soil & Water Quality

K. Sub-Theme 5 – Adoption & Impact

10:30-15 min oral

79 David Rowlings Composting as a means of minimising greenhouse gas emissions from the Australian intensive animal industry manure supply chain

87 Mark Healy Treatment of agricultural wastewater using chemical amendments – a summary of 8 years of research

95 Michael Holly Environmental impact of Dairy Production Trends in the United States and Recommendations for Abatement

10:45-15 min oral

80 Nicholas Hutchings Reducing GHG emissions from manure as a contribution to achieving Effort Sharing Regulation targets

88 Andrew Sharpley Sustainable Manure Management and Water Quality: Regulatory Constraints and Practical Realities

96 Ina Körner Challenges of kitchen waste collection for decentralized

systems

11:00-15 min oral

81 Nicolas Auvinet On-site quantification of methane leaks from an agricultural biogas plant through three different methods

89 Shabtai Bittman Towards regional integration of waste resources in a peri-urban region in Canada

97 Veronica Charlon Environmental regulations on dairy waste management in South America countries

11:15-3 min oral

82 Rachael Carolan Gross nitrogen transformations in 15N labelled cattle slurry under simulated winter storage conditions

90 Daniel Munro Nutrient losses from solid manures stored in temporary field heaps

98 María Alejandra Herrero Manure management in dairy farms in Argentina and brazil: perceptions and demands from dairy professionals and farmers

11:18-3 min oral

83 Stuart Kirwan Effect of supplementary carbohydrate source on nitrogen excretion in beef heifers

91 David Fangueiro Effect of slurry treatment by acid or DMPP addition on nitrification potential after soil application

99 Sari Luostarinen Normative manure system as a tool towards enhanced manure use in Finland

11:21-3 min oral

84 Juliette Maire Identifying excreta patches on intensively grazed grassland using aerial imagery captured from an Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV)

92 Jan Venglovsky Pollution of surface and ground water by non-point sources related to agricultural activities

100 Masayuki Hojito Nitrogen Flow in an Organically Managed Beef Farm in Hokkaido, Japan

11:24-3 min oral

85 Yael Laor Effects of pomegranate nutritional additives on the dynamics of VOCs and odorants emissions from cattle manure

93 Karoline D’Haene Effectiveness of unfertilised cultivated buffer strips to reduce phosphorus loads

19


11:27-3 min oral

86 Zuzana Palkovičová Differences in amounts of greenhouse gas emission factors and emissions from enteric fermentation and manure management of Slovakian dairy cows between 2014 and 2015

94 Julie Jimenez Deciphering the organic matter kinetics of fresh and dried cattle farmyard manure thanks to organic matter fractionation and litter bags soil incubation assay

102 Laurence Loyon Manure management in France: a review of current data available for poultry, cattle and pig production

11:30 Poster Session 2 (McLure 2)

12:30 Packed lunch distributed for Field Trips

13.00 – 17.30 Field Trips

Johnstown Castle Research Centre Agricultural Catchment Site

18:00-21:00 Viking BBQ at the National Heritage Park, Ferrycarrig, Wexford

WEDNESDAY SEPTEMBER 5TH

Parallel Session 4

McLure 1Chair: P. Balsari, T. Curran

McCarthyChair: P. Forrestal, T. Kupper

Oscar WildeChair: B. Eurich-Menden, C.

Cordovil

L. Sub -Theme 3 – Gaseous Emissions

M. Sub -Theme 2 – Crop Nutrition & Sub -Theme 4 –

Soil & Water Quality

N. Sub -Theme 1 – Advances in Technology

9:00 103 John McIlroy Measurement and abatement of ammonia emissions (NH3) from naturally ventilated dairy cow house concrete floor surfaces under simulated north-west European conditions

109 Eeva-liisa ViskariFertilizer potential and environmental benefits of the use of source separated urine as fertilizerSub-theme 2

115 Co DaatselaarEconomic, environmental and social sustainability of bioecosim, an innovative manure processing technology

9:15 104 Romain Girault Impact of the experimental design on the quantification of gaseous emissions during the storage of solid digestate: a lab–scale study

110 Sofia DelinOptimal placement of pelleted organic fertilizersSub-theme 2

116 Maria Pilar BernalEvaluation of the slurry treatment system in a pig farm based on solid-liquid separation and composting

9:30 105 Anders Leegaard RiisThe effect of pH stability and ammonia emission on the frequency of acidification treatment of the slurry in a pig house

111 Peter Sørensen Anaerobic co-digestion of cattle manure and straw causes sulphate immobilisation in soil irrespective of digestion temperatureSub-theme 2

117 Marie-Line Daumer Substitution of chemical acidification by a biological process to dissolve phosphorus and produce struvite upstream from anaerobic digestion of pig slurry

9:45 106 Francesca Perazzolo Modelling ammonia emissions from slurry storage

112 Stephen Nolan Pathogen survival in anaerobic co-digestion of slurry with organic wasteSub-theme 4

118 Matias VanottiRecovery of amino acids and phosphorus from manure

20


10:00 107 William Burchill Ammonia emissions from naturally ventilated buildings in Ireland

113 Qing Chen Phosphorus transformation affected by manure application in alkaline soil Sub-theme 4

119 Giorgio ProvoloEffect of additives on phosphorus, copper and zinc separation in raw and digested animal slurries

10:15 108 Lena Rodhe Greenhouse gases from cattle slurry in full-scale storage during summer – crust treatments to reduce nitrous oxide emissions

114 Susanne Eich-Greatorex Soil amendment effects of biogas digestates Sub-theme 4

120 Lydia FrydaCan Biochar bring more manure in the soil? Exploring options and concepts

10:30 Morning tea-McLure Lobby


Chair: H. Menzi, T. Misselbrook

11.00 Co-Chair Reports for Sub -Themes 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

12:00 Open Discussion –focused on conference outcomes and their implications for research, policy, knowledge transfer and implementation at farm level to achieve sustainable utilisation of manures and residue resources in agriculture

12:45 Conference Summary, Poster Prize, announcement of New RAMIRAN Task groups, announcement of next RAMIRAN organisers & close

13.00 End of conference- lunch in Terrace Restaurant

14:00-16:00 Kick off meeting for New RAMIRAN Task Groups

21


Abstracts & Index

Intro into the abstracts & index..Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Quisque tempus iaculis aliquet. Etiam dictum finibus neque nec gravida. Sed ac porttitor leo, tincidunt tempus nisl. Nullam faucibus congue mauris, non maximus odio euismod at. Quisque eu metus laoreet, tincidunt sapien non, vestibulum eros. Sed sapien tortor, luctus ac eros ut, pretium ornare nisl. Praesent faucibus tortor vel scelerisque molestie. Vivamus varius at nibh id commodo.

Cras urna diam, suscipit sed ligula eu, ultrices vehicula ligula. Sed pellentesque mauris nunc, non efficitur nibh tristique nec. Duis dictum ex lacus, a finibus mi vehicula vel. Curabitur sit amet iaculis lorem. Vestibulum viverra dui euismod lorem blandit, pulvinar luctus ex luctus. Maecenas congue egestas augue eu consectetur. Morbi tincidunt sollicitudin enim ac vehicula. Duis sagittis orci vitae mi mattis hendrerit. Vestibulum lobortis odio eu lorem ultrices, ac laoreet elit luctus. Nullam imperdiet nisl id nisi rhoncus, rutrum aliquam mi vehicula. Aenean id elit ac quam egestas iaculis sed ut magna. Ut enim ex, varius et purus eget, facilisis auctor ante. Integer eu gravida orci. Integer volutpat tortor vel venenatis mattis. Nullam eu condimentum nisi. Nunc eu lacus dictum, aliquam velit vitae, luctus orci.

karl.richards

Comment on Text

dont need this

4

Cattlemanurebioacidification:effectsongaseousemissionandbiogasyieldProf.FabrizioGioelli1,Prof.PaoloBalsari1,LucaRollè1,dr.ElioDinuccio11Dept.ofAgricultural,ForestandFoodSciences(DISAFA),UniversitàDegliStudiDiTorino,Grugliasco(To),Italy

B.ParallelSession1-SubTheme1-AdvancesinTechnologies,McLure1,September4,2017,11:30-13:00

Ammoniaandgreenhousegasesemissionarearelevantproblemwhenconsideringmanuremanagement.AstrategyusedinDenmarktoprimarilyreduceNH3volatilizationconsistsinslurryacidificationwithsulfuricacidthatentailssafetyissues.Thepaperpresentsastudyperformedtoassessthefeasibilitytobio-acidifycattlemanurewithwheyanditseffectongaseousemissionandbiogasproduction.WheyapplicationtoliquidcattlemanurewascalibratedtoreachafinalpHof5.5.Measurementofammoniaandgreenhousegasesemission(fromunacidifiedandbio-acidifiedslurry)wereperformedinlabscaleconditionsbyaventilatedchambermethodandthreereplicatespertreatment.Thesameslurrysampleswereafterwardsutilizedforbiomethanepotentialassays,carriedoutinmesophilicconditionsaccordingtotheVDI4630(2006)standardmethod.ManuresampleswerechemicallyanalyzedpriorandafteremissionandBMPassays.Thetrialspointedoutthatslurrycanbeacidifiedbyusingaby-productsuchaswhey.EasilydegradableorganicmatterisindeedconvertedintovolatilefattyacidsleadingthepHtodropbelow5.5alreadyafter48hrsfromslurryamendment.Nevertheless,ahighamountofwheyisneededtoreachthetargetpH(0.46litersofwheyperliterofslurry).BothGHGandammoniaemissionweresignificantlyreducedbyslurrybio-acidification(-33%÷54%and-83÷86%respectively).However,after15daysoftrialsapeakinN2Oemissionwasrecordedfromacidifiedslurry.BMPassaysshowedanincreasedmethanepotential(upto+53%)fromacidifiedslurrywhencomparedtounacidifiedone.Thelatterdatasuggeststhatbio-acidificationwithwheycanbeareliabletechniquetoabategaseouslossesofpollutantgasalongthetemporarystorageofslurrypriortoitsuseasafeedstockforanaerobicdigestionplants.Despitethegoodresultsachievedintheexperimentthewhey/slurryratio(0.46)istoohightobesustainableinfarmconditions.Forthisreasonsfurthertrialswillbeperformedwithdriedwhey.Moreover,thelogisticofwheydeliverytofarmshavetobeeconomicallyandtechnicallyinvestigated.TrialsperformedwithintheLIFE-OPTIMAL2012project(OptimisednitrogenManagementfromLivestockproductioninAltoAdige;LIFE12ENV/IT/000671)VDI4630,2006.Fermentationoforganicmaterials.Characterisationofthesubstrate,sampling,collectionofmaterialdata,fermentationtests.

5

Understandingtheorganicnitrogenbiodegradabilityduringanaerobicdigestion:applicationtoammoniumcontentpredictionindigestates.YounesBareha1,2,3,DrRomainGirault1,3,DrJulieJimenez4,DrAnneTrémier1,31Irstea,Rennes,France,2UniversitéRennes1,Rennes,France,3UniversitéBretagneLoire,,France,4INRALBE,Narbonne,France


Predictionofthenitrogenpropertiesofdigestatesisagreatchallengetobettermanagetheanaerobicprocess,post-treatmentsandagriculturalrecoveryofdigestates.Theaimofthisstudyistounderstandorganicnitrogenaccessibilityanditsanaerobicbiodegradabilityinordertobetterpredictnitrogencharacteristicsofdigestates(ammoniumcontent,potentiallymineralizableandnot-mineralizable)nitrogenintosoils).Twoorganicmatterfractionationmethodswereusedtocharacterizeaccessibilityoforganicnitrogen.- “VS”methodallowingtheassessmentofchemicalaccessibility[2];- “EPS”methodallowingtheassessmentofcombinedbiochemicalandphysicalaccessibility[1].Fourfractionsweredeterminedbythesemethods:SOL(solublecontent),PROT(protein-likecontent),HOLO(hemicelluloseandcellulose-likecontent)andLIGN(non-extractible).Anaerobicnitrogenandcarbonbiodegradabilityweredeterminedusingbatchexperiments.Correlationsbetweenfractionationresultsandbiodegradabilitywereinvestigatedusingastatisticalanalysis.Organicnitrogenfractionationshowedthatnitrogenwaspresentinallthefractions,whateverthesubstratesandthecarbonrepartition:fromtheveryaccessible,tothenon-accessible.“EPS”fractionationshowedthatanimportantamountoforganicnitrogenwaslocatedinLIGNcompareto“VS”fractionationhighlightingthedetergenteffect(e.g.disintegration)oftheextractantsusedfor“VS”method.Thisresulthighlightedthattheanaerobicbiodegradationofanimportantpartoftheorganicnitrogenislimitedbyphysicalaccessibility.Thestatementissimilarfororganiccarbonforallsamples.Biodegradabilitytestsshowedthatorganicnitrogenwasnottotallydegraded.Itsbiodegradabilityvariesalotdependingonthesubstratesandwasnotcorrelatedwithcarbonbiodegradability.Statisticalanalysishighlightedacorrelationbetweenthemostaccessiblefractionsfrom“EPS”fractionationsmethod(SOL+PROT+HOLO)andbiodegradabilityfornitrogenandcarbon.Theseresultscanbeexplainedbycomplextransformationpathwaysfororganicnitrogenfractions.Resultsshowedthat“EPS”fractionationmethodwasabletoassesscombinedphysicalandbiochemicalaccessibility.Insubstrates,nitrogenisdistributedintofractionswithvariousaccessibilities.Characterizationoforganicmatterofsubstrateswith“EPS”methodallowedanaccuratepredictionofammoniumcontentintothedigestate.ThisstudywaspartofMéthaPolSolandConcept-digprograms,whicharesupportedbytheFrenchEnvironmentandEnergyAgency(ADEME).[1]Jimenez,J.,Aemig,Q.,Doussiet,N.,Steyer,J.-P.,Houot,S.,Patureau,D.,2015.BioresourceTechnology,194,344–353.[2]Denes,J.,Tremier,A.,Menasseri-Aubry,S.,Walter,C.,Gratteau,L.,Barrington,S.,2015.WasteManagement,36,44–56.

6

AnaerobicdigestionofpoultrymanureintwodryfermentationprocessesSariLuostarinen1,TapioSalo2,MaaritHellstedt31NaturalResourcesInstituteFinlandLuke,Helsinki,Finland,2NaturalResourcesInstituteFinlandLuke,Jokioinen,Finland,3NaturalResourcesInstituteFinlandLuke,Seinäjoki,Finland


Anaerobicdigestionmayenhancemanureuseasnutrientsandenergy.Poultrymanureisrichinboth,butitsN:P-ratioisunfavorableforcropsandC:N-ratiochallengingfordigestion.Dryfermentationisdevelopedtoutilizemanureenergyandimprovemanurefertilizeruseasdigestates.Here,twodryfermentationtechnologiesweretestedwithpoultrymanurefromlayinghen,turkeysandbroilers.Technology1wasacontinuousplug-flowdigester,whiletechnology2wasabatch-operatedtwo-stagesystem(leach-bed+methanogenicdigester).C:N-ratiooffeedwasadjustedwithgrasssilage,grass-cloversilageorstraw,dependingonthetechnologyandmanuretype.Technology1alsorequiredwateradditionfordilutionwithbroilerandturkeymanuretoachievetheapprox.30%totalsolids(TS)infeed.Bothtechnologiesusedinoculumfromfullscalebiogasplants.Nutrientcontentandavailabilityforcropsindigestatesweretested.Technology1yielded62,56and81m3ofmethanepertonoffreshweightforbroilermanure+grasssilage,layinghenmanure+grass-cloversilageandturkeymanure+grasssilage,respectively.Technology2yielded80and102m3CH4/tonforbroilermanureandturkey+straw.Layinghen+grass-cloversilageresultedininhibitionandslowmethaneproduction.Mostlikelythelowerresultoflayinghenmanurewasalsoduetoinhibitionintechnology1.Potentialreasonslieinhighnitrogencontentandthehighestbiologicalmethanepotentialmeasured.Intheongoingstudy,digestatequalitieswillbeanalyzedandtestedforfertilizervalueinpotexperiments.Layinghenmanurehashighermethaneproductionpotentialthanthatofbroilersandturkeys.However,italsoprovidedahigherinhibitionriskindryfermentationprocesses.Practicalsolutionsforanaerobicdigestionofpoultrymanurerequirecarefulplanningtoprovidesuccessfuloperationwithdryfermentationtechnologies.ResearcherswishtothanktheRuralDevelopmentProgram(RDP)forMainlandFinland2014-2020forfundingthestudy.

7

Stabilityofchemicalandmicrobialcompositionofdigestatesalongtimeinagriculturalandurbanfull-scaleanaerobicdigestersDr.PatrickDabert1,Dr.ArianeBize2,Dr.OlivierChapleur2,AIJulieBuffet1,AISophieLeRoux1,Dr.AnneTrémier11Irstea-UROPAALE,17AvenuedeCucillé-CS64427,F-35044Rennes,France,2Irstea-URHBAN,1ruePierre-GillesdeGennes-CS10030,F-92761Antony,France


Anaerobicdigestionisusedtotreatanincreasingrangeoforganicwasteorresiduefromagro-foodindustry,agricultureorurbanactivities.Stabilityoftheprocessesisakeyissueforbothbiogasproductionanddigestatequality.Thisworksampledfivefull-scaledigestionplantsalongoneyeartoanalyzethechemicalandmicrobialcompositionoftheirdigestate.Thestudiedplantsweretwoagricultural(livestockwasteonly),oneterritorial(livestockandagro-foodwastes),andtwourbandigesters(greenwasteororganicfractionofhouseholdwaste)workinginmesophilicorthermophilicandsolidorliquidconditions.Samplingwasrealizedevery2months.Digestatephysic-chemicalandmicrobiologicalcompositionswerestudiedusingclassicalorganicmatteranalyses(drymatter,organicmatter,totalcarbon,totalnitrogen,organicnitrogen,ammonia-nitrogen,andnitrous-nitrogen)andmolecularmicrobiology(16SrDNA-targetedquantitativePCR,moleculartypingandhigh-throughputSequencing).Theresultsshowanoverallstabilityoftheprocesses,exceptfortheterritorialADprocessthatwasinitsstart-upphase:• Variationsofrawdigestatecompositionduringtimewerebelow20%for90%oftheparametersmeasured.• Plantsdealingwithmanureproduceddigestatewithammonia/totalnitrogenratioabove60%whiledigestatefrommunicipalwastehadthehigherC/Nratioduetolowerinitialnitrogencontent.• ThenumberofBacteriaremainedstableforallplants(109to1010genecopies/gofdigestate)exceptfortheterritorialADprocesswhosenumberincreasedof108to109copies/gdigestate.ThemethanogenicArchaearepresentedbetween5and20%ofthetotalmicroorganisms.• Eachplantbacterialcommunitycompositionremainedrelativelystablealongtheyearandappearedtodifferfromoneplanttoanotheraccordingtothetemperatureoftheprocessandtheammoniaconcentrationofthedigestate.Theseresultsshowthatfull-scaleplantsoperatedinrealindustrialconditionshavearelativelystablechemicalandmicrobialcompositionoftheirdigestatethatisinfluencedbythetreatedsubstratesandprocessparameters.ThisstudywasfundedbytheANR(FrenchResearchNationalAgency)withinits“Bioenergy2010”program.

8

OptimisationofmaizestoverharvestingchainforbiogasproductionDr.ElioDinuccio1,Dr.GianfrancoAiroldi1,Prof.FabrizioGioelli1,Prof.PaoloBalsari11UniversityofTurin,Grugliasco,Italia


Maize-cropresiduescouldpotentiallybeasourceofbio-energy.However,theutilizationoftheseresiduesinbiomass-to-energyconversionplantsneedsthedevelopmentofproperbiomassharvestandtemporarystoragechains.Inthisstudythreedifferentharvestingchainsfortheenergeticvalorizationofmaizestoverinanaerobicdigestionplantswerecompared.ThreedifferentharvestingchainswereinvestigatedonaFAO600classmaizehybrid(PioneerPR32F73),plantedintoanirrigatedarableareaofwesternItaly.Foreachharvestingchainthefollowingaspectwererecorded(ASABE,2011):fieldcapacity(i.e.,numberofhacoveredperhour)ofeachmachineinvolvedinharvesting,amountofcollectedbiomass,directandindirectenergeticcosts.BiochemicalmethanepotentialofharvestedbiomasswasalsoassessedbylaboratoryscalebatchassaysaccordingtoStandardMethodsVDI4630(2006).Biochemicalmethanepotentialofharvestedbiomasswasequalto93.1GJha-1and4.3GJMg-1(wetbasis,w.b.)forChain1,26.2GJha-1and6.6GJMg-1(w.b.)forChain2,and25.5GJha-1and6.6GJMg-1(w.b.)forChain3.Chain1pointedoutthebetterperformance,withanenergeticcostforharvestandstorageofstoversof5.2GJha-1,correspondingto5.6%oftheenergeticcontentoftheharvestedmaterial.Chain2andChain3haveshownanenergeticcostforharvestandstorageofstovers,respectively,of3.8GJha-1and2.9GJha-1,equivalentrespectivelyto14.5andto11.4%oftheenergeticcontentofharvestedbiomass.Thetestedharvestingchainsshoweddifferentfieldcapacityandenergyretrievedinanaerobicdigestionplants.Chain1wasthemostefficientchainamongthoseanalysed,withanenergyoutput:inputratioof15.8,followedbyChain3withoutput:inputratioof7.6,andbyChain2withoutput:inputratioof6.1.ASABE2011.Standardsengineeringpracticesdata(58thed.).AmericanSocietyofAgriculturalandBiologicalEngineers.VDI4630,2006.Fermentationoforganicmaterials.CharacterisationoftheSubstrate,Sampling,CollectionofMaterialData,FermentationTests.

9

Mayanaerobicpretreatmentimprovetheanaerobicdigestionoffoodwaste?DrAnneTrémier1,DrHenryFisgativa1,DrPatrickDabert11Irstea,Rennes,France


Background&ObjectivesFoodlossandwastageleadtomajoramountofwastethathastobepreventedasmuchaspossible.However,non-preventablefoodwaste(FW)alsorepresentsaveryinterestingbioresourceforenergyproductionthroughanaerobicdigestion.ToensuredigestionperformanceandlimitnegativeimpactsofFWcharacteristicsvariationonbiogasproduction,anaerobicpretreatmenthasbeeninvestigated.Materials&MethodsAnexperimentaldesignwasproposedtotesttheinfluenceofthreeparametersontheFWanaerobicdigestionperformance:(1)thetypologicalcontentofFW(paper/nopaper);(2)theaerobicpretreatment(nopretreatment/dynamicaeration[1]/staticstorage);(3)thewaytomanagetheanaerobicdigestionprocess(twofrequenciesofleachaterecirculationinabatchleachbedreactor(LBR)[2]).TheperformanceofthedigestionwasassessedbymeasuringpH,VFA,biogasvolumeandcomposition.Results&DiscussionTheexperimentaldesignshowedthatFWanaerobicdigestion(AD)performswellinaLBRwithoutaerobicpretreatmentandwithoutpaperintheFW.Thebatchtestdemonstratedabiogasproductionreachingmorethan80%ofthebiomethanepotentialwithadailyleachaterecirculation.AhighproductionofVFAwasnoticedevenifconcentrationdidnotleadtoinhibition.Alowerfrequencyofleachaterecirculationandtheadditionofpaperinducedalowerproductionofmethane.Theintroductionofatwo-dayaerationstepstabilizedtheproductionofVFAalongthedigestionprocess.Moreover,itenabledabetterdegradationofthepaperandincreasedthedigestionperformanceincaseoflowfrequencyofleachaterecirculation.Conversely,afterastaticstoragestep,arapidacidificationofthewastemediumwasobservedalongwithasignificantdecreaseofmethaneproduction.ConclusionConsideringthepreviousresults,usingdynamicaerationaspretreatmentcouldbeofhighinteresttostabilizesmallscaleprocessesofFWanaerobicdigestion.Moreover,furtherinvestigationshavetobeperformedtounderstandthetransformationoftheFWduringthestoragestepanditsinfluenceonAD.AcknowledgementThisresearchworkwasperformedwithinaPhDstudyfundedbytheRegionBretagne,FranceReferences[1]Berthe,L.,etal.2007.Couplingarespirometerandapycnometer,tostudythebiodegradabilityofsolidorganicwastesduringcomposting.BiosystemsEngineering,97(1),75-88.[2]Degueurce,A.,etal.2016.Dynamiceffectofleachaterecirculationonbatchmodesolidstateanaerobicdigestion.BioresourceTechnology,216,553-561

10

Chemical,thermalandmechanicpre-treatmentstoincreasethemethaneyieldofricestrawProf.PaoloBalsari1,dr.ElioDinuccio1,Prof.FabrizioGioelli11Dept.ofAgricultural,ForestandFoodSciences(DISAFA),UniversitàDegliStudiDiTorino,Grugliasco(To),Italy


EnergycropsarestillthemostrepresentativefeedstockforItalianbiogasplant.Nevertheless,theirreplacementwithagriculturalby-productsisstronglyrecommended.InPiemonteRegion300Mtofricestraw(drybasis)areproducedperyear.Duetoitsligno-cellulosicstructure,strawisnotcommonlyusedforbiogasproduction.Thus,wetesteddifferentpre-treatmentstoincreasethericestrawmethaneyield.RicestrawwasroundbaledandwrappedbyplasticsheetsatafarmlocatedinPiemonteRegion.Eachbalewaschemicalpre-treatedbyinjectingammonia.Untreatedstrawwasusedascontrol.Aftersixmonths,strawwascollectedandfurtherpre-treatedatlaboratoryscale(chopping,pressurecookingandacombinationofthetwopre-treatments).Thebiologicalmethanepotential(BMP)ofthestrawwasafterwardsassessedbybatchassaysaccordingtotheVDI4630standardmethodology.Thechemicalanalysisofricestrawfibersshowedasignificanteffectofpre-treatments:comparedtothecontrol(untreatedstraw),thehemicellulose,celluloseandlignincontentsignificantly(p<0.05)decreasedinallammonia-pretreatedstrawsamples,confirmingthatalkalinepretreatmentsisabletoimprovetheefficiencyinbreakingdownlignocellulosesmatrixanddecompositionofdissolvedpolysaccharides.TheBMPassayspointedoutthatchemical,mechanicandthermalpre-treatmentsalonecanenhancethestrawmethaneyieldby60%,45%and20%respectivelywhencomparedtocontrol.Thecombinedeffectofthermalandmechanictreatmentsresultedina30%BMPincrease,whereasthecombinationofchemicalandthermalpre-treatmentshowedtoreducethesamples’methaneyieldprobablyduetoinhibitingcompoundsproductionalongheating.Resultsshowthatallthepre-treatmentswiththeexceptionofthechemical+thermalhavethepotentialtoincreasethericestrawBMP.Comparedtomechanicandthermal,ammoniapre-treatmentshowedtobesignificantlymoreeffective.Nevertheless,thefeasibilityofammoniapre-treatmentinreal-scaleplantmustbeinvestigated.VDI4630,2006.Fermentationoforganicmaterials.Characterisationofthesubstrate,sampling,collectionofmaterialdata,fermentationtests.

11

Reactorexperimentsontheco-digestionofsalmonsmoltsludgeanddairycattlemanure:opportunitiesandchallengesforincreasedgasproductionandimprovednutrientcycling.Mr.JoshuaCabell1,Dr.RuthGebauer11NorwegianInstituteForBioeconomyResearch,Tingvoll,Norway


Fishsludge(fecesandfeed)isawasteproductfromNorway’ssalmonindustryandishighinenergyandnutrients.Astudytotestthefeasibilityofco-digestingsludgefromasmolthatcherywithdairycattlemanure(DCM)inlab-scaleanaerobicdigesterswasconductedwiththegoaloffindingtheoptimalmixtureformaximumgasproductionandastableprocess.Fourcontinuously-stirredtankreactorswereutilizedintheanaerobicco-digestionofsmoltsludgeandDCMinamesophilic,semi-continuousflow-throughprocess.Allreactorswereinoculatedwithdigestateandfed600mlpurecattlemanuredaily,thentransitionedto150mlsludge(15,9%DM)and375mlofamixof20%sludgeand80%manure,two-and-two.Organicloadingratewasmaintainedat2gCOD/l/dthroughoutforallreactors.Volatilefattyacidlevelswereusedtomonitorprocessstability.Hydraulicretentiontime(HTR)inthetworeactorsthatreceivedfishsludgeincreasedfrom30to120days.Specificmethaneproductionaftertransitionfrommanuretosludgeincreasedfrom0.077to0.248l/gCODand4.6to60.5Nm3/tonsubstrate.Ammoniumconcentrationsfirstincreasedafterreactorvolumereached10%fishsludge.WhenNH4concentrationreached3000mg/l,VFAlevelsincreasedto2000mg/landbeyond.Gasproductionremainedstableuntilproportionfishsludgeinthereactorreached28%,andsubstratewaschangedtocontrolVFA.Operationwiththemixtureof20%fishsludgeand80%manureresultedinanHTRof48days.Specificmethaneproductionincreasedto0.175l/gCODand16.5Nm3/tonsubstrate.Despiteammoniumconcentrationofupto6000mg/l,VFAlevelsremainedlowandgasproductionremainedstableuntiltheexperimentwasstoppedwhenreactorvolumereached16%fishsludge.Therewerenosignsofinhibition.Co-digestionoffishsludgewithDCMiseffectiveforincreasingbiogasproductionwhilemaintainingastableprocessovertime,thuspotentiallymakingfarm-scalebiogasproductionmoreprofitableandhelpingtoclosenutrientloops.Inthisexperiment,aratioof20%sludgeand80%manuregavebestresults.ThisresearchwasfundedbytheMid-NorwayRegionalResearchFundoftheResearchCouncilofNorway.

12

DairyWater:SustainabilityandresourceefficiencyfortheIrishdairyprocessingindustryDrWilliamFinnegan1,2,ProfXinminZhan1,21NationalUniversityofIrelandGalway,Galway,Ireland,2RyanInstituteforEnvironmental,MarineandEnergyResearch,Galway,Ireland


Theabolishmentofmilkquotasin2015resultedinanimmediateincreaseinmilkproductioninIreland.Thisincreaseinthevolumeofmilkbeingprocessedisdrivingtheneedforinnovativetechnologicalandoperationalsolutionswithinthedairyprocessingindustry.InthiscontextDairyWater,amulti-stakeholderresearchproject,isdevelopinginnovativesolutionsforefficientmanagementwithintheindustry.DairyWaterisledbyNUIGalwayandinvolvesleadingresearchgroupsatUniversityCollegeCork,TrinityCollegeDublin,AthloneITandTeagasc.Theprojectintodividedintothreemainresearchareas:dairywastewatertreatmenttechnologies;waterre-useandrainwaterharvesting;andenvironmentallifecycleassessment(LCA).Themajorityoftheresearchwillbelaboratorybased.However,therewillbeapilot-scalewastewatertreatmentsystemunitandawaterpilot-scaletreatmentsystem,whicharelocatedatalargedairyprocessingplant.Asignificantportionofthelaboratory-scaleexperimentalworkhasbeingcompleted.Theperformanceoftheintermittentlyaeratedsequencingbatchreactor(IASBR)fortheremovalofnitrogenandphosphorushasbeenprovenatlaboratory-scale[1]andapilot-scaleunithasbeeninstalledattheAurivoDairiesplantinCo.Roscommon.InparallelthemicrobialcommunitystructureoftheIASBRbiomassisbeingestablishedtoincreasetheunderendowingoftheperformanceofthesystem.Additionally,theuseofnano-zeolitetoremovenutrientsfordairywastewaterhasbeenshown.TheuseofpulsedUVandlowpressureUVdisinfectiontechnologiesforwaterreuseinthedairyprocessingindustryhasbeenevaluated[2].Theadvantagesofeachsystemandtheirsuitabilityhavebeenestablished.TheenvironmentalimpactassociatedwiththemanufactureofdairyproductsinIrelandhasbeenestimatedandrecommendationstoreducetheimpacthavebeenprovided[3,4].ThetechnologiesbeingexploredintheDairyWaterprojectarekeyiftheIrishdairyprocessingindustryistoremaincompetitiveandsustainable.Overthecomingyears,thiswillbecomeincreasinglyimportantaswaterandairemissionslimitsbecomemorestringentandagrowingcommercialdriveforoperationalefficiencies.TheauthorswishtoacknowledgethefundingprovidedbytheDepartmentofAgriculture,FoodandtheMarineforDairyWater(www.dairywater.ie)(Ref.:13-F-507).[1]Fitzhenry,K.etal.2016.ProceedingsofCERI2016.Galway,Ireland.[2]Tarpey,E.etal.2016.ProceedingsofLivestockWaste2016.Galway,Ireland.[3]Finnegan,W.,Goggins,J.,Clifford,E.andZhan,X.2015.JournalofCleanerProduction.[4]Finnegan,W.,Goggins,J.,Clifford,E.andZhan,X.2017.ScienceoftheTotalEnvironment,579,159–168.

13

Carbondioxidereductionviacarbon-sequestrationbyfoodwastebiocharusinginfarmlandfromalife-cycleperspectiveProfessorShujiYoshizawa11MeiseiUniversity,2-1-1Hodokubo,Hino,Japan


Carbonsequestrationinthesoiliseffectivewithusingbiocharintothefarmland[1][2].Foodwastewascollectedandcarriedintoacarbonizationplant.Thebiocharwastransportedtothesoilimprovementagentmanufacturingplant.Inthisstudy,theaspectsofgenerationofcarbondioxidebytransportationandcarbonization,andtheviewpointofcarbonstorageinthesoilwasestimated.Foodwasteasarawmaterialofthebiocharwasgatheredfromabout50supermarkets.Waterofthefoodwastewassqueezedinordertodecreasethemoisturecontentunder65wt%.Thefoodwastewascarbonizedwithoutside-heatingtypefurnacein550–600oCfortowhours.Finally,thebiocharwaspulverizedintothegrainsizeofunder3mm.Thebiocharpowderandcompostwereusedattherateof10t/hatothefarmlandsoil.Ingredientofthebiocharwasmeasured.Theaverageashcontentwas6.2%,whichwashigherthanthoseofthebiocharmadefromwoodandbamboo,theaveragevolatilemattercontentwas34.4%.Finally,thefixedcarboncontentwasestimatedtobe56.0%.Theannualfoodgarbageemissionsfrom50supermarketsare6,982.45t/yr.Astheconversiontothebiocharis7.5%andthefixedcarboncontentis56.0%,theannualcarbonamountinthebiocharisobtainedtobe293.26tC/yrcorrespondingto1,075.3tCO2/yr,whichisannualcarbonstorageamountinthesoil.Inthegenerationofcarbondioxide,297.5tCO2/yrbasedonthedehydrationandcarbonizationand87.8tCO2/yrbasedontransportationofthefoodwasteandthebiocharwereestimated.Asthetotalcarbondioxidegenerationof385.3tCO2/yr,thecarbondioxidereductionintheairwasestimatedtobe690.0tCO2/yr.Foodwasteof6,982.45t/yrwascarbonizedtopreparethebiocharwherecarbonwascontainedannually293.26tC/yr.Generatedcarbondioxideamountfromthecarbonizationandthetransportationofthefoodwasteandthebiocharwas385.3tCO2/yr.Finally,thecarbondioxidereductionwasestimatedtobe690.0tCO2/yr.TheauthorthanksGaeadreamcorp.forprovidingbasicdataofthisresearch.[1]Hamann,K.,Torn,M.,Lapenas,A.andSchmidt,M.2008.Biogeosci.Discussion5,661-683[2]Lehmann,J.,Czimczik,C.,Laird,D.andSohi,S.2009.BiocharforEnvironmentalManagement(Lehmann,J.andJoseph,S.eds)pp.183-205,Earthscan,London

14

OptimisingdigestateforreducednitrogenlossesandincreasednitrogenuseefficiencyunderawinterwheatcropDrAlisonCarswell1,DrAntonioSánchez-Rodríguez2,MrJohnHunt1,DrRoryShaw2,MissKarenSaunders1,MrJosephCotton2,Prof.DaveyJones2,Prof.DaveChadwick2,DrTomMisselbrook11RothamstedResearch,NorthWyke,UK,2BangorUniversity,,UK

C.ParallelSession1-SubTheme3-GaseousEmissions,McCarthy,September4,2017,11:30-13:00

Nutrient-richdigestatefromanaerobicdigestionplantsrepresentsaviablealternativetosyntheticfertilisers.However,applieddigestatecanbesusceptibletobothNH₃andN₂Olosses,withnegativeenvironmentalimpacts,reducingtheamountofNavailableforcropuptake.OurobjectivesweretoexaminemethodsforincreasingtheNuseefficiency(NUE)ofdigestatebyreducingtheseNlosspathways.AplottrialwithwinterwheatwasconductedatRothamstedResearch,Devon,toassessyield,Nofftake,andNH₃andN₂Olossesfollowingdigestateapplication.Treatmentsweredigestate(D),acidifieddigestate(AD),digestatewiththenitrificationinhibitorDMPP(DNI),ADwithDMPP(ADNI),andazeroNcontrol(C).Digestatewasband-spreadatarateof190kgNha-¹.Ammoniaemissionsweredeterminedusingwindtunnels,andN₂Ousingstaticchambers.GrainandstrawNofftakeweremeasured.WewillpresentNH₃emissionsforthe7daysfollowingapplication,N₂Oemissionsuntilbackground(basedontheCplots)fluxesarereached,andchangesinsoilmineralNconcentrationsintheweeksdirectlyfollowingapplication.CropNofftakewillbeincludedtoderivetheNUEofthedifferentdigestatetreatments.YieldresponsecurvestoappliedN,calculatedfromaccompanyingsyntheticfertiliserNrateplots,willbeusedtoderivethefertiliserNreplacementvalueofthedifferentdigestatetreatments.OurresultswillhighlightthepotentialtoimprovetheNUEandagronomicvalueandreducetheenvironmentalimpactsofdigestateuseforcropproduction.WedemonstratetheimpactsofmitigatinggaseousemissionsfromdigestateontheNUEofawinterwheatcrop.HighlightingthepotentialforacidificationorthenitrificationinhibitorDMPPforreducingemissionsfromthisresource.ThistrialformspartoftheBBSRCandNERCNewton-fundproject,theUK-ChinaJointCentreforImprovedNitrogenAgronomy(CINAg).

15

SeasonaltrendsintheemissionofammoniafromdairymanureappliedtograsslandintheNetherlandsdrJanHuijsmans1,drBertVermeulen1,drsPaulGoedhart11WageningenPlantResearch,Wageningen,Netherlands


Ammonia(NH₃)emissionfromfieldappliedmanuredependsonweather,fieldandmanurecharacteristics.TheobjectivewastoimproveestimationofNH₃emissionfromfield-appliedmanure.Inparticulartheeffectofprevailingweatherconditionsassociatedwithconsecutiveperiodsaftermanureapplicationwasanalysed.ThisenablescomparisonoffavourableandunfavourableweatherconditionsonNH₃emission.Fielddataonammoniaemissionafterdairymanureapplicationtograsslandwerestatisticallyanalysedtorevealtheeffectofmanurecharacteristicsandfieldandweatherconditions.Logisticregressionmodels,modelingtheremainingpercentageemissionineachofeightconsecutiveperiodsaftermanureapplication,weredevelopedseparatelyforbroadcastspreading,narrowbandapplicationandshallowinjection.Thegoodnessoffitofthesequenceofregressionmodelswasevaluatedbycomparingobservedandfittedcumulativeemissions.Windspeed,temperature,soiltype,TANanddrymattercontent,applicationrateandgrassheightwereselectedassignificantexplanatoryvariables.Theireffectsarespecificperapplicationmethodandmaybeconfinedtocertaintimeperiodsafterapplication.ThefittedregressionmodelswereusedtorevealseasonaltrendsinNH₃emissionemployinghistoricalmeteorologicaldataoftheyears1991-2014.Theoverallaverageemissionwashigherinsummerthaninearlyspringorlatesummer.Thisseasonaltrendwasmostpronouncedforbroadcastspreadingfollowedbynarrowbandapplicationandwasalmostabsentforshallowinjection.However,insomeyears,conditionsfavourableforemissionoccurredinearlyspring,whileunfavourableconditionsoccurredinsummer.Theanalysisrevealedthatemissioncanbereducedtoalimitedextentbyapplyingmanureunderfavourableweatherconditions,forexamplewhenmanureapplicationisrestrictedtothe5mostfavourabledaysofamonth.Theregressionmodelsoffertheopportunitytointegrateseasonalweathereffectsintotheestimationofthenationalemissionformanureapplication.ThemodelscanalsobeusedtoestimatethereductionofNH₃emissionwhenmanureisonlyappliedunderfavourableweatherconditions.

16

SoilgreenhousegasesfluxesfromalongtermcompostexperimentinAustria.Dr.BarbaraKitzler1,Dipl.Ing.CarolineSpann1,Dr.AdelheidSpiegel21FederalResearchCentreforForests(BFW),DepartmentofForestEcologyandSoils,Vienna,Austria,2InstituteforSustainablePlantProduction,DepartmentforSoilHealthandPlantNutrition,AustrianAgencyforHealthandFoodSafety(AGES),Spargelfeldstrasse191,Vienna,Austria


Theapplicationofcompostsasfertilizersisbecomingincreasinglyimportanttoachieveaclosed-loopeconomy.However,soilgreenhousegas(GHG)emissions,especiallyN2O,fromagriculturalfieldsmayincreaseaswell.InthisstudydifferentcomposttypesandNamountswereinvestigated,especiallyintermsoftheirsoilGHGfluxes.WeusedtheclosedchambermethodtomeasureN2O,CH4andCO2ratesoveronevegetationperiodfromalongtermcompostexperiment(Ritzlhof,UpperAustria).Sixtreatmentswereinvestigated:Organicwastecompost(OWC)andfarmyardmanurecompost(FYC)wasappliedwithnitrogenconcentrationsof175or525kgNha-1.Twotreatmentswerefertilizedadditionallywith80kgNha-1mineralfertilizer.TN-wasfertilizedwithmineralfertilizer(120kgNha-1).TreatmentCwastheunfertilizedcontrol.Highestnitrousoxide(N2O)fluxeswereemittedinspringbutwealsoobserveduptakeofN2O,whichpointstotemporarilyN2Osinksintheinvestigatedarablesoils.AttheFYCtreatmentshighestfluxesweremeasured(<1.5kgNha-1)overthefivemonthperiod.LowerN2OemissionsweremeasuredfromtheOWCtreatments(<1.1kgNha-1).ThecombinationofcompostandmineralNfertilizationresultedinN2Oemissionpeaksafterprecipitationevents.ThetreatmentsOWC1andFYC1werenotdifferentfromthecontrol.Highestcomposttreatments(OWC3andFYM3)showedunexpectedlowN2Oemissionrates.Soilsinthissiteweremethanesinks.DifferentcompostamendmentsmayhavecausedadecreaseinsoilbulkdensityandbetteraerationandthereforeenhancedCH4uptakefromsoils.FertilizationwithcompostdidnothaveasignificanteffectonCO2emissionsandtheirtemporaldistribution.N2Olosseswerelow,buttocaptureallpeakemissionsfluxmeasurementsshouldbeperformedmorefrequentlythanevery3weeks.Furtheranalyses(NO3leaching,NOx,N2andNH3)lossesarenecessarytoclosethenitrogenbudget.

17

NitrogenflowsoftwodairycowsrotationalgrazingsystemswithdifferingdietsChristofAmmann1,HaraldMenzi2,3,KarlVoglmeier11AgroscopeResearchStation,ClimateandAirPollution,8046Zürich,Switzerland,2AgroscopeResearchStation,Ruminantnutrition,1725Posieux,Switzerland,3SwissFederalOfficefortheEnvironment;AirPollutionandChemicalsDivision,CH-3003Bern,Switzerland


GrazinghasrecentlygainedinimportanceinSwitzerland.Littlereliableandup-to-datedatatoestimateandassessNitrogen(N)flowsandemissionsforSwissgrazingsystemsisavailable.ToprovidenewemissionfactorsandtoassesstheNcycle,Nflowsandammoniaandnitrousoxideemissionsweredeterminedfortwoherdsofdairycowsoverthewholegrazingseason.TwoherdsoftwelvelactatingdairycowseachweregrazedonseparaterotationalgrazingpaddocksfromApriltoOctober2016.Thefeedingconsistedofa)grassonlyandb)grassplus25%maizesilage.ForageandNuptakewereestimatedwiththealkanemethodandfeedingmodelcalculation.Ammoniaandnitrousoxideemissionsweremeasuredwithmicrometeorologicalandchambermethods[1,2],bothforthewholepastureandindividualexcretapatches.Nflowswerethenmodelledforthetwosystems.Dataassessmentwasstillongoingwhenthisabstractwassubmitted.Detailedresultswillbepresentedattheconference.TheywillcompriseanassessmentofthewholeNcycleofthetwosystemsaswellasemissionmeasurementresultsandprovisionalsuggestionsofhowthesecouldbeusedformodelling.Grazingcontributes20%ofSwisscattleNexcretions.Asgrazinghasaconsiderableinfluence(lesseningeffect)ontotalammoniaemissions,newemissionfactorsareurgentlyrequired.Theywillallowmorereliablemodellingandabetterassessmentofvariousconflictingaims,e.g.grazingvsnograzingforemissionsandanimalwelfare.WethanktheSwissNationalScienceFoundationforthefinancialsupportoftheproject.[1]AmmannC.,etal.2012.Measuringthebiosphere-atmosphereexchangeoftotalreactivenitrogenbyeddycovariance.Biogeosciences,9,4247-4261.[2]HensenA.,etal.2006.DairyfarmCH4andN2Oemissions,fromonesquaremetretothefullfarmscale.AgricultureEcosystemsandEnvironment,112(2/3),146–152.

18

NitrousoxideemissionfrommanureappliedtograsslandinNewZealand–effectonsoilairexchangeDrSvenGjeddeSommer1,Dr.TimothyJ.Clough2,Dr.NimleshBalaine21UniversityOfSouthernDenmark,OdenseM,Denmark,2LincolnUniversity,Lincoln85084,,NewZealand


Nitrousoxide(N2O)andammonia(NH3)emissionsfrommanureonNewZealanddairyfarmsaresignificant.Ammoniaemissionfromfield-appliedmanureisreducedbyreducingdrymatter(DM),butthismaycauseanincreaseorareductioninN2Oemissiondependingonsoilconditions.WeexaminedhowDMreductionaffectedN2OandNH3emissionfrommanureappliedongrassland.DairycattlemanureswithDMcontentsof16%(HDM)or6%(LDM)wereappliedtograssland(3cmheight)nearLincolnUniversity(NewZealand)infall.Twelvefieldplotscomprisingfourreplicatesofthreetreatments(HDM,LDMandcontrol)wereused.EmissionofNH3wasassessedusingsurfacepHandammoniumconcentration,withN2Oemissionsdeterminedwiththestaticchambermethod.Diffusionofoxygeninthesoil(Dp/Do),soilporosityanddissolvedorganiccarbon(DOC)werealsomeasured.Thesoilwasdryduetolittlerainduringtheresearchperiodandthedroughtduringthesummer.Consequently,N2Oemissionswerelow:cumulativeN2OemissionsfromtheLDMandHDMplotscorrespondedto8%and15.0%ofTANappliedor0.0026%and0.013%oftotal-Napplied,respectively.Soilairfilledporosityandpermeabilitywereun-affectedbymanureapplication.Incontrast,Dp/DowasaffectedbymanurebuttherewerenosignificantdifferencesinDp/DobetweenHDMandLDMtreatedsoil.N2OemissionfromthisdrysoilwaslinearlyrelatedtoDOCinthesoilindicatingthatoxygenconsumptionwasamaindriver.Theemissionwasnotrelatedtooxygendiffusion,probablyduetotheverydrysoilconditionsduringthestudy.CumulativeNH3emissionsfromtheHDMplotswere5%ofTANappliedandfromtheLDMplots1.2%.ReductioninNH3emissiondidnotcausepollutionswopping.N2OemissionfromdrysoilswithsurfaceappliedmanurewasrelatedtoDOCconcentrationinthesoil.BothN2OandNH3emissionswerehigherfromplotsreceivingHDMmanurethansoilsamendedwithLDMmanure.ReducingNH3emissionbyloweringmanureDMdidnotcausepollutionswopping.ThisworkwasmadepossiblebyaGRASSfellowshipandtheCleanwasteprojectfinancialsupportedbytheInnovationFundDenmark.

19

OpenPathFourierTransformInfra-redSpectroscopybasedtechniqueformeasuringemissionsfromlivestockmanuremanagementandmitigationstrategiesMrTravisNaylor


Open-PathFourierTransformInfra-redspectroscopy(OP-FTIR)providesaprecisetechniquetomeasureandcomparegaseousemissionsfromdifferentmanuremanagementpractices.Thetechniqueprovidescontinuousmeasurementswithhighspatialcoverage(50-400m),acrossdifferingenvironmentstogiveimprovedunderstandingofgaseousemissionsfrommanuremanagementpractices.ThetechniquehasbeenusedtomeasuregaseousemissionsfromAustralianporkandpoultryindustries.TwoOP-FTIRsystems,eachmeasuring2-3measurement-paths(50-100m),weredeployedtomeasuremethane(CH₄),nitrousoxide(N₂O),andammonia(NH₃)emissionsfromdifferentmanuremanagementpractices,withemissionstrengths(fluxes)calculatedfromthegasmixing-ratiosusingtheatmosphericdispersionmodelWINDTRAX[1].Emissionsweremeasuredfromthepig(effluentpond;litter-based)andlayerchicken(stockpiling)industriesofAustralia,duringwinterandsummerforthepigindustry(bothpractices),andspringforthelayerchickenindustry.Trialsrangedbetween30-90days.TotalemissionsofCH₄,N₂OandNH₃fromalitter-basedsystemwerefoundtobe66-80%lowerwhencomparedtoaneffluenttreatmentpondsystemtypicaloftheAustralianporkindustry[2].TheabilityoftheOP-FTIRsystemtomeasuremultiplemeasurementpathsallowsforincreasedspatialcoverageandimprovedsourcecharacterisation,providingmeasurementconfidence.Landapplicationofmanurewaspredictedinthisstudy.TheOP-FTIRwouldbeanidealtooltoconstrainlandapplicationpredictionsusedhere.Coveringalayerchickenmanurestockpileprovidedan88%reductioninNH₃emissionswhileasignificantbutsmallincreaseinCH₄emissionswasobserved[3].Totalemissionsfrombothstockpileswerelowleadingtoarelativelysmallmitigationpotentialpertonneofmanure.ThehighprecisionoftheOP-FTIRsystemallowedforthesmalldifferenceinCH₄emissionstoberesolvedandquantifythemitigationbenefitsforNH₃whencoveringmanurestockpiles.OP-FTIRmeasurementtechnologycoupledwithWINDTRAXallowsforathoroughassessmentofgaseousemissionsfrommanuremanagement.Thehighspatialcoverageandimprovedsourcecharacterisationprovidemeasurementconfidenceandvalidationofmitigationstrategies,animportantrequirementforanyemissionreductionortradingschemes.ThisresearchwasfundedbyAustralianGovernmentDepartmentofAgriculture,AustralianPorkLimitedandtheAustralianEggCorporationLimited.[1]Flesch,T.etal,2004,JournalofAppliedMeteorology43,487-502[2]Phillips,F.A.etal,2016,AnimalProductionScience56,1390-1403[3]Naylor,T.A.etal,2016,AnimalProductionScience56,1367-1375

20

AmmoniavolatilisationfromdairyslurryasaffectedbyapplicationrateandtemperatureonavolcanicsoilDrFranciscoSalazar11INIA-Chile,Osorno,Chile,2RothamstedResearch,NorthWyke,Okehampton,UnitedKingdom


Withinlivestockproduction,inadequatemanuremanagementpracticeshavebeenassociatedwithpollutionproblems.Oneofthemostimportantpathwaysfollowingcattleslurryapplicationtosoilisduetoammonia(NH3)losses.Theobjectivewastoevaluatetheinfluenceofdifferentfactorstoreduceammonialossesfollowingtheapplicationofdairyslurrytoagrasslandvolcanicsoil.Intactsoilcores(0-15cm)werecollectedfromgrasslandinSouthernChileinlysimeters.Fourtreatmentswith3replicateswereassessedacross3temperatures;10°C(T10),20°C(T0)and30°C(T30),withdairyslurryappliedatratesof25,50,75and100kgN-NH4ha-1.Alaboratorysystemofsmalldynamicchambers,oneonthetopofeachlysimeter,wasusedtomeasureNH3emissionsovera21dayperiodfollowingslurryapplication.CumulativeNH3emissionsafterdairyslurryapplicationvariedfrom3.5to17.8,4.6to14.1and16.0to69.2kgN,atT10,T20andT30,respectively.Lossesincreasedwithincreasingapplicationrate.However,expressedasapercentageoftotalammoniacalnitrogen(TAN)applied,therewasnoeffectofapplicationrateatthethreetemperaturesevaluated(p>0.05).ExperimentscarriedoutatT10andT20showedsimilaremissionratesandcumulativeNH3losses.However,atT30higheremissionratesandcumulativeNH3losseswereobservedcomparedtothelowertemperatures,representingc.17%(T10),14%(T20)and48%(T30)oftheTAN.ForalltreatmentsandtemperaturesNH3losseswereconcentratedinthefirsttwodaysfollowingNapplication.Theseresultshighlighttheimportanceoftemperaturefollowingdairyslurryapplication,whichcouldimpactonNuseefficiencyandpollutionrisktothewiderenvironment.Ammonialossesincreasedsignificantlyathighertemperaturesfollowingdairyslurryapplication,butapplicationratehadnosignificanteffectonlossesexpressedasapercentageofTANapplied.MostoftheNH3lossoccurredinthefirsttwodays,andcumulativelossesrangedfrom10.5to55.8%ofTANapplied.FONDECYTproject1151078forsupportingthisresearch.RothamstedResearchissupportedbytheUKBiotechnologyandBiologicalSciencesResearchCouncil.

21

ChangesinnitrousoxidefluxesfromfeedlotmanureinresponsetotemperatureandmoistureadditionDrKennethCasey1,DrDavidParker2,DrHeidiWaldrip2,DrRichardTodd21TexasA&MAgriLifeResearch,Amarillo,USA,2USDA-ARS,Bushland,USA


About60%ofglobalnitrousoxide(N₂O)emissionsareattributedtofertilizedcroplandandlivestockproduction.Whileworkexistsonsoil-basedN₂Oformationandemission,lessisknownaboutmanure-derivedN₂O,althoughstudieshaveanalyzedemissionprocessesduringmanurecompostingoraftersoilapplication[1].Thisstudy’sobjectiveistoelucidatethetemperatureeffectonfeedlotmanureemissionsfollowingrainfall.Anon-steady-statechambersystemwasusedforquantifyingemissionsfromsimulatedmanuresurfacesinfivesquare(1m²)pans[2].Chamberheadspaceairwasrecirculatedtoareal-timeN₂Oanalyzer.Emissionsweremeasuredovera60speriod,suchthateachpanwasmeasuredasoftenasevery10min.Air-driedmanurewassubjectedtosimulatedrainfallevents(6,12,25,or51mm)andvaryingtemperatures(6,11,21,27,31,38,or46°C)andmonitoredfor45d.AsingleN₂O-Nemissionepisodewasobservedfollowingwateradditionat6-27°C,whiletwoN₂O-Nepisodeswereobservedat31-46°C.ThefirstN₂O-Nepisodepeakedwithin6hofwaterapplication.Whenpresent,thesecondN₂O-Nepisodepeaked4-15dafterwateraddition.Thepeakheightofthefirstepisodewaspositivelycorrelatedwithwateraddition(r=0.96).CumulativeN₂O-Nemissionswerepositivelycorrelatedwithwateraddition(r=0.99),suchthateachmmofwaterincreasedN₂O-Nemissionsby168mg/m²over45d.CumulativeN₂O-Nemissionswerepositivelycorrelatedwithtemperaturebetween6-27°C(r=0.99).BecauseofthesecondN₂O-Nepisode,cumulativeN₂O-Nemissionsincreasedby2300mg/m²inastepfunctionbetween27and31°C.CumulativeN₂O-Nemissionsweregreatestat38°C.TherewasastrongcorrelationbetweenfinalmanureNO₃-NconcentrationsandcumulativeN₂O-Nemitted(r=0.87),suggestingthatnitrificationwasthelikelymechanismforthesecondepisode.FeedlotmanureN₂O-Nemissionsfollowingasimulatedrainfallwerepositivelycorrelatedwithincreasingrainfallamountandtemperature.AsecondN₂O-Nemissionepisodelikelyresultingfromnitrification,wasobservedattemperaturesabove27°C.Maximumresponsetotemperatureappearstobeabout38°Cwithminimalresponsebelow10°C.[1]Waldrip,H.M.,Todd,R.W.,ParkerD.B.etal.2016.J.Environ.Qual.45,1797-1811.[2]Parker,D.B.,Casey,K.D.,Todd,R.W.etal.2017.Trans.ASABE(InPress).

22

TheeffectofruminanturineanddungdepositionandsyntheticnitrogenfertiliserapplicationtopastureonIrishagriculturalN2Oprofile.DrDominikaJKrol1,DrRachaelCarolan2,DrEddyPMinet1,DrKarenLMcGeough2,DrCatherineJWatson2,DrMaryHarty1,ProfessorChristopherElliot3,DrPatrickJForrestal1,DrGaryJLanigan1,DrKarlGRichards11Teagasc,Teagasc,Crops,LandUseandEnvironment,JohnstownCastle,RepublicofIreland,2Agri-FoodandBiosciencesInstitute,Belfast,BT95PX,NorthernIreland,3SchoolofBiologicalSciences,Queen'sUniversity,Belfast,BT71NN,NorthernIreland


Nitrousoxide(N₂O)emissionsfromIrishagriculturearedominatedbyurineanddungdepositionandsyntheticnitrogen(N)applicationstopasture.TheseN₂Oemissionsarereportedusingdefaultemissionfactors(EFs)regardlessofexcreta,fertiliserorsoiltypeandtiming.Reducinguncertaintyintheselossesisvitalforreportingandmitigationpurposes,thereforeestimatingcountry-specificN₂OandEFsarerequired.Twoexperimentswerecarriedout.Realruminanturineanddungwereappliedtothreepasturesoilsinspring,summer,andautumninarandomisedsplit-plotdesign(fivereplicates)[1].Similarly,fertilisers(calciumammoniumnitrateorCAN,urea,stabilisedurea)wereappliedtothreegrasslandsinafullyrandomizedblockdesign(fivereplicates)[2].StaticchambermethodswereusedtomeasureN₂Ooverafullyear,andEFswerecalculatedas%NappliedlostthroughN₂O.ResultsofbothstudiesfoundEFstobeonaverage0.31%,1.18%and1.49%fromcattledung,cattleurine,andthemainsyntheticfertiliserformusedinIreland,CAN,respectively.EFsvariedlargelybetweentypeofexcretaorfertiliser,soilandseason.Onaverage,EFsfromcattleexcretawerelowerthanthe2%IPCCdefault,whereasEFforCANwasabovethe1%IPCCdefault.SwappingfertilisersourcefromCANtostabilisedureawaseffectiveinreducingN₂Oemissionsby58%to87%.ApplyingthenewEFstore-calculateIrishN₂Oemissionsfromagriculturalactivitiescausedasignificantshiftintheemissionprofile.ShareofN₂OattributedtosyntheticNfertilisationroseto38%makingitthesinglemostimportantsourceofagriculturalN₂Oemissions,whileN₂Oemittedfromanimalexcretadepositedonpasturefellto23%.Theseresultssupportanumberofmeasuressuchas:adoptingcountry-specificEFs,disaggregationofEFsfromanimalexcretadepositedonpastureandswappingsyntheticfertilisersourceforlow-emissionformulations.Infuture,furtherdisaggregationofEFsbyseasonandsoiltypeshouldbeconsideredandsoil-specificN₂Omitigationmeasuresadopted.DAFMResearchStimulusFund(RSF10/RD/SC/716and11S138)DAERAforNorthernIrelandEvidenceandInnovationproject13/04/06[1]D.J.Krol,R.Carolan,E.Minet,etal.2016.ScienceoftheTotalEnvironment,568,pp.327-338[2]M.A.Harty,P.J.Forrestal,C.JWatson,etal.2016.ScienceoftheTotalEnvironment,563-564,pp.576-586

23

UseofaTier3methodforentericmethanetoestimatefaecalNdigestibilityandammoniacalNexcretionindairycowsDrAndréBannink1,Dr.J.W.Spek1,J.Dijkstra2,L.B.J.Šebek11WageningenLivestockResearch,WageningenUniversity&Research,AHWageningen,TheNetherlands,2AnimalNutritionGroup,WageningenUniversity&Research,AHWageningen,TheNetherlands


CurrentDutchinventoryofNemissionsfromcowexcretaandmanurelargelyreliesonfaecalNdigestibilitydatacalculatedfromDutchfeedingtables[1],butresultsinlargepredictionerror[unpublishedresults].Improvementwassoughtinapplyingamechanisticmodelofdigestiveprocessesinthegastrointestinaltractofdairycattle.Anindependentdatasetwasconstructedfrompeer-reviewedpapersonNbalancedatafordairycowspublishedsince1999(53trials,253treatmentmeans).Thecurrentmethod(calculationbasedonfaecalNdigestibilityfromDutchfeedingtables;assumingadditivityoffaecalNdigestibilityofdietaryingredients)aswellasanewmethod(calculationwithadynamic,mechanisticmodel,currentlyusedasDutchTier3topredictentericmethane)wereevaluatedagainsttheseindependentdataonfaecalNdigestibility.PreliminaryresultsindicatethattheaverageofapparentfaecalNdigestibility(66.7±6.47%)isover-predictedbythecurrentmethod(74.2±3.87%),butwasmatchedwellbypredictionwiththenewmethod(66.7±6.51%).Givenactivitydataonfeedintakeandmilkproductioninnationalinventory,currentover-prediction(onaverage7.5%)leadstoanover-predictedammoniacalNexcretion(urinaryN)andabiasedestimationofthepotentialofNmitigatingnutritionalmeasures.TodemonstratetheactualTier3predictionpotential,furtherresearchisrequiredbyreplacingthecurrentlyuseddefaultvaluesforrumendegradationparametersforthenationalmethaneinventory[2]bytrial-specificdegradationparametersofroughages.Thepresentmodellingresultsdemonstratethebenefitofusingamethodologywhichaccountsforvariationcausedbythemicrobialactivity,digestiveprocesses,endogenousNsecretionsandexcretionofundigestedmicrobialNinfaeces.ApplyingaTier3methodforentericmethaneemissionsincowsimprovesthepredictionoffaecalNdigestibilitycomparedtothecurrentmethodbasedonDutchfeedingtables,reducingestimatedammoniacalNexcretion(andrelatedNemission).ThisresearchwasfundedbytheMinistryofEconomicAffairs(projectBO-20-004-111).[1]Velthof,G.L.,VanBruggen,C.,Groenestein,C.M.etal.2012.AtmosphericEnvironment46,248-255.[2]Bannink,A.,VanSchijndel,M.W.andDijkstra,J.2011.AnimalFeedScience&Technology166,603-618.

24

Validationofthefertilizingperformanceofphosphorusandnitrogensaltsrecoveredfrompigmanureinon-farmfieldtrialsinGermanyandSpainAndreaEhmann1,ManuelCalvo2,Dr.JenniferBilbao3,Prof.Dr.IrisLewandowski11UniversityofHohenheim,Stuttgart,Germany,2CentroTecnológicoAgrarioyAgroalimentario(ITAGRA),Palencia,Spain,3FraunhoferInstituteforInterfacialEngineeringandBiotechnologyIGB,Stuttgart,Germany

D.ParallelSession1-SubTheme2-CropNutrition,OscarWilde,September4,2017,11:30-13:00

Therecyclingofnutrientsfrommanurehasseveraladvantagesfromanenvironmentalandaneconomicpointofview.Theresearchproject“BioEcoSIM”resultedinaninnovativetechnologytorecoverphosphorusandnitrogenassaltsfrompigmanure.Theaimofthisstudywastovalidatethesuitabilityandfertilizingperformanceofthesesaltsinon-farmfieldtrials.FieldexperimentswereperformedattwofarmsinGermanyandthreefarmsinSpainwithratherdifferentsoilandclimaticconditionsovertwoyears.Testcropswerewinterwheat,maizeandsunflower.Therecoveredfertilizers(phosphatesalt,ammoniumsulfate)wereappliedindividuallyandinvariouscombinationsandcomparedtocommercialsyntheticfertilizersandanunfertilizedcontrol.Thecropdevelopmentwasmonitoredfollowedbydeterminationofthebiomassyieldandthecontentsofmainplantnutrientsinbiomassandsoilsamples.InGermany,almostalltreatmentsresultedinhigherbiomassyieldsofwheatandmaizegrownatbothsitescomparedtothecontrol.Theproteincontentofwheatwasincreasedbyalltreatments.Bothphosphateapplicationtechniques(broadcastvs.root-zone)resultedinasimilarmaizeyield.InSpain,treatmentswiththemanure-basedfertilizerssignificantlyincreasedthebiomassyieldofallcropstested.Thecombinedapplicationofthephosphatesaltwithtwodifferentsyntheticnitrogenforms(calciumammoniumnitrate,ammoniumsulfate)didnotinfluencetheoutcome. Thepromisingresultsobtainedingreenhousestudieswiththesameproducts[1]wereconfirmedunderfieldconditions.Thesupplementationorevenreplacementofconventionallyobtainednitrogenandphosphoruswithproductsrecycledfrommanureofferstremendousenvironmentalbenefits(energysavings,lessgreenhousegasemissions,protectionoflimitedresources,lowerpollutantinputetc.)andoffersasolutionfortheincreasinglysevereissueofmanureaccumulationincertainregions.Consideringthepositiveperformanceoftherecycledfertilizersintwoverydifferentclimaticregions,theycanbeexpectedtobeequallysuitableforotherregionsaswell.Itwasclearlyvisiblethattheyarejustaseffectivefertilizersascomparablecommercialproducts,yetwithanenvironmentallymorebenignperformance.ThisresearchwasfundedbytheEuropeanCommissionundergrantagreementNo.308637.[1]Ehmann,A.,Bach,I.-M.,Laopeamthong,S.,Bilbao,J.,Lewandowski,I.(2017):CanPhosphateSaltsRecoveredfromManureReplaceConventionalPhosphateFertilizer?Agriculture7(1).doi:10.3390/agriculture7010001

25

YieldeffectsandenvironmentalstewardshipbyapplicationofslurrywithnitrificationinhibitortopastureandsilagemaizeDrAndreasPacholski1,C.P.Federolf2,Prof.Dr.H.-W.Olfs21EurochemagroGmbH,68165Mannheim,Germany,2UniversityofAppliedScienceOsnabrueck,49076Osnabreuck,Germany


Animalmanuresandorganicfertilizersareimportantnutrientsourcesinplantproductionbuttheycanbeconnectedtoahighriskofnutrientlosses,asgaseousammoniaandN2OemissionsaswellasaqueousnitrateandPleaching.NitrificationinhibitorsprovideanoptiontoincreasenutrientrecoveryandtoreduceN2Oemissionsandnitrateleachingfromorganicfertilization[1,2].CattleslurriesandanaerobicdigestateswithandwithoutthenitrificationinhibitorDMPP(ENTECfluid)wereappliedtosilagemaizeandpastureinGermanyinreplicatedfieldtrials.Ingrasslandslurrieswereappliedbytrailinghoseorshoe.Insilagemaizetrailinghoses,slurryincorporationandclosedslotinjection(forreductionofammoniaemissions)wereused.InalltrialsyieldandNuptakeweredetermined.InspecifictrialsNdynamicsinsoilaswellasN2Oemissionswerealsoincluded.InallpasturetrialsapositivegrassyieldresponsewiththenitrificationinhibitorDMPPwasobservedcomparedtotheuntreatedslurry.Yieldincreasesrangedbetween4and8%.InparticularDMPPtreatmentsandcutsnoeffectofDMPPwasobserved.Thiswasduetothechosendosageoftheactiveingredientandweatherconditions.Insilagemaizealsoagenerallyhigheryieldlevelwasoverserved(1-10%).Thiswasinparticulartrueforslurryinjection.WhileinjectedslurrywithoutinhibitorresultedinaboostofN2Oemissions,theseemissionsweredecreasedtotheleveloftrailhoseappliedslurrywhenDMPPwasmixedintotheslurry.ThistranslatedinanincreaseofNuptake(10-20kgN/ha)andincreasedNuseefficiency.SoilsamplinganalysisshowedthatslurryammoniumwassignificantlystabilizedoveraperiodofseveralweekspromotingNuptakeandreducingtheriskofNleaching.InwidearrayoftrialsfertilizationofliquidmanuremixedwiththenitrificationinhibitorDMPP(ENTECfluid)resultedinrobustyieldandNuptakeincreases.PotentialnegativeenvironmentaleffectsasN2Oemissionsandnitrateleachingwerereduced.TheeffectsmayvaryduetoweatherandsoilconditionsandDMPPdosage.Theworkofthetrialpartners(agriculturalextensionservicesFederalStateofLowerSaxonyandBaden-Wuertemberg)isgratefullyacknowledged.[1]Abalos,D.,Jeffery,S.,Sanz-Cobena,A.,Guardia,G.,Vallejo,A.2014.Agriculture,EcosystemsandEnvironment189,136–144[2]Gilsanz,C.,Báeza,D.,Misselbrook,T.H.,Dhanoa,M.S.andCárdenas,L.M.2016.Agriculture,EcosystemsandEnvironment216,1-8

26

Slurryacidificationusingaluminiumsulphate:analternativetosulphuricacidwithnolimitationonPlantPavailabilityaftersoilapplicationProf.DavidFangueiro1,DrIreneFraga2,Prof.ErnestoVasconcelos1,Prof.JoãoCoutinho31LEAF,InstitutoSuperiordeAgronomia,UniversidadedeLisboa,,Lisboa,Portugal,2CITAB,UniversityofTrás-os-MonteseAltoDouro,VilaReal,Portugal,3ChemistryCentre,UniversityofTrás-os-MonteseAltoDouro,VilaReal,Portugal


Slurryacidificationusingaluminiumsulphate(Alum)isavalidalternativetoH2SO4forminimizingNH3emissions[1].However,suchalternativemightledtosoilPinsolubilizationandconsequentlowPavailabilityforplants.ThisstudyaimedtoassessPplantavailabilityandPuptakebyplantsinonesoilamendedwithslurrytreatedbyAlumandH2SO4.FourtreatmentsweretestedinaPpoorsoil:1)rawcattleslurry(RS);2)H2SO4acidifiedRS(H2SO4);3)AlumtreatedRS(Alum);nonamendedsoil(CTR).ApotexperimentwasperformedtocomparesoilPplantavailability,drymatteryield,PandNuptakebyradish(lowspecificrootsurface).Applicationratesofslurryequivalentto33and66mgPkg-1soilwereconsidered.Alltreatmentsreceivedsimilaramountsofnitrogenandpotassiumcomplementedwithmineralfertilizer.SimilartotalyieldswereobtainedwithRadishinRS,AlumandH2SO4evenifrootyieldsinAlumweresignificantlyhigherthaninRS.Puptake(~19%ofappliedP)wassimilarinallamendedtreatmentsforthelowerPdose(33mgPkg-1soil)but,significantlyahigherPuptakewereobservedinH2SO4(25%)andAlum(22%)thaninRS(14%)atthehigherPdose(66mgPkg-1soil).Asexpected,theOlsen-PcontentinAlumtreatmentwassignificantlylowerthaninRSandH2SO4atthebeginningoftheexperiment,butnosignificantdifferenceswereobservedbetweentreatmentsintermsofP-OlsencontentafterharvestindicatingthattheimpactofAlumadditiononPimmobilizationseemstobetemporary.Preliminaryresultsobtainedwithanongoingexperimentwithryegrassseemtoconfirmtheshort-termimpactofAlumonPavailability.SlurryacidificationusingAlumdonotlimitPavailabilityaftersoilapplicationevenifourresultsneedtobeconfirmedatfieldscale.ContrarytoH2SO4,slurryacidificationusingAlumcanbeperformeddirectlybyfarmers,makingsimpletheadoptionofsuchpracticeatthefarmscale.ThisworkwassupportedbytheFCT-PortugueseFoundationforScienceandTechnology[1]RegueiroI.,CoutinhoJ.,FangueiroD.2016.JournalofCleanerProduction,131,96-307

27

Oil-seedrapeyieldfromresidualeffectofprolongedmanureapplicationonanirrigatedmaizemonoculturesystemunderMediterraneanclimateMrFrancescDomingoOlivé1,MsElenaGonzálezLlinàs11IRTAMasBadia,E-17134LaTalladad'Empordà,Catalonia


Manurecontributestocropfertilizationyearsafteritsapplication.Amaizemonoculturetrialwasconductedfortwelveyears(2002-2013)andmanurewasappliedannuallyonselectedplots.Later,nofertilizerwasappliedandresidualeffectwasstudiedonfollowingwintercrops.Thisworkfocusesontheeffectonanoil-seedrapecropsownthreeyearsafterstoppingmanureapplication..Tworatesofmanure(0and30Mgha-1)appliedannuallyduringtwelveyearsandcomplementedwithmineralfertilizerattopdressingweretestedonanirrigatedmaizemonoculturetrial.Thefollowingyears(2013-2016)neithermanurenorfertilizerwereappliedtotherainfedwintercropssown(winterwheat*2+oil-seedrape).Aconventionalnitrogencurveresponsetrialwasattachedtothelongtermtrialeachyear.Theworkfocusesontheeffectsonoil-seedrape(thirdyear)yield.TheoptimalNrateontheresponsecurveshasbeenaround80kgNha-1,yielding3480kgha-1ofoil-seedrape.Ontheplotswereresidualeffectwasevaluated,thepastapplicationonmaizefortwelveyearsof30Mgha-1ofdairymanureyielded3390kgha-1ofoil-seedrape,beingthecontributionofmanureequivalenttotheapplicationof65kgNha-1.OnthemaizetrialtherewereplotswereNfertilizerwasappliedattopdressing(0and200kgNha-1,forthismanurerate).NoyielddifferenceswerefoundbetweenthesetwomineralNrates,onthisthirdyearofresidualeffect.Forthenomanuretreatment,Napplicationatmaizedressing(rates:0and300kgNha-1)increasedoil-seedrapeyield(2375and2620kgha-1for0and300kgNha-1rates,respectively)threeyearsafterstoppingplotfertilization.Thethird-yearresidualeffect,onoil-seedrapeyield,ofthepastapplicationof30Mgha-1yr-1ofdairymanureonmaizefortwelveyears,equalstheapplicationof65kgNha-1atcropdressing.Napplicationatmaizedressingonlyhasresidualeffectsfortheunmanuredtreatments.Fundedthroughthe"PlansperlamilloradelafertilitzacióagràriaalesComarquesGironines"(MinistryofAgriculture-GovernmentofCatalonia).

28

Towardsefficientuseofmanureinintegratedcrop-livestocksystems–SoilorganicnitrogenmattersMartinChantigny1,DenisAngers1,ÉmilieMaillard1,ShabtaiBittman2,JeanLafond11AgricultureAndAgri-foodCanada,Québec,Canada,2AgricultureAndAgri-FoodCanada,Agassiz,Canada


Despitethatthefertilizervalueoflivestockmanurehasbeenextensivelystudied,westillstruggleatpredictingthelegacyeffectofpastapplications.Ourobjectiveistoreconciledatafromlong-termtrialswithnewtheoriesonorganicmatterstabilizationandproposeanewframeworktodeterminehownitrogenisaccumulatinginsoilandcontributingtothelegacyeffect.Long-termfieldtrials(>15y)wereusedtodeterminethelegacyeffectindifferentcroppingsystemswithandwithoutmanure,using15N-labelledfertilizers,andtoevaluatetheextentoforganicnitrogenaccumulationinthesoilprofile[1,2].TheC:Nratioofsoilorganicmatterwasusedasprimaryindicatorofnitrogenavailability.Inoneexperiment[3],thesoilwasfractionatedusingdensityandparticlesizefractionationmethodstoexplorethephysicallocationandformsofaccumulatednitrogen.Nitrogenaccumulatedinsoilswithmanure[1;2;3].AlthoughtheC:Nratioremainedsimilaramongcroppingsystems,thelegacyeffectincreaseddisproportionatelyascomparedtothegaininsoilnitrogen[2],suggestingthatthenatureorlocationofaccumulatedNisnothomogeneous.Nitrogenaccumulatedprimarilyinthesand-sizedheavyfractionofsoilorganicmatter[3].TheC:Nratiooftheheavyfractionwasclosertotheaverageratioofmicroorganisms(<16)thanforthelighterfractions(>30),inagreementwiththerecentlyproposedMicrobialEfficiency-MatrixStabilizationframework[4].Thepreferentialaccumulationoforganicmatterinthesand-sizedheavyfractionleadstothehypothesesthat(i)thefinersilt+clayfractionwassaturated,therebyforcingadditionalorganicmattertoaccumulateinthecoarserfraction,(ii)nitrogeninthecoarserfractionislesstightlyboundtothemineralphaseandrepresentsadynamicfractioncontributingtothelegacyeffect.Thenatureandlocationofnitrogenaccumulatinginsoilsunderintegratedcrop-livestockproductionmustbestudiedtoimproveourabilitytopredictthelegacyeffectandincreasemanagementefficiencyofmanurenutrients.Soilorganicmatterfractionationtechniqueswillhelpelucidatingthemechanismsunderlyingthelegacyeffect[1]Angers,D.A.,Chantigny,M.H.etal.2010.NutrientCyclingAgroecosystems86,225-229.[2]Nyiraneza,J.,Chantigny,M.H.etal.2010.AgronomyJournal102,1244-1251.[3]Maillard,E.,Angers,D.A.etal.2015.AgricultureEcosystemsandEnvironment202,108-119.[4]Cotrufo,M.F.,Wallenstein,M.D.etal.2013.GlobalChangeBiology19,988-995.

29

SpentmushroomcompostasanitrogensourceforspringbarleyinIreland.DrRichieHackett11Teagasc,CropsResearchCentre,Ireland


Background&ObjectivesSpentmushroomcompost(SMC)containsarangeofplantnutrients,includingnitrogen(N),whichmainlyoriginatefromarablecrops.UsingSMCasanorganicfertilizerrecyclesthesenutrients.TheobjectivesoftheseexperimentsweretoevaluatetheeffectofSMConspringbarleygrainyieldandqualityandtodetermineitsnitrogenfertiliserreplacementvalue(NFRV).Materials&MethodsExperimentswereconductedontwosoils,light-andmedium-textured,overthreeyears(2008-10).TheexperimentscomparedtheresponseofspringbarleytoarangeoffertilizerNlevelswithandwithoutSMC.SMCwasappliedatarateof14-15t/hafreshweight.Asecond,higherrate(30t/ha)wasappliedonthelightsoil.FertiliserNlevelsrangedfrom0-190kgN/ha.Grainyieldandqualitywasdetermined.NFRVwascalculatedwithreferencetotheunfertilisedcontrol.Results&DiscussionSMCapplicationgavesimilarorhighergrainyieldandNuptakecomparedtofertilizeronlytreatmentsatcorrespondingfertilizerNrates.SMChadnosignificanteffectontheeconomicoptimumfertilizerNratebutthemaximumyieldwassignificantlyhigherwhereSMCwasappliedintwointwoofthethreeseasonsonthemediumsoil.ThisindicatesthatSMCwasinfluencingyieldinamannerthatwasnotdirectlyrelatedtoNsupply.EffectsofSMCongrainqualityweresmall.TheNFRV,calculatedusinggrainyieldandexpressedrelativetotheamountoftotalNappliedintheSMC,rangedfrom0.054kg/kgto0.287kg/kg.WhenNFRVwascalculatedusingNuptakeatharvesttherangewas0.074kg/kgto0.22kg/kg.ConclusionSMCcancontributetothenitrogennutritionofsmallgraincerealcropsinhighyieldpotentialenvironments.TheNFRVofSMCislowcomparedtoanimalmanureswithameanvalueof0.15kg/kgrecordedinthisstudy.

30

EvaluatingthemineralfertilisernitrogenreplacementvalueofpoultrymanureinspringbarleycroppingDr.PatrickJForrestal1,JohnMurphy1,MarkPlunkett1,MartinBourke11Teagasc,JohnstownCastle,Ireland,2Teagasc,AdvisoryService,Tinahely,Ireland


Therewerealmost11millionpoultryinIrelandin2010(CSO,2010);asignificantsourceofmanure.Themineralfertiliserreplacementvalue(MFRV)ofmanureimpactstheeconomicsoftransportanddeterminesthemineralfertiliserbalancingrequirement.Incerealsunderstandingthenitrogen(N)MFRVisparticularlyimportanttoavoidlodging,yieldlossandtoproducegrainwithproteinmeetingrequirements.Awell-drainedexperimentalsitelocatedat52°48’51.16”N6°8’39.56”Wwasusedwithfourreplicatespertreatment.Ploughing,treatmentapplicationandsowingwerecompletedon31March2016.P,K,Mg&Swasappliedtoallplots.PoultrymanurewasappliedatsixNrates.ThemineralfertilisertreatmentNwascalciumammoniumnitrate(CAN)(50to250kgNha-1in50kgincrements).Cropyield,grainproteinandtotalcropNrecoveryweremeasuredatharvest.Thepoultrymanurewasfromamodernpoultryhousewithmanuredryingfacilities.Themanuredrymatter(D.M.)was88.1%andmanurecontained38.1,11.3and22.9kgofN,PandK,respectivelypertonneD.M.Incomparisonthestandardvaluesusedforlayermanureare55%D.M.and41.8,10.0and21.8kgofN,P,K,respectivelypertonneD.M.(Teagasc,2016).SpringbarleygrainyieldsrespondedstronglytomineralfertiliserNandtomanureapplicationreachingmaximumyieldsof10.2and10.3tonne/ha,respectively.Incomparisonthecontrolplotyielded6.0tonne/ha.TheNinpoultrymanureiscurrentlyassumedtobe50%availableintheseasonofapplication(Teagasc,2016).SpringbarleyplantandgrainsamplesarecurrentlybeingprocessedandNuptakemeasured.ThisdatawillbeusedtoevaluatetheNMFRVofpoultrymanureinthistrialandwillbepresented.Poultrymanure,particularlydriedmanure,isaconcentratednutrientsourcerelativetoothermanures/slurries.It’srelativelyhighnutrientconcentrationlendsitselftotransportoverlongerdistancesthanothermanures.AsmorethanhalfofthepoultryinRep.IrelandarelocatedincountyMonaghan(CSO,2010),transportisimportant.TheauthorsthankSylvesterBourkeforhisexceptionalcooperation,assistancewithfieldoperationsandprovisionofthefieldsite.CSO,2010.CensusofAgriculture,2010.ISBN978-1-4064-2673-1.Availableonline:http://www.cso.ie/en/media/csoie/releasespublications/documents/agriculture/2010/full2010.pdfTeagasc,2016.Majorandmicronutrientadviceforproductiveagriculturalcrops.Eds:D.WallandM.Plunkett.Availableonline:https://www.teagasc.ie/media/website/publications/2016/soil-fertility-green.pdf

31

EffectsoftheapplicationofsolidandliquidfractionsfrompigslurryonwheatyieldandqualityMrFrancescDomingoOlivé1,MsElenaGonzálezLlinàs1,MrMarcJabardoCamprubi11IRTAMasBadia,E-17134LaTalladad'Empordà,Catalonia


Separationofpigslurryonsolidandliquidfractionsmaycontributetoexportnutrientsfromhighdensitylivestockareas.Thus,thevolumeofslurrytreatedisincreasinganditisnecessarytolookfortheeffectsoncropsofapplyingthesedifferentfractions.ThisworkevaluateswheatyieldandproteincontentachievedusingdifferentfractionsatdifferenttimesunderMediterranean-climate.Fourtreatmentscomparingapplicationschedulesforliquid(LF)andsolid(SF)fractionsfrompigslurry(wholerateSForLFbeforesowing,halfrateSFbeforesowingplushalfrateLFatdressingandLFsplitbetweenbeforesowinganddressing)andacontroltreatmentwithoutfertilizationweretested.TwowheattrialswerecarriedoutindifferentagriculturalsystemswithinCatalonia:1)high-livestockdensityandsub-humidMediterranean-climateand2)medium-livestockdensitywithMediterranean-climate.Yieldandgrainproteincontentweremeasured.Differencesonyieldandproteincontentwereobservedbetweensites.Sitewithsub-humidclimateproduced,onaverage,8.0tha-1and10.9%proteincontent,while4.9tha-1and14,8%wereachievedintheothersite.Fertilizedplotsonaverageincreasedyieldby571kgha-1andproteincontentby1.26percentpoints(pp),althoughdifferenceswereobservedbetweentreatments.Thesplitapplicationofthesefractionstendedtoincreaseyieldby203kgha-1andproteincontentbyasignificant0.75pp.Onaverage,plotsreceivingonlyLFproduced187kgha-1lessthanthosereceivingSF,butachievedasignificant1.2ppincreaseinproteincontent.ApplyingfullrateSFbeforesowing,withnoLFapplicationatdressing,achievedsimilaryieldsthantheotherfertilizedplotsbutfailedincreasingproteincontent(0.15pplessthantheunfertilizedcontroltreatment)whilewassignificantlyincreasedintheothertreatments.OptimalfertilizationofseparatedfractionsfrompigslurrydiffersbetweenSFandLF.FullrateSFapplicationbeforesowingachievessimilaryieldsthanotherstrategiesbutfailsinincreasinggrainproteincontent.Splitapplication(onlyLFatdressing)ofthosefractionswastheoptimalstrategy,mainlyforincreasingproteincontent.ThisworkhasbeenfundedthroughtheCDTIProjectIDI-20150738

32

CompostinCropProduction:TheroleoffeedstockinpredictingnutrientavailabilityMichaelGaffney


Qualityorganicresourcessuchascompostdelivermanybenefitstosoil,intermsofstructureandnutrientsupply.EUDirectivesstipulatethatIrelandmustincreasinglydivertuntreatedorganicwastesawayfromlandfill.Compostinghasbeenshowntobethemostcost-effectivetreatmentofmunicipalsolidwaste(MSW)howeverpredictivetestsfornutrientreleasefrommaterialswithheterogeneousfeedstocksarerequired.Adetailedchemical,physicalandbiologicalcharacterization(27individualparameters)of25nationallyandinternationallysourcedcompostedwasteswasconducted.Twosubsetsofthesematerialsweresubsequentlyselectedforanitrogen(Ratesapplied:150,300&450KgN/Ha)andseparatephosphorus(Ratesapplied:60,120&180KgP/Ha)growthexperiments,usingcabbage(cv‘Hispi’)asamodelcrop,over8harvests.Eachharvestwasanalysedfornutrientcontent.NitrogenuptakefromtheMSWcompostswaslow,recordedatapprox.8%forthefirstharvestwithnosignificantdifferencebetweenthedifferentcompostsandapplicationrates.Overthe24monthsoftheexperiment,23%ofthetotalnitrogenaddedwasutilised.WhentheMSWcategoryisfurthersubdividedintocatering/foodwasteandBrownBinwastethereisa19-33%greateruptakeofNfrompurefood/cateringwastecompostsacrossallharvests,indicatingthatinputfeedstockmaybeaffectingrelease.CharacteristicssuchasNDF(neutraldetergentfibre)andlignincontentshowastrongcorrelationwithabsolutenitrogenplantuptakeovertheinitialharvests,howeverthisisnotsustainedafterthefourthharvest,mostlikelyduetolimitedNavailableforuptake.Phosphorusuptakefiguresfrombiowastecompostswerecomparabletosinglesuperphosphateandvariationinuptakeacrossthesetreatmentswaslowoverthecourseoftheexperiment.AllMSWcompoststesteddisplayedahighavailabilityofphosphorusandcouldpotentiallyreplaceinorganicphosphorustoasignificantextent.Nitrogenavailabilitywaslowandwouldrequireco-applicationwithanothernitrogensource.Withcompostsofheterogeneousfeedstock,lignincontentorNDFwasshowntobeoptimalinpredictingnitrogenrelease.TheauthorswouldliketoacknowledgefundingfromtheEnvironmentalProtectionAgencythroughtheSTRIVEprogramme(2008-WRM-MS-7-S1).

33

Effectofsoiltypeonphosphorusavailabilityfromdairyslurry.MrIanFox1,Dr.JohnBailey2,Dr.DavidWall11Teagasc,JohnstownCastle,EnvironmentalResearchCentre,,Ireland,2Agri-FoodandBiosciencesInstitute,NewforgeLane,NorthernIreland


Nutrientrichdairyslurrycanoffsettheneedforchemicalfertiliserswhenappliedtosoils.TheIrishdairyindustryiscurrentlyundergoingrapidexpansionduetomilkquotaabolitionwithaconsequentialincreaseinanimalslurryvolumes.Theobjectiveofthisexperimentistoinvestigatetheavailabilityofphosphorus(P)inthisresourceacrossarangeofIrishsoiltypes.Soilwascollectedfrom22grasslandsites(to10cmdepth)representingarangeofagriculturalsoilsinIreland.100g(dryweightequivalent)soilwasincubatedunderaerobicconditionsat15oCand80%waterfilledporespacefor12months.Phosphorustreatmentsconsistedofacontrol(0kgha-1P),dairycattleslurry(100kgha-1P)andchemicalP(50&100kgha-1P).Thesetreatmentswherecomparedwithandwithoutlimeaddition(5tha-1).Inthispaperthefertiliserreplacementvaluesandefficiencyofdairycattleslurrywillbediscussed.SoiltypeandlimeinteractionswiththePtreatmentswillallowforgreaterinsightintothefateofthesedifferentPsourcesandthecreationofnewknowledgeandadviseonPinputsfromcattleslurryatfarmlevel.PreviousworkontheinteractionofchemicalPacrossthesamerangeofsoilsdemonstratedthatPfertiliseravailabilitymeasuredbyMorgan’sextractablePwashighlyvariableafter12monthsincubationandwaslargelydependentofsoiltype,initialsoiltestPandsoilpHstatus[1].InthisexperimentfurtheranalysisofsoilPpoolswillbeusedtoidentifythesoilphysical,chemicalandbiologicalfactorsaffectingsoilPavailability.OveralltheintegrationofsoilspecificPknowledgewillhelptoincreasenutrientefficiencyandenvironmentalsustainabilityonIrishgrasslandfarms[2].IdentifyingsoilspecificfactorsaffectingslurryPdynamicsandavailabilitycanfurtherimprovenutrientuseefficiencyatfarmlevel.Targeteddairyslurryapplicationsbasedonsoiltypeandsoilnutrientstatuscanleadtobetteronfarmmanagementdecisionsandultimatelyenhancetherecoverypotentialofthisresourcenationally.TheauthorwishestoacknowledgefundingfromtheTeagascWalshFellowshipProgramme.[1]Sheil,T.,Wall,D.P.andLalor,S.T.J.2015.Limeandphosphorusformaximumproductivity.FertilizerAssociationofIrelandSpringScientificMeeting2015.PublicationNo.50:3-16.http://www.fertilizer-assoc.ie/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Proc-No-50-2015-FINAL.pdf[2]Wall,D.P.,andPlunkett,M.,eds(2016).“MajorandMicroNutrientAdviceforProductiveAgriculturalCrops”.Teagasc,JohnstownCastle,Wexford.ISBN978-1-84170-632-0.

34

InexpensiveAlternativestoAlumforReducingAmmoniaEmissionsandPhosphorusRunofffromManureDr.PhilipMoore11USDAAgriculturalResearchService,Fayetteville,USA

E.ParallelSession2-SubTheme1-AdvancesinTechnologies&Sub&SubTheme3-GaseousEmissions,McLure1,September4,2017,14:00-15:30

Treatingbroilermanurewithaluminumsulfate(alum)isabestmanagementpracticethatreducesbothammonia(NH3)emissionsandphosphorus(P)runoff.However,duringthepast10-15yearsalumpriceshaveincreasedsubstantially.Theobjectiveofthisworkwastodevelopcost-effectivemanureamendmentsthatareaseffectiveasaluminreducingPrunoffandNH3volatilization.Sixteenmanureamendmentsweredevelopedwithsimplemixturesofalummud,bauxiteore,sulfuricacid,liquidalum,andwater.Alummudisoftenconsideredawasteproduct;itistheresidualmaterialleftoverfromalummanufacturewhenproducedbyreactingbauxitewithsulfuricacid.Weconductedalaboratoryammoniavolatilizationstudyusing11treatments:untreatedbroilerlitter,broilerlittertreatedwithliquidordryalum,oreightnewmixtures.AlltenofthemanureamendmentsthatweretestedresultedinsignificantlylowerNH3volatilizationthanuntreatedlitter.LiquidanddryalumreducedNH3lossesby75and86%,respectively.TheeightnewmanureamendmentsreducedNH3lossesfrom62to73%comparedwithuntreatedlitter,whichwasnotsignificantlydifferentfromliquidalumandthethreemosteffectivemixtureswerenotsignificantlydifferentfromdryalum.Allofthemanureamendmentsresultedinsignificantlylowerwater-extractableP(WEP)thanuntreatedmanureandthreeoftheamendmentsresultedinWEPvaluessignificantlylowerthanwithdryalum.Theamendmentsshowingthemostpromiseweremixturesofalummud,bauxite,andsulfuricacid.Theimpactofthesenewmanureamendmentscouldbequitehigh,sincetheycouldbemanufacturedforapproximatelyhalfthepriceofalumwhilebeingjustaseffectiveinreducingPrunoffandNH3emissions.

35

On-linemonitoringofnutrients(NPK)inliquidmanurebyanuclearmagneticresonance(NMR)sensorinstalleddirectlyataspreaderPostdocMortenSørensen1,DrMichaelBeyer2,CEOOleJensen2,DrOlegBakharev3,DeanNielsChistianNielsen3,SenioradvisorTavsNyord11DepartmentofEngineering,AarhusUniversity,Hangøvej2,DK-8200AarhusN,Denmark,2NanoNordA/S,Skjernvej4A,DK-9220AalborgØ,Denmark,3InterdisciplinaryNanoscienceCenter(iNANO)andDepartmentofChemistry,AarhusUniversity,GustavWiedsVej14,DK-8000AarhusC,Denmark


Toachieveoptimalcropyield/quality,accurateknowledgeofnutrientcontentsinliquidmanurespreadtofieldsisessential.HerewepresenttheapplicationofamobileNMRsensorforNPKmonitoringonboardamanurespreadertoprovidequantificationofthemacronutrientsinliquidmanurespreadtofields.Thisworkextendsourrecentlypresentedlaboratorydemonstrationofthesensor[1].ThesensorisbasedonadigitalNMRinstrumentwithapermanentmagnet(~1.5T).Thereisnosensitivepartsincontactwiththesample,noopticalwindow,nocalibrationfortheuser,andnoadditionofchemicals.Thecontentsofammonium,totalphosphorus,andpotassiumisquantifieddirectlyby14N,31P,and39KNMR.Additionally,17O/1HNMRcanbeappliedforindirectquantificationoforganicNanddrymatter,asalternativetoestimatesfromexpectedammonium/total-Nratios.Inlaboratoryexperiments,wehaveshowngoodagreementbetweenresultsobtainedattheNMRsensorandreferencemeasurementsfromcommerciallaboratoriesondifferentliquidmanuresincludingpig-,cattle,mink,andco-digestedmanuresfrombiogasplants.Furthermore,wehaveimplementedthesensoronaPGV20Samson,DK-8800,Viborg,Denmark,spreader,andwewillshowtheresultsoffieldtests,whichwillbeconductedduringspring/summer2017.Reliablemeasurementscanbeperformedinabout5minutes.However,precisionincreaseswithincreasedmeasuringtimeanddependingondesiredprecision,measuringtimecanbereduced.Duetotheextensivestirringoftheliquidinthetanker,afewbatchmeasurementsshouldbesufficientforanaccuraterepresentationofthefullamountofslurryspreadtothefields.AnNMRsensormounteddirectlyonthetanker,providesanexcellentpossibilityforaccurateanalysisoftheentireamountofliquidmanurespreadtofieldsMultinuclearNMRtechnologyenablesrobust,reliable,automatizedmonitoringofNPKnutrientsinliquidmanuredirectlyataspreader.Thisenablesaccurate,representativequantificationofthenutrientsspreadtofieldswhichcanfunctionasinputtonutrientapplicationmaps,andpotentialutilizedasinputforfollow-upfertilizationwithmineralfertilizers.WeacknowledgefinancialsupportfromtheDanishMinistryofFood,AgricultureandFisheries(GUDPresearchfunding),theLauritzenFoundation.[1]Sørensen,M.K.,Jensen,O.,Bakharev,O.N.,Nyord,T.andNielsen,N.C.2015.AnalyticalChemistry,87,6446-6450.

36

Characterisationofvariouscompostedwastes:usingmultivariatedataanalysistoassesstheinfluenceoffeedstockandpotentialnutrientavailabilityAlanLee1,2,MunooPrasad3,JohnCassidy2,MichaelGaffney11Teagasc,NationalFoodResearchCentre,Ashtown,Ireland,2DublinInsituteofTechnology,KevinStreet,,3CompostResearchandAdvisory,Naas,


Inthisstudy,weaimedtoevaluateanumberofcompostedwastesusingparameterspertainingtocompostfeedstock,potentialtopredictnutrientreleaseandenduse.Multivariatedataanalysisintheformofhierarchicalclusteranalysis(HCA)andprincipalcomponentsanalysis(PCA)wasappliedtotheresultstoestablishrelationshipsamongthecompostsandtopotentiallyclassifythecomposts.TwentyfivecompostsfromIrelandandotherEUstateswereobtainedfromcommercialcompostingfacilitiesandwereconsideredmarketready.Compostsweregroupsintocategories:biowaste,greenwaste,manurewaste,industrialorganicwasteandanaerobicdigestate.Thecompostswerethencharacterisedanalyticallyusingvariousphysico-chemical,spectralandbiologicaltechniques.Theseincluded;pH,ECandcationexchangecapacity,totalandextractablenutrientcontent(nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)andpotassium(K),oxygenuptakerate,organicmatter(lignin,NDFandhumic)content.TheHCAwasappliedfirstlytoallcharacterisationsconducted.Threemainclusterswereidentified.Thefirstclustercontainedallthemanurecomposts.Thesecondclusterwaspredominantlybrownbinandfoodwastecompost.Thethirdclusterwascomposedpredominantlyofgreenoryardwastecompost.ThePCAappliedtoallcompostsandcharaterisationsAsimilartrendemergeswiththecompostseparatedintothreedistinctgroupsi.e.manure,biowastecompostwithbrownbinorfoodwastefeedstockandcompostswithalargegreenoryardwastecomponent.ThePCAloadingsplotsalsohighlightedwhatcharacteristicsweremostinfluentialonthegroupings.Themostinfluentialloadingsincomponent1werecationexchangecapacity,extractableP,NDFandlignin.UsingHCAandPCAcanbeausefultechniquewhendealingwithalargepopulationofsamplesthatareveryheterogeneoustogroupthemintocompostsforspecificuses.TheuseofHCAandPCAgavedistinctpatternsandidentifyNDFasareliablepredictionparameterforavailableNandOlsen’sandMehlichPforavailableP.TheresultsidentifythemanurecompostsaspotentialorganicfertiliserswithsomeoftheBWandGWcompostsassoiladditives/conditioners.ToDr.JimGrantatTeagascforhisassistanceonprocessingthedataandstatistics.

37

Reductionofthecompostingtimeofagro-industrialwastes:effectonthemaincontrolparametersProfessorMônicaSarolliSilvadeCosta1,EnvironmentalEngineerMaicoChiarelotto1,DrLuizAntoniodeMendonçaCosta1,EnvironmentalEngineerFelippeMartinsDamaceno1,DraMABustamante2,DrRaulMoral2,MScPlínioEmanoelRodriguesSilva1,MScHigorE.FrancisconiLorin11ResearchGrouponWaterResourcesandEnvironmentalSanitation-RHESA,WesternParanaStateUniversity-UNIOESTE,AgriculturalEngineeringGraduateProgram-PGEAGRI,Cascavel,Brazil,2GIAAMAResearchGroup,AgrochemistryandEnvironmentDept.,MiguelHernándezUniversity(UMH),EPS-Orihuela,Spain


Compostingistheprimaryavailablestabilizationbioprocessforbroileragro-industrialsolidwastesinBrazil[1],whichareproducedinalargescalemainlyinParanaState.Theaimofthisresearchwastoevaluatetheeffectsofreducingcompostingtimeonsomecontrolparametersofthebioprocessinordertomonitoritsperformanceandthestabilityofthefinalcompost.Hatcherywastes,floatationsludge,sausagecasingsandashwereusedtopreparethreewindrowsof±410kgDMandC:Nof22(W8-35,W12-63,W16-98),usingfreshurbantreetrimmingsinthepercentageof64%ofthetotalweight(DM).Thetreatmentsdifferedaccordingtothenumberofturnings(8,12,16)andcompostingtime(35,63,98days).Temperature,reductionofmassandvolume,C:NratioandGIwereevaluatedatthebeginningandendofthebioprocess.Thedurationofthethermophilicphase(temperatures≥40ºC)wasof35,46and45daysforW8-35,W12-63andW16-98,respectively,andinalltreatmentsthetemperatureexceeded55ºCformorethantwoweeks,whichensuredthemaximumpathogenreductionaccordingtotheEuropeanrequirementsoncompostsanitation[2].Duringtheprocess,themoisturewasmaintainedat50-60%.Thereductionsindrymassandvolumewereincreasinginfunctionofthecompostingtime(35.7,37.2and40.3%fordrymassand32.6,41.1and54.8%forvolume).ThefinalC:Nratiowasalsoaffectedbythecompostingtime(C:N=16;14and12forW8-35,W12-63andW16-98,respectively.TheGerminationIndex(GI)completedthisresult.Itwas33%atthebeginningofthebioprocessandincreasedto141,156and192%forthetreatmentsW8-35,W12-63andW16-98,respectively).Allcompostsbeingconsideredasmaturedaccordingto[3].Thetimeof35dayscombinedwitheightturningswasefficientinachievingthestandardsprocesscontrolparametersforthecompostingofagro-industrialwastesinthestudiedconditionsandalsoallowedtheproductionofastableandmaturecompostsuitableforitsagriculturaluse.TheauthorsthanktheAgregareCompostingPlantforsupplyingthewastesandGIAAMAresearchersforthepartnershipinthisstudy.[1]Costa,M.S.S.M.;Bernardi,F.H.;Costa,L.A.M.etal.2017.JCleanProd.142,2084–2092.[2]Gavilanes-Terán,I.;Jara-Samaniego,J.;Idrovo-Novillo,J.;Bustamante,M.A.;Moral,R.;Paredes,C.2016.WasteManagement,48,127–134.[3]TMECC,2002.TestMethodsfortheExaminationofCompostingandCompost.USCompostingCouncil,Bethesda,MD.

38

Microplasticdetectioninsoilamendedwithmunicipalsolidwastecompostsasrevealedbymicroscopyandpyrolysis/GC/MS

FrancoiseWatteau1,AdelineBouchard1,VincentMercier2,AgatheRevalier3,Marie-FranceDignac2,SabineHouot21LSE,UL-INRA,VandoeuvrelèsNancy,France,2INRA,ThivervalGrignon,France,3VEOLIA,Limay,France


Urbancompostspreadinginagrosystemsenhancessoilfertilitybutcanalsobeasourceofplastics,notentirelyeliminatedduringthecompostingprocess.Knowledgeofthefateoftheseplasticsinregularly-amendedsoilsisthusanissuefortheenvironmentalmanagementofthesesoils.Itisthennecessarytohavetoolsmonitoringtheidentificationof(micro)-plasticswithinthesoilstructures.Thestudiedsoilisaloamysoilcultivatedwithwheat/maizeproductionandamendedeverytwoyearswithmunicipalsolidwastecompostssince1998.Weusedandadaptedamethodologybasedonthemorphologicalandanalyticalcharacterization,bytransmissionelectronmicroscopy(TEM)associatedtoEDXmicroanalysis,ofthegranulometricfractionsofcompostandsoil12.Identificationofplasticswasdefinedandtheirassociationwithsoilparticlesdescribed.Resultswerecompletedbysoilphysico-chemicalanalysesandpyrolysis/GC/MSofthesoilgranulometricfractions.TEM-EDXresultshighlightedmorphologicalandanalyticaltracersoftheintroducedplastics.Forinstance,specificfeaturesoforganicmembranesassociatedwithtitaniumwereidentifiedincompostandsoilfractions.Ti,BaandClappearedasrelevantplastictracers.Mainplasticfragmentswerenotassociatedwithinsoilaggregatesanddidnotpresentanyfeaturesofmicrobialdegradation.Plasticsfragmentswerefrequentlyobservedinthecoarsestsoilfractions(>50µm),then,thefinerthefraction,thelowertheobservationfrequenciesofthem.Almostnomicro-plastics(<20µm)werefoundeitherinthecompostnorinthe<20µmsoilfractions.Somepyrolysisproductspossiblyderivedfromplastics3,suchasstyrene,wereobservedinsomeofthesefractions.Relativeproportionsofstyreneproduceduponpyrolysisofsoilfractionsalsodecreasedaccordingtoasamedecreasinggradientofparticlesizes.Detectionlimitsofthemethodandplasticturnoverarediscussed.Thismethodologicalapproachprovidedmorphological,elementalandmoleculartracersofmicro-plasticsincompostandsoilgranulometricfractions.Havingtooltomonitorthefateofmicro-plasticsovertimewillcompleteinformationontheiravailabilityinsoilsandtheircontributiontotheorganicmatterdynamicsinsoilsamendedwithbio-basedproducts.ThisresearchwasfundedbyVeolia-VERIandAllenvialliance.1Watteau,F.andVillemin,G.2011.BioresourceTechnology,102,9313-93172Watteau,F.,Villemin,G.,Bartoli,F.,Schwartz,C.andMorel,J.L.2012.SoilBiologyBiochemistry,4,103-1143Dignac,M.-F.,Houot,S.,Francou,C.andDerenne,S.2005.OrganicGeochemistry,36,1054-1071

39

Hydrothermalcarbonizationoflivestockwastefortheeliminationofpathogens,antibioticresistancegenes,andthecreationofsustainablebyproductsforre-useintheagriculturalsector.DrThomasDucey1,DrKyoungRo1,DrBryanWoodbury2,DrArielSzogi11ARS-USDA,Florence,UnitedStates,2ARS-USDA,ClayCenter,UnitedStates


Hydrothermalcarbonizationoflivestockmortalitymayprovideabiosecuretreatmentoption.Currentmethodsoflivestockmortalitytreatmentincludepitburial,composting,incinerationandrendering.Pitburialandcompostingruntheriskofpathogensurvivalandcontaminationofground-water,whileincinerationisexpensiveandrenderingisspeciesdependent.HTCtreatmentsmayprovideamoreefficientandpotentiallymorethoroughtreatmentalternative.Beefboneandtissueexperiments,wereperformedattwoHTCtreatmenttemperatures(150°C,and200°C)atautogenicpressures.Allexperimentswereconductedatthreetreatmenttimes(30,60,and240min).Foreachtemperature,acontrolwasperformed,withsetupasdescribedabove,butinsteadofbeingsubjectedtoHTC,theexperimentwasincubatedfor4hat37°Cinawaterjacketedincubator.DNAwasextractedfromallsamplesandanalyzedusingPCR.ResultsindicatethatHTCtreatmentat150and200°Candautogenicpressures,leadsto100%eliminationofpathogensandmicrobially-derivedDNA.AdditionalresultsfocusonthecharacterizationofHTCby-productsand,inparticularchemicalcomposition,surfacearea,andadsorptioncapacityfornutrients.FurtheranalysisofextractedDNAusingahigh-sensitivityDNAkitonanAgilentBioanalyzerrevealedthatnoDNAwaspresentintheHTCtreatedsamples.TheabilityofHTCtreatmenttorapidlyinactivatebothpharmaceuticallyactivecompounds(i.e.,antibiotics)andtheDNAthatconfersresistancetothesecompoundsprovidesitanadvantageoverothertreatments.Theseadvantagescanpotentiallyincludeanincreasedrangeoftreatablecontaminants,aswellasreductionsinoperationcostsandtime.Operationalcostsareaffectedbytemperatureandtreatmenttime.OurstudiesdemonstratethatforeliminationofpathogensandtheirDNA,minimumtemperaturesof150°Cwithtreatmenttimesof30minprovesufficient.Thisworkservesaproofofconceptthathydrocarbonthermalizationofanimalmortalitymayproveasuitabletreatmentoptionwhenconsideringtotalpathogenkillandeliminationofmicrobially-derivedDNA.Thisworkcanprovideabasisforfurtherworkfocusingonotherwastestreams,includingmanuresandwastewaters.TheauthorswouldliketothankMelJohnson,ChristopherDonaldson,andHannahRushmillerfortheirtechnicalexpertise.

40

Effectofinorganiccarbonandnaturalorganicmatterintheefficiencyofnitrogenrecoveryfromliquidwastefluxesusinggas-permeablemembranesMs.SilvanaDaguerre1,Dr.MatiasVanotti2,Dr.ManuelRodriguez3,ProfRaulMoral11AgrochemistryandEnvironmentDept.,MiguelHernandezUniversity(UMH),EPS-Orihuela,Orihuela(Alicante),Spain,2USDA–ARS–CoastalPlainsSoil,WaterandPlantResearchCenter–2611–W.LucasSt–,Florence,USA,3UniversityInstituteoftheWaterandtheEnvironmentalSciences.UniversityofAlicante.CarreteraSanVicentedelRaspeigs/n,03690,SanVicentedelRaspeig(Alicante),Spain


Npollutionisanincreasedprocesswithglobalwarmingpotentialimplications.Gas-permeablemembraneshasbeenreportedasusefulmethodologyforNremovalfromliquidwastes,withgaseousammoniatransferfromtheliquidwastetoanacidsolutionthroughthemembrane.However,increaseofpHinliquidwastesisnecessarytoenhanceefficiency-transferfromammoniumtoammoniathoughthemembrane.Theobjectivewastounderstandhowacombinedlow-rateaeration(0.25Lairmin-1L-1)andinorganiccarbonpresence/additionincreasestheinfluentpH,whichresultsinenhancedNrecoveryusinggas-permeablemembranes.Possiblelimitationsofbicarbonateonthisoperationarestudied(Exp1).ThepossibleeffectofthedissolvedorganicmatteronNrecoveryisalsoevaluated(Exp2).Bothexperimentsusedsyntheticsolutions,containing1000-4000mgNH4+/L,sodiumbicarbonateand/orhumicacidsodiumsalt.Finally,Nrecoverywasappliedinrealpigslurries.Theresultsobtainedshowedthatbicarbonateconcentrationrelativetotheammoniawasakeyfactorthataffectedtherateoftransferenceandrecoveryoftheammoniausingthegas-permeabletechniquewithaeration.Whenalkalinityfrombicarbonatewaslowrelativetotheammonia,theconversionofammoniumtoammonia,asprevioussteptotransferencethroughthemembrane,wasratherreduced,resultinginlowoverallNrecoveryefficiencies(45-59%).However,whenbicarbonateconcentrationwashigher(>2.4g/gNH4+),theNrecoveryofthesystemwasoptimized(>85%).Inthesecondexperimentusingsyntheticsolutions,wefoundthattheNrecoveryefficiencyoftheprocesswasnotlimitedbythepresenceofspikedorganicmatterintherangeof3000to6000mg/Ltested.Usingpigslurrieswiththissystem,ammoniumrecoverieswere>90%.Thecombinationoflowaerationrateandhighbicarbonate:ammoniaratioresultsinalkalineconditionswhichfavouredofmembrane-transferandsignificantrecoveryofammoniaN(86-94%)inhighammoniumandorganicmatterliquidwastes(syntheticinfluentsandrealpigslurries).

41

Optimizationofthecompostinglengthofagro-industrialwastesanditseffectsoncompostmaturityProfessorMônicaSarolliSilvadeCosta1,EnvironmentalEngineerMaicoChiarelotto1,EnvironmentalEngineerFelippeMartinsDamaceno1,DrLuizAntoniodeMendonçaCosta1,DraMABustamante2,DrRaulMoral2,MrIgorTeixeira3,MrEduardoSutilLange31RHESAResearchGrouponWaterResourcesandEnvironmentalSanitation,WesternParanaStateUniversity-UNIOESTE,AgriculturalEngineeringGraduateProgram-PGEAGRI,Cascavel,Brazil,2GIAAMAResearchGroup,AgrochemistryandEnvironmentDept.,MiguelHernándezUniversity(UMH),EPS-Orihuela-Alicante,Spain,3UndergraduatestudentofAgriculturalEngineering-WesternParanaStateUniversity-UNIOESTE,Cascavel,Brazil


Thematurityphaseis,partially,affectedbytherelativestabilityofthematerialandalsodescribestheimpactofothercompostchemicalpropertiesonplantdevelopment[1].Theaimofthisstudywastoevaluatethechangesinsomechemicalandbiochemicalparametersduringthematurityphaseofthreecompostsproducedindifferentcompostingtimes.Agro-industrialwastes(hatcherywastes,floatationsludge,sausagecasings,ash)mixedwithfreshurbantreestrimmingswerecompostedindifferenttimes(35,63,98days).Afterthisperiod,thecompostswerelefttomature,previouslysievedandstoredinbagsinaprotectedplace,andsampledafter0,30and60days.TheparametersevaluatedwerepH,electricalconductivity(EC),cationexchangecapacity(CEC),germintionindex(GI),Totalnitrogen(TN)andsolublePandK.Thedataweresubmittedtovarianceanalysis.Theeffectsofthematurationphaseweremainlyobservedinthecompostthatremained35daysincompostingprocess(C₁).InC₁wasobservedadecreaseinthepHvaluesandanincreaseintheECsuggestingnitrification[2]andmasslossduringthisphase.TheGIalsoincreasedinC₁whileshowedaslightdecreaseinthecompostthatremained98daysincompostingprocess(C₃).TheTNconcentrationandsolublePdidnotvariedduringthematurationphasebutthesolubleKincreasedatthe60dayinallcomposts.ThehighestvalueofCECwasobservedintheC₃butitdidnotchangeinthiscompostorintheC₁whichpresentedthelowestvalueofthisvariableinthebeginningofthematurationphase.Thecompostthatremained63daysincompostingprocess(C₂)showedanincreaseinCECafter60daysofmaturation.Thereductioninthecompostingtimeseemedtoaffectthechemicalandbiochemicaltransformationsduringthematurationphase,whichsignificantlyinfluencedthefinalpropertiesoftheend-productobtained.TheauthorsthanktheAgregareCompostingPlantforsupplyingthewastesandGIAAMAresearchersforthepartnershipinthisstudy.[1]Bernal,M.P.;Alburquerque,J.A.;Moral,R.2009.BioresourceTechnology,100,5444–5453.[2]Sànchez-Monedero,M.A.;Roig,A.;Paredes,C.;Bernal,M.P.2001.BioresourceTechnology,78,301-308.

42

AssessmentofemissionfactorsfordifferentdairycattlehousingsystemsinGermany–MeasurementapproachandfirstresultsDr.BrigitteEurich-Menden1,Dr.UlrikeWolf1,Dr.SebastianWulf1,EwaldGrimm1

1KTBLe.v.,Darmstadt,Germany


TheGermanproject“EmiDaT”aimstodevelopnewemissionfactorsfordifferentanimalcategories(dairycattleandfatteningpigs)andhousingsystemsinGermany.Theseemissionfactorswillbeusedforthenationalinventoryaswellasforauthorizationprocesses.Tomeasuretheemissionsfromnaturallyventilatedbarns,anationwidemeasurementprogramwassetup.Differenttypesofcubiclehousingswerechosentoidentifyvariationintheemissionsofhousingsystemsfordairycows:solidfloorinthewalkingarea,slattedfloorwithslurrystoragebeneaththefloorandslurrystorageoutside.Foreachhousingtype,4farmlocationswerechosen.Measurementswillbecarriedoutduringsixweeklyperiodsthroughoutoneyearateachlocation.TheairflowratewillbemeasuredbyusingtheCO2balancemethod,gasconcentrationswithFTIRdevices.MeasurementsatthefirstthreefarmlocationsstartedinFebruary2017,twocompaniesaredoingthemeasurements,thedatafromthefirstmeasurementshasnotbeenevaluatedsofar,butwillbeinthenextweeks.ToharmonizetheprocedureofmeasuringaworkshopwithseveralcompanieswassetupatonefarmlocationtoshowtheprocedureofemissionsmeasuringfollowingtheinternationalVERAprotocol.Togetsignificantnationalemissionsfactorsforammoniafromnaturallyventilatedcowhousingstheselectionofadequatepracticefarmsandtheinformationexchangewiththemeasuringcompanieswerethemostimportantworkingstepsintheproject.TheprojectisfinancedbytheLandwirtschaftlichenRentenbank,FrankfurtamMainVERA(2012):Testprotocols.http://www.vera-verification.eu/fileadmin/download/Test_programs/Housing.pd

43

Gas-permeablemembranestoabateammoniaemissionsfromlivestockwastes:developingthelifeprojectammoniatrappingM.CruzGarcia-Gonzalez,1,BertaRiaño1,MercedesSánchez2,ArielSzogi3,M.B.Vanotti31AgricultureTechnologicalInstituteOfCastillayLeón,Ctra.deBurgos,km119,CP.47071,Valladolid,Spain,2AgricultureandForestryScienceDepartment,ETSIIAA,UniversidaddeValladolid,AvenidadeMadrid57,CP.34004,Palencia,Spain,3UnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture,AgriculturalResearchService,CoastalPlainsSoil,WaterandPlantResearchCenter,2611W.LucasSt.,Florence,USA


Significanteffortsarerequiredtoabateammonia(NH3)emissionsfromtheagriculturalsector;therefore,newtechnologiestorecovertheNH3areneeded.Thisworkcompilesresultsfromaseriesoflab-scalestudiesonanewprocessforNH3recoveryfromsolidandliquidlivestockwastes.TheywereusedtodevelopthecomprehensiveLifeprojectAmmoniaTrappingatlargerfarmscale.ThetechnologyincludesthepassageofNH3throughamicro-poroushydrophobicmembraneandsubsequentcaptureandconcentrationinastrippingsolutionontheothersideofthemembrane.Forliquidapplications,themembranemanifoldsweresubmergedintheliquid,andNH3wasremovedfromtheliquidbeforeitescapedintotheair.Forairapplications,themembranemanifoldsweresuspendedabovethelitter,andNH3wasremovedinsidethechambers.AnevaluationoftheamountofNH3recoveredbythemembranesystemaswellasastudyabouthowtoincreasetherecoveryrateofNH3fromlivestockwastesweredone.Inthecaseofrawanddigestedmanure,low-rateaerationoftheliquidraisedpHpromotingNH3releasewithoutchemicals.Inthecaseofpoultrylitter,theuseofCa(OH)2increasedpHandenhancedvolatilizationofNH3anditscapture.Usingtheimprovedprotocol,99%ofNH3wasrecoveredbythemembranefromrawmanure,andmorethan96%fromdigestedmanure.Forairapplications,poultrylitterwasusedandweachieved84%ofNH3recovered.Thesedatawillbeusedtodesignanddeveloppilot-scalemodulestoreduceNH3frombothliquidandairapplications.TheywillbetestedinapigandalayinghenfarmundertheframeoftheLifeprojectAmmoniaTrapping.CapturingNH3emissionsfromlivestockwastesisanewstrategytoimprovetheenvironment.Thegas-permeablemembranetechnologyshowedhighperformanceatlab-scale.UndertheframeworkoftheLifeAmmoniaTrappingproject,farm-scaleprototypesforliquidandairapplicationwillbetestedinthehigh-densitylivestockregionofCastilla-León,Spain.ThepilotresearchinSpainisfundedbytheEuropeanUnionundertheProjectLifeAmmoniaTrapping(Life15ENV/ES/000284).

44

LownitrogenlossesindoorscomparedtooutdoorstorageforsheepdeeplitterinnorthernSwedenPh.D.CeciliaPalmborg1,MsGunBernes1,Agr.D.Knut-HåkanJeppsson21DepartmentofAgriculturalResearchforNorthernSweden,SwedishUniversityofAgriculturalSciences,90183Umeå,Sweden,2DepartmentofBiosystemsandTechnology,SwedishUniversityofAgriculturalSciences,23053Alnarp,Sweden


KnowledgeaboutthenutrientvalueofsheepmanureisSwedenisscarce.Also,strawbeddinghasbecomeexpensiveinpartsofSweden,andevaluationofalternativebeddingmaterialsisneeded.Ouraimwastodeterminethenutrientcompositionofdeeplittermanureandmakenutrientbalances,includingammoniaemissions,comparingbeddingofbarleystrawandreedcanarygrass.Sixboxes,eachwith5-6sheep,weregivenbarleystraworreedcanarygrassbeddingduringtwowinterseasons.Balanceswerecalculatedfromnutrientconcentrationsandmassofinputs;grasssilage,mineralsupplementation,beddingmaterial,andoutputs;deeplittermanureandlambgrowth[1].Oneyear,massandnutrientconcentrationsbeforeandafteroutdoorstorageofdeeplitterinheapswerealsoquantified.Temperatureintheairandinthemanurewasmeasuredduringbothindoorandoutdoorperiods.Drymatterlossesinthesheephousewere42%thefirstyearand50%(alsoincludingsummerstorageindoors)thesecondyear.Nitrogenlossesweresmaller,10%thefirstyearand11%thesecond.Thisdidnotdiffersignificantlybetweenbarleystrawandreedcanarygrass.Bothmaterialsworkedwell,butreedcanarygrasswasdustierand9-12%morebeddingwasneeded.Drymatterandnitrogenlossesmainlytookplaceduringthewinter;thereweresmalldifferencesbetweenthenutrientconcentrationsinmanurebeforeandaftersummerstorageinthestablethesecondyear.Despiteindoortemperaturesbetween–15⁰Cand+11⁰C,themeantemperatureat8.5cmdepthinthedeeplitterwasneverbelowzero.Duringoutdoorstoragethefirstsummer,drymatterlosswas49%andN-losswas30%.Alargepartofthislosswasammonium,whichdecreasedwith67%.Ammonialossiscommonduringcomposting[2].Inacoldclimate,sheepkeptondeeplitterbedswitheitherbarleystraworreedcanarygrassgiveagoodmanurethatdoesnotlosemuchnitrogenduringthehousingseason.Lossesduringtheoutdoorstorageweremuchlarger,mainlyduetolossofammonium,presumablyasammoniaemission.ThisstudyisfinancedbySLUEkoForsk.WealsothankourinternshipstudentsSamuelKnappandFedericaAru.[1]Poulsen,H.D.,Kristensen,V.F.1997.Normtalforhusdyrgødning—Enrevurderingafdanskenormtalforhusdyrgødningensindholdafkvælstof,fosforogkalium.DanmarksJordbrugsForskning,Beretning736,42-43[2]Larney,F.J.,Sullivan,D.M.Buckley,K.E.Eghball,B.2006.Theroleofcompostinginrecyclingmanurenutrients.CanadianJournalofSoilScience86,597-611.

45

MitigationofammoniaandgreenhousegasemissionsfromstoredcattleslurryusingacidifiersandchemicalamendmentsMrIanKavanagh1,2,DrWilliamBurchill1,DrMarkGHealy2,DrGaryJLanigan11Crops,Environment&LandUseProgramme,Teagasc,JohnstownCastleEnvironmentResearchCentre,Co.Wexford,Ireland,2CivilEngineering,NationalUniversityofIrelandGalway,Co.Galway,Ireland


Cattleaccountfor72%ofIreland’sagriculturalammonia(NH₃)emissions,ofwhichslurrystoragecontributes15%[1].Theobjectiveofthisstudywastoinvestigatetheimpactoftheadditionofsulphuricacid,aceticacid,andchemicalamendmentsonNH₃,carbondioxide(CO₂)andmethane(CH₄)emissionsfromstoredcattleslurry.Cattleslurry,withdrymatter(DM)contentsof4%and7%,wereamendedwithsulphuricacid,aceticacid,alum,andferricchloride(FeCl₃)untilatargetpHof5.5wasattained.Acontrol,withnoamendment,wasalsoincluded.Thestudywasconductedusing1.6L-capacitycontainers,whichwerestoredat8.6⁰C.Ammoniaemissions(photoacousticfieldgas-monitor)andCO₂andCH₄emissions(closedstaticchambertechnique)weremonitoredfor83days.pHwasmeasuredusingaJENWAY1510pHmeter.TheamendmentsreducedNH₃emissionsby84%-98%andby86%-97%relativetothecontrolsinthe4%DMand7%DMslurries,respectively.AlumandFeCl₃producedthehighestreductions.However,FeCl₃hadsignificantlylowerNH₃emissionsthanbothsulphuricacidandaceticacidinbothDMslurries.ThepHofalltreatmentsgraduallyroseduringthestudy,andattainedvaluesofbetween6.8to7.2inthe4%DMslurryand6.5and6.9inthe7%DMslurrybyday83,whilethecontrolremainedat7.4±0.1duringthestudy.Methaneemissionsreducedby80%-95%inthe4%DMslurryandby94%-98%inthe7%DMslurryrelativetothecontrols,withFeCl₃attainingthehighestreductions.Carbondioxideemissionsweresimilaracrossalltreatmentsinthe7%DMslurry.However,aceticacidincreasedCO₂productioninthe4%DMslurryby62%relativetothecontrol.AlltheamendmentsexaminedsignificantlyreducedNH₃andCH₄emissions.Totheauthors’knowledge,thisisthefirststudytoshowthattheadditionofalumandferricchloridetocattleslurryunderwinterstorageconditionssignificantlyreducesNH₃andCH₄emissionswithoutincreasingCO₂production.ThisworkwasfundedbytheIrishDepartmentofAgriculture,FoodandtheMarine(GrantnumberRSF13/S/430).[1]EPA,2015INFORMATIVEINVENTORYREPORT2015

46

Impactofdigestatpost-processingstrategiesongaseousemissionMFabriceGUIZIOU1,2,MJean-ChristopheROUX3,MJackyMAZOYER3,MGuillaumeNUNES1,2,MNicolasAUVINET1,2,MsPatriciaSAINT-CAST1,2,MsMylèneDAUMOIN1,2,MsSophieMICHEL-LEROUX1,2,MsMarilysPRADEL3,MRomainGIRAULT1,21Irstea,UROPAALE,RENNES,France,2UniversitéBretagne-Loire,RENNES,France,3Irstea,URTSCF,MONTOLDRE,France


DevelopmentofanaerobicdigestionplantsinFranceismainlybasedonco-digestionoflivestockmanurewithexternalwaste.Mostoftheplantsusetechnologiestopost-processdigestate(liquid/solidseparation,drying,pelletization),beforethelaststepofspreading.Thisstudyfocusesonthecomparisonoftheimpactofdigestatepost-treatmentstrategiesongaseousemissionsoccurringfrompost-processingsteptoland-spreadingstep.Afarmandaterritorialplantweremonitoredforseveralweekstoevaluatemassbalanceandtomeasureemissionfromfractionationstep,soliddryingprocess,andpelletization,usingIR-PASdeviceoracidtrapping.Emissionsduringstorageofrawandpost-processedproductswerecarriedoutindifferentvesselsatlabfor4weeksatleast.SpreadingemissionswereevaluatedusingtheCEMOB(organic-productsspreading-bench)andWindTunnelsforthesolidproducts.EmissionsconcernedareNH3,CH4andN2O(storage),andodors.Thefarmplantprocessiscomposedofafractionationwithascew-press,followedwithstorageofsolid-fractionandliquid-fractionbeforespreading.Theterritorialplantprocessischaracterizedwith,afractionationusingcentrifugedecanter,asolid-fraction'sdryerbeforestorageofthisfraction,andnoliquid-fractionstorage(membranes/concentrationprocesses).Weaddedequipmentsforproducingpelletsfromthedriedfraction.Rawdigestateseparationstepappearstobeanon-contributivestepforemission,whateverusingsimpleorcomplextechnology.Thestoragesofsolid-fractionandliquid-fraction,integratedover1year,arestillbeingahotspotofemission,especiallyforammonia.Forfarmplant,ammoniaemissionsfromstoragecomeformorethan95%ofammonialossesfromliquid-fractionandforlessthan3%fromsolidfraction.Emissionfromfractionationisnear2%.Ammoniaemissionsonterritorialplantoccuressentiallyfromdryer.Digestatepost-treatmentsstronglyimpactammoniaandodoremissionduringland-spreadingtoo.Anaerobicdigestionandpost-processofdigestatsmodifyphysicalandchemicalpropertiesofeffluents,andleadtomodifygaseousemissionbehavioratthedifferentstepsofeffluent'smanagement.Accordingtothekindofplantsandinstalledtechnologies,wecandefineprocessstepsonwhichmitigation/reductionofemissionshouldfocus.Thisstudyispartof“Remiprophyte”project,supportedin“AAPDOSTE-2013”programfromFrenchEnvironmentProtectionandEnergyAgency(ADEME).Hamelin&al.,2011.Environmentalconsequencesoffuturebiogaztechnologiesbasedonseparatedslurry.EnvironmentalScience&Technology45(13):5869-77.RaoJ.R.&al.,2007.Pelletedorgano-mineralfertilizersfromcompostedpigslurrysolids,animalwastesandspentmushroomcompostforamenitygrasslands.WasteManagement,27,1117-1128.

47

ModellingammoniaemissionsfrombroilerproductioninCavanandMonaghanMrDavidKelleghan1,MsLilianaMarcelaOsorio-Arce1,MrDamienLambert1,DrEndaHayes2,DrTomCurran11UCDSchoolofBiosystems&FoodEngineering,Belfield,Ireland,2AirQualityManagementResourceCentre,DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,UniversityoftheWestofEngland,Bristol,UnitedKingdom


CountiesCavanandMonaghanhoused67.10%ofIreland’spoultryduringthe2010CentralStatisticsOfficeAgriculturalSurvey.ThishighproportionofIreland’spoultryproductioninthesecountiesislikelytoexacerbatepotentialcumulativeimpactsfromatmosphericammonia.Assuchitisnecessarytobothassessthepotentialcumulativeimpactswhilealsoidentifyingunlicensedbelowthresholdfarms.AERMODwasusedtomodeltheemissionsfromabovethresholdIndustrialEmissionsDirective(IED)licensedpoultryhousesinCavanandMonaghan.TheoutputsofthesemodelswereintegratedusingArcGISwhichvisualisedthecumulativeimpactoflicensedpoultryfarms.Areviewoflocalauthorityplanningapplicationsandsatelliteimagerywasusedtoidentifyunlicensedfarms.Kerneldensityanalysisofallfarmsprovidedfurtherinsighttotheriskofcumulativeimpacts.UsingAERMODwithcurrentEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyemissionfactors[1],theoutputoftheSCAILmodel[2]usedintheUnitedKingdomismimicked.WhileSCAILisanexcellenttoolforassessingtheimpactofindividualfarms,itdoesnotassessthecumulativeimpactofmultiplefarms.Theidentificationofunlicensedfarmsisessential.Thoughtheunlicensedfarmshaveasmallernumberofbirdsperfarm,thereisasubstantialnumberoffarmsinthisregion.Itisestimatedthatthelicensedhousescoverlessthan15%ofthetotalnumberofbroilerfarmsintheregion.TheemissionfactorsforpoultryhousesarecurrentlybeingupdatedbytheAmmoniaN2KprojectinUCD,fundedbytheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency.Beforefurthermodellingiscompleted,theseupdatedfactorswillbeintegratedwithinternationaldatainordertobestestimateemissionsbasedonpractice.Thoughrunninglocallevelmodelsonanationalscaleistimeconsuming,itisthebestmethodforassessingecologicalimpacts[2]whilealsoassessingcumulativeimpactsonanationalscale.Thisdatacanbeintegratedintoanambientconcentrationmaptobetterimproveourknowledgeofnationalammoniaconcentrations.TheauthorswouldliketothanktheEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyforsupportunderSTRIVE.[ProjectNumber=2013-EH-MS-14].[1]EPA,2016.Emissionandwastetransferreportingguidancefortheintensiveagriculturesector.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,sectorspecificAER/PRTRguidancedocument.[2]Hill,R.,Bealey,B.,Johnson,C.,Ball,A.,Simpson,K.,Smith,A.,Theobald,M.,Braban,C.,Magaz,I.,Curran,T.,2014.SCAIL-Agricultureupdate.SnifferER26:FinalReport.

48

AnimalmanureandsequestrationofatmosphericcarboninsoilsDr.DenisAngers1,Dr.MartinChantigny1,Dr.ÉmilieMaiillard11AgricultureAndAgri-FoodCanada,QuebecCity,Canada

F.ParallelSession2-SubTheme4-Soil&WaterQuality,McCarthy,September4,2017,14:00-15:30

AnimalmanureapplicationusuallyincreasessoilorganicC(SOC)stocks.ThisisoftenreferredtoasCsequestration.WedefineCsequestrationasthenetremovalofatmosphericCO2throughitstransferintolong-livedpoolssuchassoilorganicmatter.WeexaminevariousquestionsrelatedtotheroleofanimalmanureonatmosphericCsequestrationinsoils.Ameta-analysiswasperformedtoquantifytheoverallimpactofmanureonSOCaccumulationattheglobalscale[1].Inalong-termfieldstudy,thefateofliquidhogmanure-Cwastrackedusingstable13C[2].Intwootherstudies,theeffectsofcroppingpracticesonmanure-derivedSOC[3]andtheimpactofmanureapplicationonSOCfractions[4]wereexamined.Finally,aconceptualmodelwasdevelopedtoillustratethefateinsoilsoforganicCderivedfromanimalmanure.Onaverage,world-wide,12±4ofappliedmanureCisretainedasSOC[1].ArelativeSOCchangefactorof1.26±0.14canbesuggestedtorefinethecurrentIPCCTier1factors.Asignificantlackofinformationexistsforhogandpoultrymanure,andforliquidmanureattheglobalscale.Somemanuretypes(e.g.liquidhogmanure)caninduceprimingofnativeSOCandresultinlimitedeffectsonSOC[2].Retentionofliquiddairymanure-derivedCwasgreaterunderperennialthanannualcroppingsystems[3].LiquiddairymanurealsoresultedinCaccumulationinrelativelystableforms[4].Stabilizationofmanure-derivedCseemstobefavoredwhenmanurecontainssignificantproportionsofbothsolubleandsolidcomponents.Finally,arealclimatechangemitigationeffectcanonlybeattributedtomanureapplicationifitresultsinanetremovalofCO2fromtheatmosphere.ApplicationofanimalmanuretosoilusuallyresultsinanincreaseinSOCstocks,butnotalways.Manure-inducedchangesinSOCaremodulatedbyoriginandcompositionofmanure,butalsobyothermanagementpractices.CareshouldbetakenwhenassertingthatmanureapplicationresultsinsequestrationofatmosphericCO2.[1]Maillard,E.andD.A.Angers.2014.GlobalChangeBiology20:666-679.[2]Angers,D.A.,etal.2010.NutrientCyclinginAgroecosystems86:225-229[3]Maillard,É.etal.2016.Agriculture,EcosystemsandEnvironment233:171-178.[4]Maillard,E.etal.Agriculture,EcosystemsandEnvironment202:108-119.

49

EnvironmentalimplicationsofaluminiumandchromiumreleasefromsoilsamendedwithbiogasdigestatesIvanDragicevic1,SusanneEich-Greatorex1,TrineA.Sogn1,ToreKrogstad11FacultyofEnvironmentalSciencesandNaturalResourceManagement,Ås,Norway


Productionofbiogas(methane)byanaerobicdigestionresultsinconsiderableamountsofbiogasdigestates,whichareliquid-solidmixtureby-productsusedasorganicfertilizers.Inthisstudy,themainobjectivewastoinvestigatereleaseofAlandCrfromthreesoiltypestreatedwithexperimentalandcommercialdigestatestowaterphase.ReleaseofAlandCrwasstudiedinthreedifferentsoilsincolumnleaching,potandfieldexperiments.Treatmentsconsistedofexperimental(EDIG,3types)andcommercial(CDIG,2types,foodwasteandsewagesludgebased)digestatescomparedtoanimalmanure(AM)andacontrolsoils.MetalanalysiswasdoneusingICP-MSTripleQ.MetalbindingandfreemetalconcentrationsweremodelledusingWHAM7.0.ThecolumnleachingexperimentshowedthatleachingofAlandCrwasbelowtheamountsaddedtothecolumns,beinglowestforCDIGwhencomparedtoEDIGandAM,withDOCandpHbeingthelimitingfactorsaffectingthereleaseofthemetals.Inthepotexperiment,measuredconcentrationsofleachedAlattheendofthegrowingseasonwerehigherfortheCDIG.ConcentrationofCrfromalltreatedpotswassimilarbetweenloamandsiltsoilsbutnotforsandysoil,indicatingthatsoilpropertieswerethedominantfactor.Resultsofthefieldexperimentshowedanincreaseoftotalmetalconcentrationonplotstreatedwithcommercialdigestates.Asignificantincreaseofwater-availableconcentrationswasalsoobservedforAlwithCDIGtreatmentsduringthefieldexperiment.Dataobtainedfromchemicalmodellingindicatedthatthemajorityofthesolublemetalformswerecomplexedwiththeorganicmatter.ResultsfromconductedexperimentshaveindicatedthatAlandCrcontainingdigestatescanbecomparedtotheuseofcommonorganicfertilizerssuchasanimalmanureinregardstometalleaching.Chemicalmodellingusingdataobtainedfromfieldexperimentsuggeststhattheenvironmentalriskfrommetalreleaseislow.ThisresearchwaspartlyfundedbytheNorwegianResearchCouncil(Projectno.228747/E20).

50

PAHdynamicinagriculturalsoilsamendedwithcomposts:experimentsandmodelingwiththe“VSOIL”platformDrPatriciaGarnier1,DrKhaledBrimo1,2,DrStephanieOuvrard2,DrMarjolaineDeschamps1,DrPierreBenoit1,DrSabineHouot1,DrFrançoisLafolie31InraUMREcosys,Grignon,France,2InraUMRLSE,Nancy,France,3InraUMREmmah,Avignon,France


CompostapplicationinagriculturalsoilgeneratesfluxofOPsandamongthempolycyclicaromatichydrocarbons(PAHs).ApotentialaccumulationofPAHsinsoilsfromsuccessivecompostapplicationscouldimplyriskstoenvironment.ThereisaneedtoanewgenerationofmodelstodescribePAHdynamicinsoil.OurworkisbasedontheimplementationofaninterdisciplinarymodelofPAHsinsoilusingthe«VSOIL»modelingplatform,bycouplingmodulesdescribingthemajorphysical,biochemicalandbiologicalprocessesinfluencingthefateofPAHsinsoil.ExperimentaldatafromtheFeucherollessite(78)usingtwodifferentcomposts(municipalsolidwastecompostandgreenwastesludgecompost)andacontroltreatmentisusedtocalibrateandtestthemodel.OurresultsshowthatthemodelcanadequatelypredictthefateofPAHsinsoilonashortperiodof14years.ThesimulationsshowthatthemajorityofPAHsbroughtwithcompostaccumulateandpersistinthesoil,causingasteadyincreaseintheirconcentrationsinsoilbutremainingatlowvalues.ThePAHmineralizationisgovernedbysubstratetransferlimitationratherthanmicrobialactivity.ScenariosthatpredictthedynamicofPAHsinsoilatlongtermsshowalowPAHaccumulationinsoilafter38yearsduetoahighsequestrationofthePAHinsoilsthatisslightlyhigherformunicipalsolidwastecompoststhanforgreenwastesludgecomposts.Accordingtothisstudy,atlongterms,aboutonequarteroftheaddedPAHwasstillpotentiallybioavailablebutatverylowconcentrationsconsequentlytherisksofcontaminationbyPAHsfromcompostapplicationsinagriculturalsoilsremainverylow.Brimo,K.,Garnier,P.,Sun,S.,etal.2016.Environ.Pollut.215,27–37.Chalhoub,M.,Garnier,P.,Coquet,Y.,etal.2013.SoilBiology&Biochemistry65,144–157.Geng,C.,Haudin,C.-S.,Zhang,Y.,etal.2015.Chemosphere119,423–431.

51

Legacyeffectsofone-timeapplicationsofmanureamendmentstoartificiallyerodedsoilsDrFrancisLarney1,DrHenryJanzen11Agriculture&Agri-FoodCanada,,


Inter-relationshipsamongsoilerosion,soilquality,soilresilienceandlegacyeffectsoforganicamendmentshavenotbeenadequatelyquantified.TopsoilwasmechanicallyremovedtosimulateerosioninsemiaridsouthernAlbertain1990.Askilledoperatorwithanexcavatorstrippedtopsoiltofourdepths(5,10,15,20cmcuts),whichwerecomparedtoacontrol(0cmcut).Fourone-timeamendmentsub-treatments(in1990only)wereestablishedoneachofthecuts:fertilizer(N,P),topsoiladdition(5cmre-applied),beefcattlemanureaddition(75Mgha-1wetwt.),andcheck(noamendment).Thesitehasaccumulated27growingseasons(1990-2016inclusive)withwheatyielddatafrom26(2004beingfallowed).Inmanyoftheearlyyears,therewasacut×amendmentinteractiononwheatyield.Thisinteractionwaslargelyexplainedbythelackofacuteffectonplotsamendedwithmanure,comparedtotopsoiladdition,fertilizer,orchecktreatments.Withtime,however,significantcut×amendmentinteractionswerenolongerevident,butsignificantmaineffectsofcutandamendmentwerestillapparent.Forexample,in2015,therewasstillasignificantyieldadvantage(13%averagedacrossallcuts)frommanureappliedin1990.Averagedfor26growingseasons,theyieldlosswas45kgha-1cm-1erosionyr-1forthechecksub-treatment(noamendment).Amendmentsmitigatedlossesto39kgha-1cm-1yr-1(fertilizer),29kgha-1cm-1yr-1(topsoil),and22kgha-1cm-1yr-1(manure).TheLethbridgesimulatederosionstudycontinuestoprovideimportantinformationonsoilproductivityfollowingcatastrophicsoillossandthelongevityofone-timesoilamendments.Ourfindingshelpquantifysoilresiliencefollowingmajordisturbanceandlegacyeffectsofone-timemanureapplicationundersemiaridconditions.

52

EffectofrepeatedorganicmaterialadditionsonsoilqualityDrAnneBhogal1,DrFionaNicholson1,MrMattTaylor3,DrAlisonRollett1,MrJohnWilliams21RSKADAS,Mansfield,UK,2RSKADAS,Cambridge,UK,3AquaEnviro,Wakefield,UK


Thedevelopmentofsustainablenutrientmanagementandcirculareconomypoliciesreliesonthesafeutilisationoforganicmaterialsinagriculturalsystems.Farmersandlandmanagersrequireguidancetoensureorganicmaterialsareusedeffectivelywithoutdamagingsoilqualityortheenvironment.Thispaperevaluatestheeffectofrepeatedapplicationsofdigestate,compostandlivestockmanuresonsoilquality.Materials&MethodsAnetworkofsevenexperimentalsitesinvestigatedtheeffectsofannualapplicationsoveraminimumofthreeyearsofcompostandfood-baseddigestateincomparisonwithfarmyardmanure(FYM)andlivestockslurryonsoilquality.TwoofthesiteswereexistingexperimentalplatformswhichhadpreviouslybenefittedfromapplicationsofFYM,livestockslurryandgreencompostovera6-17yearperiodandallowedtheeffectsoflonger-termmanureapplicationsonsoilpropertiestobequantified.Results&DiscussionTheapplicationofallorganicmaterialsincreasedsoilnutrientsupply(totalN,extractableP,K,MgandS)withinashorttimescale(<3years),whereastopsoilorganicmatter(SOM)contentswereonlyincreasedfollowingthelong-term(9yearsormore)applicationofbulkyorganicmaterials(compostandFYM).IncreasesinSOMwereassociatedwithimprovementsinsoilbiological(microbialbiomassandearthwormnumbers)andphysicalproperties(reducedbulkdensity),althoughthelevelofimprovementappearedtobedependentonthequalityoftheorganicmaterialapplied(asdeterminedbyitslignincontent).Applicationofmaterialswithalowdrymattercontent(digestateandlivestockslurries)hadalimitedcapacitytoimprovesoilbiologicalandphysicalfunctioning,duetotheloworganicmatterloadingassociatedwiththesematerials.ConclusionTheresultsproviderobustevidenceofthesoilqualitybenefitsofrecyclingorganicmaterialstoagriculturalland,withthelevelofimprovementdependentonboththequantityandqualityoftheorganicmaterialapplied.Thefindingssupportthesustainableandconfidentuseofthesematerialsinagriculturalsystems.AcknowledgementThisworkwascommissionedbyWRAPandZeroWasteScotlandandfundedbyDefra,ScottishandWelshGovernment(www.wrap.org.uk/dc-agri)

53

Effectsonsoilchemicalandbiochemicalstatusfromrecyclingorganicwastestoagriculturalland:resultsfromafieldexperimentMsPaulaAlvarenga1,MsClarisseMourinha2,MsPatríciaPalma2,3,MrJoséDôres2,MrManuelPatanita2,MsJoanaSengo1,MsMarie-ChristineMorais1,MrTiagoNatal-da-Luz4,MrMathieuRenaud4,MrJoséPauloSousa41LEAF-InstitutoSuperiordeAgronomia,UniversidadedeLisboa,Portugal,Lisboa,Portugal,2DepartmentofAppliedSciencesandTechnologies,PolytechnicInstituteofBeja,Beja,Portugal,3CIMA-CentrodeInvestigaçãoMarinhaeAmbiental,FCT,UniversidadedoAlgarve,Faro,Portugal,4CFE-CentreforFunctionalEcology,DepartmentofLifeSciences,UniversityofCoimbra,Coimbra,Portugal,Coimbra,Portugal


Itisimportanttoevaluatetheimpactonsoilpropertiesfromrecyclingorganicwastestoagriculturalland.Thisstudyassessedtheeffectsofsewagesludge(SS),mixedmunicipalsolidwastecompost(MMSWC)andcompostproducedfromagriculturalwastes(AWC),appliedfortwoconsecutiveyears,onthechemicalandbiochemicalstatusofaVertisol,cultivatedwithLoliummultiflorumL.Afieldexperimentwassetupfortwoconsecutiveyears,withdifferentorganicwastes(SS,MMSWCandAWC),appliedat6,12and24tSSDMha-1,sownwithLoliummultiflorumL.(MMSWCandAWCapplicationrateswerecalculatedtodeliverthesameamountoforganicmatterperunitareaofsoil).Theeffectsonsoilagronomicalcharacteristics,traceelementscontent,andbiochemicalproperties(dehydrogenase(DHA)activity,potentialnitrificationandsomesoilexoenzymesrelatedtonutrientcycles),wereevaluated.Theamendmentshadabeneficialeffectonsoilpropertiesandonplantproductivityparameters.TheeffectsofSSapplicationweremorepronouncedforplantproductivity,whilethebeneficialeffectsonsoilpropertiesweremainlyobservedforbothcomposts,especiallyaftertwoyearsofapplication[1].Cadmium,Cr,Cu,Ni,PbandZnextractabilityby0.01MCaCl2remainedverylow(<0.5%oftheirtotalfraction),butCuandZntotalconcentrationsincreasedsignificantlyinthesecondyear,followingtheapplicationofthehigherrateofMMSWCandAWC,whileSSpromotedasignificantincreaseinthefoliarconcentrationsofCu,NiandZn[1].Asageneraltrend,DHAactivity,potentialnitrification,andtheactivitiesofβ-glucosidase,acid-phosphatase,cellulaseandproteaseincreasedinthesecondyearofthestudy,butSSnegativelyaffectedDHAactivityinthesecondyearofthestudy,especiallyforthehighestapplicationdoses.Itisadvisabletousemorestableandmatureorganicwastes,whichhavelongerlastingpositiveeffectsonsoilcharacteristics,andlimitannualapplicationdosesto6tha-1,toavoidnegativeeffectsontraceelementsaccumulation,bothinsoilandinplant,andnegativeeffectsonmicrobialactivities.ThisresearchwasfundedbytheProjectResorgriskPTDC/AAC-AMB/119273/2010,fromFCT,andthroughtheresearchunitUID/AGR/04129/2013(LEAF).[1]Alvarenga,P.,Palma,P.,Mourinha,C.,Farto,M.,Dôres,J.,Patanita,M.,Cunha-Queda,C.,Natal-da-Luz,T.,Renaud,M.,Sousa,J.P.(2017).Recyclingorganicwastestoagriculturallandasawaytoimproveitsquality:Afieldstudytoevaluatebenefitsandrisks.WasteManagement.Inpress.Availableat:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2017.01.004

54

MonitoringheavymetalaccumulationinSwissgrasslandsoilsMichaelMüller1,JuliaFranzen1,AndreasGubler1,RetoG.Meuli1,ArminKeller11SwissSoilMonitoringNetworkNABO,Agroscope,Reckenholzstrasse191/8046Zürich,Switzerland


Variousfertilizersandpesticidesareappliedtoagriculturalsoils.Bothcontainsmallquantitiesofcontaminants.Thegradualaccumulationofheavymetalsinsoilrepresentsathreatforsoilqualityandmayimpairsoilfunctions.Thisstudypresentsresultsof30yearsofsoilmonitoringforsitesusedasintensivegrasslandreceivinganimalmanureregularlyinthepast.TheSwissSoilMonitoringNetwork(NABO)wassetupinthemid-1980stodetectchangesofsoilqualityinthelong-term[1].Soilqualityisassessedat106monitoringsites,withdifferentlanduse,re-sampledeveryfiveyears.Inaddition,landmanagementisrecordedannuallyforagriculturallyexploitedsitesandfieldbalancesarecalculatedfornutrientsandpollutantsconsideringinputsthroughfertilizers,pesticides,anddepositionandoutputsbyharvest[2].Thepresentedresultsrefertotheperiod1985–2014.MostmonitoringsitesusedasintensivegrasslandrevealedsignificantaccumulationofCuandZnintopsoils[1]indicatingatemporaltrendthatmightimpairsoilfertilityinfuture.TheincreasesoftheseheavymetalspartlycorrelatedwithincreasesofPandKsoilconcentrationsandweremainlycausedbyanimalmanure.Wepresumethatnutrientinputs,particularlyPandK,becamemorebalancedaftertheintroductionofecologicalmeasuresinfertilizationinthemid-1990s.Fieldbalancesrevealedtheeffectofanimalmanurequality,manuretypeandamountsdisposedatthegrasslandsites.Atsomemonitoringsites,changesinfarmmanagementleadtoshiftsinnutrientandheavymetalbalances,whichinturnaffectedtheconcentrationsdetectedinsoils.Ingeneral,weobservedslowchangesinCuandZnconcentrationsforgrasslandsoils,whicharenotmeaningfulintheshort-term,butaresubstantialinthelong-term.CuandZncontentsforsomesitesincreasedconsiderably;thesesitestypicallylinkwithhighanimaldensityandpigbreeding.AsfeedadditivescontributealargepartoftheadditionalCuandZn,thesepracticesshouldbereconsidered.Monitoringcombinedwithfield-balancesissuitabletoassesssoilqualityovertime.[1].Gubler,A.etal.2015.ResultsoftheSwissSoilMonitoringNetwork(NABO)1985-2009.BAFUUmwelt-Zustand.1507,1-81.[2]DellaPerutaR.,A.Keller,R.Schulin.2014.Sensitivityanalysis,calibrationandvalidationofEPICformodellingsoilphosphorusdynamicsinSwissagro-ecosystems.EnvironmentalModelling&Software62,97-111.

55

Long-terminfluenceofsewagesludgeonthepresenceandabundanceofmobilegeneticelementsandantibioticresistancegenesinsoilJulenUrra1,Dr.IkerMartín1,Dr.LurEpelde1,Dr.AndersLanzén1,Dr.FernandoBlanco1,Dr.IkerMijangos1,Dr.CarlosGarbisu11Neiker,Derio,Spain


Background&ObjectivesSewagesludgehasfertilizingpropertiesforitsutilisationinagriculture.However,ithasbeenshowntobeapotentialhotspotforbacteriacarryingantibioticresistancegenes(ARGs)andmobilegeneticelements(MGEs).Weevaluatedtheinfluenceofthelong-termapplicationofsewagesludgeontheabundanceofARGsandMGEs,andonthesoilbacterialcommunitystructure.Materials&MethodsSoilsamplesweretakenfromalong-termfieldexperimentinwhichdifferentamountsandfrequenciesofsludgehavebeenappliedregularlyforthelast24years.Soilparametersprovidinginformationonthebiomass(microbialbiomassC,totalbacteriaandfungibyqPCR),activity(respiration,enzymaticactivity,nitrogenmineralization)anddiversity(16SrRNAampliconsequencing)ofmicrobialcommunitiesweredetermined.HighthroughputqPCRwasusedtoinvestigatetheabundanceanddynamicsofARGsandMGEsinsoil.Results&DiscussionTheapplicationofsewagesludgeledtosignificantlyhighervaluesofmicrobialactivity(alkalinephosphatase,β-glucosidaseandβ-glucosaminidaseenzymeactivities,soilbasalrespiration,andnitrogenmineralization).TheabundanceofARGswasalsoincreasedinorganictreatments,aswellasthatofMGEs,suggestingthepossibilityofdisseminationofARGsthroughhorizontalgenetransfer.Microbialbiomassandprokaryoticgeneticdiversitywere,ingeneral,notstatisticallyaffectedbytheadditionofsewagesludge.Furthermore,agreatvariationinbacterialcommunitycompositionbetweentreatmentswasnotobserved.Abiggervariation,though,wasobservedineukaryoticcommunities,drivenbyasignificanteffectoftheadditionofsludge.SewagesludgeappearstofavourthedisseminationofARGsinsoilsduetoenhancedhorizontalgenetransfer,probablyowingtoselectivepressurederivedfromtheco-exposuretoheavymetalsandantibiotics.

56

Survivalofpathogensandindicatororganismsduringstorageofdigestedresiduesfollowingpre-orpost-hygienizationJosefineElving1,AnnAlbihn11DepartmentofChemistry,EnvironmentandFeedHygiene,NationalVeterinaryInstitute,Uppsala,Sweden


Increasedinterestinsubstitutingpre-hygienizationwithpost-hygienizationinbiogasplantshasoncemoredrawnattentiontotheconcernofbacterialgrowthinmaterialsthatarevirtuallyfreeofcompetingmicrobiota.Thepresentstudyaimstocomparesurvivalandregrowthofbacteriainpre-andpost-hygienizeddigestate.SurvivalofSalmonellaTyphimurium,Enterococcussppandthermotolerantcoliformswasmonitoredbyanalysisofviablebacteriainpre-andpost-hygienizeddigestate(1hat70°C)fromtwobiogasplantsusingsimilaringoingsubstrates.Toevaluatetheeffectoftemperatureonsurvivalduringstorage,sampleswereincubatedatthreedifferenttemperatures(5,15and25°C)duringatimeperiodof6months.Theexperimentwasrepeatedthreetimeswithnewmaterialcollectedfromthetwoplantsateachoccasion.Duringthefirstweekofstorageagrowthtrendwasobservedinpost-hygienizeddigestatewhilenogrowthwasobservedinpre-hygienizeddigestate.Theobservedgrowthpatternsinpost-hygienizeddigestatedifferedbetweentemperaturesandorganismgroups.Growthofthermotolerantcoliformscouldbeobservedat25°C,andofEnterococcusspp.at15and25°C.NogrowthofS.Typhimuriumcouldbeobservedatanyofthetemperatures.FollowingthefirstmonthofstorageadeclineinconcentrationsofbothS.Typhimuriumandthermotolerantcoliformscouldbeobservedindependentofmaterialandstoragetemperature.Theresultsshowthatevenifregrowthmayoccurinapost-hygienizeddigestatethisisnotalwaysthecase,anditispossiblethattheregrowthisnotonlyinfluencedbytemperaturebutalsobyfactorssuchaspHandammoniaconcentrations.Thestudyshowsthatpost-hygienizationtendstoincreasetheregrowth-potentialofbacteriaduringthefirstweekofstorage.Eventhoughregrowthdoesnotalwaysoccurinapost-hygienizeddigestatetheresultsemphasizetheincreasedimportanceofensuringthatrecontaminationdoesnotoccurwhensubstitutingpre-hygienizationwithpost-hygienizationinbiogasplants.ThepresentstudyhasbeenperformedwithintheBONUSPROMISEproject(PhosphorusRecyclingofMixedSubstances).

57

SurvivalofenterovirusesinmesophilicanaerobicdigestersAgatheAuer1,NathanVandeBurgt1,StephenNolan2,FionaBrennan2,AnnettaZintl11UniversityCollegeDublin,Belfield4,Dublin,Ireland,,,2NationalUniversityofIrelandGalway,UniversityRoad,Galway,Ireland,,


Recently,asmallnumberofmesophilicanaerobicdigesters(AD)havebeguntoprocessagriculturalwastewithinIreland,generatingenergywhilereducingtheamountofwaste.SinceADresidueisappliedtofarmlandasfertiliser,weinvestigatedtheprevalenceofentrovirusesinIrishADplantsandtheirsurvivalinlabscaleADreactors.AsurveyoftargetpathogensbynestedPCR,includingenterovirusessuchasnoro-,astro-androtavirus,wasconductedthroughoutoneyearonfivecurrentlyoperatingIrishADplantsthatuseagriculturalwasteandsewagesludgeasinputmaterial.Toassesstheviabilityoftargetpathogens,wechosefelinecalicivirus(FCV)asasurrogatefornorovirusandspikedFCVintolabscaleADreactors.FCVwasmonitoredover4weeksandviabilitywasassessedbyaPMA-qPCRassay.DuringthesurveyofIrishADplants,astroviruswasonlydetectableaftertheADprocessintheabsenceofapasteurisationstep.Noastrovirusgenomicmaterialwasfoundafterpasteurisation.Noro-androtaviruseswerenotdetectedinanyofthematerialsexaminedduringthesurvey.ReductioninviableFCVwasobservedwhenFCVwasspikedintoalabscaleADreactor,whereaspasteurisationfurtherreducedtheviabilityandprevelanceofFCV.Overall,ourresultssuggestthatimplementationofmesophilicADthatlastsmorethan2weeks,wouldincreasethesafetyoflandspreadagriculturalwastebyreducingpathogenpresenceandviability.

58

EffectsofLong-termNutrientFertilizationonRootDecompositioninanAgriculturalGrassland.MrDavidFlynn1,2,Dr.DarioFornara1,Dr.TancrediCaruso21Agri-food&BiosciencesInstitute,NewforgeLane,Belfast,NorthernIreland,2QueensUniversityBelfast,MedicalBiologyCentre,Belfast,NorthernIreland


Agriculturalgrasslandsreceivelargeamountsoforganicandinorganicnutrientfertilizers,whichcangreatlyaffectdecompositionprocessesinsoils.Hereweusealong-termgrasslandexperimentestablishedin1970atHillsborough,NorthernIrelandtoaddresshowthechronicadditionofanimalslurriesandinorganicfertilizers(i.e.NPK)mightinfluencerootmassdecomposition.Wecollectedplantrootsamplesfromeachof48experimentalplotsbetween0-20cmsoildepth.Rootsweredried,placedindecompositionbagsandburiedinthesameplotswheretheywerecollected.Wealsoburied'control'grassrootsobtainedfromadifferentAFBIsiteatCrossnacreevy.AllbagswereburiedinOctober2015andretrieved9monthslaterinJuly2016.Theweightofeachrootsampleafterburialwasmeasuredandcomparedtoitsoriginalweight.Therewasasignificantvariationintheamountofrootmasslostacrossthedifferentnutrienttreatments.Thehighestpercentageofrootmasslossforboth'native'and'control'rootswasfoundinplotswhichreceivedthehighestadditionsoforganicpigandcowslurries.Therewasadirectcorrelationbetweenthevolumeoforganicslurryappliedandrootdecomposition.Percentagerootlossdecreasedinplotscontaininglowerlevelsofslurryaddition.Thelowestlevelofrootdecompositionwasseeninthecontrolplotswhichhavereceivednonutrientsfor47years.TherewasalsoalowerlevelofrootmasslostinplotscontaininginorganicNPKfertiliser.Thesetrendswereconfirmedforboth‘native’and‘control’rootbags.Ingeneral,‘control’bagsshowedlowerrootmasslosseswhencomparedwith‘native’bags.Rootdecompositionispositivelyrelatedtotheamountofanimalslurryaddedtosoils.Thiscouldresultfromafasternutrientcyclingoccurringinplotsreceivingslurryapplications,whichpromotebacteria-dominatedmicrobialcommunities.Thus,chronicslurryadditionsmayspeeduprootdecompositionprocesseswithimportantimplicationsforcarbonsequestration.ThisresearchwasfundedbyDAERA.AspecialthankstoElizabeth-AnneWassonandElizabethMulliganfortheirassistancewithfieldwork.

59

Chemicalandecotoxicologicaleffectsoftheuseofdrinking-watertreatmentresidualsfortheremediationofsoilsdegradedbyminingactivitiesMsPaulaAlvarenga1,MsCláudiaFerreira2,MsClarisseMourinha2,MsPatríciaPalma2,31LEAF-InstitutoSuperiordeAgronomia,UniversidadedeLisboa,Lisboa,Portugal,2DepartmentofAppliedSciencesandTechnologies,PolytechnicInstituteofBeja,Beja,Portugal,3CIMA-CentrodeInvestigaçãoMarinhaeAmbiental,FCT,UniversidadedoAlgarve,Faro,Portugal


Soilsfromabandonedmines,highlyacidicandcontaminatedwithmetal(loid)s,canberemediatedbyphytostabilization.Thestudyaimwastoevaluatetheuseofdrinking-watertreatmentresiduals(DWTR)intheamendmentofasoilaffectedbyminingactivities(Aljustrelmine,IberianPyriteBelt),evaluatingtheeffectsonsoils’chemicalandecotoxicologicalproperties,andintheestablishmentofaplantcover.Anassisted-phytostabilizationexperimentwasoutlined,usingAgrostistenuisandDWTR,48,96,and144tDMha-1,withandwithoutlime,11tha-1CaCO3.TheeffectsoftheDWTRonthesoilwereassessedbymeasuring:soilpH(H2O),electricalconductivity(EC),organicmatter(OM),Kjeldahlnitrogen,availablePandK,totaltraceelements(Cu,PbandZn;aqua-regiadigestion),andextractabletraceelements(Cu,PbandZn;extractedby0.01MCaCl2),lethalandsub-lethalecotoxicityendpoints.TheamendmentsledtoasignificantincreaseinsoilpH(from3.3to6.3),especiallywiththesimultaneousapplicationoflime,withoutanincreaseinsoilsalinity.ThehighestdoseofDWTRcausedathree-foldincreaseinsoilOMcontent,whileNKjeldahlcontentdoubledwiththesameapplicationrateofsludge.TotalCu,PbandZnconcentrationsdidnotincrease,becauseoftheamendmentsapplication,whereasasignificantdecreaseintheCuandZnextractablecontentwasobserved,whileextractablePbremainedlow(<1.67mg/kg).Copper,PbandZnconcentrationsintheplantmaterialwerelowerthanthemaximumtolerablelevelforcattlefromtheNationalResearchCouncil[1],whichcouldbeusedasanindicatorofriskofentryofthosemetalsintothehumanfoodchain.Ingeneral,thebioassaysevidencedadecreaseinsoilecotoxicitywiththepresenceoflimeandDWTR(144tDMha-1).TheapplicationofDWTR,withlime,toaminecontaminatedsoilallowedaplantcoverwithAgrostistenuis.BothPandKextractableconcentrationswerestillverylow,indicatingtheneedformineralfertilization.Theapplicationof144tDMha-1ofDWTR,withlime,inducedthebestecologicalbalance.ThisresearchwasfundedbyLifeNoWaste-LIFE14ENV/PT/000369,andthroughtheresearchunitUID/AGR/04129/2013(LEAF).[1]NationalResearchCouncil.2005.MineralToleranceofAnimals.2ndrevisedEd.Washington(DC),NationalAcademicPress.

60

ApplicationofanearlymonitoringtooltoassesstheeffectsonsoilmicrobialbiomassoforganicfertilizersandsoilconditionersindifferentsoilsDanielaBona1,StefanoAntognoni1,2,FlavioFornasier3,ClaudioMondini3,SilviaSilvestri11FondazioneEdmundMach,SanMichelea/A(Trento),Italy,2UniversityofTrento,Trento,Italy,3CREA-ConsiglioperlaRicercainAgricolturael’analisidell’EconomiaAgraria,Gorizia,Italy


Theimpactonsoilmicrobialbiomassofstrippeddigestate(SD)[1],digestate(D),andmanure(M)comparedtocompost(CO),“matured”manure(MM)andbiocharaddition(B)[2]ispoorlyunderstood.Theaimisthetestofanearlytooltomonitorthemicrobialresponsesofdifferentkindofsoilsafterapplicationofsoilconditionersororganicfertilizers.Mesocosmswasthechosenapproachtodeterminesoilmicrobialbiomassandactivity.Theorganicfertilizerswereaddedatdifferentnitrogenagronomicdoses:340and170kgNha-1inarablesoils(S1,S3)and85kgNha-1invineyardsoil(S2).Chemicalproperties(C,N,P,NO2extracts),soilmicrobialbiomassindex(dsDNA)[2]and9differentenzymesofC-,N-,P-,S-cycleweremeasuredafter2,7,14,30days.Emissions(CO2,N2O)weredeterminedthroughrespirometry.Theadoptedmethodologyissuitabletoidentifyspecificresponsesofsoilbiomass.AsregardthevaluesofC-N-Pextractstheyweresimilarinthethreesoilsaswellastheirtrend.InS1andS3,nitrogenvaluesofDwerehigherthaneachothertreatmentatbothdoses(60.41-79.34µg/g).D,SDandMcausedhigherN2Oemissions(SDis1.02µg/g).MsamplehadthehighestCO2emissions(387.39µg/g),whileD,SDvalueswereverysimilartoCandMM.After30daysdsDNAvaluesdifferedduetothekindofsoil:62.3(S1),23.6(S2)and9.13(S3)µg/g.Theenzymeactivitiesshowedthesametrend.InsoilwithhigherdsDNAvalues(S1),bothsoilmicrobialindexandenzymesactivitiesdecreased.TheadditionoforganicfertilizerandBdeterminedthedecreaseofN2Oemissionsandtheincreaseofphosphataseactivities.Toprotectandpreservethesoilecosystemanditsfertility,itisimportanttoknowtheeffectsonmicrobialbiomassofdifferentorganicfertilizersandsoilconditioners.Thechosenmethodologyisaveryearlytooltomonitorandtodefineaspecificresponsepatternforeachtreatment.Project“Biogasinareealpine”,fundedbyProvinciadiBolzano(ProvincialLaw14/2006)incooperationwithConsorzioAlpibiogas[1]Drosg,B,Fuchs,W,AlSeadi,T,Madsen,M,Linke,B,2015.ISBN978-1-910154-16-8[2]Prendergast-Miller,M,Duvall,M,Sohi,SP,2011.SoilbiologyandBiochemistry,43,2243-2246[3]Fornasier,F,Ascher,J,Ceccherini,MT,Tomat,E,Pietramellara,G,2014.EcologicalIndicators,45,75–82

61

ThefateofthenitrogenleachedfromtheheapsoffarmyardmanureintothesoilMrPavelSvoboda1,MrPavelSvoboda1,MrJanKlír1,Dr.GabrielaMühlbachová1,MrJanKlír1,Dr.GabrielaMühlbachová11CropResearchInstitute,Praha,CzechRepublic,1CropResearchInstitute,,


Storingoffarmyardmanureonagriculturallandposesacertainriskforgroundwaterpollution.Theaimofthispaperwastodeterminetheriskofnitrateleachingintodeepersoillayersandtosetappropriatemeasurestoreducethisrisk[1].Thesoilsamplingwascarriedouton65disposalsites(annuallrainfall660mm)ofcattlefarmyardmanure.Theplacesaftermanureremovalandcontrolplotswerechosenforsampling.Thesoilwassampledupto120cmdepthinlayersthick30cm.Soilsamplingwasconductedshortlyaftermanureremovalandinthenext3years,approximatelyin1yearintervals.Thesoilmineralnitrogen(Nmin)wasdeterminedbycolorimetricmethod.Shortlyafterthemanureremovalfromfielddisposalsites,thesoilnitrogencontentwas7.5timeshigherincomparisonwithcontrol.Nitrogenwasconcentratedintheupper30cmlayerofsoil(about70-85%)andconsistedmainlyofammoniumion.SchultheisandDohler[2]obtainedsimilarresults.Oneyearafterthemanureremovalthenitrogenshiftedintothedeeperlayersofthesoilprofile.Morethan60%ofnitrogenwasformedbymoveablenitrateion.Twoyearsafterthemanureremoval,thetotalamountofmineralnitrogeninthesoilprofilewasreducedby45%incomparisonwiththeinitialstate.However,relativelylargeamountofnitrogenremainedinthesubsoillayers.Threeyearsafterthemanureremoval,onlyslightlyhighernitrogencontentthroughoutthesoilprofilewasobserved.Thenitrogencontentwasonaverageonly1.3timeshighercomparedwiththecontrolsite.Theriskofnitrogenleachinggrewinproportiontotheinitialnitrogencontentinthetopsoilshortlyafterthemanureremoval.Thecriticalperiodfornitrogenpenetrationtothedeepersoilprofileoccurred1-2yearsafterthemanureremoval.Alsohydrologicalandbiogeochemicaltimelagscouldplayanimportantrole.ThisresearchwasfundedbyNationalAgencyforAgriculturalResearchofCzechRepublicNo.QJ1330214&MoAInstitutionalProjectRO0417[1]Svoboda,P.,Wollnerová,J.,Kozlovská,L.andKlír,J.2017.Themethodologyoftheproperwayofmanurestoringonagriculturalland(2.ed.).CropResearchInstitute,Prague(inCzech).[2]Schultheis,U.andDohler,H.2012.Landtechnik,67,133-135.

62

Verificationofgaseousemissionsfromlandappliedmanure–revisionoftheVERAtestprotocolInternationalInt.VERACommission2,Dr.SashaHafner2,Dr.ir.JanHuijsmans2,Dr.JulioMosqueraLosada2,Dr.TavsNyord2,Prof.SvenG.Sommer2,Dr.SebastianWulf2,Dr.ir.PeterDemeyer3,Dipl.Ing.IrisBeckert11InternationalVERASecretariat,Gross-Umstadt,Germany,2InternationalVERACommission,Denmark,,TheNetherlands,3GuestofinternationalVERACommission,Merelbeke,Belgium

G.ParallelSession2-SubTheme2-CropNutrition&SubTheme5-Adoption&Impact,OscarWilde,September4,2017,14:00-15:30

Themulti-nationalVERAprocessisatoolthatstandardizesverificationofagriculturaltechnologiesforenvironmentalefficiencyandoperationalstability.TheobjectivewastorevisetheVERAtestprotocolforgaseousemissionsfromlandapplicationoflivestockmanuretocontinuemeetingthechallengeofperformingvalidandcomparableemissionmeasurementsbyusinguniformandscientifictestprocedures.Thedevelopmentofthenewtestandverificationstandardwasbasedonresultsfrominternationalscientificstudiesaswellasonexpertknowledge.Adirectdialoguewithtechnicalexpertsfortherelevantissueswasinitiatedandsupported,asthisiscommonpracticeduringthecreationofinternationalstandards.Thecoordinationofthenewstandardwassupportedbytherelevantministries.TheresultsofrecentEuropeanresearchbothonvariousapplicationtechnologiesaswellasondifferentmeasurementtechniques,combinedwithagreementsbetweenspecialisedexperts,havebeensummarisedintermsofarevisioninthenewversionoftheVERAtestprotocolfor“landappliedmanure”.Therevisedstandardoffersnotonlytheintegrationofthelatestresearch,butalsothedefinitionofcommon“standardconditions”.Thewindtunnelmethodasanadditionalmeasurementtechniquewasevaluatedandcomparedtotheexistingmicrometeorologicalmassbalancetechnique.Primarily,thetestprotocolincludesacomprehensivedescriptionofthespecificmeasurementconditions.Inaddition,thecorrectprocessingandstatisticalevaluationofthedataispresentedanddiscussed.ThefinalversionoftheprotocolwillbemadeavailableforthepublicontheVERAwebsite,inautumn2017.Foundedonrecentstudiesandexpertexchanges,therevisionofthenewVERAtestprotocol,“landappliedmanure”,transformedthisstandardintothestate-of-the-artprocedure.ItwillfacilitateaccurateandtransparentverificationofatechnologyandhelpmanufacturerspreparetheirproductfortheEuropeanmarket.[1]VERA,2009.VERAtestprotocol“measurementofgaseousemissionsfromlandappliedmanure”Version1,retrievedFebruary17,2017,fromhttp://www.vera-verification.eu/fileadmin/download/Test_programs/Land_applied_manure.pdf

63

NMP-Online–AnutrientmanagementplanningsystemtosupportimprovedefficiencyandenvironmentaloutcomesfromorganicandchemicalfertiliserapplicationonIrishfarmsMrPatMurphy1,MrTimHyde2,MrMarkPlunkett11Teagasc,JohnstownCastle,Ireland,2Teagasc,Ballinasloe,Ireland


Irishagriculturefacessignificantchallengesinmanagingnutrients.Thekeychallengesaretoimprovesoilfertilitytofacilitategrowthofproductivityandoutput,whilereducingtheimpactonwaterqualityandreducingGaseousEmissions(GHGsandAmmonia).Theseobjectivescanonlybeachievedthroughimprovingnutrientmanagementatfarmlevel.NMPonlineaimstoimprovefarmers’performanceandregulatorycompliance.TeagaschasdevelopedNMP-OnlineasaNutrientManagementtoolkitforusebyallagriculturalprofessionalworkingwithfarmersinIreland.Itwasdevelopedinconsultationwithfarmersandprofessionalstomeetregulatoryrequirementswhileatthesametimeimprovingthenutrientmanagementatfarmlevel.Softwaredevelopmentwastenderedtoacommercialsoftwaredeveloper.Teagascestablishedasupportteamtorolloutandsupportthesystem.PrevioussystemswerepoorlyunderstoodbyfarmersandsincetheimplementationoftheNitratesandWaterFrameworkDirectiveregulationsoilfertilityhassteadilyfallen.NMP-Onlinehasbeenrolledoutto700usersandwillbeusedtopreparenutrientmanagementplansfor50%ofIrishfarmersinthenext18months.Ithasbeenacceptedasthetooltomeetstatutoryrequirementandthefocusisnowshiftingtoachievingbettermanagementofnutrientsatfarmlevel.Thekeytothisisthegraphicrepresentationofthesoilfertilitystatusofthefarmsandtheuseofmapstoreplacetabularrecommendationreports,asrequestedbyfarmers.Thesystemwillalsoprovideavaluablegeographicdatabasewhichwillsupportresearchparticularlyinrelationtodevelopingmorelocalisedandspecificnutrientadviceforfarmers.Italsoprovidesabasisforintegrationwithotherdatabasestoidentifyandmitigatepollutionrisks.NMPonlinehasbeenadoptedacrosstheindustryasatoolkitforimprovednutrientmanagementandhasthecapabilitytofacilitateimprovedagronomicandenvironmentaloutcomes.Supportandcollaborationfromacrosstheindustryhasbeenkeytoitsdevelopmentandwillbevitalforachievingitspotential.ThesystemhasbeenfundedbyTeagasc,andsupportedbyDAFM,farmers,Teagascadvisersandagriculturalconsultants

64

HandheldNIRmethodtodistinguishbetweenheatedandunheatedmanurefractionsDr.PietDerikx1,Dr.Ir.YannickWeesepoel1,Dr.Ir.AnnemiekePustjens11RIKILTWageningenUniversityandResearch,Wageningen,TheNetherlands


ThehighintensityoflivestockproductionintheNetherlandsgivesrisetoasurplusofminerals.Exportofmanurefractionsisstimulatedtoreducetheenvironmentalstress.Tominimizetheriskforspreadinganyanimaldiseasesacrossthenationalbordersaheattreatmentoftheexportedmanureisrequired.Themethoddescribedhereenablesinsituinspectionsoftransportedmanure.Samplesofsolidmanurewereobtainedfromcommercialpigandcattlefarmsfreshlyafterseparationeitherwithascrewpressoracentrifuge.Sampleswerecharacterizedbyconventionalanalysisondrymatter,nitrogen,phosphorusandpotassiumcontent.Eachsamplewasdividedintotwoportions.Onepartwasmeasuredasunheatedandtheotherwasheatedat70degreesCelsiusforonehourandmeasuredsimilarlyaftercooling.CommercialavailablehandheldNIRequipmentwasselectedbasedonpriceandperformance.TheobtainedNIRspectrafromheatedandunheatedmanurewerecomparedusingstatisticalmethodsbasedonPCA.Thespectralrangeshowingthelargestdifferencewasusedformodelcalculations.Fromtheserangesaclassificationmodelwasbuilttodistinguishbetweenheatedandunheatedmanure.Separatemodelswererequiredformanurefractionsobtainedfromcattleandpigslurries.Theperformanceofthemodelswastestedwithasecondsetofsamples.Inover80percentofthecasestestedtheresultofthemodelcoincidedwiththestatusofthesample.Nosignificantdifferencewasfoundintheperformanceofeithermodelaslongasthetypeofanimalwasprovidedtothemodelmanually.ThemethoddescribedherebasedonhandheldNIRequipmentprovedtobeapowerfultoolforaquickinsituscaninordertodistinguishbetweenheatedandunheatedmanure.Confirmationbybacterialcountsonlaboratoryscaleremainsneededaslongasnolegalbaseforthismethodisavailable.TheresearchwasfinancedbytheDutchMinistryofEconomicAffairs.

65

Anewmethodandintegratedapproachforsustainablemanagementofanimalmanureandslurryinalpineecosystems.SilviaSilvestri1,MrAngeloPecile1,MrFrancescoGubert1,MrLucaGrandi1,MrGregorioRigotti21FondazioneEdmundMach,SanMicheleall'Adige,ITALY,2ProvinciaAutonomadiTrento,Trento,ITALY


Alpineeconomythrivesontourismandanimalhusbandry.Dairycowsdietincludesthehayobtainedfrompermanentmeadows;themilkisprocessedintoPDOcheeses.Anaerobicdigestionrepresentsthesolutionforapropermanagementofanimalwastebutatailormadeuseofdigestateisnecessarytomaintainthemeadowsbiodiversity,afundamentalelementofalpineenvironmentandlandscape[1].ThedossiersofallthefarmsinvolvedintheADplantwerecollected.Biochemicalmethanepotential(BMP)aswellaschemicalparameterswereassessedonmanureandslurry.Dataweremanagedusingageographicinformationsystem(GIS).Thisapproachallowstheintegrationoftheoriginalsourceswithbothexistinglayers(slopemap,soilmap,restrictedareawherethespreadingoflivestockwasteisnotallowed)andnewinformativelayersdevelopedforthestudy(differentmacro-areasgrassland,botanical-management,typeofgrass).Morethan70%oftheconsideredmeadowshasaslope>10%statedasnationallimitforspreadinganimalslurryanddigestate.Themappingofmeadowsincludedbotanicalandmanagementcharacterizationonmorethan500haanditwasaimedatdividingtheminthreecategories:1)speciesrichmeadows:atfieldbotanicalandagronomiccharacterization;2)valleybottommeadows:characterizationbyaltitudeandslope;3)slopingmeadows:notin1&2.ThecriticalslopethresholdwasdeterminedusingtheRunoffCurveNumber,developedbytheUSDANaturalResourcesConservationServices[2]andusingthemethodproposedbyHawkinsetal.[3]forthecalculationoftheeffectiveprecipitation,fixingthethresholdslopeat40%.Thefinalstepisthedefinitionofsuitabilitymapsforeachfarmindicatingdosesandmodalitiesofusingdigestateinordertoavoidrunoffandleachingofnutrients.Themethodproposedpermitstothefarmsoperatinginalpinevalleystoplantheuseofdigestateonmeadowsupto40%ofslopeanduptothemaxdose40m3/hawithoutrunoff,withpositiveeffectsonthequalityofmeadows(biodiversity)andtheamountofforageproduced.AspecialthanktotheCooperativaBiodigestorePredazzo(Trento)[1]Scotton,M.,Sicher,L.,Kasal,A.2014.Agriculture,EcosystemsandEnvironment,197:243-254.[2]USDA-SCS1985.NationalEngineeringHandbook,Section4Hydrology.WashingtonD.C.[3]Hawkins,R.H.,Jiang,R.Woodward,D.E.,Hjelmfelt,A.T.,VanMullem,J.A.2002.ProceedingsoftheSecondFederalInteragencyHydrologicModelingConference,LasVegas,Nevada.

66

RelativecontributionofmanurephosphorousfractionstosolubleandplantavailablesoilphosphorousfollowingsimulatedlandapplicationDrRachaelCarolan1,DrGaryLyons1,DrJohnBailey11SustainableAgri-FoodSciencesDivision,Agri-FoodandBiosciencesInstitute,18aNewforgeLane,Belfast,BT95PX,NorthernIreland


Differinglevelsofphosphorous(P)nutritionresultinvaryingconcentrationsofPinmanure,whichislinkedtosoilPlossandplantavailabilityatlandapplication.ThisstudyassessestheimpactoffarmPsurplusonmanurePfractionsandconcentration;andmanurePfractionsandconcentrationonsolubleandplantavailablePinsoilsofdifferingPindex.Fortycattleslurrieswerecollectedfromdairyfarmsduringwinter2016/2017.SampleswillbeanalysedfortotalN,P,andK,andthensubjectedtoamodifiedHedleyproceduretodeterminePfractions.Samplesofsilageandconcentratecollectedon-farmwillbeanalysedfortotalN,PandKcontent.Manuresub-sampleswillbehomogenisedwithlowandhighPindexsoilsandincubatedat12⁰Cfor6and12weeks.AninorganicPfertilisertreatmentwillalsobeincluded.Postincubation,treatedsoilswillbeanalysedforCaCl2andwaterextractablePandOlsen-PtoindicatePrun-offpotentialandplantPavailabilityrespectively.MultivariateregressionanalysiswillthenbeusedtodeterminerelationshipsbetweenwholeyearandwinterfarmPsurpluses(andwinterdietaryPlevels)andmanurePfractionsofdifferingsolubility.TotalPconcentrationsandPfractionsareexpectedtovarybetweenmanuresofdifferingfarmPsurplusduetodifferentlevelsofconcentrateusage,subsequentlyleadingtodifferingconcentrationsoflabileP,andthereforePrun-offpotential,fromdifferentmanures.ResultswillbeanalysedtodetermineifspecificcombinationsofconcentratePrestrictionandslurry/digestateprocessingcanbeidentifiedforfarmswithdifferentPsurplusesandconcentrateusage,whichwouldpermitrecyclingofmanurestograsslandofhighPindex,whilstsimultaneouslyreducingconcentrationsoflabilePinsoil,withoutcompromisinggrassproduction.Resultswillbepresented,includingtheeffectofwholeyearandwinterPsurplusesandmanurePfractionsofdifferingsolubilityonsoilrun-offpotentialandplantPavailability,withaviewtoidentifyingstrategiesthatoptimisesoilPstatusonfarmswithdifferingPsurpluses,withoutcompromisinggrassproduction.

67

DevelopmentofamanuremanagementdecisionsupporttoolfordairyfarmersinArgentinaMrPabloCañada1,2,MsMaríaAlejandraHerrero3,MrSantiagoRafaeFariña4,MrRafaelAlejandroPalladino1,2,MrSantiagoMorin51AsociaciónArgentinadeConsorciosRegionalesdeExperimentaciónAgrícola(AACREA),UnidaddeI+D,CABA,,Argentina,2UniversidaddeBuenosAires,FacultaddeAgronomía,ProducciónAnimal,CABA,,Argentina,3UniversidaddeBuenosAires,FacultaddeCs.Veterinarias,ProducciónAnimal,CABA,,Argentina,4INIAUruguay,LaEstanzuela,,Uruguay,5AsesorCREAPostaEspinillos,RegiónCREASurdeSantaFé,Argentina


Argentinedairyfarmsarepredominantlypasture-based.Manurecanbecollectedatthemilkingfacilities,wherethecowsremainfewhoursperday.Applyingadequateandcost-effectivemanuremanagementsystemsisakeyaspectforthesustainabilityofdairyfarmers.TheobjectivewastodevelopandapplyaDecisionSupportTooltoevaluatetheeconomicimpactofdifferentmanuremanagementsystems.Thedecisionsupporttool(DST)wasconstructedbasedonempiricaldataandpresentedonaspreadsheetformat.Asetofdataarerequiredasinputs(animal,productionandfacilitycharacteristics,weatherrecords,volumeofdailywateruse,currentlagoondesignandsolidseparationmethods,etc.).TheDSThasastrongpostulation:allthegeneratedorganicwastesshouldbemanaged.DSTestimatesdailyexcretioninmassandnutrients[1]andtheamountofgreenwaterusedinwashingfacilities[2].Themainoutputsare:estimationoftotalslurryandmanurevolume,depreciationandoperationcostsofthetotalmanuremanagementsystem,nutrientcontributions(NandP)andfertilizerssaving.Thelagoontreatmentsectionhasthreeoptionsfordimensioning(manually,bystoragetimeoramodallocalmanuretreatmentusinguptothreelagoons).TheDSTincludesscenariossectionwherethefarmercansaveupto4casesforanalysis.Playingwiththescenariossection,handlinglagoonandsolidseparationtreatmentsoptionstheusercanfindthebestbenefitsforhisdairyfarm.ThetoolwasshowedinlocalworkshopsinthreeprovincesinArgentine.Approximatelyfiftypeoplebyevent,betweenfarmersandprofessionalswereusingit.ThefeedbackwasanopportunitytoimproveanddiagnosetheDSTwhichhasahighrateofadoptionandisfreetodownloadfromtheinternet(www.aacrea.org.ar/images/documentos/investigacion/Herramienta-Calculo-Efluentes-Beta.xlsm).UsingDSTfarmersandprofessionalscanapplyscienceresultsinapracticalway.Thescenariosallowuserstouseitinaprojectivemanneraswellastodiagnoseasystemthatisalreadyinprogress.Economicalresultsallowuserstoseebenefitsofselectedpracticesortechnologies.ThistoolwasdesignedinaManureManagementProjectincollaborativeworkingwithINTA,LaSerenisima,Danone,GEAandDeLaval.[1]Nennich,T.D.;Harrison,J.H.;VanWieringen,L.;Meyer,D.2005;PredictionofManureandNutrientExcretionfromDairyCattle.[2]Taverna,M.,Charlon,V.,Panigatti,C.,Castillo,A.,Serrano,P.,Giordano,J.2004;Manejodelosresiduosoriginadosenlasinstalacionesdeordeño.Ed.INTARafaela,Argentina,p.75.

68

Anintegratedmanagementofnitrogen:fromfarmtosoil.LIFE+projectFUTURAGRARIMrCarlosOrtiz1,MsAssumpcióAnton2,MsTeresaBaiges3,MrAugustBonmatí2,MrFrancescCamps4,MsTeresaCervera3,MrFrancescDomingo4,MrJoanParera11DARP,Lleida,Spain,2IRTA,CaldesdeMontbui,Spain,3CPF,SantaPerpètuadeMogoda,Spain,4FundacióMasBadia,LaTalladad'Empordà,Spain


CataloniaisamongtheEuropeanregionswithhighlivestockdensity,withassociatedpollutionissuesbecomingrelevant.Inadditionanimalproductionis,insomeareas,disconnectedfromthebaseland.TheLIFEprojectFuturAgrariaimstotransferknowledgetolivestockandcropfarmerstoimprovenutrientefficiencyonthreeaspects:farmmanagement,manureapplicationandnutrientrecovery.Theprojectfocusesinthreecomplementaryareastoimprovenutrientmanagementintheagriculturalsystem:1)intensivepigfarmshavebeensurveyed,monitoredandadvisedtoimprovewaterandfeedingmanagementandtheuseofsolid-liquidmechanicalseparators;2)softwaretools,soilanalysisandremotesensinghasbeenusedtoadvisethefertilizationofmorethan1100hectares;3)catchcrops,agroforestrysystemsandriparianbuffershavebeenimplantedtorecoversurplusnutrientsfromcerealcrops.Resultsrelatedtowatermanagementshowedrelevantdifferencesintheflowrateasaconsequenceofthetypeofnipple,thepressureandthewaterlinedesign.Accordingtofeedingessays,thereisneithervariationinthecarcassqualitynorintheperformanceindicatorswhenlowproteinandphosphorusdietsaregiven.Treatmentmonitoringshowedahighrangeofefficienciesbycomparingthetypeandmanagementofsolid-liquidseparationtreatments.AbigefforthasbeendonetoimprovethegoodagriculturalpracticesaccordingtoNmanagement.Thecomparisonbetweenplatforms(satellite,aircraftandUAV)hasalsobeenimplemented.RecentdatafromSentinel-2Ahasbeenincludedinthisapproach.Catchcropscapturednutrientsfromsoilandwerefurtherusedasco-substratesonanaerobicdigestionofslurry.3-yearmeasurementsweretakeninfourdemonstrativeplantations.LifeCycleAnalysishasbeenappliedtoassessthesecerealsystemswithnutrientsurpluses.Manureinagriculturalareasmustbemanagedfromaholisticpointofview,byintegratingasmanyactionsaswecaninallpartsofthechaintoimprovenutrientefficiencyanduse.Anintegratedmanagementshouldfocusintheopportunitiesthatcangeneratetoalltheimplicatedparts.FundedbytheEuropeanCommission.LIFEprojectFarmsforthefuture:innovationforsustainablemanuremanagementfromfarmtosoil(LIFE12ENV/ES/000647)

69

Effectoforganicfertilizersandsugarcanemulchmixtureondecompositionrate,CO2andN2OemissionsMr.VladislavKYULAVSKI1,4,5,Dr.LaurentTHURIES1,Dr.PatriciaGARNIER4,Dr.SylvieRECOUS3,Dr.AntonioBISPO5,Dr.Jean-MariePAILLAT21CIRAD,UPRRecyclageetRisque,Saint-Denis,France,2CIRAD,UPRRecyclageetRisque,Montpellier,France,3INRA-UniversitédeReims,UMRFARE,Reims,France,4INRA-AgroParisTech,UMREcoSys,Thiverval-Grignon,France,5ADEME,Angers,France


Usingorganicfertilizersassubstitutestomineralfertilizersispromotedinacirculareconomyprospective.Inthetropics,sugarcanecroppingisagoodcandidatefororganicfertilization.Littleisknownaboutgreenhousegas(GHG)emissionfromsoilsreceivingbothorganicfertilizersandsugarcanemulch.InteractionsbetweenorganicfertilizersandmulchwereinvestigatedintermsofdecompositionrateandGHGemissions.Mulchdecompositionrate(120days),carbondioxide(CO2)andnitrousoxide(N2O)emissionsweremeasuredonfield(from0to49daysafterfertilization),undertropicalconditions(Réunion,SouthWestIndianOcean)fromnitisolfertilizedwithliquidpigmanure(LP),solidsewagesludge(BA)andurea(U)at139,119,and170kgNha-1,respectively.Twoquantitiesofmulchweretested:10tDM.ha-1,forLP,BAandU;and5tDM.ha-1(0.5)forLPandUapplications.Mulchdrymatterlosswasproportionaltocarbonlossforalltreatments(R²>0.99).BAkineticswascharacterizedbyahigherrateofCloss(p-value<0.5)betweenthesecondandthefourthweekafterfertilization(0.13t.DM.ha-1.day-1),comparedtoU(0.06t.DM.ha-1.day-1)andLP(0.05t.DM.ha-1.day-1).Afterthefourthweek,ClossrateforBAalignedwithLPandUrates.Onday120,remainingCwas40%(BA),47.5%(LP)and48.5%(U).RelativeClossremainedunchangedbetween10tDM.ha-1(U,LP)and5tDM.ha-1(U0.5,LP0.5).WemeasuredsignificantincreaseinCO2emissionsbetweenLP(0.73kgC.ha-1.h-1)andBA(0.27kgC.ha-1.h-1),whileU(0.35kgC.ha-1.h-1)wasnotdifferentfromboth,BAandLP.LPemittedsignificantlymoreN2O(1.04gN.ha-1.h-1),thanU(0.54gN.ha-1.h-1)andBA(0.22gN.ha-1.h-1).MoremulchincreasedCO2emissionsbetweenUandU0.5,demonstratingtheeffectofthephysico-chemicalformoffertilizers.Thisstudytackles(i)therecyclingoforganicwasteatalocalscale,and(ii)thecompetitionforusesofbiomass.WedemonstratedthatsubstitutingureabyorganicNsources,andmulchquantity,mayaffectGHGemissionsandcarbonfootprintincoupledsystemsofNinput(mulchingandorganicfertilization).Thisstudywasco-fundedbyADEME,CIRADandINRAwiththetechnicalsupportofG.MOUSSARD,C.CHEVASSUS-ROSSET,P.LEGIER,M.MONTESandJ.IDMOND

70

TheeffectofdifferentorganicfertilizersongrainmaizeundercoolclimatePhDRenaldasŽydelis1,Dr.SigitasLazauskas111,2,Akademija,Lithuania


Pelletisedmanureprovidesfarmerswithatoolformoreconvenientmanagementandbetternutrientrecoveryincropproduction[1].Pelletisedorganicfertilizersreleasenitrogenslowly,thuscombiningthemwithmineralfertilizerscanbebeneficial[2].Theaimwastoinvestigatetheeffectofdifferentorganicfertilizersappliedindividuallyorincombinationwithammoniumnitratepriortomaizesowing.Fieldexperimentswithashort-seasongrainmaizevarietyAGIRAXX(FAO190)wereconductedin2015and2016atLithuanianResearchCentreforAgricultureandForestry.Thesoilissandyloam,pH-6,8,humus−1.8%.Pelletisedpoultryandcattlemanure,greenwastecompostwerespreadpriortomaizesowingatarateequivalentto170kgha-1ofNorcombinedwithammoniumnitrate(inamountsequivalentto80and90kgha-1ofNaccordingly).Calculationsusingthe“AquaCrop”model[3]suggestthatdroughtinAugust2015reducedmaizeproductivityby16%andresultedinlowerefficiencyoforganicfertilizers.Theeffectofpelletisedpoultrymanureongrainyieldwassignificantly(by0.69tha-1in2015andby1.26tha-1in2016)higherthanthatofcattlemanurebutsomewhatlowerthanthatofmineralNPKfertilizers.Theimpactofgreenwastecompostwasnegligible.Combinationoforganicandmineralfertilizersincreasedthegrainyieldby8-17%in2015andby11–19%in2016comparedwithorganicfertilizersalone.Inbothyears,theloweruptakeofNandlowercontentofnitrateinthesoilremainingafterharvestwasfoundintheplotsappliedwithgreenwastecompostandpelletedcattlemanure,whilehighervalueswererecordedintheplotsappliedwithmineralfertilizersandpoultrymanureplusammoniumnitrate.Themainfactorlimitingtheyieldofmaizegraininthenorthernclimateislowtemperatures.However,moistureregimeisalsoarelevantfactorformaizeproductivityandefficiencyoforganicfertilizers.Itislikelythattheeffectofpelletisedorganicfertilizersincreasedduetotheircombinationwithmineralfertilizers.[1]Flotats,X.,Bonmati,A.Palatsi,J.Foged,H.L.2013.Proceedingsofthe2ndinternationalConferenceofWASTE,587-592.[2]Riedel,E.W.2014.JournalofPlantNutrition,37,(37),2026-2035.[3]Steduto,P.,Hsiao,T.C.,Raes,D.,Fereres,E.,2009.AgronomyJournal101(3),448-459

71

BiogasdigestateasNPKfertilizerProfessorTrineSogn1,MrIvanDragicevic1,DrSusanneEich-Greatorex11NorwegianUniversityOfLifeSciences,Aas,Norway


Biogasproductionleavesorganicresidues,digestates,whicharerichinnutrients.Ifdigestatesareutilizedinplantproduction,nutrientswillberecycledandthesustainabilityofthebiogasproductionprocessimproves[1].TheimpactofwidelydifferentfeedstockforbiogasdigestatesontheirN,PandKfertilizervalues,aswellaspotentiallossesthroughleaching,isevaluated.Agreenhouseexperimentwithwheatwascarriedoutinthreedifferentsoils,usingdigestatesderivedfrombiogasreactorsrunningoncombinationsofmanure,wheypermeate,fishensilage,foodwasteandsewagesludge.Plantgrowthaswellasnutrientleachingintreatmentswithdigestateswerecomparedwithdataobtainedfromcontroltreatmentsusingmineralfertilizerorfreshmanure.Asupplementarysoilcolumnleachingexperimentwascarriedoutinthelaboratoryinordertostudynutrientleachingwithoutplants.TheammoniumconcentrationindigestatesprovidesagoodindicatoroftheNfertilizervalue.Inthesand,digestateapplicationreducednitrateleachingandincreasedyields.Thepositiveeffectmayberelatedtoanimprovedabilitytokeepplantnutrientswithintherootzoneatanearlystageofplantdevelopment. AlthoughmostdigestateshadratiosbetweenN,PandKthatwerenotoptimalforwheatgrowth,thevariationinPandKcontentseemedtobewithinarangesuitableforwheatproduction.TheriskofPleachingseemstobelow,evenataPinputthatisupto4timeshigherthanadequatemineralfertilization.Inthesand,Kinexcessofplantrequirementsleachedfromthesoil,intheloam,itassimilatedleadingtoasoilK-reservebuild-up,whileinthesilt,higherKavailabilitywasmetbyahigherbiomassproductionand/orsoilaccumulation.Overall,digestatesfrombiogasproductionbasedonfundamentallydifferentfeedstockarepromisingasfertilizers.TheNfertilizationcansimplybebasedonthedigestateammoniumconcentration,andatleastforwheat,considerablevariationintheconcentrationsofKandPcanbetolerated.FundingwasprovidedbyTheNorwegianResearchCouncil,projectgrantno203402/I10.[1]ArthursonV.2009.Energies2,226-242.

72

EffectofbiocharamendmentsongreenhousecropproductivityandonthenutrientandwateruseefficiencyVickyLévesque1,3,HaniAntoun1,MartineDorais1,ZiadiNoura21Centrederechercheeninnovationsurlesvégétaux,UniversitéLavalQuebecCity,QC,Canada,QuebecCity,Canada,2QuebecResearchandDevelopmentCentre,AgricultureandAgri-FoodCanada,QuebecCity,Canada,3Correspondingauthor(emailaddress:[email protected]).,,


Biochar,acarbon-richmaterial,hasseveraladvantagesandisapromisingavenueforsustainableagriculture.However,itsbeneficialutilizationinhorticultureisnotwellknown.Theobjectivesofthisstudyweretoevaluatetheeffectofbiocharamendmentsinapeat-basedgrowingmediumonitsabilitytoimprovecropproductivityandthenutrientandwateruseefficiencyofgreenhousetomatoandpepper.Greenhouseexperimentswereconductedusingtomato(Solanumlycopersicumcv.Micro-Tom)andpepper(Capsicumannuumcv.Redskin)grownin6-Lpotsfor63days.Threebiochars(maplebarkproducedat550˚Cand700˚Candpinechipsproducedat700˚C)appliedatfourrates(0,5,10,15%byvolume)inapeat-basedgrowingmediumandcombinedwithtwofertilizationlevels(50%-lowand100%-complete)werecompared.Thedaily-irrigationvolumewasmeasuredandplantbiomasswasharvestedattheendofeachexperiment.Theresultsshowedthatthebiocharamendment,underreducedfertilizationlevel(50%),significantlyincreasedtheyieldoftomatoandpeppercrops;thiswasparticularlyobviousforthemaplebarkbiocharproducedat700˚C.Forbothcrops,aboveground-biomassandfruityield(dryweight)fromplantsgrowninapeat-basedgrowingmediumamendedwithbiocharandfertilizedat50%weresimilarorhigherthanthosefromcontrolplants(0%biochar)fertilizedat100%.Moreover,thenutrientandwateruseefficiencywerehigherwithbiocharadditioninbothcropsreceivingonly50%ofthecompletefertilizationthanthosesuppliedat100%.Theincreaseofbiocharrates(5to15%)didnotaffecttheyieldsofbothcrops.Ourresultssuggestthatbiocharpropertiessuchasthehighalkalinity,porosityandwaterretentionhavepositivelycontributedtoimprovethetomatoandpeppergrowth,andtherebyincreasedtheiryieldandnutrientandwateruseefficiency.Resultsshowedthatbiocharadditioncanpromotegrowthandyieldoftomatoandpepperplantswithareduceduseoffertilizerandwater,whilecontributingtosustainableagriculture.Thereby,theadditionofonly5%ofbiocharinagrowingmediumcancontributesubstantiallytoimprovecropperformanceofgreenhousevegetables.

73

NitrateandammoniumdynamicinsoilsolutionafterapplyinganimalmanureinawheatgreenhouseexperimentMartaAranguren1,MikelOjinaga1,AnderCastellón1,DrAnaAizpurua11NEIKER-tecnalia,Derio,Spain


Background&ObjectivesInterestinrecyclinganimalmanureforplantnutritionhasincreasedinrecentyears.Therefore,in-depthknowledgeofmineralizationisnecessaryforgoodmanagementoffertilization.TheobjectiveistoevaluatethedifferentNmineralizationpatternswhencattlemanure(CM),dairyslurry(DS)andpoultrymanure(PM)areappliedasfertilizersanditseffectsonaTriticumaestivumcropyield.Materials&MethodsApotexperimentwascarriedoutinagreenhousewheretwototalNrates(170and340kgNha-¹)weretestedwiththreemanures;CM,DSandPM.NH₄+-N/Ntot(%)was0.04,0.6and0.4,respectively.Manuresweremixedwithsoilatthebeginningoftheexperimentandwheatwassown.Itwasatwo-factorrandomizedcompleteblockdesign.Soilsolutionsamplesweretaken(RhizonFlex,Rhizosphere)22timesfromsowingtoharvesttoanalysenitrateandammonium.Yieldswererecordedatmaturity.Results&DiscussionRegardingammoniumvalues,inthefirstweekinbothdoses,DShadthehighestconcentrationinsoilsolutionanddecreasedbythethirdweek.PMvaluesincreasedfromthefirstweekuntilthethirdweek,andthenremainedlow.CMammoniumconcentrationwaslowduringthewholeexperiment.Asammoniumdecreased,nitratestartedincreasingandthePMtreatmentachievedthemaximumvaluesinbothdoses.Onthecontrary,CMobtainedthelowestnitrateconcentrations.ThenitrateconcentrationstarteddecreasinglaterinPMwhencomparedtoDSandCMtreatments.IntreatmentPM340kgNha-¹,moreNO₃-remainedforplantsaftertillering(700mgL-¹)thanin170kgNha-1treatment(200mgL-¹).Otherauthors[1,2]sawthatNmineralizedfromCMwaslowerthanfromPM.PMhadthehighestwheatyieldinbothrates,probablycausedbythehighernitrateavailabilityattillering.ConclusionSincemineralizationofanimalmanuredifferedsignificantly,Nfertilizationrecommendationsshouldbemanurespecificforgoodnutrientmanagement.Thus,whenPMmanureisappliedthemineralNadvisedshouldbereducedcomparedtoCMandDSbasaldressings.ThisworkhasbeenfinanciallysupportedbyINIA(SpanishGovernment)andtheDepartmentofEconomicDevelopmentandCompetitiveness(BasqueGovernment).References[1]Delin,S.andEngström,L.2010.Soil&PlantScience60:1,78-88[2]Li,L.-l.andLi,S.-T.2014.J.Integr.Agric.13,2040-2048

74

EffectofphosphorusfractionationinsludgeonPdynamicsinagroecosystemMrEtienneMichel1,DrDavidHOUBEN1,PrHansLAMBERS2,DrEllenKANDELER3,DrMichel-PierreFAUCON1

1InstitutPolytechniqueLaSalleBeauvais,HydrISEUnit,Beauvais,France,2SchoolofPlantBiologyandInstituteofAgriculture,TheUniversityofWesternAustralia,StirlingHighway,Crawley(Perth),Australia,3InstituteofSoilScienceandLandEvaluation,SoilBiology,UniversityofHohenheim,Stuttgart,Germany


Theuseofsewagesludge(SS)asasubstituteofmineralphosphorus(P)fertilizerisincreasinglysuggestedbuttheeffectoftheirchemicalpropertiesonPdynamicsinsoilhasbeenpoorlyinvestigatedsofar(Fauconetal.,2015).Here,weaimatgaininginsightintotheimpactofPfractionationinsludgeonPfractionationandavailabilityinsoil.AfieldexperimentgrowingwinterbarleywasconductedinBeauvais(northofFrance).Fivetreatmentswereapplied:twoSS(HS:thermallytreated,CS:compostedsludge)withcontrastedinorganicPfractionation(García-Albaceteetal.,2012),twomineralfertiliser(sametotalPassludge)andano-Pcontrol.SoilsampleswereregularlycollectedforthecharacterizationofPfractionation(Hedleyprocedure),microbialPandalkalinephosphataseactivity.ShootPconcentrationaswellasbiomass,yieldandthousandkernelweightwerealsodetermined.PhosphorusfractionationinsludgewasfoundtodeeplyaffectPpoolsinsoil.HSstronglyincreasedthePpoolsorbedtoAlandFeoxy/hydroxidesduetoitshighNonApatiteInorganicPcontentresultingfromthepre-treatmentofwastewaterbyFeCl3.Moreover,sludgeapplicationwiththehighestorganicPpoolstronglyincreasedthemicrobial-Ppool,suggestingthatmicrobespreferentiallyaccessedorganicP,ratherthaninorganicP.HSalsoenhancedtheactivityofalkalinephosphatasewhichwasattributedtoitshighhydrolysableorganic-Pcontent.OurresultsalsoindicatedthatmineralisationofP-compoundsanddissolutionofPwerethepredominantmechanismsresponsiblefortheincreaseinavailablePovertime.Temporaltrendsinavailable-PconcentrationshowedthatonlyHSsignificantlyincreasedcomparedtothenoPcontrolandprovidedthesameconcentrationasthemineralPfertilisercontrolafter240daysTheeffectofSSonsoilPpoolwasinfluencedbyPfractionationinSS.SludgewithhighNAIPandorganicfractionincreasedphosphorusavailabilitythroughhigherdissolutionandmineralisation,andcanthusimprovesustainablePfertilisationThisresearchwasfundedbySIAAPSeineAVAL,TheauthorthanksPhilippeJACOLOTandSabineRUDOLPHfortheirtechnicalassistance.Faucon,M.-P.,Houben,D.,Reynoird,J.-P.,Mercadal-Dulaurent,A.-M.,Armand,R.,Lambers,H.,2015.AdvancesandPerspectivestoImprovethePhosphorusAvailabilityinCroppingSystemsforAgroecologicalPhosphorusManagement,in:AdvancesinAgronomy.Elsevier,pp.51–79.García-Albacete,M.,Martín,A.,Cartagena,M.C.,2012.Fractionationofphosphorusbiowastes:Characterisationandenvironmentalrisk.WasteManag.32,1061–1068.

75

Seasonalassessmentofmajorandmicronutrientscontentindairyprocessingsludge:whatpotentialforagriculturalre-use?Dr.S.M.Ashekuzzaman1,Dr.PatrickForrestal1,Dr.KarlRichards1,Dr.OwenFenton11Teagasc,EnvironmentalResearchCentre,JohnstownCastle,,Ireland


Increasedworldwidedemandfordairyproductscreatesacorrespondingdairyprocessingsludge(DPS)by-productmanagementchallenge,whichhasassociatedenvironmentalregulation.Sustainablerecyclingofthesewastestolandprovidesforacirculareconomyandshouldprovidethefarmerwithanorganicfertiliserproduct.TheobjectiveofthecurrentstudywastoelucidatethemajorandmicronutrientscontentofDPS.Seasonal(n=3)DPSsamples(predominantlytwotypes:mixedsludgeafterbio-chemicaltreatmentprocessandlimetreatedsludgeafterdissolvedairfloatation(DAF)process)werecollectedfrom5dairyprocessingplantsacrossIreland.Sampleswereanalysedforphysicochemicalparameters(e.g.solidandorganicmatter,nutrients,heavymetalsandotherelementalcomposition)followingstandardsamplepreparation(homogenization,freezedryingandgrindinginmixermill).TheanalyticalmethodsusedwereICP-OES,spectrophotometricmeasurementsbyAquakem600DiscreteAnalyser,andLECOTruSpecCNanalyser.Resultsshowedthatthevaluesofdrymatter(DM,in%wt.)andtotalcontentofnutrients(kg/tonneDM)wereintherangeofDM=9.4–19.7,N=37–65,P=18–61,K=3.5–13.6formixedsludge(n=11)andDM=19–30,N=9.1–48.7,P=15–82,K=1.2–6.1forDAFsludge(n=5),respectively.Thevariationofvaluesforthesenutrientsandotherelementalcompositionweremorecontrastingacrossdifferentplantsandsludgetypesthanthoseacrossseasonalsamples.ThelevelsofN,PandKinDPSaregenerallyhigherthanthosetypicallyobservedwithotherbio-wasteresources[1](e.g.cattleslurry,biosolids).Moreover,heavymetallevelsinDPSaresignificantlylowerthanthoseregulatedbytheEuropeanUnioninagriculturallandduetosludgerecycling[2].Theseresultssuggestthepotentialforagri-recyclingofDPSasorganicfertiliser.Therefore,thereisaneedtoevaluatetheirfertiliserreplacementvalue(FRV)whenappliedtograssland.TheresultsindicatethatDPScontainshighlevelsofnutrients,particularlyP.Thenextstepistodeterminehowthesenutrientscansustainablyreplacechemicalfertiliseruseforsoilfertilisationandagronomicuptake.FollowonstudieswillelucidateDPSFRVandenvironmentallossofnutrientsfollowingDPSapplication.ThisworkhasbeensupportedbyEnterpriseIrelandunderDairyProcessingTechnologyCentre(DPTC)programme.GrantAgreementNumberTC20140016.[1]Wall,D.P.andPlunkett,M.(Eds.).2016.Majorandmicronutrientadviceforproductiveagriculturalcrops.JohnstownCastle,Wexford:Teagasc,EnvironmentResearchCentre.[2]EC,(2001).Disposalandrecyclingroutesforsewagesludge.Part2-RegulatoryReport,EuropeanCommission.

76

OptimisingManureManagementinIreland

Lanigan,G.J.1,Burchill,W.1,Fenton,O.1,Healy,M.2Kavanagh,I.Forrestal,P.J.1Krol,D.J.1&Richards,K.G.11Environment,Soils&Land-Use,Teagasc,JohnstownCastle,Wexford,Ireland2SchoolofCivilEngineering,NUIGalway,IrelandCorrespondingauthor:[email protected]

H.Plenary2Sub-Theme4-Soil&WaterQualityBackground&Objectives

Thestorageandlandspreadingofmanuresaccountsfor15%ofgreenhousegasemissions,thevastmajorityofammoniaemissionsandisakeysourceofnitrateandphosphorusinwaterbodies.Appropriatemanagementofanimalmanureisthereforeakeyelementforachievingclimateandairqualitytargetsaswellasmaintaininggoodwaterstatus.ThisishighlightedbythefactthatFoodwise2025,whichhassetambitioustargetsforprimaryproductionwillinevitablyresultinincreasedmanureproductionasdairyproductionincreases.Wedescribeabatementstrategiesthatimprovewaterquality,whilealsodeliveringbothGHGandammoniaabatementaswellisassociatedwithimprovingbothfarmnitrogenNbalancesandsoilfertility.Materials&Methods

Arangeofabatementstrategieshavebeenstudiedtoreduceemissionsduringstorageandlandspreading.Thesestrategiesincludea)alteredapplicationtechniqueandalteredtimingofapplication,b)inclusionofchemicalamendmentstoslurryduringstorageandlandspreadingthatdelayvolatilisationand/ornitrificationandbindphosphorus,c)reductionindietarycrudeproteintolessenNexcretionandd)theuseofpermeablereactiveinterceptorstoreducenitrogenandphosphoruslossestowaterbodies.AsuiteofexperimentsinvestigatingtheimpactsofthesevariousabatementmeasureshavebeenconductedoverthepastsixyearsonbothgrasslandandarablesoilsinIreland.

Results&Discussion

Alteredapplicationtechnique:Band-spreadingandtrailingshoeapplicationofslurrywasobservedtoreduceammoniaemissionsby,onaverage,20%and28.5%respectivelycomparedtobroadcastapplication.Nitrousoxideemissionsdidnotincreasesignificantly,withreportedemissionfactors0.69%.

Alteredapplicationtiming:Thebroadcastapplicationofslurryinspringandautumnreducedammoniaemissionsby25%comparedtosummer(May-June)application.Trailingshoeapplicationwasalsosignificantlyreduced(15%).However,asaresultoflowervolatilisationdirectN2Oemissionsincreasedby13%and60%inspringandautumnrespectivelycomparedtosummerspreading.Night-timespreadingalsosignificantlyreduced(17%)ammoniaemissions,butonlyforslurriesatlowdrymatter(<4%)content.

ChemicalAmendment:TheinclusionofnitrificationinhibitorsreducedN2Oemissionsfromslurryby48%whileinclusionofureaseinhibitorshalvedammoniaemissionsfromdungandurinedepositedduringgrazing.Amendmentofslurryduringlandspreadingwithbothbiochar,ferricchlorideandpoly-aluminiumchloridesignificantly(p<0.05)reducedammoniaemissionswithbiocharalsodecreasingN2Olossesby44%.Duringstorage,acidificationwithsulphuricacidreducedbothammoniaandmethaneemissionsbyover80%whileferricchloridereducedbothgaseousemissionsby90%.BothferricchlorideandpolyaluminiumchloridewereeffectiveatbindingphosphorusandreducingrunofflossesofP.

Reducedcrudeprotein:FeedingsupplementalmethioninetopigsresultedinlowertotalammonicalNcontentinresultantslurries.Ammoniaemissionswereconsequentlyreducedby19%andN2Oby18%.ReductionsinurineNcontentandN2Oemissionswereobservedtobelinearlycorrelated.

Denitrifyingreactivebarriers:Barrierscontainingcellsofwoodchipandzeolite/gravelwerehighlyefficientatreducingNO3

−,NH4+,dissolvedreactivephosphorus,dissolvedunreactivephosphorus

anddissolvedorganicnitrogen(DON)frominfluentdairysoiledwater.However,highlevelsofmethaneemissionswerealsoobserved.

Conclusions

Itisestimatedthatacombinationoftheabovemanuremanagementstrategiescancontributetotheachievementofammoniatargets,reduceGHGandimprovewaterquality,whilealsoallowingforsectoralexpansion.However,amosaicoftheabovestrategiesneedstobetailoredtoindividualfarmcircumstancesandembeddedwithinsustainableandefficientproductionsystems.ReferencesIbrahim,T.G.,Goutelle,A.,HealyM.G.,Brennan,R.,Tuohy,P.,Humphreys,J.,LaniganG.J.,Brechignac,J.,Fenton,O.(2015)Water,Soil&AirPollution226(3):51Bourdin,F.,Sakrabani,R.,Kibblewhite,M.G.,Lanigan,G.J.(2014)AgricultureEcosystems&Environment188:122-133Brennan,R.B.,Healy,M.G.,Fenton,O.andLanigan,G.J.(2015).Theeffectofchemicalamendmentsusedforphosphorusabatementongreenhousegasandammoniaemissionsfromdairycattleslurry:synergiesandpollutionswapping.PLoSOneDOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0111965Minet,E.P.,Jahangir,M.M.R.,Krol,D.J.,Rochford,N.,Fenton,O.,Rooney,D.,Lanigan,G.,Forrestal,P.J.,Breslin,C.,RichardsK.G.(2016)AgricultureEcosystems&Environment215:68-75SelbieDR,CameronKC,DiHJ,MoirJL,LaniganGJ,RichardsKG(2014)JournalofAgriculturalScience152:S159–171Lalor,S.T.J,LaniganG.J.(2010)Proceedingsof14thRamiranConference,(edsCSCMarquesdosSantosCordovil)Cahalan,E.,Ernfors,M.,Müller,C.,Devaney,D.,Laughlin,R.J.,Watson,C.J.,Hennessy,D.,Khalil,M.I.,,McGeough,K.L.&Richards,K.G.(2014).Agriculture,EcosystemsandEnvironment,199:339-349.Fischer,K.,Burchill,W.,Lanigan,G.J.,Kaupenjohann,M.,Chambers,B.,Richards,K.G.Forrestal,P.J.SoilUseandManagement32(S1),83-91Burchill,W.,Lanigan,G.J.,Forrestal,P.J.,Misselbrook,T.,Richards,K.G.(2017)NutrientCyclinginAgroecosystems,108(2):163–175

77

78

79

CompostingasameansofminimisinggreenhousegasemissionsfromtheAustralianintensiveanimalindustrymanuresupplychainDrDavidRowlings1,MrJohannesBiala1,DrDanieleDeRosa1,DrClemensScheer1,ProfessorPeterGrace11QueenslandUniversityOfTechnology,Brisbane,Australia

I.ParallelSession3-SubTheme3-GaseousEmissions,McLure1,September5,2017,10:30-11:30

Australia’sintensiveanimalindustriesgeneratesover3Mtofmanureannually.Compostingtheseproductscanprovideawiderangeofbenefits,howevertobeabletodeterminewhetherraworcompostedmanureissuperiorfromanenvironmentalviewpoint,thisresearchcomparedthegreenhousegas(GHG)lossesfromtheentiremanuresupplychain,includingprocessing,soilapplicationandnutrientreplacement.Nitrousoxide(N2O)andmethane(CH4)emissionsofstockpiledandcompostedmanurefromtheintensivefeedlot(beef)andlayerchickenindustriesweremeasuredbothduringprocessing,andfollowingapplicationtoalong-term(3years)horticulturalrotation.Emissionswerecomparedover5monthsofstockpiling/compostingusingmanuallysampledstaticchambersalongwithenvironmentalandnutrientdata.Theseproductswereappliedannuallytoanintensivevegetablerotationandmonitoredfor2.5yearsusingautomatedchambers.Emissionswerehighestinthestockpiledfeedlotmanure(45kgCO2-et-1feedstock),wherecompostingreducedemissionsby20-fold.Emissionsfromstockpiledchickenmanureweremuchlower(3.2kgCO2-et-1),thoughcompostingincreasedN2Oemissions(7.9gN2Ot-1verses17.4gN2Ot-1).NitrousoxidewasthelargestcontributortotheoverallGHGbudget,accountingforupto90%oftotalemissions.Nitrousoxideemissionsincreasedfollowingrepeatedapplicationstoahorticulturalrotationwithhighestlosses(2kgN2O-Nha-1yr-1)aftertwoannualapplicationsofrawchickenmanure.CompostedmanurereducedN2Oemissionsbyupto45%whenappliedatratesdesignedtosupplyequalNaswithrawmanure.FieldemissionsaccountformajorityoftotalGHGintheraw(>90%)andbetween65-75%inthecompostedchickenmanure,whereasemissionsattheprocessingsitedominatedthestockpiled(raw)feedlotmanure(64-84%).ApplyingcompostedinsteadofrawmanureswasveryeffectiveatreducingfieldN2Oemissions.OverallthesupplychainreductioninGHGemissionsassociatedwithcompostingwas68-97%.Furthermore,accountingfornitrogensuppliedfromthemanuresallowedureafertilizertobereducedbyupto40%withoutyieldpenalty.ThisprojectwasfundedthroughtheAustralianGovernment’sNationalAgriculturalManureManagementProgramwithcontributionsfromintensivelivestockindustriesDeRosa,D.etal.EffectoforganicandmineralNfertilizersonN2Oemissionsfromanintensivevegetablerotation.Biol.FertilitySoils52,895–908,doi:10.1007/s00374-016-1117-5(2016).

80

ReducingGHGemissionsfrommanureasacontributiontoachievingEffortSharingRegulationtargetsNicholasHutchings1,JørgenOlesen1,SørenPetersen11AarhusUniversity,,


TheEffortSharingRegulationcurrentlypassingthroughtheEUlegislativesystemislikelytorequirereductionsinagriculturalGHGemissionsofnearly40%insomememberstates(MS),withlinearimplementationbetween2020and2030.Hereweconsidertheextenttowhichmanurecontributestoagriculturalemissions,themeasuresthatcanbetakenandsomepossiblesideeffects.ManurecontributestoGHGemissionsviamethane(CH4)andnitrousoxide(N2O)emissionsfrommanuremanagement,N2OemissionsfrommanureNappliedtothesoilandviasubsequentindirectN2Oemissionsfromthevolatilisationofammonia(NH3)andleachingofnitrate(NO3-).AreviewwasundertakentoassessthemeasuresthatdirectlyorindirectlytargetGHGemissionsfrommanure.Thisincludedtheoverlapsandemissionleakagewithotherpolicyareas.SomeMSwillneedtousemultiplemeasures,implementedsingularlyandincombination.Sofar,anaerobicdigestionistheonlymeasuredevelopedspecificallytoaddressGHGemissionsfrommanure.However,somemeasurestargetingotherpollutantshavepositiveside-effects;slurrycoolingreducesemissionsfromanimalhousing[1],in-houseacidificationreducesemissionsfrommanurestorage[2]andnitrificationinhibitorsreduceemissionsfromfield-appliedmanure.OptimizingfeedrationproteinwillreducemanureN2OemissionswhilstreducingentericCH4emissionsbyaddingfattoruminantdietswillincreasemanureCH4emissions[3].Mostmeasureswillinvolvetradeoffsagainstcostsandenergyuse,andacceleratetheincreaseinfarmsize.Thelatterwouldraisewelfareconcernsandincreasetheneedformanuretransporttoprotecttheaquaticenvironment,increasingtransportemissions,soilcompactionandroadcongestion.Theevaluationofmeasuresneedstobelocation-specificandholistic.TheextentandtimescaleofESRwillbechallengingforsomeMS.Measuresneedtestingunderlocalconditionsandsynergies/tradeoffswithotherpolicyareastakenintoaccount.Researchandimplementationwilltaketime,soweneedactionnow,iftargetsaretobemet.[1]Sommer,S.G.,Petersen,S.O.,Moller,H.B.2004.NutrientCyclinginAgroecosystems69,143-154.[2]Petersen,S.O.,Andersen,A.J.,Eriksen,J.2012.JournalofEnvironmentalQuality41,88-94.[3]Moller,H.B.,Moset,V.,Brask,M.,Weisbjerg,M.R.,Lund,P.2014.AtmosphericEnvironment94,36-43

81

On-sitequantificationofmethaneleaksfromanagriculturalbiogasplantthroughthreedifferentmethodsNicolasAuvinet1,GuibertAnthony1,drpascalPeu1,PhilippeLoisel1,GuillaumeNunez1,JulieBuffet1,LaurentBlondel1,drDominiqueHeitz1,ThierryBioteau11Irstea,Rennes,France


MinimizationofmethaneleaksinbiogasfacilitiesisachallengeintermsofGHGandlossofincome.OneofTrackyleaks’projectmaintargetisthemethaneleaksquantificationonabio-digesterbyusingdifferentmethods.Twolocalandoneglobalmethodswhereinvolved:aproposednovelIRimagedbasedquantificationapproach,abaggingtechniqueandatracergastest.Twoon-sitecampaignswereconductedatasmall-scaleagriculturalbiogasplant(150kWe)locatedinBrittany(France).Duringthesecampaigns,threemethodsweretested.Theboundaryincludesdigesterandpipestilengine.TheIR-camerawasfirstlyusedtopinpointleaks.ThebaggingmethodfocuseddeeplyontwosingleleakswhileIRcameraandtracergasmethodsassessedthewholeleaks.Forthetracergasmethod,aknownquantityofbutanewasintroducedinthegasometeranditsdecreasewasmonitored.IR-cameraisusuallyusedasadetectionmethodtopinpointleakslocation.Inthepresentproject,anovelflowestimatorapproachwasdevelopedtoquantifymethaneleaksdirectlywiththeIR-camera.Thisquickmethodgivesvisualandinstantaneousmeasurements.AnotherapproachistheBaggingmethodused.Thismethodwasimplementedinordertoestimatetemporalvariabilitythroughacontinuousmonitoringsystem.Thistechnologyprovidesdataalongtime,foreachpointmeasuredandhelpstoknowtherangeofthesefugitive’semissions.Tracergasmethodisaglobalmethodwhichmeasurethedecreaseofaninertgasinjectedinsidethedigester.Thedifferencebetweenthequantityinjectedandthequantitymeasuredattheoutputgivesthetotallossduringtheprocess.Thismethodneedsmeasurementallalongvaporphaserenewal.Duringthecampaignmeasurement,consistencyandcomplementaritywereobservedbetweenthethreemethods.Inordertoassessfugitiveemissions,threemethanequantifyingtechnicswereappliedonanagriculturalbiogasplantduringtwocampaigns.Thesemeasurementsallowedustoevaluatethelossofmethaneontheinstallationandtoaccuratelycomparetheencouragingestimationsprovidedbythethreemethods.WeareverygratefultoADEMEforitssupportandfundingforthisproject.

82

Grossnitrogentransformationsin15NlabelledcattleslurryundersimulatedwinterstorageconditionsDrRachaelCarolan1,DrJohnMcIlroy1,ProfessorChristophMüller2,3,DrKarenMcGeough1,DrRonaldLaughlin11Agri-FoodandBiosciencesInstitute,Belfast,NorthernIreland,BT95PX,2SchoolofBiologyandEnvironmentalScience,UniversityCollegeDublin,Dublin,Ireland,3DepartmentofPlantEcology(IFZ),JustusLiebigUniversityGiessen,Giessen,Germany


AmmoniavolatilisationfromstoredslurryisdependentontheconcentrationandformofNexcreted.Duringwinterstorage,mineralisationoforganicNtoinorganicNoccursslowly,andcouldbecomeamajorsourceofammonium-N.TheaimofthisstudyistodeterminegrossNtransformationsin¹⁵NlabelledcattleslurriesofdifferingNcontent,undersimulatedwinterstorageconditions.150gsub-samplesoffourcattleslurries(drydairy,lactatingdairy,beefweanling,beeffinisher)werelabelledwitheither¹⁵Urea¹⁴NH₄Clor¹⁴Urea¹⁵NH₄Cltreatments,at10at%enrichment.Threetreatmentreplicateswereincubatedanaerobicallyat10°Cfor26weeksinindividualjars.On18occasionsposttreatmentaddition,treatmentjarsweredestructivelysampledtodeterminethe¹⁵NenrichmentofNH₄+,suspendedtotalN(TN)andTNpools[1].GrossslurryNtransformationsduringstoragewerequantifiedusinga¹⁵Ntracingmodel[2].Initialresultsshowthatisotopicexcessoftheammoniacal-Npoolpeakedafteronlyonehourofstorage(extractionT0)forallfourslurries,demonstratingrapidandalmostcompletehydrolysisof¹⁵ureato¹⁵NH₄+.Theseresultsareconsistentwithstudieswhichshowthatureahydrolysiscanpeakinlessthan3hourspostexcretaldeposition.TheenrichedNH₄+decreasedsteadilyoverthe26weekstorageperiodforbothisotopelabelsandforallfourslurries,demonstratingmineralisationoftheorganicNfractionandsubsequentdilutionoftheenrichedNH₄+poolbyunlabelledNfromtheorganicslurryfraction.Furtherevidenceofmineralisationisevidentinthegradualdecreaseoftotalsolids,volatilesolidsandaceticacidcontentduringthestorageperiod.NetmineralisationoftheproteinNorganicpooltoaminoacidsandsubsequentlyNH₄+,couldhavesignificantimplicationsforammoniavolatilisationpotential.Resultsfrom¹⁵Nmodellingwillbepresented.Furtherresultsfromthe¹⁵Ntracingmodelwillbepresented,includinganalysisoftheeffectofslurrytotalammoniacal-NandNcontentonratesofNmineralisation-immobilisationturnover(MIT)betweenslurries,withimplicationsforammoniavolatilisation.[1]Stevens,R.J.,Laughlin,R.J.,Atkins,G.J.andProsser,S.J.1993.SoilScienceSocietyofAmericaJournal,57:4,981-988.[2]Müller,C.,Rütting,T.,Kattge,J.,Laughlin,R.J.,Stevens,R.J.,2007.SoilBiologyandBiochemistry.39,715-726.

83

EffectofsupplementarycarbohydratesourceonnitrogenexcretioninbeefheifersMr.StuartKirwan1,Dr.Karina.MPierce1,Sarah.ACondren1,Zoe.CMcKay1,Dr.Alan.KKelly1,Prof.Tommy.MBoland11SchoolofAgricultureandFoodScience,UniversityCollegeDublin,LyonsResearchFarm,Celbridge,Naas,,Ireland.


Background&ObjectivesIrishagriculturecontributes98%oftotalnationalammonia(NH₃)emissions.Excretionofurinarynitrogen(N)islessdesirablefromanenvironmentalperspectivethanexcretionoffaecalNduetoincreasedenvironmentallosses.Theobjectiveofthisstudywastoevaluatetheimpactofdifferingcarbohydratesourcesonnitrogenexcretionofbeefheifersoffereda40:60GS:concentratediet.Materials&MethodsSixBelgianBluecrossheifers(487±29KgBW)wereusedina3x3LatinSquaredesign.TMRdietsformulatedtobeiso-nitrogenous(14%CP/kgDM),offeredtwicedailytomeetmaintenancerequirements.Treatmentswere:GS(11.6%CP)plusrolledbarley(RB),maizemeal(MM)orsoyahulls(SH)concentrateoffered40:60GS:concentrateonaDMbasis.Totalfeedintake,urineandfaecaloutputwererecordedoverfivedaysperperiodforNbalancedetermination.Results&DiscussionDatawasanalyzedusingthemixedprocedureofSAS.NintakewaslowerforRBcomparedtoMM(P<0.05)andSH(P<0.01)withnodifferencesbetweentreatmentsforurinaryandfaecalNexcretion(g/d)(P>0.05).However,therewasahigherpercentageofNexcretedinthefaecesintheMM(P<0.01)andSH(P<0.05)treatmentscomparedtotheRBtreatment.ConclusionInthecurrentstudyofferingMMorSHratherthanRBincreasedthepercentageofingestedNexcretedinthefaeceswithoutimpactingNretentionorurinaryNexcretion.

84

IdentifyingexcretapatchesonintensivelygrazedgrasslandusingaerialimagerycapturedfromanUnmannedAerialVehicles(UAV)MsJulietteMaire1,2,3,4,MrSimonGibson-Poole2,3,MrGaryLanigan1,MrBobRees2,MrDaveReay3,MrKarlRichards1,MsUteSkiba4,MrNicholasCowan4,MsMadeleineBell2,MrAlistairHamilton2,MsCarolineNichol31Teagasc,EnvironmentalResearchCentre,JohnstownCastle,Ireland,2Scotland'sRuralCollege,WestMainsRoad,Edinburgh,Scotland,3UniversityofEdinburgh,AlexanderCrumBrownRoad,,Edinburgh,Scotland,4CenterofEcologyandHydrology,BushEstate,,Penicuik,Scotland


Depositionofurinenitrogenbygrazinglivestockisasignificantsourceofnitrousoxide,ammoniaemissionsandnitrateleaching[1].Theseeventsarerandom,creatingahighspatialvariabilitywithinthefieldanddifficultiesofaccountingtheircontributionwhenmeasuringvariousnitrogenlosses.Thestudyinvestigatedanalternativetechniqueforidentifyingtheirspatialcoverageingrasslands[2].Anunmannedaerialvehicle(UAV)usingatwincamerasystemwasusedtoidentifyurinepatchesina5hafield,whichhadbeengrazedbysheep(47ewesand90lambsfor7weeks)threeweekspreviously.Nitrousoxidemeasurementswereperformedusingsteady-statechambersonidentifiedurinepatchesandareasunaffectedbyexcretadeposition.TheimagerywasprocessedusingAgisoftPhotoscantoproducetrueandfalsecolourorthomosaicimageryandadigitalsurfacemodeloftheentirefield.Thefinaloutputpicturehasbeensplitinsmallerareasforquickerprocessingperformance.Theimageryoffoursamplesofapproximately50m2areaswithinthefieldwereanalysedusingacustompixelbasedmodelwritteninR(TheRFoundation,USA)usingcolourchannelthresholding.Foratotalof210m2ofgrassland,4.12%werecoveredbypatcheswith82patchareasofinaverage0.11m2,amaximumareaof0.33m2andminimalareaof0.03m2inaccordancewiththeeffectiveareaofsheepurinepatchalreadymeasured[3].Thisworkisongoing;moreprocessingwillbeconductedtoassociatetheimagerytonitrousoxideemissionsforareaaffectedornotbyurinepatches.ThismethoddevelopedinRisrobustforsmallsurveyareas,anothermethodwillbedevelopedusingGIStoanalysetheentirefieldatonceandaccountforelevationofgrass.ThedetectionofexcretapatchesusingUAVimagerycombinedwithsoilmeasurementsshowpotentialtoaidautomaticandfastdeterminationofexcretapatchcover.Thedevelopmentofthesemethodscouldimprovenitrogeninputspatialmodel,theunderstandingofthegreenhousegasemissionsheterogeneitywithinthefieldandfertiliserapplicationefficiency.TheauthorthanksBiomathematicsandStatisticsScotlandforassistancewiththeimageanalysisandcolleaguesforassistancewithfieldwork.[1]Hyde,B.P,Forrestal,P.J,Jahangiretal.2016.IrishJournalofAgriculturalandFoodresearch55(1):1–9.[2]Dennis,S.J,Moir,J.L,Cameronetal.2013.GrassandForageScience,68(3),378–385.[3]Selbie,D.R,Buckthought,L.E,Shepherd,M.A.2015.AdvancesinAgronomy,129:229-292

85

EffectsofpomegranatenutritionaladditivesonthedynamicsofVOCsandodorantsemissionsfromcalvesmanureDr.V.SudharsanVarma1,Dr.ArielShabtay2,Mrs.MoranYishay2,Dr.YaelLaor11AgriculturalResearchOrganization,InstituteofSoil,WaterandEnvironmentalSciences,NeweYa'arResearchCenter,RamatYishay,ISRAEL,2AgriculturalResearchOrganization,InstituteofAnimalScience,NeweYa'arResearchCenter,RamatYishay,ISRAEL


Emissionsofvolatileorganiccompounds(VOCs)andspecificallyodor-causingcompounds(odorants)fromlivestockmanureareofenvironmentalconcern[1-2].Recentapproachesincattlenutritionintroducemediterraneanfruitswastesthatcarryantioxidantactivities,whichmayaffectanimalhealthaswellasmanureproperties.Thus,weexploredtheeffectofpomegranateadditivesonodorantsemissionfromcalvesmanurebeforeandafterweaning.Pomegranatepeelextract(4%)wasmixedinmilk(age1-60d)anddryfood(age61-120d)of7calves.Sevenothercalvesservedascontrols.Freshfecesweregrabbedattwotimeperiods,~2.5weeksbeforeandonemonthafterweaning.Sub-sampleswereincubated(28°C)foronemonthwhilesacrificingsamplesforanalysisattime0,7,14,30d.Then,sub-sampleswereplacedinafluxchamber(37°C)tocollectVOCsusingthermaldesorptionsorbenttubesandanalyzebyGC-MS[2].Emissionsof34VOCs(volatilefattyacids(VFA),esters,alcohols,phenols&aromatics,sulfidesandaldehydes)wasfollowedduringmanureincubation.Totalfluxemissions(ΣVOC)andVFAsespeciallypeakedonday7andgraduallydecreasedthereafter,incorrespondencetothedynamicsofmanurepH.VFAs,alcoholsandphenoliccompoundshadthehighestcontributiontothesefluxes(VFAs>>>alcohols>>phenols&aromatics>sulfides>esters>aldehydes).VFAsfluxeswerehigherinthepomegranatesupplementeddietandmayreflectchangesinrumenmicorfloraandmetabolicpathwaysactiveinpomegranatepeelsdigestion.Inalltreatments,thefractionalcontributionofalcoholsphenolsandsulfidesgenerallyincreasedalongincubationattheexpenseofVFAs.Odorantsemission,expressedasodoractivityvalues(OAV;concentrationofindividualsVOCsdividedbytheirrespectivehumanodorthreshold[2]),weredominatedbyVFAs>>>phenols&aromatics>>sulfides>alcohols>aldehydes>esters.ThefractionalcontributionofVFAswashigherinpomegranatesupplementeddietwhereasp-Cresolcontributedmoretothetotalodorofthecontrol.Therelativeimpactofcertainodorantsdoesnotnecessarilycorrelatewiththeirmassfluxes.Calvesdietsupplementedbypomegranatewastedidnotlessenmanureodoremissions.Itreducedcertainmalodorants(dimethyldisulfide,skatole),butthetotalodorwasdominatedbyVFAs.Thus,introducingnewdietsdeserverevisitingmanuremanagementapproaches.[1]Shabtay,A.,Ravid,U.Brosh,A.etal.2009.JournalofAnimalScience,87,1835-1848.[2]Parker,D.B.,Cai,L.Kim,K.H.etal.2012.BioresourceTechnology,124,95-104.

86

DifferencesinamountsofgreenhousegasemissionfactorsandemissionsfromentericfermentationandmanuremanagementofSlovakiandairycowsbetween2014and2015..Mrs.ZuzanaPalkovičová1,Mr.VojtechBrestenský1,Mr.JanBrouček11NationalAgriculturalandFoodCentre-ResearchInstituteForAnimalProduction,Nitra,Slovakia


Theaimofthisstudywastoestablishgreenhousegasemissionfactors(EFs)andtotalemissions(tEs)fromentericfermentation(methane-CH4)andmanuremanagement(methane-CH4,nitrousdioxide-N2O)ofdairycowsandcomparethedifferencesintheirquantitiesin2014and2015.Fordeterminationweused2006IPCCGuidelinesforNationalGreenhouseGasInventories.WecalculatedEFsandtEsinallregionsofSlovakia.ForcalculationofEFs,wehadtospecifyrequirementsofcowsonindividualnetenergies(NE),grossenergy(GE),digestibilityoffeedingratio(DE),nitrogenexcretionrate(Nex),methaneconversionfactors(MCF)ofappliedmethodsofmanurehandlingandtheirshareontotalmanureproduction.ThecalculationofemissionswasbasedonidentifiedEFsandnumbersofanimals.In2015thetotalnumberofdairycowsdecreasedby3,854animal.DigestibilityoffeedingrationincreasedinallregionsandwithinSlovakia.Conversely,GEdeclinedduetohigherDEoffeedingrationinallregions.TheaverageCH4EF,emissionperkgofmilkproductionandtotalemissionfromentericfermentationdecreasedin2015by8.97kg,0.002kg,1,741t,respectively.ThiswascausedbyhigherDEandlowerGE;decreaseofEFandincreaseofmilkyield;decreaseofEFandnumberofanimals(except3regions)inallregionsandwithinSlovakia(EF,emissionperkgmilk,tE,respectively).CH4EFandemissionfrommanuremanagementdecreasedinallregionsandwithinSlovakiaby4.95kg(average)and756.5t(withinSlovakia),respectively.TheN2Oemissionfrommanuremanagementwasreducedinallregions(except2regions)andwithinSlovakiatoo(totaldecreaseabout3.416t).Thetotalmethaneemissionsfromentericfermentationandmanuremanagementandalsonitrousdioxideemissionfrommanuremanagementwerelowerin2015thanin2014andreachedvalues16,572t,1,770tand95trespectively.ThisstudywaspossiblethroughprojectsAPVV0632-10and15-0060andtheprojectCEGEZ26220120073.[1]Dong,H.,Mangino,J.,McAllister,T.A.,Hatfield,J.L.,Johnson,D.E.,Lassey,K.R.,deLima,M.A.andRomanovskaya,A.2006.IPCCGuidelinesforNationalGreenhouseGasInventories.Volume4:Agriculture,ForestryandOtherLandUse.Chapter10:EmissionsfromLivestockandManureManagementp.10.1-10.87.

87

Treatmentofagriculturalwasteusingchemicalamendments–asummaryof8yearsofresearchDrMarkGerardHealy1,ProfOwenFenton21CivilEngineering,CollegeofEngineeringandInformatics,NationalUniversityOfIreland,Galway,,RepublicofIreland,2Teagasc,JohnstownCastle,EnvironmentResearchCentre,,RepublicofIreland

J.ParallelSession3-SubTheme4-Soil&WaterQuality,McCarthy,September5,2017,10:30-11:30

Transfersofnutrientsfromagriculturetowatermayleadtoeutrophicationofawaterbody,particularlyifrainfalloccurswithin48hoflandapplication.Thisaimofthispaperwastoidentifysustainableandeffectiveamendmentsforadditiontothreetypesofwaste(dairycattleslurry,pigslurryanddairysoiledwater)inordertoreducesurfacerunoffofnutrients.Theeffectivenessofamendmentsinreducingnutrientlosseswereevaluatedatthreescales:(1)bench-scaletests,inwhichthestoichiometricadditionofchemicaltowastewasidentified(2)laboratorytests,inwhichintactsoil,overlainwithunamendedandchemicallyamendedwaste,wassubjecttosimulatedrainfall,and,finally,(3)fieldmicro-plotscaletests,inwhichtheresultsofthelaboratorytestswereverifiedin‘real’conditions.Theimpactofamendmentsongreenhousegasemissionswerealsomeasuredinthesestudies.Ourinitialstudiesfocusedonthemitigationofphosphorusinrunoff.Takingintoaccountpollutionswappinginconjunctionwitheffectiveness,poly-aluminiumchloridewasthemostsuccessfulphosphorusmitigationtreatmentfordairycattle[1]andpigslurries[2],whereasalumwasmosteffectivefordairysoiledwater[3].Theeffectivenessofamendmentsinmitigatingphosphoruswassoil-specific,andwasaffectedbybufferingcapacityandsoilcomposition.Therewasnodifferenceingreenhousegasemissions(methane,nitrousoxide,carbondioxide)followinglandapplicationofeitherchemicallyamendedpigslurryordairycattleslurryandtheirunamendedforms[4].Subsequentstudies[5,6]focusedonothernitrogenandcarbon,aswellasphosphorusreductions,andfoundthatcombinedzeoliteandchemicalamendmentswerehighlyeffectiveinreducingphosphorus(50%-81%reductionsrelativetostudycontrols),nitrogen(45%-56%reductions)andtotalorganiccarbon(40%-56%reductions)inrunoff.Chemicalamendmenttoagriculturalwasteiseffective,butisexpensiveandshouldonlybeusedinlocationswherethereisconnectivitybetweensourcesofpollutantsandreceivingwaters.Costbenefitanalysiswillbeconductedtoassessthefeasibilityofthispractice.ThesestudieswerefundedbyTeagascWalshFellowships,theDepartmentofAgriculture,FisheriesandtheMarine,andtheIRC.[1]Brennan2011.Sci.Tot.Environ.409,5111.[2]O’Flynn2012.J.Environ.Manage.113,78.[3]Serrenho2012.Sci.Tot.Environ.430,1.[4]Brennan2015.PLoSONE10(6):e0111965.[5]Murnane2015.J.Environ.Qual.44,1674.[6]Murnane2016.J.Environ.Qual.44,1674.

88

SustainableManueManagementandWaterQuality:RegulatoryConstraintsandPracticalRealitiesDistinguishedProfessorAndrewSharpley11UniversityOfArkansas,Fayetteville,UnitedStates


Theimpairmentofsurfacewaterqualitycontinues,heighteningattentiononquantificationofnonpointsourcesofnutrientsfromagriculture,particularlylivestockoperations,whichcanaccumulatenutrientsinexcessofcropneeds.Herewedescribefindingsofintensivesoilandwatermonitoringtodeterminetheimpactofswinemanuremanagementanddeterminethesustainabilityofalternativemanuremanagementtechniques.ThestateofArkansas,USAcommissionedustodetermineifoperationofarecentlypermittedswinefarmimpactedthequalityoftheBuffaloNationalScenicRiverWatershed.Forthreeyears,wehavemonitoredstream,groundwater,springs,surfacerunoffat11sitesatweeklyintervalsfornitrogen,phosphorus,andbacteria.Wealsoinvestigatetheuseoflocally-sourcelimestonetosequestermanurephosphorus,aswellassolid-liquidseparationtoprovidedcost-beneficialalternativesforthesustainableusemanures.Streamsamplingaboveandbelowthefarmshowsnoconsistentimpactsoffarmmanagementonnitrogen,phosphorus,andbacteria.Wateranalysisfromwells,frenchdrains,andanephemeralgullyadjacenttothemanureholdingponds,donotindicateanyleakageofslurry.Resultsofgrid-soilsamplingin2014and2016ofthreefieldsreceivingmanureindicateaccumulationofphosphorusoccursincertainareaswithinthesurface10cmofsoil.Theseincreasesoccurwherecattleareroutinelyfedhayandaroundshadetreesratherthanwheremanureisapplied.Locally-sourcedlimestonedecreasedmanuresolublephosphorusandenhancedsolidsettling,butisnotyetaneconomically-viabletreatmentoption.Atthistime,solid-liquidseparationofmanureprovidesthefarmernutrientmanagementoptionsregardingwhichpondtopumpfrom,whetherthepondwillbeagitated,thedepthatwhichtopumpfrom,andwhichfieldtomaketheapplication.Todate,thereisnoconsistentimpactoffarmoperationonnutrientandbacteriaconcentrations.However,monitoringinthehighlyvisibleBuffaloRiverWatershedprovidesthepublicwithreal-timeinformation(seehttp://www.bigcreekresearch.org/).Thisprovidesadilemmaofbalancingtransparencywithtimelyandreliableinterpretations,whichwillbediscussed.TheBigCreekResearchandExtensionTeamgratefullyacknowledgesfundingforthisstudyfromtheStateofArkansas.

89

Towardsregionalintegrationofwasteresourcesinaperi-urbanregioninCanadaShabtaiBittman1,DerekHunt1,HongjieZhang11AgricultureandAgri-FoodCanada,AgassizResearchandDevelopmentCentre,Agassiz,Canada


Intensiveproductionpoultryandraspberryinsouth-coastalBritishColumbiathreatenstheenvironment,andparticularlynitratecontaminationofanunconfinedtransboundaryaquifer.Ourobjectiveistotightenregionalnutrientcyclesbyincludingdairyoperationsinpoultry-raspberrynutrientflows.Experimentswereconductedonamendingraspberrysoilwithlocalproductsincludingseprateddairysolids,andfertilizingdairygrasswithpoultrymanureversusfertilizer.Weappliedpoultryandhorsemanures,separateddairyslurrysolidsandbarnscrapings,andmunicipalcompostonbaregroundandnewlyseededgrass(tobracketpotentialNuptakebynewandestablishedraspberries)attypical25and50t/harates.Soilwassampledmonthly(14months)to60cmdepthandtestedforammoniumandnitrate,andoccasionallytotalN,C,PandK.Also,poultrymanureorfertilizerwereappliedtoestablisheddairygrassatvariousratesandtimes.Onbaresoilatthe25t/harate,soilmineralN(nitrateandammonium)peakedat1477kgN/haforpoultrymanure(July),comparedto372forcompost(July)and154-259forthedairymanures(Sept.).SoilconcentrationswithpoultryweresignificantlyhigherthanotherproductsuntilDec.and,briefly,thenextJuly,withheavyrainsoverwintercausingleaching.CompostvalueswerehigherthandairyuntilAugust.ControlanddairyproductshadsimilarsoilmineralNbutNuptakebynewlyseededgrasswashigherforthedairyproductsthancontrol.PoultryandcomposthadhighestsoilPandK.Currentresearchisaddressingyieldresponseofraspberriesamendedwithlocalwasteproducts.Dairygrassrespondedsimilarlytopoultrymanureasfertilizerbutapplicationofpoultrymanureinlatefallfosteredbetterearlyandmid-seasongrassgrowth.Wearecurrentlyevaluatingmulti-yearuseofpoultrymanureondairygrass.ReplacingpoultrymanurewithdairysolidsforamendingraspberrysoilswillreduceexcessiveNinputsandalleviatenitratecontaminationofgroundwaterunderrapberryfields.PoultrymanurecanreplacecurrentmineralNfertilizerforgrassproductionondairyfarms.ThesechangeswillimproveNuseonaregionalscale.WeacknowledgetechnicalworkbyAnthonyFriesen,FredericBounaixandXiaoWuandfundingfromAgricultureandAgri-FoodCanada.

90

NutrientlossesfromsolidmanuresstoredintemporaryfieldheapsMrDanielGMunro1,DrFionaANicholson2,DrLizzieSagoo1,DrTomHMisselbrook3,DrChrisHodgson3,MrJohnRWilliams11ADASBoxworth,Cambridge,UK,2ADASGleadthorpe,Mansfield,UK,3RothamstedResearchNorthWyke,Okehampton,UK


Temporarymanurestorageallowsapplicationsattimeswhentherisksofsoilcompactionandwaterpollutionarelow,andwhenthenutrientssuppliedarelikelytomostbenefitcrops.However,thereisalsoaneedtoensurethattheleachateproduceddoesnotcauseexcessdiffusewaterpollution,andregulationstocontroldiffusepollutionarebasedonrobustscientificevidence.Eachexperimentalsitehadthreereplicatesofeachmanuretypeandstoragetreatment(coveredoruncoveredheaps),plusuntreatedcontrols.Onthefreedrainingsiteporouscupsamplerswereusedtoquantifynutrientandmicrobialpathogenconcentrationsattwodepthsbelowandadjacenttotheheaps.Onthedrainedclaysitedrainagewatervolumeswererecordedandsamplestakenonaflowproportionalbasissothatthenutrientandpathogenlossesfromthecontrastingmanuretreatmentscouldbequantified.Readilyavailablenitrogen(nitrate-Nandammonium-N;RAN)lossesfromsolidmanuresstoredinfieldheapswerelowatbetween<1%and3.8%oftotalNintostore.ThehighestlossesweremeasuredfromuncoveredcattleFYMheapsstoredonfreedrainingsandysoils.Measurementsshowedthat70%ofthenitrogenlostwasretainedinthesoilprofile(0-90cm).Phosphorus(P)lossesfromcattleFYM,pigFYMandpoultrymanureheapswerelowatlessthan1%oftotalPintostore.Elevatedammonium-NandPconcentrationsindrainagewaterweremeasuredafewdaysaftertheconstructionofpigFYMheapswhenfree-drainageofeffluentfromthefreshpigFYMresultedinasmallvolume(c.5mm)ofcontaminateddrainflow.Onallmanuretreatmentslargeresiduesofnutrientsremainedinthetopsoilafterheapremoval.Furtherworkisrequiredtoexaminemitigationoptionstominimisenutrientlossespost-storage.CoveringFYMheapswasonlyeffective(P<0.05)atreducingRANlossesfromcattleFYMheapsstoredonfreedrainingsoils.OveralltheresultsindicatethatcurrentguidanceincludedintheNitrateVulnerableZoneActionProgrammeissufficienttocontrolwaterpollutionfromsolidsmanuresstoredintemporaryfieldheaps.FundingofthisworkbytheDepartmentofEnvironmentFoodandruralAffairs(Defra)isgratefullyacknowledged.

91

EffectofslurrytreatmentbyacidorDMPPadditiononnitrificationpotentialaftersoilapplicationProf.DavidFangueiro1,DrIreneFraga2,Prof.ErnestoVasconcelos1,ProfJoãoRicardoSousa3,Prof.JoãoCoutinho31LEAF,InstitutoSuperiordeAgronomia,UniversidadedeLisboa,Lisboa,Portugal,2CITAB,UniversityofTrás-os-MonteseAltoDouro,,VilaReal,Portugal,3ChemistryCentre,UniversityofTrás-os-MonteseAltoDouro,VilaReal,Portugal


Slurrytreatmentbyacidification,recommendedtominimizeammoniaemissions,hasasignificantimpactonnitrogendynamicsfollowingsoilapplication[1,2]butitsimpactonnitrificationwasstillnotclearduetosimultaneouseffectonmineralization/immobilizationfluxes.TheeffectofpigslurrytreatmentbyacidificationorDMPP(nitrificationinhibitor)additiononthenitrificationpotentialwasassessedherein3contrastingsoils.Anaerobiclaboratoryincubationwasperformedwith3contrastingover153daysFourtreatmentsweretested:1.Soil+RawSlurry(RS);2.Soil+acidifiedslurry-pH5.5(AS);3.Soil+slurryamendedwithDMPP(DMPP);4.Soilonly(CTR).Amendmentswereappliedatarateequivalentto70-80mgNkg-1drysoilandatotalof324unitswereprepared(destructivesampling).MineralNcontent,pHandnitrificationpotential(NP)weremeasuredineachsample.Overall,slurryapplicationincreasedsignificantlytheactivityofnitrifyerpopulationbutASandDMPPtreatmentsledtolowerorsimilarNPvaluesthaninRS.Insandysoil,ASandDMPPledtoequivalentvaluesofNPandalwayslowerthanRS.Insandyloamsoil,afterday20,NPvaluesinASwereclosetoCTRandsignificantlylowerthaninDMPPandthelatersignificantlylowerthanRS.Nevertheless,NPvaluesinamendedtreatmentsweresimilartillday81intheclayloamsoilwithNH4+fixingclays,butafterwardsNPinDMPPdroppedandreachedCTRvalue,whileASsignificantlyoverpassedthevalueofRSattheendoftheexperiment.MineralNdynamicsfollowedthetrendsreportedin[1].Ourresultsshowedthat,during81days,ASisasmuchefficientasDMPPtoreducenitrification,althoughsucheffectmaybestronglyinfluencedbysoilproperties.Slurryacidificationneverstimulatenitrificationrelativetonon-acidifiedslurryand,inmostoftheobservations,acidificationdecreasesnitrificationasefficientlyasDMPPbutthiseffectiscloselyrelatedtothesoilproperties.AcidificationmightthereforebeseenasakeysolutiontominimizeNlossesfromslurryamendedsoils.ThisworkwassupportedbytheFCT-PortugueseFoundationforScienceandTechnology[1] FangueiroD.,SurgyS.,FragaI.,MonteiroF.G.,CabralF.,CoutinhoJ.2016,Geoderma281,30-38.[2]Fangueiro,D.,Pereira,J.,Bichana,A.,Surgy,S.,Cabral,F.,Coutinho,J.,2015.JournalofEnvironmentalManagement162,1–8.

92

Pollutionofsurfaceandgroundwaterbynon-pointsourcesrelatedtoagriculturalactivitiesProf.JanVenglovsky1,Ass.Prof.NadaSasakova1,JanaMojzisova1,DanielaTakáčová1,IngridPapajova2,RudolfHromada1,Dr.GabrielaGregova1,Dr.TatianaSzaboova,1,L.Kormosova11UniversityofVeterinaryMedicineandPharmacyInKosice,Slovakia,Kosice,,2ParasitologicalInstituteoftheSlovakAcademyofSciences,Hlinkova1/A04001Košice,TheSlovakRepublic,,


Availabilityofpotablewaterofgoodqualityisessentialforanimalsandpeopleandproductionofsafefood.Toensurethisitisnecessarytopreventcontaminationofwatersources.Theobjectiveofthisstudywastomonitorqualityofwaterforindividualandmasssupplyandtoidentifypotentialsourcesofitscontamination.Samplesofgroundandsurfacewatersupplyingindividualhouseholdsvillagesandsomeagriculturalunitswerecollectedperiodicallyintheselectedarea(Košicesurroundings,Slovakia)andexaminedphysico-chemicallyandmicrobiologicallyaccordingtoSlovaklegislationcompatiblewithEUDrinkingwaterdirective.Physico-chemicalevaluationincludeddeterminationofpH,ammonium(NH3),nitrates(NO3)andchemicaloxygendemand(CODMn).Microbiologicalexaminationfocusedonbacteriacultivatedat22oCand37oC(BC22andBC37),totalcoliforms,E.coliandfaecalstreptococci.Groundwaterwasusedintheinvestigatedarea,originatingeitherdirectlyfromindividualwellsoraftercollectioninstoragereservoirsanddisinfectionincaseofmassconsumption.Examinationofpotablewaterusedonagriculturalfarmsshowedsomepossibilityofcontaminationofsourcesbyrunoff,particularlyinrelationtoheavyrainandinappropriatemanipulationwithexcrements.Surfacewaterinvillagesclosetothesefarmswascontaminatedwithorganicsubstance(CODMn).MicrobiologicalexaminationshowedinmanycasespresenceofE.coliandfaecalenterococciwhichindicatedthatfaecespollutedthissurfacewaterandcouldeventuallypassalsotogroundwaterinindividualwells.Ourinvestigationsshowedthatprotectionzonesofwatersourceswerenotalwaysobservedandthiswasthemajorreasonfordecreasedqualityofpotablewater.Dependenceofwaterqualityonseasonsindicatedthatwaterqualityintheinvestigatedareawasrelatedtoagriculturalactivities.wasalsoobserved.Ourmonitoringintheinvestigatedareashowedimportanceofprotectionofwatersources,particularlyobservationofprotectionszoneswhichcandecreaseconsiderablytherisksarisingfromnon-pointsourcesofcontamination.Manipulationwithexcrementsandtheirdisposalonfarmsmayaffectqualityofwaterinawidearea.ThestudywassupportedbySlovakMinistryofCultureandEducationGrantAgencyNo.003UVLF-4/2016andtheprojectVEGA2/0125/17.[1]Gasteyer,S.2008.AgricultureandHumanValues,25,4,469-486.[2]Sasáková,N.Papajová,I.,Ondrašovičová,O.,Laktičová,K.,Gregová,G.,Bis-Wencel,H.,Venglovský,J.,Mareková,J.,Hromada,R.,Halán,M.2009.FoliaVeterinaria,53,3,132-133.[3]Mackler,B.A.&Merkle,J.C.2000.HydrogeolJ,8,1,29-40.

93

EffectivenessofunfertilisedcultivatedbufferstripstoreducephosphorusloadsDr.ir.KarolineD'Haene1,2,Prof.Dr.ir.GeorgesHofman2,31PlantSciencesUnit-ILVO,Merelbeke,Belgium,2ResearchandExtensionAdvisoryBoardonSustainableFertilisation,Merelbeke,Belgium,3DepartmentofSoilManagement-FacultyofBioscienceEngineering-UGent,Gent,Belgium


Unfertilisedbufferstrips(BS)preventindirect(throughtransportintheunfertilisedBS)anddirect(=fertiliserenteringthewatercourse)pollutionofsurfacewaterbyfertilisation.AlthoughnumerousstudieshavereviewedthesiteconditionsthataffecttheeffectivenessofuncultivatedBSonindirectphosphorus(P)losses[1,2],fewhavereviewedtheeffectofunfertilisedcultivatedBS(UCBS)onPlosses.We’vereviewedliteraturetoevaluatetheshortandlongtermeffectofUCBSonindirectanddirectPlossestowardssurfacewater.We’veevaluatedtheinterception(Pisstoppedbyvegetationorroughsoilsurface),residencetime(affectingthepossibilityofadsorptionofdissolvedPandsedimentationofparticulateP)andfertilisationeffect[3]andthereductionofdirectPlossesbyUCBStoassessthepotentialeffectofUCBScomparedtoareference,withafocusonflatareas.AnUCBSmayonlyexhibitaninterceptionandresidencetimeeffectifthetransportingwaterpassesthroughtheUCBS(i.e.areaswithsurfacerun-offandshallowsubsurfaceflow)andPisremovedbythecrop.TheinterceptioneffectofdissolvedPcanonlyoccuronUCBSwithlowPsaturationorhighphosphatebindingcapacity.TheinterceptioneffectofparticulatePfromsurfacerun-offislimitedbecausethecropinUCBSisequaltothefieldandrun-offanderosionislimitedinflatareas.IfsoilconditionsarefavourableforadsorptionofdissolvedPandsedimentationofparticulateP,theremightbearesidencetimeeffectwhichincreaseswithUCBSwidth.Thereisnofertilisationeffectiftotalfertilisationrateofthefieldisnotadapted.AnUCBSishoweververyeffectiveagainstfertilisationbeyondthefieldborder.Thehighestriskwasestimatedforbroadcastedapplicationofmineralfertilisers.Aslandscape,hydrology,vegetationandwidthaffecttheeffectivenessofBS,theresidencetimeandinterceptioneffectofUCBSarelowinflatareasbutUCBSreducefertilisationbeyondthefieldborder.TheneededUCBSwidthdependsonfertilisertypeandapplicationtechnique.KarolineD'HaenewishestoacknowledgeVLMforfundingherresearchfortheResearchandExtensionAdvisoryBoardonSustainableFertilisation.[1]Roberts,W.M.etal.2012.JournalofEnvironmentalQuality41,389-399[2]Zhang,X.etal.2010.JournalofEnvironmentalQuality39,76–84[3]Noij,I.G.A.M.etal.2012.Effectivenessofnon-fertilizedbufferstripsintheNetherlands,Wageningen

94

DecipheringtheorganicmatterkineticsoffreshanddriedcattlefarmyardmanurethankstoorganicmatterfractionationandlitterbagssoilincubationassayDr.JulieJimenez1,Dr.DominiquePatureau1,ThierryMorvan21LBEINRA,Narbonne,France,2UMRSASINRAAGROCAMPUSOUEST,Rennes,France


Abetterknowledgeoftheorganicmatter(OM)fateintosoilwouldallowaccuratepredictiontoolsdevelopmentfororganicfertilizerspreading.AuthorscommonlyusedOMfractionationmethodsforcharacterization[1,2]buttheirevolutionduringincubationsismissing.Thus,thisstudyaimsatusingOMfractionationforkineticsdescriptionoftwocontrastedcattlefarmyardmanureduringsoilincubationwithlitterbags.Fresh(FCM)anddried(DCM)cattlemanurewereusedinsoilincubationtests.TheOMdecompositionevolutionwasassessedbyusinglitterbags.Theywereplacedat15°Cin2Lflasksfilledwith500gofmoistsoilandsampledat6datesbetweenday7and301.ThecharacterizationtoolwasbasedonOMaccessibilityassessmentthroughsequentialchemicalextractionscombinedwithfluorescencespectroscopy[2]andwasappliedonthesamplesatincubationdays0,28,301.DespiteahigherOMdegradationrateat28daysforFCM,bothFCMandDCMreachedsimilardegradationafter301days.OMfractionsevolutionshowedthatthechemicalaccessibilitysimulatedwellthebioaccessibility.Indeed,forbothincubations,themostaccessiblefractionshadthehighestbiodegradationrate(89to93%versus46to63%fortheleastaccessible).Moreover,kineticratesofthemostaccessiblefractionswerehigherthantheleastoneswhichweremainlydegradedafter28days.OMfractionsevolutionhighlightedtheeffectofdryingbyevaluatingthemaindifferencesbetweenFCMandDCMdegradation:(i)theleastaccessiblefractionswerelessbiodegradableforDCM(ii)thetimeofdegradationofthemostaccessiblefractionswaslowerforDCM(28daystodegrade63%to84%ofthem)and(iii)thenon-extractiblefractionofFCMincreasedafter28days,probablyduetorecalcitrantmoleculesproducedbysoilmicroorganismsactivity.TheOMmethodusedwasabletodescribetheOMbioaccessibilityanditsevolutionduringsoilincubation.Itwasconsistentenoughtohighlightdryingimpactondegradationkinetics.Nitrogendynamicswillbespecified.TheOMfractionswillbethenusedforcalibratingadynamicmodeldescribingOMfateinsoils.TheauthorsacknowledgeP.Germainfortechnicalassistance.[1]Garnier,P.,NeelC.,Aita,C.,Recous,S.,Lafolie,F.,Mary,B.,2003.Europeanjournalofsoilscience,54,555-568[2]Jimenez,J.,Aemig,Q.,Doussiet,N.,Feurgard,I.,Steyer,J.-P.,Patureau,D.,Houot,S.2015b.BioresourceTechnology,194,344-353

95

EnvironmentalimpactofDairyProductionTrendsintheUnitedStatesandRecommendationsforAbatement.Dr.MichaelHolly1,Dr.PeteKleinman1,Dr.AlRotz1,Dr.TamieVeith11USDA-ARS,UniversityPark,UnitedStatesofAmerica

K.ParallelSession3-SubTheme5-Adoption&Impact,OscarWilde,September5,2017,10:30-11:30

DairyintheUShasshiftedtowardslargerdairieswithconfinementandmanurestorages,impactingtheenvironment.¹²³Theremainingdairiesaremorelikelytohavealternativemanagementstrategiesanddifferentdegreesofnutrientmanagement.⁴Thisstudycomparedfarmstrategies,bestmanagementpracticeadoption,andsimulatedenvironmentalimpactofthemajordairyproductionregionsintheUnitedStates.TheAgriculturalResearchManagementSurveywasusedtodeterminethedistributionandcharacteristicsoffivecommonfarmingstrategies(confinement,semi-confinement,organic,Amish,andmanagementintensiverotationalgrazingMIRG)commontothefivetopmilkproducingstates.DairyfarmswerethensimulatedwiththeIntegratedFarmSystemModelIFSMtoevaluatemanagementimpactstothewholefarmincludingproductivity,labor,environmentallossesofNandP,andgreenhousegasemission.Agronomicpractice,climate,andsoiltypearecriticalvariablesindeterminingmilkproductionandnutrientflowsthroughthefarm.Resultsfromthestudywillbeusedtoidentifyrecommendationsforfeasiblebestmanagementpracticestodecreaseenvironmentalconstraintswithoutimpactingprofitmargins.1. Blayney,D.TheChangingLandscapeofU.S.MilkProduction.(2002).2. Macdonald,J.etal.Profits,Costs,andtheChangingStructureofDairyFarming.(2007).3. Cross,J.RestructuringAmerica’sdairyfarms.(2006).4. Brock,C.&Barham,B.Farmstructuralchangeofadifferentkind.(2008).

96

ChallengesofkitchenwastecollectionfordecentralizedsystemsDr.DirkManns1,JessicaSchermuly1,Dr.LarsKjerulfPetersen2,PDDr.habil.InaKörner11HamburgUniversityofTechnology,Hamburg,Germany,2AarhusUniversity,Aarhus,Denmark


DECISIVEproposestheimprovementoftheorganiccyclethroughdecentralizedbiowastemanagement.Keyelementsarelocalmicro-scalebiogasfacilitieswithacapacityofupto200Mg/a.Localpopulationandcommerce’sarethebioresourceproviders.Thepaperfocusesonfoodwastefromhouseholdsonlyandsummarizesthechallengesofitscollectionresultingfromthetransitionintoadecentralizedsystem.Thestate-of-the-artofEuropeanwastemanagementsystemswassystematizedforbiogenicfractionsandevaluatedregardingtransitiondemands.AninventoryforEuropeanhouseholdfoodwastewascarriedoutandimplementedintoaGIS-basedsystem.Amodelforthecollectionchainfromhouseholdstomicro-scalefacilitieswasdeveloped.ForthespecificregionofHamburg,Germany,stakeholderswereinterviewedwithrespecttodemandsforthedesignofapracticablesystemandconclusionsdrawnfortheimplementationofsuchasystem.ThefoodwastegenerationinEuropeanhouseholdsvariessignificantlybetweenapproximately60and120kg/capita&a.Regardingfoodwastecollection,actuallythreebasictypescanbedistinguishedforEurope:thefoodwasteis,dependingfromthecollectiontype,containedinmixedwaste,inmixedbiowaste,ornearlypurely.Fortransitionintodecentralizedsystemsmajorchangesofpeople’swastecollectionbehaviorsarenecessaryespeciallyforthefirsttwotypes.Theoverallcollectionchainuptothebiogasfacilityincludes,besidegenerationandcollectioninhouseholds,furtherelementssuchasstorage,intermediatecollectionandtransport.SelectedstakeholdersfromtheHamburgregion,connectedtothetransitiondirectlyorindirectly,wereinterviewedandassignedtofollowingsectors:publicorprivatewastemanagement,wastetreatment,urbandevelopers,housingassociations,facilitymanagers/servicetechnicians,NGOs/environmentalorganisations.Answersweregivenbytheintervieweestotechnical,economic,socialandlegislativeissues.Theresultsgaveinformationbeyondcommonliteraturestudies.Amicro-scalebiogasfacilitywillrequirethefoodwasteofabout80to3500citizens.Theresultsfromtheinventoriesandinterviewsareofimportancefortheimplementationofpracticabledecentralizedsystemsandarebasicsfordesigningaregionalspatialapproachfordecentralizedurbanbiowastevalorizationnetworks.FundedbyEUHORIZION2020DECISIVE-project(Adecentralizedmanagementschemeforinnovativevalorizationofurbanbiowaste,GrantAgreement689229).

97

EnvironmentalregulationsofdairyeffluentmanagementinSouthAmericancountriesMrsVeronicaCharlon1,MrJulioCesarPascalePalhares2,MrsMariaAlejandraHerrero3,MrAlejandroLaManna4,MrFranciscoSalazar51InstitutoNacionalDeTecnologíaAgropecuaria,EstaciónExperimentalRafaela.R.34Km227(2300)Rafaela,Argentina,2EmpresaBrasileiradePesquisaAgropecuaria.EmbrapaPecuáriaSudeste,SaoCarlos,Brazil,3UniversidaddeBuenosAires.Fac.Cs.Veterinarias,Av.Chorroarin280(1427),BuenosAires,Argentina,4InstitutoNacionaldeInvestigaciónAgropecuaria.LaEstanzuelaR.50Km11.70000,Colonia,Uruguay,5InstitutodeInvestigacionesAgropecuarias,CentroRegionaldeInvestigaciónRemehue,Osorno,Chile


Safeguardingecosystemsandnaturalresourcesinfood-producingcountriesisapressingissue.WorldwideresearchanddevelopmenthavebeenconductedtoimplementBestManagementPracticesandregulationofdairyeffluentmanagement.TheobjectiveofthisstudywastocompareenvironmentalregulationsofdairyeffluentmanagementinArgentina,Brazil,ChileandUruguayandtoidentifybestmanagementpractices.Theanalysisofdairyslurryandmanureregulationswasbasedonpublishedliterature,lawsandnormsofeachcountrytogetherwithexpertjudgmentofresearchersworkinginthisarea.Inaddition,informationwasanalyzedanddiscussedinaWorkshoponEnvironmentalIndicatorsinAnimalProduction[1].Allcountriesanalyzedhavegeneralenvironmentallegislation,whichisfocusedontheprotectionofinhabitantsandnaturalresources.Furthermore,insomecountriesspecificregulationsrelatedtoeffluentmanagementanduse(Argentina,BrazilandUruguay)werepublished,withingeographicalscope(e.g.provincesorstates).Theareaswiththehighestregionalcattleconcentrationarethemostadvancedintheimplementationofalegalframework(e.g.livestockeffluentapplicationinArgentinaandUruguay).Theimplementationofspecificregulationshasbeenmainlypromotedduetosocietydemandsandpollutionincidents..Ontheotherhand,therearepublic-privateinitiatives,suchastheCleanerProductionAgreements(Chile)andtheuseofariskmatrix(Uruguay),whichencourageabetteruseandmanagementofdairyeffluent.Inaddition,milkcompaniesimplementedabonuswithinthemilkpricefortheownproducersthatmeettheformer´senvironmentalstandards,whichincludedeffluentmanagement(ArgentinaandChile).TherearegeneralregulationsfortheprotectionofnaturalresourceswithintheSouthAmericancountries.Recently,Argentina,UruguayandBrazilhaveimplementedspecificregionregulationsfordairyeffluentmanagement.Somecountrieshavepublic-privateincentivesforusingBestManagementPractices.Investmentininfrastructureandequipmentaccompaniedbypublicpoliciesisneeded.WethankCONICYT-Chile(REDES150086)forfundingtheresearchnetwork“ManureSouth”.[1]Workshop“OpportunitiesandenvironmentalandlegalconstraintsforlivestockproductionandcompetitiveSouthernCone”washeldduringthe37thAAPACongress-2ndJointMeetingASAS-AAPA,XXXIXCongressoftheChileanSocietyofAnimalProduction.21thOctober2014.BuenosAires,Argentina.DOI:10.13140/RG.2.2.36364.10887

98

ManuremanagementindairyfarmsinArgentinaandBrazil:perceptionsanddemandsfromdairyprofessionalsandfarmersDra.MaríaAlejandraHerrero1,Vet.AnaValeriaGonzálezPereyra1,Mag.VerónicaCharlón2,MSc.AnaMaríaPereyra3,Vet.MarcosBontá1,Dr.JulioC.PascalePalhares41UniversidaddeBuenosAiresFacultaddeCienciasVeterinarias,BuenosAires,Argentina,2InstitutoNacionaldeTecnologíaAgropecuaria.INTAEEARafaela,Rafaela,Argentina,3UniversidaddeBuenosAires,FacultaddeAgronomía,BuenosAires,Argentina,4EmbrapaPecuáriaSudeste,SaoCarlos,Brazil


InseveralSouthAmericancountriesnewregulationsformanuremanagementareemerging.Farmersandprofessionalsshowincreasinglyinterestinagronomicuseofanimalmanureandneedspecialtrainingforitsresponsiblemanagement.InthispaperwepresenttheresultsofsurveysthatevaluateproducersandprofessionalsperceptionsanddemandsindairyareasinArgentinaandBraziltodevelopregionalguidelines.Surveys(300)weresentbyemailtoparticipantsofpreviousstudiesdatabasefrommaindairyareasinbothcountries.Inclusioncriteriawereherdsize(>80milkingcows)andproductionlevel(>15kgmilk/cow/day),valuesabove80%ofcountriesnationalsstatistics.Questions(7)wereclosedwithsingleresponseand5-pointLikertscale[1].Issuesrelatedtowaterqualityandpollution,odourgeneration,fertilizervalue,pathogensimpactandbiogasproductionwereaddressed.Amultiplecorrespondencesfactorialanalysis(MCA)wasperformed(p<0.05).Atotalof143surveyswerecompleted.Thirtythreepercentoftherespondentsweredairyfarmers,32%wereprofessionals,whereastheremaining35%workedinrelatedactivitiesinmilkproductionsystems.Overall,alargemajorityofrespondentsinallregionsfeltthateffluentlagooncontributestowaterpollution(>80%)andpathogentransmission(51%).Participantswerenearlyequallydividedregardingtreatmentofdairywastesthroughbiogasandhowwaterqualityaffectedmanuremanagementpractices.Therewasaconsiderableagreementastoconsidermanureagoodfertilizer(55%).Concernoverlackofequipmentformanuremanagement(67%)anduseguidelines(54%)werehighlightedbyrespondentsfromArgentinaandBrazilwhilethemainreasonsfornotreusingdairyeffluentsinbothcountriesarethecumbersomemanagementandlackofknowledge.FiveclusterswereobtainedaftertheMCA.Norelationshipswerefoundbetweenadditionalvariablesasprofession,locationandpossibleuse.Thesurveydemonstratedinterestacrossregionsinmanagingdairywastesanddespitedifferencesinproductionsystemsthreeprioritieswereidentified:needforabestmanagementhandbook,increasedinvestmentinequipmentandtechnologiesandincreasedaccesstolaboratoryanalyses.ForCONICYT_Chileforfunding“ManureSouthNetworkProject”,UBA-CyTprogramproject498BA)andalltheproducersandprofessionalsinvolved.[1]Lickert,R.1932.ArchivesofPsychology140,44-53[2]Heimlich,J.E.,andArdoin,N.M.2008.EnvironmentalEducationResearch14,215–237

99

NormativemanuresystemasatooltowardsenhancedmanureuseinFinlandSariLuostarinen1,JuhaGrönroos2,MaaritHellstedt3,JouniNousiainen41NaturalResourcesInstituteFinlandLuke,Helsinki,Finland,2FinnishEnvironmentInstituteSYKE,Helsinki,Finland,3NaturalResourcesInstituteFinlandLuke,Seinäjoki,Finland,4NaturalResourcesInstituteFinlandLuke,Jokioinen,Finland


Scientifically-baseddataonmanurequantity,qualityandmanagementisoftenscarcenationally,letaloneinternationally.Since2013,Finlandhasupdateditsmanuredataviafarmsurveysandbydevelopinganormativemanuresystemtobeusedforcalculatingmanurequantityandquality.Thesystemandtheresultingnewdataformanimportanttooltowardsenhancedmanureuse.Normativemanuresystemcalculatesmanurequantityandqualityasamassbalance.Itincludes74animalcategories(production,breed,age)anddistinguishesbetweenfaecesandurineexanimalandslurry,farmyardmanure,deeplitter,dungandurineexhousingandexstorage.Resultsperanimal(place)ornumberofanimalsarecalculatedformass,dryandorganicmatter,mainnutrientsandgaseousemissions(t/a),nutrientsalsoaskg/t.Thebackgrounddataisfromscientificliteratureanddirectlyfromfarmers.ThefirstversionoftheFinnishnormativemanuresystemwillbepublishedin2017withEnglishdocumentation.Theresultingmanuredatacanbeusede.g.inemissioninventories,calculatinganimalunitsforenvironmentalpermitting,settingminimumstoragecapacityandinnutrientbalances.Henceitdirectlyaffectsfarmpractices.Itmayalsobeusedasbasisformanurefertilisation.Thesystemprovidesuniform,updatedmanuredataforallstakeholdersregulating,developingandmanagingmanure.Italsoformsbasisforplanningresource-efficientnutrientrecyclinge.g.inanovelweb-toolportrayingFinnishmanurespatiallyandinrelationtoregionalnutrientneed(beingbuilt).Still,thesystemneedsfurtherdevelopment.Especiallyexcretioncalculationandaccuracyoffeedingdata(recommendationvs.actualonfarms)iscrucial.Also,dataonbeddingandwateradditionsmustbestrengthenedandlossofdrymatterandevaporationofwaterfrommanurecalculatedmoreprecisely.Normativemanuresystemisausefultoolforsupportingenhancedmanureusefrompolicymakingtopracticalfarming.Itmergeslargedatasetsandservesuniform,updatedinformationonnational,regionalandfarm-specificlevelforallstakeholdersinvolved.Highvariationinfarmingpractices,however,poseschallengestogeneralisationoftheresults.WethankFinnishMinistryoftheEnvironment(financerofthesystem)andMinistryofAgricultureandForestry(supportingfurtherdevelopment).

100

NitrogenFlowinanOrganicallyManagedBeefFarminHokkaido,JapanProfMasayukiHojito1,Ms.YokoADACHI1,Mr.YutakaONO1,Dr.HidekiOGASAWARA1

1KitasatoUniversity,FieldScienceCenter,Towada,Japan


Theobjectivesofthestudyweretoestimate(1)theNpoolintheYakumoFarm’ssoil,(2)Nuptakebygrassgrowth,includingNfixedbyclover,(3)wetanddryNdeposition,(4)Nexportedinmeat,and(5)theamountofNappliedincompostedmanure,and(6)todeterminethetotalNbalanceoftheenterprise.WemeasuredNstocksandflowsonthefarmasfollows.1) Grassproduction(internalflow)2) Nitrogenfixation(inputflow):Nitrogenfixationbycloverwasmeasuredbythe“cloveruprooting”method.3) SoilN(stock)4) Compostedmanureapplication(internalflow)5) Beddingmaterial(inputflow)6) Precipitationanddeposition(inputflow)7) Meatproduction(outputflow)NitrogenbalancecalculationThefinalannualnitrogenbalanceonthefarmwascalculatedasfollows:Balance=Inputs–OutputsAveragedover2008to2011or2012,theNcomponentsonthe220haofgrasslandcomprised1952MgsoilNstock(in2011),3.2MgNinlivinglivestock,14.3MgNuptakebygrassgrowth(including8.6MgofNfixedbyclover),15.7MgNappliedincompostedmanure,1.7MgNinimportedbeddingmaterial,2.8MgNindeposition,and1.41MgNinmeatproduction.Ningrassproductionequaledabout0.7%,ofwhichcloverfixationsupplied60%;Ndepositionwasnotnegligible;andNexportbymeatproductionwasminor.TheseresultsshowthatontheorganicallymanagedYakumoFarm,soilNstockincreasedgradually(by8.6MgNyr−1=39kgNha−1),Nexportwasrelativelysmall,andNfixationbycloverisimportantforgrassproduction.TheNbalanceofYakumoFarmshowsthatthefarm’sorganicmanagementmaintainsaclosetobalancedflowofNonthefarm.ThesoilNstockshowedagradualannualincrease(8.59MgNyr−1=39kgNha−1=0.44%ofNstock).HojitoMetal2016:NitrogenFlowinanOrgniallyManagedBeefFarminHokkaido,SSPNdoi.org/10.1080/00380768.2016.1203730HojitoMetal2010:AmmoniaexchangeongrasslandsinanintensivedairyingregionincentralJapan.SoilSci.PlantNutr.,56,503–511.

102

ManuremanagementinFrance:areviewofcurrentdataavailableforpoultry,cattleandpigproductionMsLaurenceLoyon11Irstea,Rennes,France


Manuremanagementisthecentralissueofenvironmentalpoliciesrelatedtowaterandairquality.However,thereislittlepublisheddataonmanuremanagementinthedifferentcountriesconcernedbysuchpollutions.TheaimofthispaperistogathertheavailabledataonmanuremanagementinFrancefortheTaskGroup"Countrymanureprofiles"oftheRamiranNetwork.Thedatapresentedherearemainlybasedonthe2010AgriculturalCensus,thelivestockfarmsurveysin2008andotherdocumentsformanuretreatment(professionalsurveys,expertreportsandtechniques).Thedatawillbesummarizedbyproductionandmanuremanagementstage(building,storage,treatmentandspreading).Cattle,pigandpoultrylivestockproduceonfarm(pasturelandnotincluded)around120milliontonsofmanureperyear(60.6%solidmanure,38.8%slurry,theremainderbeingpoultrydroppings)whichgive1.6milliontonsoforganicNand0.2milliontonsofPperyear.Solidmanureismainlystoredintemporaryfieldheaps.Formanurestorageonfarmtheminimumcapacityvariesfrom45daysto7.5monthsdependingonfarmsizeandtypeofanimals,timespentoutsidethebuildingsandthegeographicallocation.Coverstorage(rigid,natural)concerned17%ofthetotalusefulvolumeofpigslurry,45%ofcattleslurryand39%ofpoultryslurry.Coveredstorageofsolidmanureisrarelyusedinpigandcattlefarmwhile27%ofsolidmanure/droppingpoultrystorageareasarecovered.Manuretreatmentwhichaccountsfor13.6milliontonsismainlybycompostingandaerobictreatment.25.3%ofpigfarmsspreadslurrybyabandspreaderorincorporationand58.2%byabroadcastspreader.Slurryinjectionforpigandcattleisaround11%ofpigslurry(volume)and2.6%ofcattleslurry.Themainmodeofmanuremanagementisstorage(inbuildingandpit)andspreading.Treatmentofmanureandtheuseoftechniquestoreducegaseousemissions(frequentevacuationofmanure,pitcover,injection)arenotwidespreadorpoorlydocumented

103

Measurementandabatementofammoniaemissions(NH3)fromnaturallyventilateddairycowhouseconcretefloorsurfacesundersimulatednorth-westEuropeanconditionsDrJohnMcIlroy1,DrKarenMcGeough1,DrRonaldLaughlin1,DrRachaelCarolan11Agri-FoodAndBiosciencesInstitute,Belfast,NorthernIreland

L.ParallelSession4-SubTheme3-GaseousEmissions,McLure1,September6,2017,09:00-10:30

Followingmechanicalscrapingofconcretewalkwaysindairy/cattlehouses,athinfilmofslurry(c.2mm)isleftbehindfromwhichNH3emissionscontinue.TheapplicationofadditivestothisemittinglayerhasthepotentialtoreduceNH3volatilisationfromhousingsurfacesbyabatingthepeakNH3fluxassociatedwithureahydrolysiswhichoccurs1-6hoursafterexcretadeposition.Adynamicflow-throughchamberbasedapproachwithphotoacousticgasanalysiswasusedtodeterminetheNH3abatementpotentialof10additivesappliedtodairycowurine(0.8kg)anddung(1.2kg)coveringaconcretesurface(1m2)simulatingthe2mmslurrylayerleftbehindafterscraperoperation.NH3emissionsweremonitoredfor24hourswith4experimentalrunsconductedforeachadditive.Theexperimentaltemperaturewassetat12°C,atemperatureconsideredrepresentativeofNWEuropeanwinterhousingconditions.PeakNH3fluxesfromfreshdairycowslurryoccurredatapproximately3-5hourspostapplication,peakingat133mgNH3-Nm-2hour-1.SixadditivesproducednosignificantdifferenceinNH3emissionscomparedwiththecontroltreatment(slurryonly)at6,12or24hoursafterexcretaandadditiveapplication:Clinoptilolite(zeolite);eugenol;Agrotain(NBPTureaseinhibitor);doubleureaseinhibitor;Envirobed(paperbedding);andsawdust.AcidificationoftheslurrylayertopH6offerssignificantpotentialforcost-effectivelyabatingNH3emissionsfromcattlehousingsurfacesbyincreasingtheNH4+:NH3ratio.AluminiumsulphateisthemostsuccessfulatabatingNH3emissions,particularlyafter6hours(80%NH3abatement),whereitsefficacyisgreatestrelativetotheotheracidifiers.Alumisfollowedcloselybycalciumchloride(74%)andsulphuricacid(69%).Actisan,acommerciallyavailablebiocidalbeddingdisinfectant,isalsoeffective(59%),althoughatahighereconomiccostthantheacidifiers.Itisproposedthattoautomateadditiveapplicationwithinexistingcattlehousing,mechanicalwalkwayscrapers,orroboticscrapers,withthecapabilitytospraywaterinthewakeofthescrapingactioncouldbeadaptedtosprayliquidadditivesonwalkwaysurfaces.Thisstudywassupportedbyagrant(RSF13/S/430)fromtheDepartmentofAgriculture,FoodandtheMarine(Rep.Ireland).

104

Impactoftheexperimentaldesignonthequantificationofgaseousemissionsduringthestorageofsoliddigestate:alab–scalestudyDrRomainGirault1,PatriciaSaint-casta1,GuillaumeNunes1,FabriceGuiziou11Irstea-UROPAALE,Rennes,France


SolidorganicwastestoragecanleadtogaseousemissionssuchasNH₃,N₂O,CH₄andCO₂(Pardoetal.,2015).Toquantifytheseemissions,differentmethodsareemployedfrompilot-scaleexperimentstoreal-scalemonitoring.Theobjectiveofthisstudyistoinvestigatetheimpactoftheexperimentalscaleonthequantificationofgaseousemissionsduringnon-dynamicstorageofsoliddigestates.Storageexperimentswereimplementedwithvariousexperimentalscales:fromnon-insulated5Ltoinsulated300Lvessels.Foursoliddigestateswereconsideredforstorageexperiments.Ammonia,nitrousoxide,carbondioxideandmethaneemissionsweremonitoredusinganinfraredmulti-gasmonitor(combinedwithacid-trapsforammonia).Toexplaintheseresults,thismonitoringwascombinedwithphysical-chemicalparametersanalysestoallowtheinvestigationofthefateofcarbonandnitrogenasafunctionoftheexperimentalscale.Resultshighlightthatthetemperatureinthestorageheapandthebiologicalfateofcarbonandnitrogenarestronglyimpactedbytheexperimentalscale.However,resultsshowthattotalammoniaemissionsarenotsignificantlyimpactedbytheexperimentalscale,whateverthetemperatureintotheheap.However,emissionkineticsarestronglyimpactedbythisparameter.N₂Oemissionsarestronglyimpactedbytheexperimentalscaletoo,becauseofitsimpactontemperatureelevationintotheheap.Hence,nitrificationisstronglyinhibitedwhentemperaturereaches40°C(Caceresetal.,2006).CO₂andCH₄emissionsarestronglyimpactedbytheexperimentalscale.Thisresultshighlightsthattheseemissionsarestronglydependentoncompostingprocesseswhichcanspontaneouslytakeplaceinthestorageheap.Whatevertheexperimentalscale,CH₄emissionsarelessthan0.2%ofthetotalcarbonemitted.Thisresultshowsthatwhatevertheexperimentalscale,degradationprocessesaremainlyaerobic.Resultsshowthat,exceptfortotalammoniaemissions,N₂O,CH₄andCO₂emissionsarestronglyimpactedbytheexperimentalscale.ConcerningNH₃emissions,onlytheirkineticsareimpacted.Theseresultsallowthedefinitionoftherequiredexperimentaldesigntoallowareliableestimationofgaseousemissionsduringsolidwastestorage.ThisstudywaspartoftheRemiprophyteprogramwhichissupportedbytheFrenchEnvironmentandEnergyAgency(ADEME).Caceres,R.etal.,2006,Changesinthechemicalandphysicochemicalpropertiesofthesolidfractionofcattleslurryduringcompostingusingdifferentaerationstrategies.WasteManagement,26(10),1081-1091.Pardo,G.etal.(2015).Gaseousemissionsfrommanagementofsolidwaste:Asystematicreview.GlobalChangeBiology,21(3),1313-1327.

105

TheeffectofacidificationfrequencyonpHstabilityandammoniaemissionsfromhouse-storedpigslurryMr.AndersLeegaardRiis1,Mr.KristofferJonassen11SEGES,Copenhagen,Denmark,1MinistryofEnvironmentandFoodofDenmark,,


Background&ObjectivesThepresentstudywascarriedouttoinvestigatetheeffectofdailyortwiceaweekslurrytreatmentwithsulphuricacidontheammoniaemissionsfromafinishingpighouseandthepHstabilityintheslurrykeptinside.Secondarilytheconsumptionofelectricityandsulphuricacidinrelationtothefrequencyofslurrytreatmentweremeasured.Materials&MethodsThetrialwasconductedinclimatechambersatSEGESResearchStationwithfourbatchesoffinishingpigs.Eachclimatechamberconsistedoftwopenswithdrainedandslattedflooringandhoused30pigs.Sixclimatechambersweredividedintothreegroups:G-0werecontrolwithnoslurrytreatment.G-1withdailyslurryacidification.G-2withslurryacidificationtwiceaweek.DatawascollectedforpHintheslurry,consumptionofacidandelectricityandammoniaemission.Results&DiscussionOnaveragethepHoftheslurryinG1andG2was5.46.TheaveragepHforG1measuredbeforeacidificationwas5.60and5.93inG2.TheammoniaemissionfromG1wasonaverage0.058gNH3-N/h/pigandlowercomparedtoG2(0.094gNH3-N/h/pig)andthecontrolgroup(0.15gNH3-N/h/pig).Theeffectofdailyacidificationresultedin62%lowerammoniaemissioncomparedtothecontrolunits.Howeveracidificationtwiceaweekresultedonlyina38%lowerammoniaemissioncomparedtothecontrolunitswhichwasconsiderablelowerthanexpected.BoththeacidandelectricityconsumptionwerehighestinG2comparedtoG1whichwasnotexpected.However,anincreasedamountofslurrywithahigherpHtreatedtwiceaweekresultedinahigheracidandelectricityconsumptioncomparedtoasmalleramountofslurrytreatedeveryday.ConclusionsReducingthefrequencyofacidificationfromdailytotwiceaweekthepHinslurryincreasedfrom5.6to5.9beforenexttreatment.Howeverthereductioninammoniaemissionwasdecreasedfrom62%to38%byreducingthefrequencyoftreatmentandtheacidandelectricityconsumptionwasincreased.

106

ModellingammoniaemissionsfromslurrystorageMsFrancescaPerazzolo1,MrTomMisselbrook2,MsMartinaCattaneo1,MsElisabettaRiva1,MrGiorgioProvolo11Dept.AgriculturalandEnvironmentalSciences-UniversityofMilan,Milano,Italy,2RothamstedResearch,NorthWyke,Okehampton,UnitedKingdom


Ammonia(NH3)emissionsfromslurrystorageshouldbeevaluatedconsideringlocalconditionswhereasinpracticestandardemissionfactorsaregenerallyused.Process-basedemissionmodelsofferanalternative,cost-effectiveapproachforestimatingNH3emissions.Theoverallobjectiveofthisstudywastoevaluatedifferentmodels,pre-existinginliterature,tosimulateNH3emissionfactorsfromdifferentstorageconditions.Theassessmentwascarriedoutusing13modelsfromliterature,ofdifferenttypes[2](mechanisticandstatistical).Acalibrationandvalidationprocedurewassetusing8datasetsobtainedinpreviousexperiments.Themodelaccuracywasassessedbyusingstatisticalindices[1](normalmeansquareerrorNMSE,lineofregressionslopeb,fractionalbiasFB,biasbasedonthevarianceFS,correlationcoefficientR)andscoredbasedonthenumberofindicesthatreachedhighperformances.Themodelstestedgavevariableperformanceswithdifferentdatasetsanditisnotstraightforwardtoselectonemodelthatcanfitalltheconditions.Consideringtheresultsobtaineditwasobservedthatpriorcalibrationsignificantlyimprovedtheoverallscoreofthemodels.Insomecases,themethodologyusedenabledmodeladaptationforuseinspecificconditions.Thebestfittingmodeldiffered,dependingonthedatasetconsidered.However,thestatisticalmodelsgenerallyperformedbetterthanothers,aftercalibration.ThebestcalibratedmodelgivesNMSElowerthan0.15,R>0.9,b=0.95,FB=0.0002,FS=-0.0032.Furthermore,itwasobservedthatmodelsmayevaluetetheeffectofslurrytypologyandtreatmentswhentheseaffectthemodelinputparameters(e.g.pH).Forsomemodelsanddatasetstherewasnoimprovementwithcalibration:this,forexample,maysuggestthatcalibrationparameterswerenotchosenverywellorthatthequalityoftheinitialdatasetwaspoor.ModelsprovedabletopredictNH3emissionsfromdifferentslurrystorageconditionsbetterthanstandardemissionfactors.Useofmodels,whenvalidatedfordifferentconditionsandlocations,canthereforebeasuitablemeanstoimprovethequalityofinventoriesandassesstheeffectofmitigationstrategiesandmanuretreatments.ThestudywascarriedoutwithinRENUWALprojectfinancedbyFondazioneCariplograntn°2014–1279.[1] CortusE.L.,Lemay,S.P.,Barer,E.M.,Hill,G.A.andGodbout,S.2008.BiosystemsEngineering99,390-402.[2]NiJ.,1999.JournalofAgriculturalEngineeringResource72,1-17.

107

AmmoniaemissionsfromnaturallyventilatedbuildingsinIrelandDrWilliamBurchill1,MsFrancescaReville1,DrTomMisselbrook2,DrGaryLanigan11Crops,Environment&LandUseProgramme,TeagascJohnstownCastleEnvironmentResearchCentre,Ireland,,,,2RothamstedResearch-NorthWyke,Okehampton,Devon,UnitedKingdom,,


Currentammonia(NH3)emissionestimatesforIrishcattlehousingarebasedsolelyonUKderivedemissionfactors.ThereisaneedtocreatecountryspecificemissionsfactorstoimproveIreland’sNH3emissioninventory.Theobjectiveofthisstudy,therefore,wastoquantifyNH3emissionsfromfourcattlebuildingsinIreland.Ammoniaemissionsweremeasuredfromfourlivestockfarms(building"A","B","C"&"D")inthesouthofIrelandoverthreewinterhousingperiods(NovtoMarch).Emissionsweremeasuredusingpassivefluxsamplers(Fermtubes)[1]for24-hourperiodson5to7occasionsperbuilding.Thefourbuildingsvariedinfloortype,sizeandthetypeandquantityoflivestockhoused.Emissionsfactorswerecalculatedbydividingdailyfluxesbythenumberoflivestockunitsinthebuilding.TheNH₃emissionfactors(gNH₃-N/lu/d)variedovertimeandbetweenbuildingsandrangedfrom13.4to54.3frombuildingA(mean=34.0,S.D.=15.7;slattedfloors),from1.8to18.4frombuildingB(mean=11.2,S.D.=5.8;slattedfloors),1.3to5.2frombuildingC(mean=3.3,S.D.=1.6;cubicleswithscrapedpassagewayandexternalslurrystorage)andfrom6.3to28.2frombuildingD(mean=14.5,S.D.=8.8;slattedandstrawbeddedfloors).TheoverallmeanNH₃emissionfactorfromthestudywas15.6gNH₃-N/lu/dor7.5%oftotalNexcreted.Thiswassomewhatlowerthanthemeanemissionfactor(34.3gNH₃-N/lu/d)reportedforbuildingswithcubiclesandscrapedalleywaysbutsimilartothosereportedforstraw-beddedbuildings(23.1gNH₃-N/lu/d)intheUK[2].Theoverallemissionfactorexpressedasa%ofTANexcretedwas12.5%.ThisstudyrepresentsthefirstmeasurementsofNH₃emissionsfromcattlebuildingsinIreland,whichcanbeusedtogeneratecountry-specificemissionfactors.Themeanemissionfactorof12.5%ofTANexcretedislowerthanthecurrentlyusedemissionfactorof31%ofTANexcretedinthenationalNH₃inventory.ThisworkwasfundedbytheIrishDepartmentofAgriculture,FoodandtheMarine(GrantnumberRSF13/S/430).[1]Scholtensetal.2004.AtmosphericEnvironment38,3003-3015[2]Misselbrooketal.2015.InventorysubmissionreporttoDefraaspartofprojectSCF0102

108

Greenhousegasesfromcattleslurryinfull-scalestorageduringsummer–crusttreatmentstoreducenitrousoxideemissionsSeniorresearcher,AssociateprofessorLenaRodhe1,LaboratoryengineerJohnnyAscue1,ProjectleaderAdamAlverbäck1,AssociateprofessorÅkeNordberg1,21RISE(ResearchInstitutesofSweden),AgrifoodandBioscience,Box7033,SE-75007Uppsala,Sweden,2SLU,DepartmentofEnergyandtechnology,Box7032,SE-75007Uppsala,


Nitrousoxide(N2O)emissionsfromstoredslurrywithastrawcrustcanexceedmethaneemissionsinglobalwarmingimpact[1].ManuresurfacetreatmentwithsulphuricadditivecandecreaseN2Oemissions[2].Thisstudytestedthehypothesisthattreatingthestrawcrustwith(1)wateror(2)acidreducesN2Oemissions.Adynamicchambertechnologywasalsoevaluated.Infull-scalestorageofcattleslurry,emissionsofN2O,methane(CH4)andcarbondioxide(CO2)weremeasuredonnineoccasionsfromMaytoSeptemberwithadynamicchamber.Threeslurrycrusttreatmentswereexamined:A)Control,notreatment,B)moisteningandC)acidification.Inthestoragefacility,thetreatmentswereorganisedasacompleterandomisedblockdesignwiththreeblocks.Themeasuringchamberwasmovedbetweenfloatingframeswhenmeasuring.Dailymeanandcumulativeemissionswerecalculatedfortheseason.TherewerenosignificantdifferencesbetweentreatmentsincumulativeN2OorCH4emissions.However,theacid-treatedcrustsurfacegavethelowestN2Ofluxes.Theacid-treatedcrustgeneratedsignificantlyhigherCO2emissionsthanothertreatments,whichwasunsurprisingasaciddrivesoutCO2fromthebicarbonatebufferingsystem.Ingeneral,N2Oemissionsfromtheratherthickcrust(0.2-0.6m)werelowwithaveragefluxesof0.019,0.025and0.012gN2O-Nm-2d-1fortreatmentA,BandC,respectively.Thecrusthadaverysmoothsurface,possiblybecauseoftheshortchoplengthofthestraw(median23mm).TheCH4fluxesmeasuredbydynamicchamberwereonaverageabouttentimeshigher(16.7,12.7and13.2gCH4-Cm-3,day-1),fortreatmentA,BandC,respectivelythanthoseearliermeasuredinpilotstorageunitswithundisturbedcrusts,probablyduetogasoutletscreatedbytheframe.Short-chopstrawusedin-houseformedasmoothcrustoverstoredslurry,givinglowN2OemissionsduringApril-September.CrusttreatmentwithwateroraciddidnotdecreaseN2OorCH4emissions,butacidtreatmentincreasedCO2emissions.ThechambertechniquegavehigheremissionscomparedtoearlierSwedishdata.FinancialsupportbytheSwedishBoardofAgricultureisgratefullyacknowledged.[1]Rodhe,L.,AbubakerJ.,Ascue,J.,Pell,M.andNordberg,Å.2012.BiosystemsEngineering113,379-394[2]GioelliF.,DinuccioE.,Cuk,D.,RollèL.andBalsariP.2016.AnimalProductionScience56,343-349

109

FertilizerpotentialandenvironmentalbenefitsoftheuseofsourceseparatedhumanurineasfertilizerDrEeva-LiisaViskari1,MsRiikkaVilpas2,MsSuviLehtoranta21TampereUniversityOfAppliedSciences,Tampere,Finland,2FinnishEnvironmentInstitute,Helsinki,Finland

M.ParallelSession4-SubTheme2-CropProduction&SubTheme4-Soil&WaterQuality,McCarthy,September6,2017,09:00-10:30

Sourceseparatedhumanurineisanutrientrichbiomass,butnotacceptedorpromotedasafertilizerinmanyEuropeancountries.Inthisstudy,thefertilizerpotentialofurinewasstudiedforthefirsttimeinFinland.Theaimwastoacquirescientificdataoftheenvironmentalbenefitsandfertilizerefficiencyofseparatedurineandindicateitssafetyandefficiency.Thefertilizerefficiencyofsource-separatedandstoredurine[1]wastestedintwofield-scaleexperimentsusingbarley(Hordeumvulgare)astestplant.Themicrobialquality,nutrientandelementcontentaswellaspharmaceuticalsandhormoneswereanalysed.Environmentalimpactsofsourceseparationofurinewerestudiedbyusingcomparativelifecycleassessment(LCA)[2,3].Theamountofnutrientsproducedbyonepersonperyearwaschosenasafunctionalunit.Massbalancecalculationwasusedtodeterminethenutrientpotentials.TheNPK-ratioofurine20-1.2-4wassimilartoacommercialmineralfertilizer.StoredurinecontainednopathogenindicatorsSalmonellaorE.coliandtheconcentrationsofharmfulmetalswerebelowlimitvalues[4].Basedontheseindicatorsurinefulfilledthecriteriaoffertilizerproducts.Furthermore,urinehadasimilarfertilizereffectasmineralfertilizer.Thetotalbarleyyieldwasequallygoodinbothurineandmineralfertilizertreatmentandmarkedlyhighercomparedtotheyieldwithoutfertilization.Pharmaceuticalsandhormoneswerefoundinurinesamples,butnotinsoilorbarleygrainattheendofthegrowingseason.NutrientpotentialandenvironmentalbenefitsofurinesourceseparationwereclearlyshownintheLCAanalysis.Ifsourceseparationsystemswouldbeappliedinruralareas,asmuchasfourtimesmorephosphorusandovertentimesmorenitrogencouldberecoveredandeutrophicationimpactreducedtoonefifth.Basedontheresultsofthisstudy,fertilizerefficiency,environmentalandeconomicbenefitssupportthesourceseparationandfertilizeruseofhumanurine.Therefore,theacceptanceofurineasfertilizerproductandalternativetechnologiesfornutrientrecoveryshouldbepromoted.ThisresearchwasfundedbytheRAKI-programoftheMinistryofEnvironment,Finland.[1]WHO,2006.Guidelinesforthesafeuseofwastewater,excretaandgreywater-Volume4.[2]ISO14040,2006.[3]ISO14044,2006.[4]MinistryofAgricultureandForestryFinland,2011,DecreeonFertiliserProducts,24/11.

110

OptimalplacementofpelletedorganicfertilizersDrSofiaDelin1,DrLenaEngström1,DrAnneliLundkvist21SwedishUniversityofAgriculturalSciences,Skara,Sweden,2SwedishUniversityofAgriculturalSciences,Uppsala,Sweden


Background&ObjectivesOrganicfarmersoftenuseawiderrowdistanceof25cmtoenablemechanicalweedingbetweenthecroprows.Inthisstudy,wewantedtoevaluatewhetherplacementoffertilizers(i)closetothecrop,and(ii)atdifferentdepthsofincorporationwouldincreasecropyieldswhenusingarowdistanceof25cm.Materials&MethodsSixfieldexperimentswerecarriedoutinoatsonsiltyclayandsandyloaminSweden(58°N,13°E)during2014-2016.Thetreatmentsinvolvedplacementofpelletedmeatbonemealatthreeincorporationdepths(0,4and6cm)andthreedistancesfromcroprow(0,4and12.5cm).Theywerecomparedtosurfacebroadcasting,mineralNfertilizerandanunfertilizedcontrol.Eachplotwas0.7m²andsownandfertilizedbyhand.Results&DiscussionOnbothsoiltypes,fertilizerplacement4cmfromthecroprowimprovedyieldeffectwith50-250%or500kg/hacomparedtoplacement12.5cmfromthecroprow(p<0.05).Ontheclaysoil,fertilizerincorporationto4cmdepthledto40%or700kg/hahigheryieldeffectthanincorporationtoonly1cm(p=0.003),whereasnoeffectsofincorporationdepthwerefoundonthesandysoil.Placementoffertilizertogetherwithseedswasnotfavourable,asitgavesimilaryieldasbroadcastingwithshallow(1cm)incorporation.Withtheoptimalplacement4cmfromrowandat4cmdepth,yieldwas700-1000kg/hahighercomparedtobroadcasting.However,ifmechanicalweedingisperformedwithsoilcultivationbetweenrows,effectsoffertilizerplacementmaybedifferent,sincethismayfavourmineralizationofpelletsplacedbetweenrows.ConclusionPlacementofpelletedmeatbonemeal4cmfromcroprowandwith4cmincorporationgavethelargestyieldandincreasedyieldeffectwith50%orupto1000kg/hacomparedtobroadcastingforanapplicationrateof60kgN/ha.AcknowledgementThisstudywasfinancedbySLUEkoforsk.

111

Anaerobicco-digestionofcattlemanureandstrawcausessulphateimmobilisationinsoilirrespectiveofdigestiontemperatureDrPeterSørensen1,MrMdKamalHossain2,DrHenrikB.Møller21AarhusUniversity,DepartmentofAgroecology,Tjele,Denmark,2AarhusUniversity,DepartmentofEngineering,Tjele,Denmark


ByanaerobicdigestionmanuresulphurislostmainlyasH₂Sinthebiogaswhereaslossesofnitrogenarenegligible.MostofthelostSisnormallycapturedingasfiltersandcanbereturnedtothedigestedmanure.WepresentaninvestigationofeffectsofmanuredigestiontemperatureandoriginofinoculumonnetNandSavailabilityinsoilCattleslurrymixedwith3%strawwasdigestedin10-30m3continuousflowdigestersat34or51°Ccomparinginoculatesfromfourdifferentbiogasplantsrunningatthesametemperatures.TotalN,totalS,NH4-NandSO4-Ninmanureswereanalysedbeforeandafterdigestion.DynamicsofinorganicNandSinaloamysandsoilwasinvestigatedinalaboratoryincubationstudyoveraperiodof12weeksat20°CafterapplicationofdigestedandundigestedmanuresAtotalsulphurbalanceindicatedthat22%totalSinmanurewaslostinthebiogasat51°Cdigestionandabout28%at34°C.However,theproportionofmanureSfoundasSO₄-Swashigh,around28%inalldigestedand23%inundigestedmanures.AfterapplicationofdigestedmanurestosoilasimilarhighimmobilisationofSO₄wasobservedwithinthefirstweekleavingonly3%oftotalmanureSassulphateand6-7%after12weeks.LessmanureSwasappliedafterdigestionduetothelossinbiogas.AfterapplicationofuntreatedslurrylessSimmobilsationwasobservedand12%manureSwasavailableafteroneweekand14%after12weeks.ThestudyshowsincreasedriskofSdeficiencywithdigestionunlessSfromfiltersisreturnedandutilizedefficiently.40%undigestedand55-59%digestedmanureNwasinorganicafter12weeksinsoilCattleslurrydigestiontemperatureandinoculumoriginhadlittleinfluenceonsulphurloss(20-30%totalS)andnoinfluenceonnetreleaseofinorganicnitrogenandsulphurinsoil.AsignificantSO₄immobilisationwasobservedaftersoilapplicationofdigestedmanurescausinghigherriskofcropsulphurdeficiencyThestudywassupportedbytheWorldBank,InnovationFundDenmarkandtheGylle-ITproject

112

Pathogensurvivalinanaerobicco-digestionofslurrywithorganicwasteMrStephenNolan1,2,DrFionaBrennan2,ProfOwenFenton2,DrKarlRichards2,DrDeclanBolton4,Assoc.Prof.EndaCummins5,Assoc.Prof.TheodeWaal3,Assoc.Prof.BryanMarkey3,Assoc.Prof.PaulWhyte3,DrAnnettaZintl3,ProfVincentO'Flaherty1,DrFlorenceAbram1

1Microbiology,SchoolofNaturalSciences,NationalUniversityofIrelandGalway,UniversityRoad,Ireland,2Teagasc,JohnstownCastleResearchCentre,Ireland,3UniversityCollegeDublin,VeterinaryScienceCentre,Belfield,Ireland,4TeagascAshtownFoodResearchCentre,Ashtown,Ireland,5UniversityCollegeDublin,BiosystemsandFoodEngineering,Belfield,Ireland


IntroductionSlurryistypicallymanagedthroughlandspreadingasanorganicfertiliserwithoutpriortreatment.Thismayposeasignificantrisktohumansandanimalsthroughbioaerosolinhalationorpathogencontaminationofsoils,plantsandwatercourses[1].Anaerobicdigestion(AD)plantscanprocessslurrytoproduceenergy.ThisstudyaimstoexaminepathogensurvivalinADofslurrywithorganicwaste.MethodsSlurrywasobtainedfromthreedairyfarms.Triplicate10Lcontinuouslystirredtankreactors(CSTRs;R1-R3)wereoperatedunderconditionsrepresentativeofIrishfarm-basedAD:i.e.37°C,batch-feedingslurryaugmentedwithfats,oilsandgrease(FOG)and28-dayretentiontime.Biogasproduction,pH,chemicaloxygendemand,volatilesolidsandammoniaconcentrationweremeasuredthroughoutthetrial.FaecalcoliformandE.colinumberswerequantifiedusingIDEXXColisurekit.EnterococcilevelsweredeterminedusingIDEXXEnterolertkit.ResultsPathogenindicatorsbelow1000colonyformingunits(cfug-1)arerequiredforADdigestatelandspreading.After28daysofreactoroperation,enterococcinumbersfellbelowthe1000cfug-1threshold,whileE.coliwasnolongerdetectableinthedigestate.Aninitial3-log10reductionofbothcoliformsandE.colioccurredwithin7daysofreactoroperation.Therelativelystablesurvivalthatfolloweduntilday21suggeststhepresenceofpersistentstrainsorcells.Forcomparisonlevelsofpathogenindicatorsinstoredslurrywerestudiedandwhereasonly0.32and0.36-log10reductionswereobservedincoliformandE.colinumbersafter7daysrespectively,enterococcilevelswerefoundtoincrease.Aftertwomonthsofstorage,noneofthebacterialpathogenindicatorsinslurryhaddroppedbelow1000cfug-1,suggestingthatslurrywouldnotbeconsideredsafeforlandspreadingifpathogenindicatorthresholdsrequiredforADwereapplied.ConclusionThisstudydemonstratesthepotentialforADtodecreasepathogenloadsinslurry,whichmayhaveimplicationsforassociatedpublicandveterinaryhealthrisks.OptimisationofADreactoroperationforpathogenreductionisunderway.Digestateandunprocessedslurrywillbelandspreadtocompareriskstoanimalandhumanhealth.AcknowledgementThisworkispartoftheFIRMProject,14F847,fundedbytheIrishDepartmentofAgriculture,FoodandMarine.References[1]BicudoJ.R.&GoyalS.M.2003.Pathogensandmanuremanagementsystems:Areview.EnvironmentalTechnology24:113–5.

113

PhosphorustransformationaffectedbymanureapplicationinalkalinesoilZhengjuanYan1,ShuoChen1,QingChen11CollegeOfResourcesAndEnvironmentalSciences,ChinaAgriculturalUniversity,Beijing,China


ManagingheavilymanuredsoilsfordecreasedPlosstowatersrequiresimprovedunderstandingofthetransformationandreleasecharacteristicsofP.However,littleisknownaboutthisinformationinalkalinesoil.TheobjectiveofthisstudyistodeterminetheimpactofcontinuousmanureapplicationonPtransformationanditsdifferencecomparedtochemicalfertilizersapplicationinalkalinesoil.Thisstudywasconductedbasedonasix-yeargreenhousevegetablefieldexperiment.Fourtreatmentswereinvestigated:(1)C(control),noorganicmanureorchemicalfertilizerapplication;(2)F,onlychemicalfertilizerapplication;(3)MF,organicmanurepluschemicalfertilizerapplication;(4)M,onlyorganicmanureapplication.Soilsamplesweretakenin30-cmincrements,from0to60cm,afterthecropharvestinJune2014.ManureapplicationsignificantlyincreasedtotalorganicP(Po)andtotalinorganicPaccumulationatbothsoildepths,butdecreasedthePo/Pt(Pt,totalP)insurfacesoilrelativetoCtreatment.ManureapplicationhadnosignificanteffectonPtatbothdepths,butincreasedthePo/PtinsurfacesoilrelativetoFtreatment.FractionationresultsshowedthatmanureapplicationsignificantlydecreasedtheproportionofCa-PandincreasedtheproportionsoflabileP(H2O-P+NaHCO3-P)andNaOH-PinPtinsurfacesoil.Furthermore,XANESrevealedthatmanureapplicationprohibitedfurthertransformationofCa-PtomorestablespeciesandincreasedFe-Pproportion.ManureapplicationdecreasedmaximumPsorption,FreundlichsorptioncoefficientandPbuffercapacity,andincreasedequilibriumPconcentrationatzero-netPsorptionanddegreeofPsaturation,whichinturnsignificantdecreasedtheP-retentioncapacities.ManureapplicationsignificantlyloweredpHandincreasedorganicC(OC)andOC/Po.ManureapplicationpromotedsoilPtransformationandrelease,eitherdirectlybyaccumulationofPaddedwiththeappliedmanure,andindirectlyviachangesinsoilproperties.LoweredpHandincreasedOCinmanuredalkalinesoilcontributedtosoilPtransformationandrelease.ThisresearchwasfundedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina(41571281and41601302).

114

SoilamendmenteffectsofbiogasdigestatesDrSusanneEich-Greatorex1,ProfTrineA.Sogn11NorwegianUniversityOfLifeSciences,Ås,Norway


Focusonbiogasproductioninrecentyearshasledtoincreasedproductionofdigestatesasby-productsfromanaerobicdigestion.Digestatesrepresentapotentiallyvaluablesourceofnutrientsandorganicmaterial[1],[2],whichinturnmayinfluencesoilquality.Themainobjectiveofthestudywastodeterminetheeffectofdigestatesonsoilqualitycharacteristics.Afieldexperimentwithdifferenttypesofbiogasdigestateswasconductedonaloamysoilforthreeyears.Thedigestatetreatmentswerecomparedtotreatmentswithmineralfertiliserandmanure.Soilsamplesforchemicalandphysicalanalysisweretakenbothbeforethestartoftheexperimentandattheend.Amongtheparametersdeterminedweretotalcarboncontent,cationexchangecapacity,andwaterretentioncharacteristics(pF).Inaddition,soilrespirationwasdeterminedduringtwogrowingseasons.Fertilisationwithdigestatesachievedyieldswellcomparabletomineralfertiliserandhigherthanmanure.Afterthreeyearsofdigestateapplication,however,littleeffectonsoilchemicalparameterswasfoundcomparedtoinorganicfertiliserormanure.Plant-availablewaterwasslightlydecreasedwhereassmallporesrepresentingwaterunavailableforplantswereincreasedinthedigestatetreatmentscomparedtotheothertreatments.Atthesametime,soilrespirationwasclearlyenhancedbyorganicfertiliseradditionwiththehighestrespirationratesinthemanuretreatmentsandthesecondhighestinthedigestatetreatmentsoverthegrowingseason.Asthedigestatesusedwererelativelylowindrymatterandorganicmattercontent,effectsonsoilqualitymaytakelongertodevelopbuttheincreasedsoilmicrobialactivityrecordedsuggestsapotentialinthelongterm.Digestateisanefficientfertiliserbutshowslimitedeffectonsoilqualityparametersafterthreeyearsofuse.However,repeatedadditionofdigestatesstimulatedsoilmicrobes,whichintimemayleadtopositiveeffectsonsoilquality.FundingwasprovidedbyTheResearchCouncilofNorwayprojectgrant228747/E20.[1]BungayS.,HumphriesM.andStephensonT.2007WaterandEnvironmentJournal21,1-8[2]SmithS.R.,WoodsV.andEvansT.D.1998.BioresourceTechnology66,139-149

115

Economic,environmentalandsocialsustainabilityofbioecosim,aninnovativemanureprocessingtechnologyCoDaatselaar1,EdwardSmeets1,VolkertBeekman1,ElsjeOosterkamp1,JenniferBilbao21WageningenEconomicResearch,TheHague,theNetherlands,2Fraunhofer-InstitutfürGrenzflächen-undBioverfahrenstechnikIGB,Stuttgart,Germany

N.ParallelSession4-SubTheme1-AdvancesinTechnology,OscarWilde,September6,2017,09:00-10:30

Inregionswithintensivelivestockproduction,manurecannotalwaysbeappliedonneighbouringagriculturalfieldsduetostrictenvironmentalregulations.Thus,manuremustbetransportedtootherregionsorprocessedonsite.Theobjectiveofthisstudywastoassesstheeconomic,environmentalandsocialsustainabilityofthemanurevalorisationtechnologyBioEcoSIMcomparedtothreestate-of-the-srt(SoA)manureprocessingsystems.TheBioEcoSIMtechnologyvalorisespigmanureintovaluableproducts:thesolidfractionisconvertedintobiocharandsyngasforheatandpowerproduction,whiletheliquidfractionisprocessedtorecovermineralfertilisersandirrigationwater.IntegratedsustainabilityofBioEcoSIMandthreeStateoftheArt(SoA)systems(longdistancetransport,manureseparationandmanuredrying)wasassessedusingeconomiccost-benefitanalyses,LifeCycleAssessmentandsocialstatisticalpolls.Thethreeaspectsofsustainabilitywereconsideredtobeequallyimportant.ABioEcoSIMsystemprocessing20,000tonmanureperyearperformedbetterinbothenvironmentalandeconomictermsthanthethreeSoAsystems.BioEcoSIMhadlowercostspertonofprocessedrawmanure(15EUR)comparedtoSoAsystems(17to25EUR).Theproducts’netsalesinBioEcoSIMarecomparabletonetcosts(totalcostsminusrevenues)atmanuredisposalpricesof15EUR/tonormore.Moreover,BioEcoSIMcontributedespeciallytothereductionofclimatechange,eutrophication,acidification,andparticulatematterformation.However,fossilenergyuseofBioEcoSIMishighercomparedtothethreeSoAsystemsduetohigheruseofelectricityandnaturalgas.Alsohumantoxicityeffectsarelesspositiveduetotheuseofchemicals.BioEcoSIMhasgoodopportunitiesforsocialappreciationwithfarm-scaleplants,limitedregionaltransportsandsubstantiatedenvironment-friendlinessclaims.ThismakesBioEcoSIMalsomorefavourableonsocialimpactcomparedtoSoAsystems.Withthisstudy,itwasproventhattheBioEcoSIMtechnologyformanurevalorisationperformsbetteronallaspectsofsustainability:economic,environmentalandsocialthanthreeSoAapproaches.Thus,BioEcoSIMcouldbeanattractivecost-effectivealternativetocurrentSoAsystemsinregionswithintensivelivestockproduction.TheresearchleadingtotheseresultshasreceivedfundingfromtheEU'sSeventhFrameworkProgramme(grantagreementn°30863)

116

Evaluationoftheslurrytreatmentsysteminapigfarmbasedonsolid-liquidseparationandcompostingDrMaria-PilarBernal1,MrJoséSáez1,DrRafaelClemente11CEBAS-CSIC,Murcia,Spain


TreatmenttechnologiescanplayaroleinthemanagementofmanuresinN-surplusareas.Compostinghasbeenproposedasapracticalandeconomicalwayofrecyclingtheirorganicmatterandnutrientsforexportingthemfromthesystem.Inthisworktheefficiencyoftheslurrytreatmentsysteminapigfarmbasedonsolid-liquidseparationandcompostinghasbeenevaluated.Thefarmhadaslurrystoragetank,amechanicalsolid-liquidseparationsystem,atankforaerobictreatmentoftheliquidfractionandasolid-surfaceareaforcompostingofthesolidfraction.Compostingwasrunbyturnedwindrowmixingsolidfractionwithcottonginwaste(3:1w:w;C/N18.2).Theefficiencyofthesystemwascalculatedusingasimpleseparationindex;fortheliquidfractiondepurationconcentrationreductionwasused;andmassbalanceforOMandnutrientrecoveryinthecompost.Thefirstmechanicalseparationstep(filterbandandscrewpress)resultedinlowtotalsolids,P,CuandZnseparationefficiencies,whichwereimprovedbytheuseofarotatorysieve(step2)asthesmall-sizedparticlespassedthroughthefilterband[1].However,thehighproportionofNH4+-Ninthepigslurryledtolowseparationefficienciesinbothsteps(28-33%).Theliquidfractiondepurationefficiencywas>85%forVS,TOCandPbutlowforTNandthehighly-solublecomponents(KandNa).Temperatureincreasedquicklyduringcomposting.Themassbalanceindicatedthat44%oftheOMremainedstabilisedinthecompost;theTN,PandKrecoverieswere>77%,indicatinglowlossesduringtheprocess.Theenvironmentalevaluationoftheslurrytreatment[2]showedthesolid-liquidseparationwiththesolidspassivecompostingandaerobictreatmentoftheliquidwasthemostrecommendedstrategyformitigationofGHG.Forhighseparationefficiencies,two-stepseparation(filterbandwithscrewpressandrotatoryfilter)wasrequired.Thecompostingproducedfasttemperaturedevelopment,compostsanitization,lownutrientlossesallowinghighTOC,TNandnutrientsrecoveryinthecompost,anddemonstratedthatcottonginwastewasanadequatebulkingagent.ResearchfundedbyLIFE+Programme(LIFE9-ENV535ES-0453).ThankstoDrs.BustamanteandTortosafortheirhelpintheexperimentalwork.[1]Sáez,J.A.,Clemente,R.,Bustamante,M.A,Yañez,D,Bernal,M.P.2017.JournalofEnvironmentalMonitoring192,57-67.[2]IPCC,2006.GuidelinesforNationalGreenhouseGasInventories.IntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange.

117

SubstitutionofchemicalacidificationbyabiologicalprocesstodissolvephosphorusandproducestruviteupstreamfromanaerobicdigestionofpigslurryMrsMarie-lineDaumer1,2,MrsSylviePicard1,2,MrSimonPiveteau1,2,MrMohamedSaoudi1,21Irstea,Rennes,France,2UniversitéBretagneLoire,Rennes,France


RecyclingPfrompigmanureasacompetitivemineralfertilizerrequirestoseparatePfromtheorganicmatter.Chemicaldissolutionbeforestruvitecrystallizationhadbeensuccessfullytestedbutwasnoteconomicallysustainable[1].ThisworkpresentsaninnovativeapproachforPdissolutionbyabiologicalprocessupstreamfromanaerobicdigestion.Itsimpactonstruvitequalityandenergyproductionwasassessed.Atestassessingthebiologicalphosphorusdissolutionpotential(BPDP)previouslydevelopedforsewagesludge[2]wasperformedonapigslurrycomingfromapigfarm.Fiveco-substratescomingfromananaerobicpigslurrydigestionplantwerecomparedtosucrosefortheirBPDP.TheliquidphasecontainingthedissolvedPwastestedforstruvitecrystallization.Thebiologicalmethaneproductionpotential(BMP)ofthePrecyclingprocessby-productswascomparedtothoseofthesamemixture(co-substrate/pigslurry)withoutPrecycling.Alltheco-substrates(CoS)allowedafinalpHlessthan5.5in24-48h.Afterthebiologicalacidification65-85%ofthetotalPwasdissolved.Thisiscomparabletothefractionchemicallydissolvedinpreviousworks.Thesolid/liquidseparationbyacentrifugedecanterwasmoreefficient(80%oftheweightasliquid)withCoSwithalowfibercontent(LFCoS)likepotatoesoranimalfeedwaste)comparedtoco-substrateswithahighfibercontent(HFCoS)likeoatssilageorstraw(45%).ScrewpresscouldbeabettersolutionfortheHFCoS.CrystallizationofPwasefficient(>90%)withalltheco-substrates.Struvitewasthemaincomponentofthemineralsolidproductobtained(75-100%)exceptforoatsilage(41%).Organicmatterwas17-30%.FinallythePrecoverypotentialwas28-67%dependingbothonbiologicalPdissolutionandsolid/liquidseparationefficiency.TheBMPwasnotsignificantlyaffectedbythePrecoveryprocess.BiologicaldissolutionofPfrompigslurrycouldbeefficientlysubstitutedforchemicaldissolution.Separation,crystallizationandmethaneproductionwerenotaffected.Theprocessshouldbeimproved,decreasingorganicmatterinthemineralproduct.Sotheeconomicalandenvironmentalbarriersfordevelopingtherecyclingprocesscouldbedefinitelyknockeddown.ThisworkwasdoneintheframeoftheNewFertProject(H2020-BBI-JU-SEP-210218183)[1]Daumer,M.L.,Picard,S.,Saint-Cast,P.,Dabert,P.,2010.J.Hazard.Mater.,180(1–3),361-365.[2]Braak,E.,Auby,S.,Piveteau,S.,Guilayn,F.,Daumer,M.-L.,2016.Environ.Technol.,37(11),1398-1407.

118

RecoveryofaminoacidsandphosphorusfrommanureDr.MatiasVanotti1,Dr.ArielSzogi11USDA,,


Therecoveryofphosphorusandproteinsfrommanurecouldbeadvantageoustobothoffsetcostsandtoimproveandlessentheenvironmentalimpactsofmanure.Phosphorousinmanurecancontaminaterivers,lakes,andbaysthroughrunoff,ifappliedontoacroplandexcessively.Proteinisanaturalresourceusedinawiderangeofcommercialapplicationsincludingfeedsandindustrialapplications.Thus,recoveringphosphorousfrommanurecannotonlyhelpreducesuchrunoffs,butalsoreducestheuseofcommercialfertilizerbasedonphosphaterock.Anewmethodforsimultaneousextractionofproteinsandphosphorusfrombiologicalmaterialshasbeendevelopedandispresented.Theexperimentsusedswinemanuresolidsfractionaftersolid-liquidseparation.Onadry-weightbasis,itwasfoundthattheseparatedmanuresolidscontained15.2-17.4%proteinsand3.0%phosphorus.Quantitativeextractionofphosphorusandproteinsfrommanureswaspossiblewiththisnewsystem.Thephosphoruswasfirstseparatedfromthesolidsinasolubleextract,thentheproteinswereseparatedfromthesolidsandsolubilizedwithanalkalisolvent.Bothphosphorusandproteinrecoverywereenhancedabout19and22%withtheinclusionofarinseafterthewashing.Therecoveredphosphorussolidshad20.4%phosphates(P2O5).Theproteinextractwasconcentratedusingultrafiltration(UF)andlyophilizationtoobtainaproteinsolidsconcentrate.UFof5and10kDacapturedalltheproteins,but30kDaresultedin22%loss.Theproteinsolidswereconvertedintoamino-acidsusingacidhydrolysis.Further,thesystemwasprovedeffectivetoextractphosphorusandproteinsfromotherbiologicalmaterials,suchasalgaeorcrops.Therecoveredproteinscouldbeusedforproductionofaminoacidsandtherecoveredphosphoruscouldbeusedasarecycledmaterialthatreplacescommercialphosphatefertilizers.Thiscouldbeapotentialnewrevenuestreamfromwasteproductsforfarmers.SupportbyTheKaitekiInstitute,MitsubishiChemicalHoldingsGroupthroughARSCooperativeAgreement58-6082-5-006-Fisacknowledged.Vanotti,M.B.andSzogi,A.A.2016.Extractionofaminoacidsandphosphorusfrombiologicalmaterials.USPatentApplicationSN15/350,283.USPatent&TrademarkOffice,Washington,DC.

119

Effectofadditivesonphosphorus,copperandzincseparationinrawanddigestedanimalslurriesGiorgioProvolo1,MartinaCattaneo1,FrancescaPerazzolo1,ElisabettaRiva11Dept.AgriculturalandEnvironmentalSciences-UniversityofMilan,Milan,Italy


Thestudyevaluatedhowtheapplicationoftwoadditivesinsolid-liquidseparationtreatmentcanimproveP,CuandZnseparationefficienciesfromco-digestedslurry,beforeandafterammoniastrippingtreatment,andrawpigslurry.Weassessedhowthetypeofslurry,doseofadditivesandphysico-chemicaltreatmentinfluencetheseparationefficienciesoftheseelements.SeparationwasaccomplishedusingasadditivesCa(OH)₂andAl₂(SO₄)₃atsixdoses(from0toamaximumdosedeterminedinapreliminarytestforeachslurry).Afterchemicalswereadded,slurriesweremixedandafter30minutesliquidwasseparatedusingastaticfilterwithameshof0.25mm.LiquidfractionswereanalysedinduplicateforpH,drymattercontentandvolatilesolids,usingstandardmethods.ContentsofP,CuandZnwereobtainedbyICP-MSanalysis.Themaximumseparationefficienciesobtaineddependedonthetypeofslurryandadditiveused.ThePseparationefficiencyforrawslurryincreasedfrom11%(±16%)withoutadditivesto39%(±6%)withCa(OH)₂andto72%(±5%)withAl₂(SO₄)₃.TheuseofAl₂(SO₄)₃increasedthePseparationefficiencycomparedtoCa(OH)₂forrawslurriesandfordigestateafterstripping,buttheremovalratefordigestateswassimilarforthetwoadditives(57–59%).TheZnremovalratesobtainedforrawpigslurryusingAl₂(SO₄)₃andCa(OH)₂were84%(±2%)and46%(±1%),respectively,and78%(±2%)and44%(±1%)forCu,respectively.TheZnandCuseparationefficienciesfordigestateweresimilarforthetwoadditives(44%forZnand27%forCu).Afterthestrippingprocess,themostefficientadditivewasAl₂(SO₄)₃forbothZnandCuwithefficienciesof87%(±2%)and84%(±4%).AdditivescaneffectivelyimproveseparationefficienciesofP,CuandZnfromrawanddigestedanimalslurries.TheuseofAl₂(SO₄)₃facilitateshigherseparationefficiencies.Thehighdosesofadditivesneededtoraisetheseparationefficienciesshouldbecarefullyevaluatedduetotheirhighcostandpotentialenvironmentalimpact.ThestudywascarriedoutwithintheRENUWALprojectfinancedbyFondazioneCariplograntn°2014–1279.

120

CanBiocharbringmoremanureinthesoil?ExploringoptionsandconceptsDrLydiaFryda1,DrRianneVisser1,DrArjanHensen11EnergyResearchCenterofTheNetherlands,Petten,TheNetherlands


Manureposeschallengesonfarmeconomicsandenvironmentalemissions.Woodybiocharispoorinnutrients.Applyingamixtureofbiocharandmanure,thefertilizingelementsarebalancedplusthereispotentialofemissionsreductions.Thisworksexploresbiocharandmanurecombinationoptionstowardssoilfertilization,evolutionofgasemissions(N2OandNH3)andleachingofnutrients.Biocharandhydrocharfromwoodyresidueswereproducedinapilotscalegasifierandahydrothermalcarbonisationunit,respectively.Manuresampleswere(a)blendedwithbiochar(b)acidifiedwithanorganicacid(pH~3.5)toloweritspH(c)blendedwithhydrochars.Theseblendswereaddedtothetopsoillayer;areferencetestofmanureonlywasincluded.AmmoniaandN2O(afterwetting)weremonitoredusingawindtunnelandwaterleachatesofthesoilwereanalysed.Thesoiltrialswithbiocharandmanureblendsdidnotshowanyemissionsreductioneffectmostprobablybecausethebiocharspreadthemanureoveralargersurfaceandhelpedammoniarelease.Theacidificationofmanurewiththeorganicacidwaseffectivetowardsemissionssuppression.Theacidificationofbiocharsalsoshowedgoodresultscomparedtonontreatedbiochar.ThecumulativeNH3emissionsafterhalfdaywere(ppb):manureonly(reference)120,acidifiedmanure25,hydrochar175,hydrochar2110,biochars150.Nitrousoxidespeakemissionswere(ppb):manureonly(reference)70,acidifiedmanure160,hydrochar150,hydrochar260,biochar160,biochar275.ThebiocharsfromvariousfeedstocksandprocessconditionsshowalargespanofcharacteristicsthatarebelievedtoaffectitsinteractionwithfreshmanureandthereforethereleaseofN-compounds.Theeffectofblendingmanurewithbiocharandhydrocharonammoniaandnitrousoxideemissionsrleasewastested.Hydrochardeliveredpositiveresults,showingthelargestpotentialforNH3andN2Oemissionreduction.Otherbiocharsneedtobetried,aswellasblendinginsoilbeforemanureapplicationtoavoidspreading.FinancialcontributionoftheDutchMinistryofEconomicAffairsiskindlyacknowledged.

121

ClosingtheloopusingcatchcropstoreduceNlossesinfarmlandandincreasebiogasproductionDrAugustBonmati1,DrVictorRiau1,LauraBurgos1,FrancescCamps2,DrAssumpcióAntón1,MartaTorrellas11IRTA-GIRO,CaldesdeMontbui,Spain,2FundacióMasBadia,LaTalladad'Empordà,Spain

O.PosterPresentations-1.AdvancesinTechnology

Nitrogenleachingtogroundwaterareoneofthemainenvironmentalproblemsofmanuremanagement.Catchcrops(ChCps)canbegrowntoreducenitrogenlossesintheperiodbetweenmaincrops.ThemainobjectivewastostudytheuseofChCpstoreducenitrogenlosses.Inthemeantime,usetheseChCpsasco-substrateinabiogasplanttoincreasemethaneyield.CatchCropsessayedwereryegrass,oilseedrapeandblackoat;themaincropwasmaize.ChCpssilagelasted3months.Biochemicalmethanepotential(BMP)werecarriedperduplicate.Semi-continuousexperimentswereperformedduring120daysinsixanaerobicCSTRsat37ºCwithahydraulicretentiontimeof40days.R1-R3werethecontroldigesters(dairymanure),whereastheco-digestionreactorswerefedwithdairymanureandensiledcatchcrop(10%w/w):ryegrass(R4),oilseedrape(R5)andblackoat(R6).ChCpsproductionwere2.69,3.14and3.03tdrymatterha-1,forRyegrass,OliseedrapeandBlackoat,respectively.Regardingextractionyields,thehigherNextractionwasachievedwhenoilseedrapewasusedascatchcrop,being58%higherthanthoseachievedusingryegrassand81%higherincomparisonwithblackoat.PextractionwasalsohigherusingoilseedrapewhereasCuandZnextractionswerehigherwhenusingryegrassandblackoat,respectively.BMPassaysshowsthatensilingimprovedthebiodegradabilityandmethaneyieldofcatchcropsunderanaerobicconditions.Infact,theanaerobicbiodegradabilitywasincreasedbetween3-17%,andbetween31-45%ofLCH4pertonneofwaste.Semi-continuousexperimentsconfirmthattheuseofChCpsclearlyimprovevolumetricmethane(VMP)productionincomparisonwithcontroldigesters;20–52%increasewasreported.However,thehighestVMPwasachievedwhenusingensiledblackoat(0.38±0.07)asco-substrate.Catchcropsareasuitableoptiontopreventleachingofnutrientstothenaturalenvironmentbyfixingtheremainingnutrientsinfarmland,thusclosingtheloopofnutrients.Atthesametime,silageofcatchcropsisanappropriateco-substratesforanaerobicdigestionofdairymanurethatincreasebiogasyield.TheauthorswishtoexpresstheirgratitudetotheEuropeanCommission(ProjectLIFE12ENV/ES/000647)forprovidingfinancialsupport.

122

Propagationofdatepalm(Phoenixdactylifera)withinacirculareconomyframework:useofgrowingmediaderivedfrompalmbiomassDr.J.Andreu1,Dr.E.Agulló2,Dr.MABustamante2,Dr.MDPérez-Murcia2,Mr.A.Vico2,Mr.JASáez2,Dr.X.Barber3,Dr.A.Pérez-Espinosa2,Dr.C.Paredes2,Dr.R.Moral21EngineeringDept.,MiguelHernándezUniversity,Orihuela,Spain,2AgrochemistryandEnvironmentDept.,Miguel,Orihuela,Spain,3AppliedStatisticalUnit,MiguelHernándezUniversity,Elche,Spain


Datepalm(Phoenixdactylifera)isoneofthemostcultivatedpalmsinMediterraneanareas,withahighenvironmentalandeconomicimportanceintheseregions.Thisimpliesasignificantproductionofvegetablewastesfrompalmspecieswithoutasuitablemanagement.ThisworkstudiestheviabilityofusinggrowingmediafromdatepalmwastesforthecommercialproductionofPhoenixdactylifera.Tengrowingmediawereelaboratedusingdatepalm-derivedmaterials:twocompostsfrompalmwastes,CLfrompalmleavesandCTfrompalmtrunks,andanorganicblend(OB)ofCLandcompostpelletsfromCT(50:50%involume).Eachmaterial(CL,CTandOB)wasmixedwithperliteat25%,50%and75%(volume:volume),using100%perliteascontroltreatment.Thesesubstrateswereestablishedin20Lpotsforpalmseedlingproduction,studyingmorphologicalandbiomassparametersofdatepalm.TheresultsobtainedhaveshownthattheincorporationofdatepalmwastesintothegrowingmediaproducedasignificantincreaseinmorphologicalaspectsoftheplantsofPhoenixdactyliferaL.comparedtothosegrowninthecontroltreatment(100%perlite).Theplantscultivatedinthesubstratesfromdatepalm-derivedmaterialsshowedhigherheightanddiameterofthepalmstem,aswellasahighernumberofleaves,comparedtothatobservedinthecontroltreatmentofpureperlite.However,statisticaldifferenceswerenotobservedamongthetypesofpalm-derivedingredients(CL,CTandOB)andamongtheproportionsofpalmmaterial(25%,50%and75%)usedinthegrowingmedia.Thisindicatesahigherbiomassintheplantsgrowninthesubstrateswithpalmwaste-derivedmaterials,whichwasreflectedinthevaluesoftheplantfreshweight,alsohigherinallthetreatmentscomparedtopureperlite.Theincorporationofdatepalmwaste-derivedmaterialsintothegrowingmediausedforthepropagationofdatepalmproducedanenhancementofthemorphologicalandbiomassaspectsofthedatepalmplants,showingtheviabilityofthesematerialsassustainablealternativeforthepropagationofthesameplantspecies.StudyfinancedbySpanishMinistryEconomyandCompetitiveness(AGL2013-41612-R)andEuropeanRegionalDevelopmentFunds(ERDF,‘‘UnamaneradehacerEuropa’’).

123

Valorisationoffoodsludgefromadairydessertindustrybyco-compostingMr.AlbertoVico1,DrMariaDoloresPérez-Murcia1,Dr.EnriqueAgulló1,Dr.FrutosC.Marhuenda-Egea2,Mr.JoseAntonioSáez1,Dr.ConcepciónParedes1,Dr.AureliaPérez-Espinosa1,Dr.MaríaAngelesBustamante1,Dr.RaúlMoral11AgrochemistryandEnvironmentDept.,MiguelHernándezUniversity(UMH),EPS,Orihuela,Spain,2AgrochemistryandBiochemistryDept.,UniversityofAlicante,Alicante,Spain


Thebiologicaltreatmentoftheeffluentswithahighorganicloadgeneratedbytheindustryoftheproductionofdairydessertsresultsingreatamountsofsludgewithspecificcharacteristics.Thisworkstudiesthemanagementandrecyclingofthisdairydessert-derivedsludgebyco-compostingwiththreedifferentbulkingagentstoobtainanaddedvalueend-product.Threedifferentcompostingmixtureswerepreparedusingdairydessert-derivedsludge(DDS)mixedwithdifferentbulkingagents:tipatree(Tipuanatipu)pruning(TP),mulberry(Morusalba)pruning(MP)andpalm(Phoenixdactylifera)trunkpruning(PP).Theproportionsusedonadrymatterbasiswere:Pile1(27.7%DDS+72.3%TP),Pile2(53.8%DDS+46.2%MP)andPile3(34%DDS+66%PP).Throughoutthecompostingprocess,temperatureevolutionwasmonitoredandphysico-chemicalandchemicalparametersweredetermined.Allthecompostingpilesshowedagooddevelopmentofthethermophilicphase,reachingthermophilicvaluesformorethantwoweeks,havingtheuseofthebulkingagentsapositiveinfluenceinthedevelopmentofthecompostingprocess.Inaddition,thepileelaboratedwithPP(Pile3)showedthermophilicconditionsduringalongerperiodoftimethantheotherpiles,whichindicatestheeffectofthenatureofthebulkingagentused.Theorganicmattercontentsdecreasedthroughoutthecompostingprocessinallthemixtures,duetothemineralizationprocesses.Attheendofthecompostingprocess,allthecompostsshowedsuitablephysico-chemicalandchemicalproperties,aswellasagooddegreeofmaturity,withabsenceofphytotoxicity,exceptforcompost3,elaboratedusingPPasbulkingagent,whichshowednotablesalinitycontents.Theco-compostingofdairydessert-derivedsludgeconstitutesanefficientmethodtomanagethisorganicwasteandtoobtainanend-productwithagooddegreeofmaturity,suitablephysico-chemicalandchemicalpropertiesandabsenceofphytotoxicity,whichcanbesafelyusedinagriculture,implyingenvironmentalbenefitsinthecirculareconomyframework.StudyfinancedbySpanishMinistryofEconomyandCompetitiveness(AGL2013-41612-R)andEuropeanRegionalDevelopmentFunds(‘‘UnamaneradehacerEuropa’’).

124

Livestockby-productsintoenergy:hydrogenDrAntonellaChiariotti1,DrMassimoCalì11AnimalProductionResearchCentre(PCM),AgricultureResearchCouncil(CREA),Monterotondo,Italy


Bio-hydrogenisapromisingfuelforhavinghighenergycontent(143GJ/ton)andforgeneratingonlywaterwhencombusted.Theaimwastoproducebio-hydrogenthroughanaerobicco-digestionoflivestockby-products(sludge,lowproteincheesewhey-LPCW)inoculatedwithrumenfluid.ThiswouldfulfillEuropeanCommunitygoalofconsidering“wasteasaresource”whileavoidingtheenvironmentalimpactoftheirdisposalToinvestigatehydrogenicactivity,batchtrialswerecarriedoutat39°Cusingbuffalorumen(BU)andbuffalosludge(BS)asinoculum(15%).Substrates(3,8%VS;2:1ratio)wereBSandLPCW(lactose4%w/v)bothsterileandunsterileandpHwas7.Totalsolids(TS)andvolatilesolids(VS)weredeterminedatthebeginningandendoftheexperiments.Cumulatedgasproduction(ml/gVS),biogascomposition(%v/v),volatilefattyacids(VFAs,g/L)andlacticacid(LA,g/L)wereanalysed.Bio-hydrogenproduction(22.93mlg-1VS)wasobtainedwhenusingBUinoculumandunsterilesubstrate,reachingamaximumconcentrationof44.8%inthebiogasafter10days.Methaneproductionwaslowandonlyduringthefirstweek(1.7mlg-1VS).pHdroppedfrom7to5.5duetoLAandVFAsaccumulation,neverthelessthebufferingactionofbuffalosludge[1,2]allowedtomaintainoptimalpHrangeforhydrogenproduction(between5and5.5)avoidingthedecreasingtopH=4orlower.Thebufferingabilitypersisted,duringthewholefermentationprocess,atthissludge/LPCWratio.WhenhydrogenwasproducedTSandVSshowed25%reduction(onaverage);VFAsanalysisshowedadecrementofLA(12.16to3.97g/L)andanincreaseofaceticacid(2.06to4.25g/L).Co-digestionallowedbio-hydrogenproduction,duetosludgebufferingcapability[1,2,3]LPCWlactosecontent,whichpromotesbacteriagrowth,andrumenmicrobes.Buffalosludgeco-digestedwithLPCWandinoculatedwithbuffalorumenwasabletoproducebio-hydrogenreachinginterestingbiogasyieldandconfirmingbufferingability.Soanaerobicco-digestioncouldofferagoodsolutionintermsofbothenergyproduction/savingsandagriculturalwastedisposal.ResearchfundedbyItalianMinistryofUniversityandResearch(SO.FI.A.CTN01_00230_450760).[1]WeilandP.,2009.Appl.Microbiol.andBiotech.85:,849–860[2]RicoC.,MuñozN,RicoJ.L.,2015.Biores.Tech.189,327–333[3]Davila-VazquezG.,Cota-NavarroC.B,Rosales-ColungaL.M.etal.2009.I.J.H.E.34,4296–4304

125

RumeninoculaforbiogasproductionA.Chiariotti11,DrAntonellaChiariotti1,DrMassimoCalì1,M.Calì1,LemboG2,A.Signorini221AnimalProductionResearchCentre(PCM),AgricultureResearchCouncil(CREA),Monterotondo,Italy,11AnimalProductionResearchCentre(PCM),AgricultureResearchCouncil(CREA),Monterotondo,,Italy,22ENEA-UTRINN-BIO,viaAnguillarese301,00123,Roma(RM),Italy


Anaerobicdigestionoflignocellulosicmaterialsallowsforsimultaneousrecoveryofhydrogen,methaneandeithersolidorliquiddigestatetobeusedasgreenfertilizers.Rumenmicroorganismshavebeensuccessfullyemployedtodigestavarietyoflignocellulosicbiomass,includingagriculturalresidues(1).Aimofthetrialwastoinvestigatehydrolyticandmethanogenicactivityofmicrobialconsortiafromdifferentorigin.Batchreactorexperimentswerecarriedoutusingthreedifferentinocula:buffalorumen(BU),bovinerumen(BO)andbuffalosludge(BS)atthreedifferentconcentrations(10,20,50%ofworkingvolume)onasubstrateofsterilebuffalosludge(1,5%volatilesolid,VS).VSandNDFdegradationweredeterminedat24,48,96handattheendofincubationtime.Cumulativegasproduction(mlCH4/gVS),biogascomposition(%v/v),VolatileFattyAcids(VFAs,g/L)andLacticacid(LA)werescored.RumeninoculaexhibitedadoubleNDFdegradationabilitythanBS(60%vs.34%onaverage).VSdecreasedby29%onaverageattheendoftheincubationtime.BU50reachedthehighestVSdisappearance,whichcouldexplainthehigherbiogasproduction.Infactdrymatterlossoflignocelluloseisproportionallyrelatedtogasproduction(2,3).AmongVFAs,aceticacidproductionwashigherthanpropionicandbutyric,particularlyforBU50(3,4g/l).Apositivecorrelationwasobservedbetweenconcentrationofinoculaandmethaneproductionbothintermofyieldandbiogascomposition.ThehighestmethaneyieldwasobtainedbyBU50ascomparedtoBS50(240vs198mlCH4/gVSrespectively).Moreover,BO50andBU50gaveabout73%ofmethanevs68%ofBS50.BothrumeninoculaachievedhigherhydrolyticandacidogenicactivitiesthanBuffalosludge,comparabletopreviouslypublishedresultsonanimalwastetreatmentsotheyresultedsuitableforanaerobicdigestion.Neverthelesstoimplementoptimalbiogasproduction,furtherinvestigationsareneededonrumenmicrobiomeandmetabolicpathwaysforbiogasproduction.ThisresearchwasfundedbyItalianMinistryofUniversityandResearch(SO.FI.A.CTN01_00230_450760).1]Z.H.Hu,H.Q.Yu,2005ProcessBiochem.40,2371–2377[2]Theodorou,M.K.,Davies,D.R.,Nielsen,B.B.,Lawrence,M.I.G.,Trinci,A.P.J.,1995.Microbiol.141,671–678.[3]Nielsen,B.B.,Zhu,W.-Y.,Dhanoa,M.S.,Anthony,P.J.,Trinci,A.P.J.,Theodorou,M.K.,2002.Anaerobe8,216–222.

126

Inoculatingagro-industrialwastescompostingpiles:theeffectonthemainparametersofcontrolDrLUIZANTONIODECOSTA1,DraMônicaSarolliSilvadeMendonçaCosta1,EnvironmentalEngineerFelippeMartinsDamaceno1,EnvironmentalEngineerMaicoChiarelotto1,MSc.RosanaKraussNiedzialkoski1,Mr.JoãoPauloTomasiniCastoldi21RHESAResearchGrouponWaterResourcesandEnvironmentalSanitation,WesternParanaStateUniversity-UNIOESTE,AgriculturalEngineeringGraduateProgram-PGEAGRI,Cascavel,Brazil,2UndergraduatestudentofAgriculturalEngineering-WesternParanaStateUniversity-UNIOESTE,Cascavel,Brazil


Inoculatingthecompostpilescanamendthedecompositionperformance,improvingtheavailabilityofnutrients,promotinggreaterdiversificationofcompostmicroflora,reducingtheemissionofodorsandconsequentlygivingthefinalcompostbetteragronomicquality[1].Theaimofthisresearchwastoevaluatetheeffectsofinoculationindifferentdosesonthecompostingperformanceandthestabilityofthefinalcompost.Fourcompostingpileswereformedusingagro-industrialwastes.Theinitialweightofallpileswas525kg(naturalmatter)andtheC:Nratiowas16.Basedonthisweight,thepileswereinoculatedwith0;0.01;0.02and0.04Lofinoculumperkgofrawwastes.Theinoculationwasrepeatedfourtimesduringthefirst30daysoftheprocess(onceaweek).Theinoculumwasproducedusingsamplesofagro-industrialwastescollectedduringdifferentstagesofthecompostingprocess.Thetemperatureofthepilesreachedthethermophilicstageonthefirstdayafterinstallationandremaineduntilday35.Inalltreatmentsthetemperatureexceeded55ºCformorethantwoweeks,whichensuredthemaximumpathogenreductionaccordingtotheEuropeanrequirementsoncompostsanitation[2].Thenthetemperaturesdroppedtovalues<than400Candtheprocesswasinterruptedonday38.Wedidnotobservedifferenceinthemassandvolumereductionsconsideringtheinoculumuse.Consideringtheaveragevaluesoftheinoculatedpilesandcomparingittothecontrol(pilewithoutinoculation)thefollowingvariableswerepositivelyaffectedbyinoculation:EC(5.3and3.6mS/cm),solubleNcontents(252and117mg/L),CEC(614and323mmol/kg),CEC/TOC(19and10),solublePcontents(38.5and20.2g/kg)andsolubleKcontents(6.9and5.5g/kg).ToallpilestheGerminationIndexwashigherthan80%.Theuseofinoculumproducedfromsamplesofthecompostingpilesthemselvesatdifferentstagesoftheprocessimprovedtheagronomicvalueofthefinalcompost(EC,solubleN,PandKcontent)anditsstability(CECandCEC/TOC).TheauthorsthankCompostecCompostingPlantforsupplyingthewastesandCNPqforthefirstauthor´sPos-Docscholarship.[1]Liu,J.;Xu,X.;Li,H.;Xu,Y.2011.BiomassBioenergy,35,3433–3439.[2]Gavilanes-Terán,I.;Jara-Samaniego,J.;Idrovo-Novillo,J.;Bustamante,M.A.;Moral,R.;Paredes,C.2016.WasteManagement,48,127–134.

127

Bioaugmentationinthecompostingofagro-industrialwastes:effectsonthematuratyphaseDrLuizAntoniodeMendonçaCosta1,DraMônicaSarolliSilvadeMendonçaCosta1,EnvironmentalEngineerFelippeMartinsDamaceno1,ZootechnistJaksonBofinger1,EnvironmentalEngineerMaicoChiarelotto11RHESAResearchGrouponWaterResourcesandEnvironmentalSanitation,WesternParanaStateUniversity-UNIOESTE,AgriculturalEngineeringGraduateProgram-PGEAGRI,Cascavel,Brazil


Thebioaugmentationtechniquehasbeenusedinthecompostingprocesswithsatisfactoryresults[1,2]mainlytoassesstheorganicmatterdegradation.However,itseffectonthecompostingmaturationphaseislessstudied.Theresearchaimstoevaluatechemical,physicoandphysicochemicalchangesduringthematurationphaseoffourcompostsproducedwithgrowingdosesofinoculum.Fourpilesofagro-industrialwasteswereinoculated(0,0.04,0.02,0.01L/kg)andnamedtreatmentsC₁,C₂,C₃andC₄,respectively.Theinoculumwaspreparedwithcompostsamplesfromdifferentphasesoftheprocess.Theprocesswasinterruptedwhenthetemperatureofthepilesdecreasedto40ºC.Thecompostsweresieved,storedinbagsandsampledat0,30,60daystoevaluatechemicalandphysicalparameters.Theseedlingqualityindex(SQI)[3]oflettucewasevaluatedcomparingtocommercialsubstrate.DuringthematurationphaseitwasobservedthatC₁andC₄showedadecreaseinpHvalues,possiblyrelatedtotheformationofnitrateduringthematurationphase[4],andanelectricalconductivityincreasesuggestinglossofmassandsaltconcentrationasconfirmedbyslightdecreaseinthevaluesoftotalorganiccarbon.Itwasnotobservedchangesinthetotalporosity(TP)withinthecompostsduringthematurationphase.However,exceptforC₄,inallothertreatmentsadecreaseintheaerationporosity(AP)andaconsequentincreaseinthewater-holdingporosity(WHP)wereobservedduringthematurationphase.ThisresultpermitstoinferthatC₄wasprobablymorestableinthebeginningofthematurationphase.TheresultsofCECandCEC/TOCrevealsThelowestdosetested(0.01Lofinoculumperkgofrawwastesaddedweeklyduringthefirst30daysofcomposting)affectedthepHbehaviorandtheseedlingqualityindexoflettuceafter30daysofmaturation.TheauthorsthankCompostecCompostingPlantforsupplyingthewastesandCNPqforthefirstauthor´sPos-Docscholarship.[1]Zhao,Y.;Lu,Q.;Wei,Y.etal.2016.BioresourceTechnology,219,196–203.[2]Jurado,M.M.;Suárez-Estrella,F.;etal.2014.ProcessBiochemistry,49,1958–1969.[3]DicksonA.;Leaf,A.L.;Hosner,J.F.1960.ForestryChronicle,36,10-13.[4]Sànchez-Monedero,M.A.;Roig,A.;Paredes,C.;Bernal,M.P.2001.BioresourceTechnology,78,301-308.

128

Impactoftheinoculumsourceandnitriteconcentrationonanaerobicammoniumoxidation(Anammox)bacteriaenrichmentDr.PatrickDabert1,Dr.RomainConnan1,Dr.AlbertMagri1,Dr.OlivierChapleur2,Ing.GilbertBridoux3,Dr.FabriceBéline11Irstea-UROPAALE,17AvenuedeCucillé-CS64427,F-35044Rennes,France,2Irstea,URHBAN,1ruePierre-GillesdeGennes-CS10030,F-92761Antony,France,3SAUR,Atlantis,1,AvenueEugèneFreyssinet,F-78280Guyancourt,France


Anammoxconsistsinthebiologicaloxidationofammoniumusingnitriteinabsenceofoxygenandorganiccarbontoproducedinitrogengas[1].Itisaninterestingprocessfortreatingbiogasplantdigestates[2].However,enrichmentofbioreactorsinanammoxbacteriaislongandnotcompletelyunderstood[3].Westudiedanammoxbacteriaenrichmentusingsixinoculumsandtwonitritesupplystrategies.Nitriteisasubstrateforanammoxbacteriabutbecomesaninhibitorathighconcentrations.Sixinoculumsourceswereenrichedinanammoxbacteriausingbatchculturereactorsfedwithmineralmediumundertwonitritesupplystrategies:progressiveincreasefrom25to150mgNO2--N/Landconstantconcentrationat150mgNO2--N/L.Anammoxactivitywasmonitoredbyionanalysis.Additionally,evolutionofbothanammoxandtotalmicrobialcommunitieswerefollowedbyhzo-targetedquantitativePCRand16SrDNAhigh-throughputsequencing,respectively.During2-4weeks,nitratewasaddedtoalltheinoculumstopromotedenitrification.Allinoculumsdevelopedanammoxactivityinfourmonths,butonlywhentheenrichmentswerestartedatlownitriteconcentration.Insuchcase,thespecificammoniumconversionrateobtainedrangedfrom21±1to118±1mgNH4+-N/gVS/d(VS,volatilesolids).Thefinalabundanceoftheanammoxhzogeneshowedapositivecorrelationwiththeanammoxactivityreported.However,nolinkwasfoundbetweentheinitialamountoftheanammoxgenedetectedintheinoculumandeitherthelag-timebeforedetectionofanammoxactivityorthefinalconversionrateachieved.High-throughputDNAsequencingshowedasystematicdecreaseofthemicrobialdiversitythroughouttheenrichmentandthepresenceoffourdifferentanammoxgeneraintheinoculumsattheinitialtime.However,theenrichmentconditionsselectedonlythegenusBrocadiawithrelativeabundancesrangingfrom0.9%to6.1%.Theconditioningpretreatmentoftheinoculumsandtheenrichmentconditionsapplied(lownitriteconcentration)aredeterminantfactors,morecriticalthantheoriginoftheinoculum.16SrDNAhigh-throughputsequencingshowedaclearconvergenceofthesludgemicrobialcommunitieswiththeselectionofanammoxspeciesbelongingtothegenusCa.Brocadia.AuthorsthankRennesMétropoleforfundingthisresearch(allocation14C0509)andSophieLeRouxandChrystelleBureaufortechnicalassistance.[1]Strous,A.,Heijnen,J.J.,Kuenen,J.G.andJetten,M.S.M.1998.AppliedMicrobiologyBiotechnology50,589-596[2]Magri,A.,Béline,F.andDabert,P.2013.JournalofEnvironmentalManagement131,170-184[3]Tao,Y.,Gao,D.W.,Wang,H.Y.,deKreuk,M.andRen,N.Q.2013.BioresourceTechnology133,475-481

129

InnovativeAnimalManureProcessingPlantinNorthernItalyHelmutDoehler11DoehlerAgrarAgriculturalBusinessConsultancy;Schlossweg7,D96190Untermerzbach,,


TheregionofWipptalinSouthTyrolischaracterizedbyintensivedairycattleproductionandanincreasingscarcityofagriculturallandfortheenvironmentallysoundutilizationofthelivestockmanure.Withthetighteningofthenationallegislationthemanagementofaround50%ofthelivestockdoesnotcomplywiththelegislativerules.Theconceptenvisagesthatatotalof50%ofthemanureisprocessedintoorganic-mineralfertilizerconcentrateswhichshallbereusedinthesenseofregionalnutrientmanagementintheprovinceoforigin.Theorganic-mineralfertilizersareproducedinamanureprocessingplantconsistingofthefollowingcomponents:Anaerobicdigestionwithelectricity/heatgeneration,mechanicalseparation,sludgeresistantreverseosmosiscascade,drying,pelletizingandpalletizingdevice.Thepurifiedwaterfromtheprocessisdischargedtotheriveradjacenttotheplant.Theinnovativetechnicalsolutionfortheprocessingofmanure/digestatesliesinaprocessingcascadewhichhasn´tbeenapplieduptonowinEurope:solid-liquidseparationisdonewithascrewpressseparatorandavibratingsievewithoutanyadditionofchemicals(flocculationaidsetc.)followedbya3-stage"Sludge-tolerable"reverseosmosis,whichallows70-85%ofthepermeatetobedischargedaspurifiedwaterintothenearbyreceivingwater.TheinnovationliesinalayeredReverseosmosismodule:inaverticalaxialcolumnseverallayersofpolymermembranesarestacked,theentiresystemissubjectedtovibrationduringtheseparationprocess,whichpreventsfoulingofthemembrane.Thepermeate/concentrateproportionisroughly75/25,thepermeatepropertiesarecomplyingwiththeregionalwaterdischargestandardsAregionallycentralizedmanureprocessingplanthasbeenrealizedinNorthernItaly.Cattlesolidandliquidmanureisbeingprocessedwithmechanicalseparationandasludgeresistantreverseosmosiscascade,whichisuniqueinEuropeforthiskindofapplication.ThetechniquemaybeusedinotherEuropeanregions.[1]Döhler,H.andBonadei,E.:PilotanlagezurVerarbeitungvonGülleundGärrestenfüreinregionalesNährstoffmanagementzurEntlastungvonWirtschaftsdünger-ÜberschüsseninSüdtirol.BiogasInnovationskongress,Tagungsband2017,inpress[2]Döhler,H.:InnovativeManureTreatmentPlantinNorthernItalyforCompensatingRegionalLivestockManureNutrientSurplus.ManuREsourcehttp://www.manuresource2015.org/conference-downloads

130

EuropeanManureProcessingTechnologies(EUMANPRO)HelmutDoehler11DoehlerAgrarAgriculturalBusinessConsultancy;Schlossweg7,D96190Untermerzbach,,


Asintensivelivestockfarmingisbeingplacedunderincreasingpressuretominimisetheenvironmentalimpactofitsoperations,thereisagrowinginterestininnovativeprocessingtechnologiesthatcanimprovetheeconomiccompetitivenessandtheenvironmentalimpactofmanurehandlingwhileatthesametimeimprovingutilisationofthenutrientresources.IntheprojectEUMANPRO,whichisfinanciallysupportedbytheGermanMinoEnv,thepan-Europeanstateofknowledgeandtechnologyforfurtherprocessingtechniquesforanimalmanuresanddigestateswillbecompiledbyaninternationalexpertconsortium.Thisshallberealizedbytheevaluationofresearchprojects,literature,projectreportsetc.aswellasbytheanalysisofexistingandoperatingplants.Theresultswillbetransferredintoadocumentationsystemthatwillallowtocompareandassessdifferenttreatmentconcepts.TheEUMANPROprojectwaspartlyinitiatedbyapost-conferenceworkshopon"ManureProcessing"ofRAMIRAN2015.InJune,aninternationalworkshopwithexpertsfrom10countries(FraunhoferStuttgart,DEUniversityofWageningen&Research,NL;IRSTEA,FR,Univ.MilanoandTurino,IT;VCM,BE;etc.)hasbeenheldatBerlin,Germany,todiscussthecurrentstateoftheresults.AsummaryofthemostrelevantresultswillbepresentedattheRAMIRAN2017conference.AnanalysisoftheEuropeantechniquesindeepnesswillfollow.Theprojectprovidesagoodbasisforfurtheractions:describingBAT(bestavailabletechniques),identifydemandforresearchanddevelopment,definingBP(bestpractise).ItcouldbepromisingtodeepenandextendthefindingsofEUMANPROandtheresultingdocumentationsystemintheframeworkofaRAMIRANtaskGroup.[1]Döhler,H.andBonadei,E.:PilotanlagezurVerarbeitungvonGülleundGärrestenfüreinregionalesNährstoffmanagementzurEntlastungvonWirtschaftsdünger-ÜberschüsseninSüdtirol.BiogasInnovationskongress,Tagungsband2017,inpress[2]BiogasWipptal,2017:http://www.biogas-wipptal.it/it/euman-pro.html

131

Municipalsolidwastecharacterizationandprocessoptimizationbycomputersimulation:AcompostingcasestudyinTiassaléinSouthernCôted’IvoireDrKouassiDongo1,2,Mr.KomboEkraNoëlN’guessan1,2,DrAnnaDeipser3,MrMosesKoladeOgun3,PDDr.-IngInaKörner31UniversitéFelixHouphouëtBoigny,UFRSTRM,Abidjan,Côted'Ivoire,2CentreSuissedeRecherchesScientifiquesenCôted'Ivoire(CSRS),Abidjan,Côted'Ivoire,3HamburgUniversityofTechnology;InstituteofWastewaterManagementandWaterProtection,BioresourceManagementGroup(BIEM),Hamburg,Germany


Althoughcompostingisappliedworldwide,successfullyoperatedprocessesinAfricaarerareanddonotexistinCôted’IvoireatallwhereMunicipalsolidwaste(MSW)iscomposedpredominantlyoforganicmatter[1].Theresearchaimsatcarryingout(i)aphysico-chemicalandmicrobiologicalcharacterizationofMSWforcompostingand(ii)compostingprocessoptimizationbyusingSimuCFsoftware[2].ThestudywasconductedinthetownofTiassalé.77householdsaccordingtonumberofinhabitantswererandomlyselectedfromthe11districts.Twoseparate7-daysamplingcampaignswereconducted,firstlyforcollectionofgeneratedMSWandsecondlyforsorting.Physico-chemical(pH,moisturecontent,bulkdensity,TP,TKN)andmicrobiological(Clostridium,E.Coli,Streptococcus,Salmonella)parametersoforganicfractionweremeasured.MeasuredvalueswereusedasinputparameterforSimuCFsimulation.Thesewerevaried,differentscenariossimulatedandresultscompared.ThedailyMSWgenerationraterankedbetween0.52and0.64kg/inhabitant(overallmeanvalue:0.58kg/inhabitant).56%oftheMSWconsistedoforganicsand33%wasinorganicfines(sandandstones).Thebulkdensityofthesortedorganicfractionwas765kg/m3andthemoisturecontent72%.TheTKNandTPconcentrationswere9.8g/kgand1.4g/kgrespectively,theaverageC/Nratio31.Clostridium,E.Coli,StreptococcuswerefoundinconcentrationsabovetheWHOsafetylimitswhileSalmonellawasnotdetected.Theobservedhighmoisturecouldlimitcomposting.SimuCFsimulationmadeitclearthatwatercontentistoohigh,sincenofastaerobicdegradationcouldbereachedinthesimulation.Hence,optimizationstrategiesweresimulated(sun-dryingtechniques,additionoftwigsandbranchesandoflargerpieces(toseparatelateronandreuseasstructurematerial)andresultscomparedregardingdegradationtime,temperaturelevels,liquidandgaseousemissions).ResultsconfirmedthatorganicfractionispredominantintheMSW.However,pre-sortingandadjustmentofthetoohighwatercontentarerequired.Also,sufficientdisinfectionisnecessaryforhandlingandapplicationinagriculture.SimuCFshowedgoodpossibilitiesofquantitativeoptimizations,self-heatingandselectionofgoodproceduresforimplementationinpractice.ThisresearchwasfundedbytheVolkswagenfoundation(VolkswagenStiftung):PostdoctoralfellowshipforAfricanResearchersinEngineeringSciences.Reference:90001[1]ZurbruggC.,AristantiC.1999.ResourcerecoveryinaprimarycollectionschemeinIndonesia,SANDECNewsNo.4:7-9,[2]Deipser,A.2014.ProzesssimulationbiologischerAbbauprozesseimBereichderAbfallwirtschaft,Dissertation,TUHamburg-Harburg,HamburgerBerichtezurSiedlungswasserwirtschaft,Vol.88,GFEUe.V(Hrsg.),ISBN978-3-942768-13-9,urn:nbn:de:gbv:830-tubdok-12814,Eigenverlag,Hamburg

132

EvaluationofEmissionprofileenvironmentalcomplianceofon-farm,fluidisedbedcombustionofpoultrylitterProfJJLeahy1,DrDeirdreLynch1,DrAnnemarieHenihan1,DrWitoldKwapinski11UniversityOfLimerick,Limerick,Ireland


Recently,theEuropeanCommission(EC)decidedtoallowpoultrylittertobeusedasafuelforon-farmcombustionunderexistinganimalby-productregulations.CombustionofPLprovidesheatforthepoultryshedsandash.Theobjectivewastoinvestigatecomplianceofemissionsfromsmallscaleon-farmcombustionofpoultrylitteragainstlegislativeNorms.Resultswereobtainedusingacommercial0.5MWthatmosphericbubblingFBCunit,locatedon-farminNorfolk,UK,burning100%PLinitsas-receivedstate.Processconditionssuchastemperature,pressuredropandexitgasvelocityweremonitoredandAcompleteproximateandultimateanalysisofthelitterwasobtainedtodetermineitsfuelproperties.Fluegasemissonsweremonitoredforheavymetals,dioxinsandfurans,SOx,NOxCOandparticulatesaccordingtotherelevantUSEPAorENstandard.Parameter Unit Average Limit1 IED2PM mgm-35.0 10 10PM10 mgm-32.59 - -PM2.5 mgm-32.19 - -HCl mgm-32.08 - 10Cd&Tlmgm-3<0.002 - 0.05HeavyMetals mgm-30.072 - 0.5Hg mgm-30.0004 - 0.05PCDD/Fs(I-TEQ3) ngm-3 0.0617 - 0.1SO2 mgm-314.2 50 50HF mgm-30.09 - 1TOC mgm-34.7 - 10NOx mgm-3141 200 200CO mgm-39.1 - 50CO2 %v/v 7.0 - -O2 %v/v 12.8 - -1CommissionRegulation(EU)No592/20142IndustrialEmissionsDirective–Airemissionlimitvaluesforwasteincinerationplants-Dailyaveragevalues(11%O2)3I-TEQ–InternationalToxicEquivalence.EmissionsofSO2werebelowthelimit,eventhoughSwaspresentinPLsuggestingSO2wascapturedbythethehighcalciumcontentSelf-sustainingcombustionof100%poultrylitterwasachievedandemissionswerewithintheapplicableguidelines(CommissionRegulation(EU)No592/2014).Theseresultsdemonstratethatsmall-scale,on-sitecombustionofPLcanbeconductedwithminimalenvironmentalimpactwitheconomicbenefitsforthepoultryproducerandreductionsinfossilfuelemissions.

133

Thermaldryingofdigestate-solidandsewagesludge:InfluenceofacidificationandzeoliteadditiononnitrogenretentionMissJingnaLiu1,MrStoumannJensenLars1,MrAndreasdeNeergaard11UniversityOfCopenhagen,FrederiksbergC,Denmark


Thermaldryingisanincreasinglycommonpost-treatmentforsolidsfromdigestate(DS)anddewateredsewagesludge(SS).However,NlossesthroughNH3volatilizationduringdryingprocesswillresultinlownitrogen(N)fertilizingvalue.AimingtomitigateNH3emission,theapplicabilityofacidificationandzeoliteadditionwereassessedinathermaldryingexperiment.OperatingconditionscomprisedfourpHlevels(non-acidifiedcontrol,8.0,7.5,6.5)ofbio-materials(concentratedsulfuricacidwasusedtomodifiedpH),fourzeoliteadditionrates(0%,1%,5%,10%)(mixedwithbio-materials24hinadvancebeforethermaldrying),fixeddryingtemperature(130oC)andfixedairventilationrate(525mlmin-1).Theindividualandsynergisticeffectsofacidificationandzeoliteco-applicationonNH4+-Nretentionduringdryingprocesswereinvestigated.ForDS,acidificationinhibitedmoistureremovalduringthermaldrying(7.5,6.5p<0.05)andsignificantlyincreasedNH4+-Nretentionfrom18.0%inthenon-acidifiedcontroluptomaximum112.7%(basedoninitialNH4+-Ninthecontrol).Zeoliteco-applicationbarelyhadeffectonmoistureremovalefficiencybutalsocouldnotablyincreaseNH4+-Nretentionuptomaximum57.3%.RegardingSS,moistureremovalefficiencywashardlyinfluencedbyacidificationandzeoliteco-applicationbutNH4+-Nretentionupwassignificantlyincreasedfrom76.6%incontroluptomaximum110.4%and94.5%(basedoninitialNH4+-Ninthecontrol)afteracidificationandzeoliteco-application,respectively.AcidificationismoreefficientonDS(from18.0%-112.7%)thanonSS(from76.6%-110.4%).Zeoliteco-applicationcouldsignificantlyincreaseNH4+-Ninprocessedorganicwaste,butingeneral,thereisnoaddedbenefitfromzeolitewhenacidificationwasused.

134

Biogasdigestateprocessing–acostefficientandclimatefriendlystrategyfornutrientexportfromsurplusregions?MrsUrsulaRoth1,MrSebastianWulf1,MrMaximilianFechter2,MrJohannesDahlin31KTBLe.V.,Darmstadt,Germany,2TechnicalUniversityBerlin,ChairofChemical&ProcessEngineering,Berlin,Germany,3UniversityNürtingen-Geislingen,InstituteforInternationalResearchonSustainableManagementandRenewableEnergy(ISR),Nürtingen,Germany


Biogasproductionfromenergycrops,especiallyinregionswithintensivelivestockproductionhasledtoanincreasingneedfornutrientexportfromsomeregionsinGermany.Therefore,thepotentialofdifferenttechnologiesofdigestateprocessingtoreducethecostsofnutrientexportwasevaluatedaswellastheireffectonthegreenhousegasemissionsofthebiogasplant.Calculationscompriseprocessingofthedigestateaswellasstorage,transportandlandspreadingoftheprocessingproducts.Pressscrewseparation,beltdryerwithwasteairtreatment,solardrying,directammoniastripping,vacuumvaporizationincludingammoniastrippingfromtheexhaustvapourandmembranetechnologieswereconsideredwithuntreateddigestatesasreference.Datawasmainlyderivedfromexistingprocessingplantsandcompletedwithplanningdataofplantmanufacturers.Asscenarios,exportofallnutrients,50%Nand50%Pwerecalculated.Assumingatransportdistanceof300kmandtheavailabilityofexcessCHPheat,savingsoftransportcostscompensateinvestmentandoperatingcostsformostprocessingtechnologiesifexportof50%Porallnutrientsistargeted.Ammoniastrippingresultsinnosignificantreductioninoverallvolume,butahighconcentratedN-fertilizerisproduced,limitingcostsavingstothe50%Nscenario.Vacuumvaporizationismostcostefficientwiththescenariosevaluated,reducingcostsby55-88%.Ifheatisnotconsideredvacuumvaporizationshowsthehighestgreenhousegasmitigationeffectcomparedtotransportoftheuntreateddigestate,followedbybeltdryingwithexhaustairtreatment.Emissionreductionofupto90%canbeachieved.Energyefficiencyofdigestateprocessingandemissionsduringprocessingandstorageneedtobefocusedon.Processeddigestatesareofteneasiertohandleorbetterfitthedemandsoffarmersorotherusers.Whichtechnologydelivershighestcostefficiencyandlowestgreenhousegasemissionsdependsonheatavailability,targetsofnutrientexportandtransportdistances.Heatavailabilityprovided,vacuumvaporizationshowsbestresultsforbothcostsandgreenhousegases.Membranetechnologyisanoptionforcompletenutrientremoval,ifnoheatisavailable.WeacknowledgethesupportingbyFachagenturNachwachsendeRohstoffee.V.onbehalfoftheGermanFederalMinistryofFoodandAgriculture.

135

MappingTillageIntensityinIrelandDr.GuySerbin11TeagascJohnstownCastleEnvironmentResearchCentre,Wexford,Ireland


TheMinimumNormalisedDifferenceTillageIndex(minNDTI)technique,whichutilisesremotesensingdatafromsatellite-basedLandsatandSentinel-2timeseries,canaccuratelydetecttillageintensityonaper-fieldbasis[1].TheaimofthisstudyisprovideanassessmentoftillageintensityinIreland.ThisresearchutilisesremotesensingimagetimeseriesfromtheLandsat7and8andSentinel-2Asatellites.Allimageswerecorrectedtosurfacereflectanceandmaskedforcloudsandcloudshadows.TheNormalisedDifferenceTillageIndex(NDTI)[2]valueswerethencalculatedforfromspecificplantingseasons,placedintotimeseries,andthedatesandvaluesoftheminNDTIvaluesweredetermined.Thesewerethencalibratedusingfarmsurveydata,andmapsoftillageintensitywereproduced.PresentedaretillageintensitymapsforIrelandfortheyears2014–2016,includingaccuracyassessments.Presentedisanew,operationalproductproductthatcanbeusedtoverifytillageintensityandbeusedasinputsforgreenhousegascyclingandsoilerosionmodels.[1] B.Zheng,J.B.Campbell,G.Serbin,andJ.M.Galbraith,SoilandTillageResearch,vol.138,pp.26-34,5//2014.[2] A.P.vanDeventer,A.P.Ward,P.H.Gowda,andJ.G.Lyon,PhotogrammetricEngineeringandRemoteSensing,vol.63,pp.87-93,1997.

136

ThepotentialofrecoveryoforthophosphatefromdairymanureMScMaikelTimmerman11WageningenLivestockResearch,Wageningen,TheNetherlands


IntheNetherlandsphosphateisusuallythelimitingfactorintheapplicationofmanure.Recoveryoftheeasy-to-winorthophosphatefrommanureofferspossibilitiestokeepagreaterproportionofthenutrientsandorganicmatteravailableforfertilization.Thisreducestheneedforartificialfertilizersandstimulatesthesoilfertility.Thepotentialofrecoveryoforthophosphatefromdairymanurewasdetermined.Sampleswerecollectedfromdifferentmanureseparators:centrifuge,screwpress,compressorrollerseparatorandcascadingrollerpresssystem.Samplesweretakenfromtheliquidmanurebeforeseparationandthesolidandliquidfractionafterseparation.ACa(OH)2-solutionwasaddedtoseveralliquidfractionstoprecipitatethesolublephosphate.Aftersettlingthesolutionwasseparatedintoaneffluentandsludgeandsubsequentlysampled.Allsampledwereanalysedonthecontentofdryandorganicmatter,phosphate,orthophosphate,nitrogen,calcium,andmagnesium.Thephosphatecontentoftheliquiddairymanurerangedfrom1.17to2.12g/kgwithoneoutlierof0.33g/kg.Theoutlierwasaverythinmanurewithaverylowdrymattercontentof2.1%,whileallothermanureshadadrymattercontentof6.3%to10.4%.Theorthophosphatecontentrangedfrom0%to8%ofthetotalphosphatecontent.Thephosphatecontentoftheliquidfractionofthedairymanurerangedfrom0.25to1.77g/kg.Thedrymattercontentrangedfrom1.9%to7.3%.Theorthophosphatecontentrangedfrom0%to4%ofthetotalphosphatecontent.Thephosphatecontentofthesolidfractionofthedairymanurerangedfrom1.21to4.29g/kg.Thedrymattercontentrangedfrom14.4%to37.2%.Theorthophosphatecontenthasnotbeenanalysed.TheresultsoftheprecipitationwiththeCa(OH)2-solutionwerenotavailableatthetimeofwriting.Thepreliminaryresultsareshowingthattheorthophosphatecontentoftheliquiddairymanureandliquidfractionisverylow.Theavailableorthophosphateisonlyasmallpercentageofthetotalphosphatecontent.Thepotentialforrecoveryoftheorthophosphateappearstobelowduetothelowconcentrations.ThisresearchwasfundedbytheDutchministryofEconomicAffairs.Theauthorthanksthevisitedfarmsfortheirparticipation.

137

Developingdecentralisedsmall-scale,intra-urbanandcircularmanagementpathwaysforurbanbiowaste:anorganizationalandtechnicalsolutionwithmicroanaerobicdigestion(micro-AD)MrsAnneTrémier1,MsAxelleDegueurce1,MrPascalPeu1,MrsVeronicaMartinez-Sanchez21Irstea,Rennes,France,2FundaciòENT,,Spain


Background&ObjectivesTocontributetoabetterresilienceofurbanareasadressingenergyandfoodsupplycrisisandtheirenvironmentalandsocio-economicimpacts,wastemanagementhastobeimproved.Therefore,theDECISIVEprojectproposestodevelopacooperativeandcircularorganizationbetweenintra-urbansmall-scalebiowastevalorizationplantsandintra/peri-urbanfarms,throughtheproductionanduseofbioenergyandbioproducts.Materials&MethodsThefirststepoftheprojectconsistedinvalidatingtheconceptofdecentralisedmanagementforurbanbiowasteandindefiningspecificationsformicro-ADplant.Aliteraturereviewondecentralisedbiowastemanagementandproductionofenergywasperformed.Thenconstraintsformicro-ADdevelopmentinanurbanareawerestudied:regulations,safety,sanitaryconstraints,socialacceptance,etc.Finally,technicalscenariosformicro-ADplantswereproposedandenergybalancesweresimulatedtoidentifyminimalprocessingcapacityforasustainablemicro-digester.Results&DiscussionAccordingtoliterature,decentralisedmanagementofurbanbiowasteindevelopedcountrieshasbeenmainlythoughtinrelationtohomecompostingincentiveactionsforindividualorcollectivehousing.Decentralisedenergyproductionforlocalconsumption,whichcanrepresentaninterestingcomplementaritytocentralizedenergyproduction[1],hasbeenmainlydevelopedinAsiawithratherbasicsystems[2].StudyingoperatingconstraintsinaEuropeanurbancontext,specificationsformicro-ADintheDECISIVEprojecthavebeenproposed:anunattended,odorlesstechnologywithlimitedstorageofwaste,biogasanddigestate.Theenergybalanceofseveralscenariosofmicro-ADplantswasassessed(basedonvaryingbiowastetype,quantitytreated,typeofpretreatmentsteps,typeofADtechnology,feedingfrequency,etc.).Feedingfrequency,quantityoftreatedwaste,phaseseparationtechnologyandADtechnologydemonstratedtohavethegreatestinfluenceontheenergeticperformanceoftheplantthatshouldtreatatleast50t/yofbiowaste.ConclusionBasedonthedevelopedwork,regulationsandtechnologicalbarrierstodecentralisedmanagementofbiowastethroughADhavebeenidentified.Moreover,aminimumthresholdofbiowastequantitytobetreatedondecentralisedmicro-ADplanthasbeenproposed.Collectionstrategiestosupplythedecentralisedplantarebeingstudied.AcknowledgementThisprojecthasreceivedfundingfromtheEuropeanUnion’sHorizon2020researchandinnovationprogrammeundergrantagreementNo689229.References[1]Boroumand,R.H.,Goutte,S.andPorcher,T.2015.Idéerecuen°13:Laproductiondécentraliséed'électricitéestuneimpasse,in20idéesreçuessurl'énergie.105-118

[2]Rajendran,K.,Aslanzadeh,S.andTaherzadeh,M.J.2012.Householdbiogasdigesters-Areview.Energies,5(8):p.2911-2942.

138

ConcentrationsofNitrogenandPhosphorusintheWastefromLarge-scaleSwineandCattleFarmsofBeijingMrShuaiZhang1,MrPengLu1,MsShuoChen1,MrQingChen11ChinaAgriculturalUniversity,,china


Large-scalelivestockfarmingalwaysneedtochallengethehighpressureofnitrogenandphosphorusrecyclinginarablelandtoavoideutrophication.TheconcentrationsofNandPinthewastefluctuatedwithseasonalwateruse,andsolid-liquidseparationetc.UnderstandingthecharacteristicsofNandPinmanureandslurryfromswineandcattlefarmsiscriticaltonutrientreutilization.Freshsamplesofanimalfeceswerecollectedfromtherandomlyselectedtypicalcattle(n=22)andswinefarms(n=19)inthesuburbsofBeijing.Differentsampleswereclassifiedconsideringdifferentstagesofswine(gestationalsows,lactatingsows,nurserypigs,growingpigs,finishingpigs).Thesamplesofslurryfromswinefarmweresampledfromoxidationpond.Allsampleswereanalyzedfortotalnitrogen,totalphosphorus,totalinorganicphosphorusetc.ThetotalconcentrationsofNandPwererespectively11.4~23.9mg/kgand4.5-8.6mg/kgincattlefeces,whilethecorrespondingvalueswererespectively17.7~35.4mg/kgand2.9-29.2mg/kginswinefeces.TheaverageconcentrationsofNandPinswinefeceswere1.63and2.21-foldgreaterthanthoseincattlefeces.TheconcentrationsofNandPinfecesofswineindifferentgrowthstageswererelativetothecorrespondingconcentrationsininfeeds.ThetotalconcentrationsofNandPwere45.7-3522.0and7.1-236.3mg/Lincattleslurry,whilethecorrespondingvalueswere1593-1793and90.4-94.6mg/Lswineslurry,respectively.TheconcentrationsofNandPinslurrymainlyaffectedbymanagementmodes(e.g.wateruseandsolid-liquidseparationetc.)offarmsandhadlesscorrelationwiththecorrespondingconcentrationsinfecesandfeeds.TheemissionsofNandPinswinefarmsfluctuatedwildlycomparedwithcattlefarms,resultinginhigherpotentialpollutionrisk.Improvingthefeedingmodel,adjustingthecontentofnutritioninthefeedcouldeffectivelyreducetheproduceofwaste,thustoreducetheriskofenvironmentalpollution.

139

AmmonianitrogenrecoveryfromcompostingleachatebystruvitecrystallizationpyrolysisrecycleprocessMissHuanhuanLi1,Dr.TaoZhang11ChinaAgriculturalUniversity,,


Withthedevelopmentofcompostingtechnology,largenumberofleachategenerated[1].9.6%to19.6%oftotalnitrogenislostintheformofcompostingleachate.Theammoniumnitrogenofnitrogencomponentinleachingsolutionisabout76.5to97.8%[2].Inthisresearch,struvitecrystallizationpyrolysisrecycleprocesshasbeenusedtorecoveryammoniumnitrogenincompostingleachate.Inthisexperiment,thecompostingleachatesampleswerecollectedfromcompostingreactorinthesuburbsofBeijing.TheparametersofthesamplesareshowninTable1.Table1:CharacteristicsoftheCompostingLeachateParameter Unit ConcentrationpH - 8.18±0.04Ec μs/cm 6.29±0.02NH4+-Nmg/L 375±17TKN mg/L 683±10TP mg/L 25.8±0.5UndertheconditionofpH9andMg2+:NH4+-N:PO43--Pmolarratio1.1:1:1-1.2:1:1,whenMgCl2+Na2HPO4wereusedaschemicals,theoptimalrecoveryefficiencyofammoniumnitrogenwas85%,whileMgO+H3PO4usedaschemicalsonlyachievetherecoveryefficiencyof74%.Inordertorecyclechemicalsforrepetitiveutilization,thestruviteproductwasheatedwithalkalitoreleaseammonia.Thepyrolysisproductswererecycleusedforammoniarecoveryfromcompostingleachate.Undertheconditionofhydroxyl:NH4+-Nmolarratioof1:1,theheatingtimeandheatingtemperaturewasoptimized.Whentheheatingtimereached3hours,therewaslittleammonianitrogenremainedinthestruviteproductandindicatedthatammoniahavebeendepleted.Attemperature90-95℃,the

concentrationtendedtobestable.Consideringtheactualcost,theheatingtemperatureof90-95℃andtheheatingtimeof3hwasoptimumforammoniareleasefromstruviteproducts.Thestruvitecrystallizationpyrolysisrecycleprocessisapromisingwayforrecyclechemicalstorecoveryammoniumnitrogenfromcompostingleachate.Thetemperatureof90-95℃andthetimeof3haretheoptimalconditionforammoniareleasefromstruviteproductsathydroxyl:NH4+-Nmolarratioof1:1.NationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina(No.31401944),NationalKeyTechnologyResearchandDevelopmentProgramofChina(No.2016YFD0501404-6).[1]Shu,Z.,Lu,Y.,Huang,J.,Zhang,W,2016.Treatmentofcompostleachatebythecombinationofcoagulationandmembraneprocess.ChineseJournalofChemicalEngineering,24(10),1369-1374.[2]Martins,O.,Dewes,T,1992.Lossofnitrogenouscompoundsduringcompostingofanimalwastes.BioresourceTechnology,42(2),103-111.

140

NutrientandheavymetallevelsindairyprocessingsludgeandtheirpotentialinrecyclingforagriculturalbenefitDr.S.M.Ashekuzzaman1,Dr.KarlRichards1,Dr.OwenFenton11Teagasc,EnvironmentalResearchCentre,JohnstownCastle,,Ireland

P.PosterPresentations-2.CropNutrition

Dairyprocessingsludge(DPS)istheby-productofthewastewatertreatmentprocessatmilkprocessingfacilities.IncreasedworldwidedemandfordairyproductscreatesanaddedchallengeofDPSmanagement,whichhasassociatedenvironmentalregulation.SustainablerecyclingofDPScouldmaximiseindustrialsymbiosisforoperationalperformanceandresourceefficiency.ThecurrentstudywasaimedtoelucidatethephysicochemicalparametersofDPS.Seasonal(n=3)DPSsamples(predominantlytwotypes:mixedsludgeafterbio-chemicaltreatmentprocessandlimetreatedsludgeafterdissolvedairfloatation(DAF)process)werecollectedfrom5dairyprocessingplantsacrossIreland.Sampleswereanalysedforphysicochemicalparameters(e.g.solidandorganicmatter,nutrients,heavymetalsandotherelementalcomposition)followingstandardsamplepreparation(homogenization,freezedryingandgrindinginmixermill).TheanalyticalmethodsusedwereICP-OES,spectrophotometricmeasurementsbyAquakem600DiscreteAnalyser,andLECOTruSpecCNanalyser.Resultsshowedthatthevaluesofdrymatter(DM,in%wt.)andtotalcontentofnutrients(kg/tonneDM)wereintherangeofDM=9.4–19.7,N=37–65,P=18–61,K=3.5–13.6formixedsludge(n=11)andDM=19–30,N=9.1–48.7,P=15–82,K=1.2–6.1forDAFsludge(n=5),respectively.ThelevelsofN,PandKinDPSaregenerallyhigherthanthosetypicallyobservedwithotherbio-wasteresources[1](e.g.cattleslurry,biosolids),whileDPSalsoshowinglowerheavymetalcontentscomparingsame.Moreover,heavymetalslevelsinDPSaresignificantlylowerthanthoseregulatedbytheEuropeanUnioninagriculturallandduetosludgerecycling[2].Theseresultssuggestthepotentialforagri-recyclingofDPSasorganicfertiliser.AnestimatedevaluationdemonstrateshigherfinancialvalueofDPS(€13−22tonne-1)thancattleslurry(~€5.4tonne-1)consideringtotalcontentofnutrientlevels.So,thereisaneedtoevaluatetheirfertiliserreplacementvalue(FRV)whenappliedtograssland.TheresultsindicatethatDPScontainshighnutrientlevels,particularlyP.Thevariationinmajornutrientcontentsandotherphysicochemicalcompositionweremorecontrastingacrossdifferentplantsandsludgetypesthanthoseacrossseasonalsamples.FollowonstudieswillelucidateDPSFRVandenvironmentallossofnutrientsfollowingDPSapplication.ThisworkhasbeensupportedbyEnterpriseIrelandunderDairyProcessingTechnologyCentre(DPTC)programme.GrantAgreementNumberTC20140016.[1]Wall,D.P.andPlunkett,M.(Eds.).2016.MajorandMicroNutrientAdviceForProductiveAgriculturalCrops.JohnstownCastle,Wexford:Teagasc,EnvironmentResearchCentre.[2]EC,(2001).Disposalandrecyclingroutesforsewagesludge.Part2-RegulatoryReport,EuropeanCommission.

141

SoilnutrientavailabilityincreasedwithcatchcropplantinginafertigatedgreenhousevegetablesystemMrBingqianFan1,MsLingyunKang1,MsShuoChen1,MrQingChen11ChinaAgriculturalUniversity,,China


ThecommoncontinuouscroppinghascausedsoildegradationandsuccessivecroppingobstacleingreenhousevegetablesysteminChina.Catchcrophasbeenintroducedinsummerfallowtoreducenutrientlosses,improvebiologicalenvironmentandenhancecropproductivity.However,littleinformationisavailableastohowcatchcropresiduewithhighC/Naffectssoilnutrientavailability.A3-yeargreenhouseexperimentwasconductedtoinvestigatetheeffectofcatchcropplantingandresidueincorporationonsoilnutrientavailabilityinBeijing,China.ThesweetcornusedascatchcropwasplantedornotduringthesummerfallowseasonfromlateJunetoearlySeptemberbetweenthedouble-croppingseasons.ThefruityieldsandNPKuptakeswerecalculatedduringeachseason.Thesoilsampleswerecollectedat0-1.8mdepthafter3yearsplantingtotestthesoilnutrientcontent.TherewasnosignificantdifferenceinfruityieldsandNPKuptakesinanygrowingseasonbetweenthetwotreatments.Catchcrop(CC)significantlyincreasedtheaccumulativesoilmineralnitrogenanddissolvedorganicnitrogen(SON)by517and409kgNha-1in0-180cmsoillayerandtheSON/STNwasalsoincreasedfrom28%to34%.Thesoilavailablephosphorusandpotassiumin0-30cminCCtreatmentwerereached164and379gkg-1andwere46.5%and2.5%higherthanfallowtreatment.However,soilECinCCtreatmentwas429.5μs/cm,whichwas22%lowerthanfallowtreatment.Itispossiblythattheexcessivesoilnutrientsinthedeepsoillayercanbeproportionallyremovalbycatchcropwithdeeprootandsubsequentlyresidueincorporationwasconducivetomaintainhighavailablenutrientinrootzone.Thenutrientcyclingpromotionbyadditionofexogenousorganicmatterformresiduemightbeanotherreason.CatchcropplantingtogetherwithresidueincorporationwasanefficienttooltomaintainhighavailableNPKcontentsinintensivevegetablecroppingsystemandgiventhepotentialtoreducethefertilizerinputandincreasethenutrientuseefficiency.

142

EffectsofSpentCoffeeGroundsasorganicamendmentonthemineralnutritionofLactucasativa.AninvitroassayinanagriculturalMediterraneansoilMsAnaCervera-Mata1,MrJoséÁngelRufián-Henares2,MrSergioPérez-Burillo2,MsSilviaPastoriza2,MrGabrielDelgado11DepartmentofSoilScienceandAgriculturalChemistry.UniversityofGranada.,Granada,Spain,2DepartmentofNutritionandBromatrology.UniversityofGranada.,Granada,Spain


Organicamendments,suchasspentcoffeegrounds(SCG),couldmodifythenutritionofcultivatedplantsbyincorporationorblockofmineralelementsandalsobyavailabilityimprovementofnutrientsinsoils.TheobjectiveistoinvestigatehowtheadditionofdifferentsamontsofSCGmodifiesthemineralnutritionofLactucasativa.Theinvitroassay(monitoredclimaticchamber,60days)wasperformedwithLactucasativavar.longifoliainanagriculturalMediterraneansoil.TheSCGwereaddedwithincreasingconcentrationsfrom1%upto15%.Thecontentofessentialnutrients(N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Fe,Mg,MoandCu)andtoxicelements(Se,Hg,AsandPb)wereanalyzedinplantsbyICP-MSpreviousaciddigestion.TheSCGadditioninhibitedtheabsorptionofessentialelementssuchasN,K,Ca,Mg,Cu,ZnandSi,regardlessoftheconcentrationofSCG.Therefore,theabsorptionofsometoxicelements,suchasHgandAs,wasinhibited.ThiseffectmaybeduetotheblockoftheseelementsonthesurfaceofSCGparticlesbyelectrostaticabsorptionorquimisorption.Accordingly,SCGaresometimesusedtoalleviatesoilcontaminationduetotheirlowcontentofheavymetalsandtheadsorptioncapacityofsomeoftheseelements[1].Ontheotherhand,theSCGadditionincreasedthemovilizationofFe,V,MnandCo.ThiseffecthasbeenrelatedtothechelatingeffectofthecomponentspresentinSCG,suchascaffeine,melanoidinsandpolyphenols[2].ThequantitiesofSe,Pb,PandMoinplantdidnothavealinearorproportionalbehaviortotheamountsofSCGadded.TheuseofSCGasorganicamendmentinagriculturalsoilshasacontradictoryeffectonnutrientsandtoxicelementsabsorptionbyvegetables.Itmovilizesinsomecasesandblockinothers.Furtherresearchisneedinordertounravelthemechanismsthatcontrolsuchbehavior.SupportedbyprojectAGL2014-53895-RfromtheSpanishMinistryofEconomyandCompetitivenessandbytheEuropeanRegionalDevelopmentFund(FEDER).[1]Kim,M.-S.,Min,H.-G.,Koo,N.,Park,J.,Lee,S.-H.,Bak,G.-I.,Kim,J.-G.,2014.J.Environ.Manage,146,124–130.[2]Morikawa,C.K.,Saigusa,M.,2011.J.Sci.FoodAgric,91,2108–2111.

143

NutrientcontentoffarmyardmanuresfromorganicfarmsinIrelandMr.DanClavin1,Mr.JamesMcDonnell2,Mr.MarkPlunkett3,Ms.ElaineLeavy4,Dr.DavidWall31Teagasc,,RuralEconomyandDevelopmentProgramme,,Ireland,2Teagasc,,RuralEconomyandDevelopmentProgramme,,Ireland,3Teagasc,,Crops,EnvironmentandLandUseProgramme,,Ireland,4Teagasc,,RuralEconomyandDevelopmentProgramme,,Ireland


IncreasedfocusinIreland,andinternationally,hasbeenplacedonincreasingtheproportionoflandunderorganicmanagement.Farmyardmanure(FYM)providesanimportantsoilfertilityinputonorganicfarms.ThisstudyaimstodeterminethenutrientcontentofFYMfromorganiccattlefarmsinIrelandandtocomparenutrientvaluestothosespecifiedinnationalregulation/guidelines.FYMwassampledandanalysedovera4yearperiodfromarangeofbeefanddairyfarmsusingorganicproductionmethods.Samplesweretakenatleast0.5mfromthesurfaceoftheheapandmostlyrangedinagebetween3monthsto10months.Samplesweresenttoaregisteredlaboratorytodetermine%drymatter(%D.M.),totalnitrogen(N),totalammonium-N(NH4-N),totalphosphorus(P)andtotalpotassium(K)(kg/tfresh).StatisticswereconductedusingSAS9.3.Summaryresultsarepresentedasfollows.Averagetotaldrymatterwas24.9%(n=16)witharangebetween14.3%and40.1%.Averagenutrientconcentrationswere5.10(range2.14to8.09;n=18),0.49(range0.05to1.29;n=12),1.02(rangefrom0.48to2.21;n=18)and6.80(rangefrom1.45to10.70;n=18)fortotalN,totalNH4-N,totalPandtotalKrespectively(kg/tfresh).TheresultsshowalargedegreeofvariationinnutrientconcentrationofFYMbothwithinandbetweenfarms.IncomparisontothenutrientcontentofFYMspecifiedinnationalregulation(NandP)andTeagascextensionadvice(K),Ncontent(5.10kg/tpresentstudyv4.5kg/tguideline)andKcontent(6.80kg/tpresentstudyv6.0kg/tguideline)werehigherinthisstudy,whilePcontent(1.02kg/tpresentstudyv1.2kg/tguideline)waslower.Furtheranalyseswillbediscussedinthisposter.ThesesummaryresultsindicatethatthenutrientcontentofFYMvariedwidelyandonaveragedifferedtothenutrientcontentspecifiedinnationalregulation/guidelines(Anon,2014;Teagasc,2016).Althoughthisisapreliminarystudy,itmayleadtoare-considerationofthenutrientcontentofFYMfororganicfarms.TheauthorsacknowledgethefinancialsupportfromtheDepartmentofAgriculture,FoodandtheMarine(DAFM)forFYManalyses.Anon.(2014).EuropeanCommunities(GoodAgriculturalPracticeforProtectionofWaters)Regulations2014.SI31of2014.DepartmentofEnvironment,HeritageandLocalGovernment.TheStationaryOffice,Dublin,49pp.Teagasc(2016).Majorandmicronutrientadviceforproductiveagriculturalcrops.Eds:D.WallandM.Plunkett.

144

LeafareaindexofperennialryegrasspasturessubjectedtodifferentanaerobicdigestatefertilisationsMScJanersonJoseCoelho1,PhDImeldaCasey1,PhDTonyWoodcock1,PhDNablaKennedy11WaterfordInstituteofTechnology,Waterford,Ireland


Anaerobicdigestatesareusefulfertilisersastheyprovidenutrientsforplantgrowth[1,3].Asanindicationofplantgrowth,leafareaindex(LAI)isavaluabletoolinpasturemanagement[2].TheobjectiveofthisstudywastoanalysetheeffectofanaerobicdigestateapplicationsontheLAIofgrasslandswardsdominatedbyperennialryegrass(Loliumperenne).Theexperimentwasconductedinperennialryegrassplots,inWaterford,Ireland,duringspring-summer2016.Fertilisationtreatmentswereoffourtypes:anaerobicdigestate,cattleslurry,chemicalfertiliserandacontrol(nofertilisation).Arandomizedblockdesignwasestablishedwiththreereplicates.Atotalofthreefertilisationsandharvestingswereperformed,withanintervalof45daysbetweenharvests.LAIwasmeasuredusingAccuPARLP-80atharvestingtime.ThetreatmentswerecomparedbyANOVAfollowedbyDuncantest(P<0.05).Atthefirstharvesting,plotsthatreceivedanaerobicdigestatesfromcombinedfarm/foodwastesexhibitedsuperiorplantgrowth(LAI=5.63and5.49,respectively)comparedtochemicalfertiliser,cattleslurry,andcontrol(LAI=4.10,3.64and3.77),whilesewagesludgedigestatepresentedintermediateresults(LAI=4.68)(P<0.05).Atthesecondharvesting,LAIremainedhigher(P<0.05)intheplotsthatreceivedanaerobicdigestatesfromfarm/foodwastes,buttherewasnodifferenceamongdigestatesandcattleslurry(P>0.05).Atthirdharvesting,therewasnodifferenceamongfertilisers,withalldigestates,slurry,andchemicalfertilisershowinghigherplantgrowththanthecontrol(P<0.05).Theanaerobicdigestatesevaluatedpositivelyinfluencedgrassgrowth,whichmaybeduetoavailabilityofnutrientsortootherfactorssuchassoil/rhizospheremicrobiotastimulation.Anaerobicdigestatefertilisershavebeenassociatedwithincreasesingrassyieldsinfield[1]andpottrials[3].Anaerobicdigestatespositivelyaffectedplantgrowthinperennialryegrassswards.Furtherinvestigationsarerequiredtodetermineifthisoccurredduetonutrientavailability,microbiotastimulationofsoil/rhizospherezones,phytohormone-likeeffects,oracombinationofthesefactors.ConselhoNacionaldeDesenvolvimentoCientíficoeTecnológico(CNPq),WaterfordInstituteofTechnologyandTeagascMoorepark.[1]Bougnom,B.P.,Niederkofler,C.,Knapp,B.etal.2012.BiomassandBioenergy39,290-295[2]Korte,C.J.,Watkin,B.R.;Harris,W.1982.NewZealandJournalofAgriculturalResearch25,309-319[3]Walsh,J.J.,Jones,D.L.,Edwards-Jones,G.etal.2012.JournalofPlantNutritionandSoilScience175:840-845.

145

OrganicandmineralmanuresinfluencethenutritionalstateoflettuceandthesoilinsuccessivecropsDrLUIZANTONIODECOSTA1,DrDercioCeriPereira1,DraMônicaSarolliSilvadeMendonçaCosta1,MScHigorEistenFrancisconiLorin1,MrLeonardoSteimbach2,AgriculturalEngineerDarciPedroLealJr.21RHESAResearchGrouponWaterResourcesandEnvironmentalSanitation,WesternParanaStateUniversity-UNIOESTE,AgriculturalEngineeringGraduateProgram-PGEAGRI,Cascavel,Brazil,2UndergraduatestudentofAgriculturalEngineering-WesternParanaStateUniversity-UNIOESTE,Cascavel,Brazil


Theuseoforganiccompostbringsinnumerableadvantagestoplantdevelopmentandsoilproperties[1].However,thenutrientsuptakedynamic,mainlyinvegetableproductionsystems,isaffectedbythemanuresource.Theaimwastoevaluatetheeffectsoforganicandmineralmanure,withorwithoutbiocharaddition,inthenutritionalstatusoflettuceandonthesoilinsuccessivecrops.Eightlettucecropswereconductedduringoneyear.Eachcropoflettucewasfertilizedwithrecommendedmineralfertilizerorwith50t/haoforganiccompost(fromagroindustrialwastes)bothwithorwithout2t/haofakindofbiochar(coalfromagroindustrialuse).Thetreatmentswere:Control(withoutfertilization);Mineralfertilizer(M);M+Biochar(MB);OrganicCompost(C)andC+Biochar(CB).Thevariablesanalyzedwerethenutritionalstatusoflettuceandsoilcontentofphosphorusandpotassium.Allthefertilizationsourcesusedprovidedadequatenutritionalstatusfornitrogenandpotassiumfromthesecondcropoflettuce,butonlyfromthesixthcropthelevelsofleafphosphoruswereadequate.Inthesoil,thetreatmentsCandCBpromotedphosphorusandpotassiumbuildupduetofrequentfertilizationanditisalsorelatedtotheresidualeffectoforganicmanure.Withphosphorusathighlevelsthesoillosesitsnutrientretentioncapacityandcancausepollutionwhenthevaluesareabove100mg/dm³[2].ThisfactwasobservedforCandCBtreatmentsinthefourthcrop.Concerningthepotassium,itwasobservedthatthelevelsinthesoilexceededtheveryhighconsideredvalue(0.3cmolc/dm³).Theexcessofpotassiummaycompromisetheabsorptionofmagnesium,manganese,iron,zincandcalciumbyplants[3].Forthisreason,adequatelevelsoforganicmanureareneeded.Organiccompostandmineralfertilizerprovideadequatenutritionalstatusoflettuce.Theuseofbiochardoesnotinterferewiththenutritionalstatusoflettuceandthechemicalpropertiesofthesoil.Theuseoforganiccompostineachlettucecropprovidesphosphorusandpotassiumaccumulationinthesoil.TheauthorsthankIndustrialPenitentiaryofCascavelforthesupplyandCAPESforthesecondauthor´sscholarship.[1]Rossini-Oliva,S.;Mingorance,M.D.;Pena,A.2017.Chemosphere,168,183-190.[2]Sharpley,A.N.;Daniel,T.;Sims,T.;Lemunyon,J.;Stevens,R.;Parry,R.2003.Agriculturalphosphorusandeutrophication.2ºed.USDA.AgriculturalResearchService.ARS–149.44p.[3]Pinamonti,F.1998.NutrientCyclinginAgroecosystems,51,3,239-248.

146

FertilisationandyieldsofcropsovertimeforarableanddairyfarmsintheNetherlandsCoDaatselaar1,HenriPrins1,MargaHoogeveen1,TanjaDeKoeijer11WageningenEconomicResearch,TheHague,theNetherlands


Insightindevelopmentsovertimeindicatesifnutrientpolicies,liketheEUNitrateDirectiveandadditionalnationalpolicies,influencetheuseofnutrientsandcropyields.EveryfourorfiveyearstheDutchnutrientpoliciesareevaluatedtoinvestigateifgoalsaremetforwhichdataoftheDutchMineralsPolicyMonitoringProgram(LMM)areused.DataonuseofnitrogenandphosphateandcropyieldswerederivedfromLMMaftercollectionbyWageningenEconomicResearchovertheperiod2006-2014.Bycalculatingproductiononfarms,addingsupplyfromelsewhere,subtractingdisposalabroadandcorrectingforstockchanges,availableamountsofnitrogenandphosphateinanimalmanureforapplicationcouldbecomputed.Moreoverapplicationpercropwasrecordedaswellasuseofchemicalfertiliser,useoforganicmanurelikecompostandcropyields.Sinceapplicationstandardsfornitrogenfromanimalmanuredidnotchangefrom2006onwards,applicationofnitrogenbyanimalmanurewasconstantondairyfarms.Becauseoflowerapplicationstandardsforphosphateduringtheresearchperiodarablefarmershadtoswitchfrompigmanurewithhigherphosphatecontentstocattlemanureandcompostwithlowerphosphatecontentstostillmeettheircroprequirementsonnitrogenandorganicmatter.Lowerphosphatestandardsheavilydecreaseduseofchemicalphosphatefertiliser.Useofchemicalnitrogenfertiliserwasquitestableovertimealthoughapplicationstandardsfortotalnitrogendecreased:inthebeginningfarmersdidnotfillupallspacetheyhadwithinthesestandards.Cropyieldsdidnotdecreaseduringtheresearchperiodandsomecropslikeforagemaizeshowedyieldincreases.Asfarascouldbeverified,yieldswouldnothavebeenhigherifapplicationstandardshadnotbeenlimiting.Intheperiod2006-2014arableanddairyfarmersintheNetherlandsconsiderablyreducedtheuseofphosphate,mainlybydroppingtheamountsofchemicalfertiliser.Nitrogenuseremainedconstantwithsomeexchangebetweenanimalmanureandotherorganicmanure.Cropyieldsdidnotsufferfromthismanuremanagement.

147

RapidincorporationincreasesfertiliserNreplacementvalueofpigslurryforspringbarley.DrRichieHackett11Teagasc,CropsResearchCentre,Ireland


Background&ObjectivesLiquidpigmanureorpigslurrycanbeusedasanitrogen(N)fertiliserforcropsbutnitrogenislostasammoniaaftersurfaceapplicationofpigslurryifitisnotincorporated.Theobjectiveofthisexperimentwastodeterminetheeffectofspeedofincorporationonthenitrogenfertiliserreplacementvalue(NFRV)ofpigslurry.MaterialsandMethodsAnexperimentwasconductedwherepigslurrywaseitherincorporated,byploughing,withineitheronehourorthreedaysofapplication.Atreatmentwithoutpigslurryapplicationwasalsoincluded.SpringbarleywassubsequentlygrownwitharangeoffertiliserNlevels(0-200kgN/ha).Grainyieldwasdetermined.NFRV,theamountoffertiliserNrequired,withoutslurryapplication,togivethesameyieldastheslurrytreatmentwithoutanyfertiliserN,wascalculated.ResultsandDiscussionNFRVoftheslurrywasreducedbydelayedincorporationcomparedtoimmediateincorporation,eventhoughthedelayinincorporationwasonlythreedaysandlowDMslurry(3.2%)wasusedwhichwouldhavebeenexpectedtoinfiltrateintothesoilrelativelyquickly.TheNFRVforthedelayedploughingtreatmentwas42kgN/ha(32%ofappliedslurryN)comparedto64kgN/ha(57%ofappliedslurryN)fortheimmediateploughtreatment.TheeconomicoptimumfertiliserNamountwasreducedby74kgN/hawhereslurrywasincorporatedwithinonehourofapplicationcomparedtoareductionof35kgN/hawhereincorporationofslurrywasdelayed.ThiswasdespitesomewhatmoreNbeingappliedwhereslurryapplicationwasdelayed(130kgN/haversus113kgN/ha),duetovariationintheNcontentoftheslurryused.ConclusionImmediateincorporationofpigslurryisimportantformaximisingitsfertiliserNvalue.DelayedincorporationofpigslurrycansubstantiallyreduceitsNFRV.AcknowledgementThisresearchwasfundedbyDAFMResearchStimulusfund.TheauthorthanksEddieYoungforassistancewithfieldwork.

148

NitrogenfertilizationeffectonintercroppedpeaandoatsharvestedasgreenfodderinNorthernSwedenPhDstudentMiriamLarsson1,AssociateProfessorCeciliaPalmborg11SLU,Umeå,Sweden


Legume-cerealintercropsharvestedaswhole-cropsilagecanbeagoodsupplementinthedietforhighmilkingdairycows.InnorthernSwedenstudiesonlegume-cerealintercropsarefew,andfertilizationtrialsaresofarmissing.Theaimofthisstudywastoevaluatetheeffectaftermineralfertilizerandcattleslurryapplicationonnitrogenleaching,nitrogenfixationandbiomassproduction.Apea-oatintercropwassowninarandomisedsplit-blockfieldtrialfortwoseasonsasaffectedbysevenfertilizationtreatments:threelevelsofcattleslurry,threelevelsofmineralnitrogenfertilizer,andonecontrolwithoutnitrogen.Thetrialwasmonitoredequal;pea:oatsowingratiowas80:20(2015)and60:40(2016).Atthreedifferenttimessoilwassampledtoestimatesoilinorganicnitrogen.Atharvestbotanicalanalysesweredone,andnitrogenfixationwasdeterminedthroughthe15Nnaturalabundancemethod.Atharvestpea:oatratiowas90:6in2015and25:75in2016.In2016peadidnotdevelopproperlyduetoabioticstress,mainlylowpH,andoatsoutcompetedpeasintheintercrop.Yield,nitrogenfixationandcrudeproteindidnotdifferbetweentreatments,anyoftheyears,butduetothelowerpeaproportionin2016itdifferedbetweentheyears.Averageyieldwas6.0tonin2015and6.3tonin2016.Nitrogenfixationperhectarewas126.8kgin2015and81.4kgin2016.SoilinorganicnitrogendifferencesinthesoilprofilebetweenharvestandsowingandbetweenendofOctoberandafterharvestdidnotdiffersignificantlybetweentreatmentsanyoftheyears.Apossibleexplanationcouldbethatnitrogenapplicationratesdidnotdiffermuchbetweentreatments.Nitrogendenitrificationafterawetspringin2015couldalsobeareasonforthatyear.Nitrogenfertilizationdoesnotimproveproductionandqualityofapea-oatintercrop.However,peadevelopmentisimportantandabioticstresscannegativelyaffectpeadevelopmentanditscompetiveness,andthusfodderquality.Highernitrogenapplicationsdonotincreasetheriskofnitrogenleachingwhenapplicationratesarelowtomoderate.ThisresearchwasfundedbyRJN,RegionalAgriculturalResearchforNorthernSweden.

149

NewfibrousrecalcitrantresourcesderivedfromPhoenixdactylifera(palmtree)biomassforbagcultureproductionoftomatoesProfRaulMoral1,Mr.AlbertoVico1,Dr.JavierAndreu-Rodriguez2,Dr.EnriqueAgullo1,Mr.JoseSaez-Tovar1,Dra.MariaDoloresPerez-Murcia1,Dra.AureliaPerez-Espinosa1,Dra.MarianBustamante1,Dra.ConcepcionParedes1,Dr.XavierBarber11AgrochemistryandEnvironmentDept.,MiguelHernandezUniversity(UMH),EPS-Orihuela,Orihuela,Spain,2EngineeringDept.,MiguelHernandezUniversity(UMH),EPS-Orihuela,Orihuela,Spain,3AppliedStatisticalUnit,OperationsResearchCenter,MiguelHernandezUniversity,,Spain


PerliteisanexogenousresourceinMediterraneancountriesmostlyusedinsoillessproduction,especiallyforthebagculturecroppingoftomatoes.Themainpurposeofthisworkwastostudytheviabilityofusingthreefibrousorganicmaterialsderivedfrompalmtree(PhoenixdactyliferaL.)asingredientinbinarymixtureswithperliteforthecommercialproductionofLycopersiconesculentumMill.LycopersiconesculentumMill.cv.Boludowasusedinsoillessconfinedconditions(25Lplasticbags)totesttendifferentgrowingmediapreparedusingpalm-derivedorganicmaterials:CL,binarycompostfrombiosolid-palmtreeleafpruning;CT,binarycompostfrombiosolid-palmtreetrunksandOB,organicblendCLandpelletsofCT(50-50%volume).Eachrespectivematerial(CL,CTandOB)wasmixedwithperliteat25%,50%and75%(v:v),usingascontroltreatment100%perlite.Thetypeofpalm-derivedmaterialhadnotsignificanteffectonfruitquality(ºBrix,acidityorwatercontent),exceptforOBthatshowedhigherºBrix.100%perlitemediareducedthewatercontentinfruitscomparedtotheproposedsubstitutions.Theyieldincreasedintheorganicderivedmediacomparedtocontrol;however,itwasnotobservedadirectrelationshipdependingonthesubstitutionpercentage,the50%substitutionbeingthemosteffective.CTandOBproducedahigheryieldandnumberoffruitscomparedtoCLand100%perlite.Plantdevelopmentwasdirectlyenhancedbytheincreasingpresenceofpalm-derivedmaterials,exceptforthetotalsubstitutionofperlite(100%),withoutobservingsignificantdifferencesassociatedtothetypeofthepalm-derivedmaterialused.Significantdifferenceswerefoundontomatocroppingdependingonthepalm-derivedmaterialsevaluated(CL,CTandOB)and100%perliteCTandOBhavebeenshownasthemostadequateforpartialsubstitutionofperlite,withanoptimumsubstitutionof50%intermsofquality,yieldandmorphologicalaspects.FinancedbytheSpanishMinistryEconomy&Competitiveness(AGL2013-41612-R)andEuropeanRegionalDevelopmentFunds(ERDF,‘‘UnamaneradehacerEuropa’’).

150

SoilandCropresponsetolong-termpapermillbiosolidsapplicationinEasternCanadaZiadiNoura1,BernardGagnon11QuebecResearchandDevelopmentCentre,AgricultureandAgri-FoodCanada,2560,HochelagaBlvd,QuebecCity,Canada,G1V2J3


Intensiveagriculturalpracticeshavebroughtaboutsoildegradationinparticularthelossofsoilorganicmatter(SOM).Addingexogenousmaterialsuchaspapermillbiosolids(PMBs)canrestorestheproductivityofdegradedsoils.ThePMBsareavaluablesourceofnutrientsforfieldcropsbutlittleisknownabouttheeffectivenessoftheirrepeatedapplications.Theobjectiveofourstudywastoassesstheeffectofcontinuous(9yrs:2000-2009)andresidualapplications(8yrs:2016)ofPMBsoncropyieldsandsoilfertility.Afieldstudywasinitiatedin2000ineasternCanadainanimperfectlyflatdrainedChaloupeloam(OrthicHumicGleysol;130gclay,453gsilt,417gsandkg-1drysoil).Duringthefirstnineyears,treatments,inarandomizedcompleteblockdesignwithfourreplicates,weremanuallyappliedtothesameplotsatsidedress,aboutfourtofiveweeksaftercropseeding,andleftonthesoilsurfacebetweencroprows.Since2009,noPMBswereapplied.From2000to2016,drymatteryieldswereestimatedandplantswereanalysedfordifferentparametersincludingphosphorus(P)andnitrogen(N)contents.SoilsweresampledeitherinspringorafterharvestandwerecharacterizedespeciallyforN,P,SOM,andheavymetalscontents.CropyieldswerenotsignificantlyaffectedbytreatmentsinthefirstthreeyearsbutsubsequentapplicationsofPMBsincreasedyields.ThelownutrientcontentofPMBsduringthesefirstthreeyearsmayexplainthislackofpositiveresponse.In2016,significanteffectonyieldandsoilchemicalpropertieswasfoundeightyearsaftertheendofnineyearsofcontinuousPMBsapplication.Morespecifically,PMBsappliedat60Mgwetha-1achievedyieldscomparabletomineralfertilizerundermaizeproductionandsignificantlyincreasedsoilorganicmatterandallmajorsoilnutrients.WeconcludedthatPMBscanbeeffectivelyappliedtoagriculturalsoilsovermanyyearswhenPMBsdoesnotexceed60Mgwetha-1yr-1andrepeatedPMBsapplicationimprovedsoilfertilityandthisimprovementcanbesustainedforyears.

151

UseofflowerwastecompostsasorganicamendmentforroseproductionProf.J.Idrovo-Novillo1,Prof.I.Gavilanes-Terán1,Prof.N.Veloz-Mayorga1,Prof.R.Pinos-Neira1,Prof.R.Erazo-Arrieta1,Prof.C.Paredes21PolytechnicSchoolofChimborazo,Riobamba,Ecuador,6MiguelHernandezUniversity,Orihuela,Spain


Ecuadorianfloricultureoccupiesaverylargearea,9,327hectares[1],andgeneratesapproximately5,000tonsofwastes/year.Thesewastescanbetreatedbycompostingandthenincorporatedintothefarmingproductivecycleasorganicamendments.Therefore,theaimofthisworkwastodeterminetheeffectsofdifferentflowerwastecompostsonsoilpropertiesandonroseyieldandquality.Fourtreatmentsweresetup:acontrolwithtraditionalamendment(non-stabilisedflowerwastes)(C);compostelaboratedusingflowerwasteandbroilerchickenmanure(C1);compostelaboratedusingflowerwasteandLeghornlayinghenmanure(C2);andcompostelaboratedusingflowerwasteandlayingquailmanure(C3).Theamendmentapplicationratewasadjustedtoreachanorganicmattercontentinthesoilof4.5%.Soilphysico-chemicalandchemicalpropertiesandtheyieldandmarketableparametersoftherosesweredetermined.Thesoilapplicationofcompostsimprovedsoilfertilityincomparisontothecontroltreatment,sinceavailablemacronutrientsandtotalNwereincreasedsignificantlybythefertilisationwiththeseamendments.ThecomposttreatmentsincreasedthesoilpH;however,thisdidnotreducetheconcentrationofavailablesoilmicronutrients.Also,theadditionoftheseorganicamendmentsreducedthesoilsalinityrelativetothetreatmentwiththenon-stabilisedflowerwastes(control).Thisresultisveryimportantforthecontinuedcultivationofrosesinthesamefacility,sinceahighcontentofsaltsinthesoilisalimitingfactorforthegrowthofroseplants[2].Finally,accordingtoanANOVA,theinteractionbetweentreatmentswithregardtomeanfloweryield,floweringstemlength,flowerdiameterandvaselifeofflowerswasnotsignificant.Theseparameterswereintherangesof200,000-270,000flowers/ha,46.92-53.75cm,34.15-37.44cmand13-14days,respectively.Fromthedataobtained,itcanbeconcludedthattheapplicationoftheflowerwastecompoststosoilproducedpositiveeffectsonsoilfertilityandthesecompostsdidnotleadtophytotoxiceffectsontheroseplantsoronthequalityofflowersobtained.TheauthorsthankWhiteRiverRoses(RíoBlanco(Penipe)–Ecuador)forthepracticalfulfilmentofthisexperiment.[1]INEC,2013.SurveyAreaandAgriculturalProduction.http://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/estadisticas-agropecuarias-2/(February24,2017)[2]FAO.1990.ProtectedCultivationintheMediterraneanClimate.FAOPlantProductionandProtectionDivision90,Rome.

152

Adsorptionionscapacityofbiocharfromagro-industrialwasteDraMônicaSarolliSilvadeMendonçaCosta1,DrDercioCeriPereira1,DrLuizAntoniodeMendonçaCosta1,DrHelderVasconcelos2,DrDivairChrist2,Mr.DarciPedroLealJr.1,MScHigorE.FrancisconiLorin11RHESAResearchGrouponWaterResourcesandEnvironmentalSanitation,WesternParanaStateUniversity-UNIOESTE,AgriculturalEngineeringGraduateProgram-PGEAGRI,Cascavel,Brazil,2UNIOESTE-WesternParanaStateUniversity,Cascavel,Brazil


Intheagro-industry,coalfragmentsgeneratedinthethermaldecompositionofwoodareconsideredwastesandmaypresentsimilarcharacteristicstobiochar,suchasthecapacityfornutrientsadsorption[1].Thestudyaimwastodeterminetheconditionsforbetteradsorptionofammonium,phosphateandpotassiumofaqueoussolutionbybiocharfromagro-industrialwastes.Theassaywasconductedinlabconditionsandinvolvedtheuseofthreebiocharmasses(0.1,0.2and3gL-1),threepHlevels(5,6and7)andthreedosesofN,P,K.Eachconditionwasaddedin250mLflasks,stirredat180rpmfor24hoursandthenfilteredtoobtaintheextracts.TheamountsofNH4+,phosphateandKadsorbedbybiocharwerecalculatedbythedifferencebetweentheinitialandfinalconcentrationsofthenutrients.Allthenutrientsweremoreadsorbedbybiocharwhenaddedinhigherconcentration.Thehighestadsorptionofbothammonium(12mg/g)andphosphate(120mg/g)wasunderhighpHconditions(>7,0)andlowerbiocharmasses(0,1to0,032g).Thelowermassesofbiocharpresentedbetteradsorptioninrelationtoioncompetitionbytheadsorptionsitesonthebiocharsurfaceandpores[2].ThehigherPotassiumadsorption(25mg/g)occurredatacidicandalkalinepHandhighermassesofbiochar(0.3to0.368g).Thus,theincreaseofthebiocharmassincreasedthepossibilitiesofnegativechargesforpotassiumadsorption,whichcanbeattributedtothehydrationofthecationinaqueoussolutionandduetothelesscompetitionwithdivalentcations[3].TheammoniumandphosphateadsorptionisfavouredbyhighpHandlowermassofbiochar.TheconditionforbetterpotassiumadsorptionistheuseoflargermassofbiocharindependentlyofthesolutionpH.TheauthorsthankCAPESforthescholarshiptothesecondauthor.[1]Li,R.;Wang,J.J.;Zhou,B.;etal.2017.JournalofCleanerProduction,147,96-107.[2]Sarkhot,D.V.;Ghezzehei,T.A.;Berhe,A.A.2013.JournalofEnvironmentalQuality,42,1545-1554.[3]Xu,R.K.;Qafoku,N.P.;VanRanst,E.;etal.2016.AdvancesinAgronomy,135,1-58.

153

DifferenttypesofcompostorganicmatterinfluencethegrowthofspringbarleyMrsIndrėVišniauskė1,MrsEugenijaBakšienė2,MrRomasMažeika31LithuanianResearchCentreforAgricultureandForestry,AgrochemicalResearchLaboratory,Kaunas,Lithuania,2LithuanianResearchCentreforAgricultureandForestry,VokėBranch,Vilnius,Lithuania,3LithuanianResearchCentreforAgricultureandForestry,InstituteofAgriculture,AgrobiologyLaboratory,Kaunas,Lithuania


Thedisposaloflargequantitiesoforganicwastesproducedbymunicipal,agriculturalandagroindustrialactivitiescausesenergetic,economic,andenvironmentalproblems.Compostisanessentialorganicfertiliserforrecoveringorganicmatterindegradedsoils.Theaimofthisworkwastodeterminetheinfluenceofdifferentcompostorganicmattersonspringbarleygrowth.Thisworkinvestigatedfivetypesofcompost-greenwasteandfoodwaste,sewagesludge,manure,biogasproductionwaste.Tenspringbarleyplantsweresowninpots.Thepotswerefilledwithsoil–compostsubstrate.Compostcontentinthesoilwas-0%,10%,20%,30%,40%.Biometricmeasurementsonspringbarleyweretaken:plantheight,lengthofthespike,strawweightand1000grainweight.Grainandstrawmoistureandnitrogencontent(indrymatter)werealsodetermined.Themaximumcontentoforganicmatterandorganiccarbonwasobservedinbiogasproductionwastecompost.Foodwasteandsewagesludgecompostsexhibitedsimilarcontentoforganicmatterandtheorganiccarbon(Zbytniewskietal.,2005).Manurecompostwasrichinorganicmatter–63,1%.Themaximumgrowthofspringbarleywasobservedinfoodwastecompostandinthebiogasproductionwaste.Plantheightwasvariedintherangebetween41,0-53,7cm,lengthofthespike–5,0-7,3cm,strawweight–19,6-29,1g,1000grainsweight–44,3-49,1g.Byincreasingcompostconcentrationinthesoil,theplantsbiometricalmeasurementsvalueswerehigher.Inthespringbarleystrawmoisturecontentrangedfrom7,5-9,5%andnitrogencontentwas–0,49–2,8%acrossthecomposttreatments.Grainmoisturecontentwasverysimilar–10,2–11,6%,andnitrogencontentrangedfrom1,4-3,4%acrossthecomposttreatments.Theresultsshowedthatdifferenttypesofcompostsincreasedorganicmattercontentinthesoil.Compostimprovingspringbarleyplantsgrowth,grainsizeandweight.Thebestbiometricmeasurementsandchemicalanalysesresultswereobtainedfromthefoodwasteandbiogasproductionwastecomposts.[1]Zbytniewski,R.andBuszewski,B.2004.Characterizationofnaturalorganicmatter(NOM)derivedfromsewagesludgecompost.Part1:Chemicalandspectroscopicproperties,Bioresourcetechnology.,96(4),471–8.

154

NitrogenlossesfromAustrianagriculturalsoils–modellingtoexploretradeoff-effects(NitroAustria)Priv.Doz.Dr.BarbaraAmon1,2,Prof.Dr.SophieZechmeister-Boltenstern2,CecilieFoldal2,BettinaSchwarzl3,MichaelAnderl3,GeorgDersch4,BarbaraKitzler5,EdwinHaas61LeibnizInstituteforAgriculturalEngineeringandBioeconomy(ATB),Potsdam,Germany,2UniversityofNaturalResourcesandLifeSciencesVienna(BOKU),DepartmentofForestandSoilSciences,InstituteofSoilResearch,Vienna,Austria,3UmweltbundesamtGmbH,Wien,Austria,Vienna,Austria,4AustrianAgencyforHealthandFoodSafety,,Austria,5FederalForestOffice,,Austria,6KarlsruheInstituteofTechnology,InstituteofMeteorologyandClimateResearch,Garmisch,Germany,Garmisch,Germany

Q.PosterPresentations-3.GaseousEmissions

Theproject“FarmClim”highlightsthattheIPCCdefaultEFcannotreflectregionspecificN2Oemissions.ThebettertheknowledgeisaboutNitrogenandCarbonbudgetsthebetterthesituationcanbereflectedinGHGemissioninventoriesandmitigationmeasuresproposed.NitroAustriaidentifiesdriversforN2Oemissionsonaregionalbasiswithdifferentsoiltypes,climate,andagriculturalmanagement.NitroAustriausestheLandscapeDNDCmodeltoupdatetheN2OEFforN-fertiliserandanimalmanuresappliedtosoils.KeyregionsinAustriawereselectedandregionspecificN2Oemissionscalculated.Themodelrunsatsub-dailytimestepsandusestemperature,precipitation,radiation,windspeedasmeteorologicaldrivers.Furtherinputdatareflectagriculturalmanagementpractices.ThiscanidentifyhotspotsandhotmomentsofN2Oemissions.NitroAustriawillcompareLandscapeDNDCresultswiththenationalN2Oemissioninventoryreporting.WP“Dataacquisitionandharmonization”,collectsdataandprovidesthemtoWP“EstimatingN2Oemissionsformarablesoils”wherethedataareusedtomodelN2Oemissionsandnitrateleachingfromarablesoils.ItdeliversCandNbudgets,N2Oemissions,nitrateleaching,regionspecificemissionfactorsandmitigationoptionswithimprovedagriculturalmanagementforcurrentandfutureclimaticconditions.WP“ProvidingdataonagriculturalmanagementinAustria”providesarablemanagementdataandcroprotationscenarios.WP”ApplicationofresultsandusefortheGHGinventory”discussestrade-offsbetweendifferentGHGemissionsandothernitrogenlosses,showspotentialenvironmentalimpactsandproposesmeasuresforapolicyframeworktowardsclimatefriendlyfarming.WP“Climatechangescenarios”performssite/regional/nationalLandscapeDNDCsimulationsconsideringscenariosofclimatechange.NitroAustriaiscurrentlyinitsfinalphaseandwillbeconcludedbyJuly2017.Finalresultsandconclusionswillbepresentedattheconference.NitroAustriaisfundedundertheAustrianClimateResearchProgram.Amon,B.;Winiwarter,W.;etal.(2014):Farmingforabetterclimate(FarmClim).Designofaninter-andtransdisciplinaryresearchprojectaimingtoaddressthescience-policygap.GAiA23(2May):118-124doi.org/10.14512/gaia.23.2.9

155

DairyproductionsystemsintheUnitedStates:Nutrientbudgetsandenvironmentalimpacts.DrRayBryant1,DrAlRotz1,DrPeterKleinman1,DrDaveBjorneberg2,DrAprilLeytem2,DrJohnBaker3,DrGaryFeyereisen3,DrMarkBoggess4,DrPeterVadas41USDAARSPSWMRU,UniversityPark,UnitedStates,2USDAARSNorthwestIrrigation&SoilsResearchLab,Kimberly,UnitedStates,3USDAARSSoilandWaterManagementResearchUnit,SaintPaul,UnitedStates,4USDAARSU.S.DairyForageResearchCenter,Madison,UnitedStates


AcrossthediversityofUSdairyproductionsystems,nutrientmanagementprioritiesrangewidely,fromfeedingregimestomanurehandling,storageandapplicationtocropsystems.ToassessnutrientmanagementandenvironmentalimpactsofdairyproductionsystemsintheUSA,weevaluatednutrientbudgetsatwholefarmandfieldscalesforrepresentativedairysystemsinCalifornia,Idaho,Minnesota,WisconsinandPennsylvania.DairyfarmingsystemsweresimulatedusingtheIntegratedFarmSystemModel[1].Themodeliswelldocumentedandhasbeenwidelyappliedtodairyproductionsystems,simulatingcropandpastureproduction,feeduse,manuremanagementandothermajoractivitiesrelatedtonutrientmanagementofdairyfarms[2].Foreachproductionsystem,wholefarmandfieldscalenutrientbudgetsweredeterminedover25yearsoflocalweatherconditions,whilemodelperformancewasassessedbycomparingsimulatednutrientfatewithlocalobservations.TotalNemissions,primarilyasammonia,are40-50%offarminputs.Ammoniaemissionsaregreaterfromthefarmsteadsofwesterndairieswithwarmerambienttemperaturesandmorelong-termmanurestorage,whereastheyareprimarilyfromthefieldsoilsofeasterndairies.NitrateleachingisgreatestinthemorehumidconditionsoftheeasterndairiesandisofleastconcerninthedryregionsofCaliforniaandIdaho.CaliforniaandIdahodairieshavelowphosphorususeefficiency(<50%isexportedinmilkandanimals)duetoarelianceuponpurchasedfeedandlargeamountsofmanureexport.Phosphorususeefficiencyoftheeasterndairiesare>60%,reflectingbetteron-farmphosphoruscyclingthroughgreateruseofon-farmfeedproduction.However,liquidmanuresystemshampermanureexport,resultinginnetaccumulationofphosphorusinfarmsoilsandgreaterenvironmentallossesduetoerosion.Nutrientbudgetanalysessuggestopportunitiesforincreasingnutrientuseefficiencyandreducingnutrientlosses.Dependingonregionalclimateconditionsandmanagementsystemcharacteristics,nutrientlossesmaybemitigatedbychangesinfeedingstrategies,manuremanagementtechnologies,ortargetedsoilandwaterconservationpractices.[1]Rotz,C.A.2017.IntegratedFarmSystemModel,v.4.3.https://www.ars.usda.gov/northeast-area/up-pa/pswmru/docs/integrated-farm-system-model/(6Mar.2017).USDAARS,UniversityPark,PA.[2]Rotz,C.A.,M.S.Corson,D.S.Chianese,F.Montes,S.D.Hafner,H.F.BonifacioandC.U.Coiner.2016.IntegratedFarmSystemModel:ReferenceManual.https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/80700500/Reference%20Manual.pdf(6Mar.2017).USDAARS,UniversityPark,PA.

156

ModellingtheNlossesfromintensivedairysystemsinPortugalprofClaudiaCordovil1,MissBeatrizSilva2,ProfIbSKristensen3,ProfNickJHutchings41UniversidadedeLisboa,InstitutoSuperiordeAgronomia,Lisboa,Portugal,2UniversidadedeLisboa,InstitutoSuperiordeAgronomia,Lisboa,Portugal,3AarhusUniversity,DepartmentofAgroecology,Viborg,Denmark,4AarhusUniversity,DepartmentofAgroecology,Viborg,Denmark


EquitabletemperaturesandamplerainfallgiveNorthernPortugalanalmostyear-roundroughagegrowingseasonandhasledtothedevelopmentofintensivedairycattlefarming.TheresultinglossesofNtotheenvironmentarenowacauseforconcern.Inthiswork,weuseamodellingapproachtoquantifythemagnitudeoftheselossesandinvestigatemeasurestoreducethem.SomestructuralandmanagementdataareavailableforintensivedairyfarmsinNPortugal(e.g.livestocknumber,landareaandcroppingpractices)whereasotherdataarenot(e.g.roughageproduction).TheFarmACmodel(www.farmac.dk)wasusedtoestimateCandNflowsonthistypeoffarmandtheextenttowhichNlossescouldbereduced.Thesensitivityofestimatestoassumptionsconcerningroughageproductionwasinvestigated.With45dairycows(annualmilkproductionof7500kghead-1)+followerson22haland,zerograzingandcontinuous,year-roundmaizeandgrasssilageproduction,nitrateleachingwasabout275kgNO3--Nha-1yr-1andanaverageNO3--Nconcentrationof38mgL-1.RemovingallNfertilizer(150kgNha-1yr-1)hadnoeffectoncropproduction,asthemanuresuppliedsufficientNtogivemaximumcropproduction,butreducedtheaverageNO3--Nconcentrationto19mgL-1.Ifthepotentialdrymatter(DM)productionwas50%higherthaninitiallyassumed(21and15MgDMha-1formaizeandgrassrespectively),thefeedNimportfellby26%andtheaverageNO3--Nconcentrationforthebaselinesituationfellto18mgL-1.RemovingallNfertilizerandassumingthehigherpotentialDMproductiongaveanaverageNO3--Nconcentrationof9mgL-1.NitrateleachingproblemsinNPortugalmaypartlybebecausethefertilizervalueofmanureonintensivedairyfarmsappearstobeundervalued.RemovingallfertilizerNhalvedthenitrateconcentrationindrainagebutcompliancewiththeNitratesDirectiverequiredpotentialDMproductiontohavebeenunderestimatedby50%.ThisresearchwasfundedbytheEU-H2020-TWINN-2015Coordination&supportactionnr692331NitroPortugal.

157

AdvancedManureprocessingplantsinEuropeHelmutDoehler1,J.Bilbao,2,KMöller3,RMelse4,CBurton5,MHansen6,ESnauwaert7,EDinuccio8,GProvolo9,MDedina101DoehlerAgrarBusinessConsultancy,DE,,,2FraunhoferStuttgart,DE,,,3UniversityofStuttgart,DE,,,4WageningenUniversity&Research,NL,,,5BurtonConsultancyRennes,FR,,,6SEGESAarhus,DK,,,7VCMGent,BE,,,8TurinoUniversity,IT,,,9MilanoUniversity,IT,,,10VUZT,Prague,CZ,,


Background&ObjectivesManureprocessingisplayinganincreasingroleinmanuremanagementinEurope.Despiteof“lowtech”manuremanagementtechniqueslikefeedingstrategiesetc.,theneedforcompensatinglocalandregionalmanurenutrientsurplusesiscontinuouslyincreasing.AworkshoponmanureprocessinghasbeenheldatRAMIRANandaManuREsource2015networkwithmanureprocessingexpertshasbeeninitiated.Material&MethodsWiththeEUMANPROproject,whichisfinanciallysupportedbytheGermanFedMinofEnvaconsortiumofmanureprocessingexpertsiscompilingandanalysingthecurrentstatusofresearch&developmentandtherelevanttechnologies.TheworkofthatconsortiumcanbeusedforidentifyingtheTOP10/15manureprocessingsystemsinEurope.ItissuggestedtoextendtheworkofEUMANPROtomorecountriesandsystemsbyinitiatingaMARIRANtaskgroup.Results&DiscussionAsaresultoftheTaskGroupworkamanuscriptwillbedrafteddescribingtheTOP10/15plantsfollowingastandardizeddescriptionformat.andpublishedinRAMIRANproceedings.ThetaskgroupwillsupporttheidentificationofBAT(bestavailabletechniques)inthatsectorandthefurtherimprovementsofmanureprocessingcomponents.Policymakerswillbemadeawareofreliablesystems.References[1]Döhler,H.andBonadei,E.:PilotanlagezurVerarbeitungvonGülleundGärrestenfüreinregionalesNährstoffmanagementzurEntlastungvonWirtschaftsdünger-ÜberschüsseninSüdtirol.BiogasInnovationskongress,Tagungsband2017,inpress[2]BiogasWipptal,2017:http://www.biogas-wipptal.it/it/euman-pro.html

158

LifecycleassessmentoffluidmilkproductionintheRepublicofIrelandDrWilliamFinnegan1,2,DrJamieGoggins1,2,3,ProfXinminZhan1,21NationalUniversityofIrelandGalway,Galway,Ireland,2RyanInstituteforEnvironmental,MarineandEnergyResearch,Galway,Ireland,3CentreforMarineandRenewableEnergy(MaREI),Galway,Ireland


SincetheabolitionoftheEuropeanUnionmilkquotasinMarch2015,theRepublicofIrelandhasseenanunprecedentedgrowthinmilkproduction.InorderforIreland’sdairyindustrytoremainsustainable,itisimperativethattheimpactsformthisincreasearemonitored.Inthisstudy,theenvironmentalimpactoffluidmilkproductioninIrelandisinvestigated.ThisstudyhasbeenstructuredinaccordancewithISO14040andISO14044.Lifecycleassessmentisutilisedinordertoquantifytheenvironmentalimpact,globalwarmingpotential(GWP),offluidmilkproduction.Acradle-to-processingfactorygateanalysisisassessed.ThefunctionalunitisdefinedasperkgmilkandthecomparativeenvironmentalimpactmetriciskgCO2eq/kgmilk.Themethodologiesin[1]and[2]areusedisusedtoassesstheimpactfromrawmilkproductionandprocessing,respectively.Inordertoperformtheanalysis,datawascollectedfrom3dairyprocessingfactoriesthatproducefluidmilk.ThetotalGWPassociatedwithfluidmilkproductionwasfoundtobe1.32kgCO2eqkg-1milk.ThebreakdowninGWPbetweenrawmilkproduction,rawmilktransportation,processingandpackagingwasfoundtobe1.13,0.02,0.12and0.05kgCO2eqkg-1milk,respectively.Thegreenhousegas(GHG)emissionsthatcontributetothetotalGWPfromrawmilkproductionaremethanefromentericfermentationofanimals(46%),followedbymethaneandnitrousoxiderelatingtomanuremanagement(22%)andindirectcarbonemissionsassociatedwiththeoff-farmproductionofconcentratedfeed,fertilisers,diesel,electricityandothermaterialinputs(21%).GHGemissionsfromrawmilktransportationandprocessingrelatestodirectcarbondioxideemissionsfromenergyconsumption,whileemissionsfrompackagingrelatestoindirectcarbondioxideemissionsfromtheproductionofrawmaterials.InorderforIrelandtoreduceGHGemissionsandreachitstargetsfor2030strategiestoreduceemissionsfromrawmilkproductionwillneedtobeimplemented.Additionally,theuseofrenewablesourcesofenergywouldseeareductioninGHGemissionsinmanyofthelifecyclestages.TheauthorswishtoacknowledgethefundingprovidedbytheDepartmentofAgriculture,FoodandtheMarineforDairyWater(www.dairywater.ie)(Ref.:13-F-507).[1]O’Brien,D.,Hennessy,T.,Moran,B.andShalloo,L.2015.JournalofDairyScience,98,7394-7407.[2]Finnegan,W.,Goggins,J.,Clifford,E.andZhan,X.2017.ScienceoftheTotalEnvironment,579,159–168.

159

EvolutionofpHandammoniacalcontentofcattleslurryfollowingtheincorporationoflimingmaterialsMaríaIsabelGarcíaPomar1,DoloresBáez1,JuanCastro1,LorenaFariña2,ClaudiaGilsanz1,ValentínGarcía-Souto11CentrodeInvestigacionesAgrariasdeMabegondo,Abegondo,España,2UniversidaddeSantiagodeCompostela,SantiagodeCompostela,España


CorrectionofsoilacidityinGalicia(pH5,1-6,3)bylimingincreasesavailabilityofnutrientssuppliedbyslurriesormineralfertilizers,improvingtheyieldofforagecrops.Usuallyitisrecommendednottolimingwithslurriesbyvolatilizationofammoniacalnitrogenasammonia.Theobjectiveofthislaboratorytrialwastoquantifytheselosseswhenslurryismixedwithlimingmaterials.Slurry(S)wasmixedwithlimestone(C)anddolomite(D)(twogranulometries:G1/G2andtwodoses:D1/D2),andcheckedovertime(at40minutes,at2,4,8,24,48,72and144hours)theevolutionofpHandammoniumcontent.Previouslyairwascirculatedwithapumpthrough6%H2SO4toquantifyvolatilizationasammonia.Seventreatmentsweredefined:S,S+C(G1D1),S+C(G1D2),S+C(G2D2),S+D(G1D1),S+D(G1D2),S+D(G2D2).ThepHincreasedinthefirst24hoursaftermixingthedolomitewiththeslurrry.Thisincreaseisgreaterwithfinergranulometryandathigherdose.AslightincreaseinpHtookplacewithlimestone.After24hoursthepHdecreasedslightlyineverytreatmentbyprecipitationofthelimingmaterials.Thegreatestammoniumlossestookplaceinthefirst24hoursaftermixing.Laterconcentrationofammoniastayedconstant.Ammonialossesandammoniaemissionswerehigherintreatmentswithdolomite,thefinestgranulometryandthehighestdose.ThehighestlossesinammoniacontentwerefoundinS+D(G1D1),S+D(G1D2),withlossesaround12-11%oftheinitialammonium.TheincreaseinpHdisplacedthereactionNH3+H2O<>NH4++OH-totheleft.ThelowestlossesaftercontroltreatmentwerefoundinS+C(G1D1)andS+C(G2D2),withlossesoflessthan4%oftheammonium.LossesofNasammoniacalformwhenmixingslurrywiththelimingmaterialsweresmallerthanexpected,beinglessthan12%.Theselossesarefurtherreducedwhenlimestonewasusedatlowdoses,reachinglessthan4%.WearegratefulforfundingwithintheFEADER-XuntadeGaliciaproject2012/30(2012-2014).

160

EffectofANaturalFeedAdditiveRichInPhenolicEssentialOilsOnMethaneEmissionsInDairyCowsProfessorGueroualiAbdelhai1,DoctorFatimeZohraLaabouri1,ProfessorSaidAlali1,DoctorMohamedAjbilou1,ProfessorAdnaneRemmal11AgronomicAndVeterinaryInstitut,Rabat,


Thepresentstudywasdesignedtoevaluatetheeffectofanaturalfeedadditiverichinphenolicessentialoilsonmethaneemissionsindairycows.Themethaneisapowerfulgreenhousegasandrepresentingatrueenergylossforruminants;itsreductionisbeneficialfortheanimalsandtheenvironmentTotesttheeffectofthenaturalfeedadditiveontheemissionofmethane,fivedairycattleofHolsteinbreedwereusedandreceivedarationcomposedof4kgofconcentratedfeed,and4kgofalfalfahaywithfreeaccesstodrinkingwater.Aftertwoweeksofadaptationtothefeed,measurementsoftheproductionofmethanewerecarriedoutwithoutfeedadditive,with50goftheproductthenwith100gofthesameproduct.Thequantityofmethaneproducedbythefivecowswasestimatedtoaverage195.86liter/day.Theadditionoftheproductrichinphenolicessentialoilstothebasicrationwasbehindareductiononaverageof21.64%whenthefeedadditivewasaddedwithanamountof7,15g/kgdrymatter,andareductiononaverageof31.8%whenthefeedadditivewasaddedwiththeamountof14,3g/kgofdrymatter.Thepresentstudyindicatedtheréductionsobtainedinmethaneemissionindairycattlewhenfeedadditivesrichinphenolicessentialsoilswereverysignificativesandcontributetotheglobaleffortofgreenhousegasesmitigationintheregion.

161

WholefarmmodellingofmanagementfactorsaffectingnitrousoxideemissionsbeingemittedfromIrishlivestocksystems.MrJonathanHerron1,2,MrAidanMoloney1,MrThomasCurran21Teagasc,Animal&GrasslandResearchCentre,,Dunsany,,Ireland.,2UCDSchoolofBiosystemsEngineering,,UniversityCollegeofDublin,Belfield,,Ireland


N2Oemissionsfromlivestocksystemsvarygreatlydependingonsoiltype,soilconditions,dietofanimal,typeofexcretaapplied,timingofapplicationandthetypeofsyntheticfertiliserutilised.ThisobjectiveofthestudyistoupdatecurrentgreenhousegaswholefarmmodelsusedforIrishbeefanddairysystemsbyimprovingthepredictionofurineNoutput/animal/day.Twosingleyear,static,beefanddairymodelswillbeupdatedtoincludenewinsightsonherbagecomposition,intakeregulationandNpartitioningwherethemainfocuswillbeonimprovingthepredictionsofurineNoutput/animal/day.Usingalinearandmultiplelinearregressionanalysesapproach,UrineNandFecalNwillbepartitioned,wherepredictionequationswillthenbedevelopedbasedonfreshgrassdata.Asthisprojectisatanearlystage,asofyetnoresultshavebeenfound.Howeverbasedonliteraturereviewanumberofresultscanbeexpected.ItisexpectedthatastrongpositiverelationshipwillbeseenbetweenNintake(NI),animalbodyweight(BW),DOMDandgrassNcontentwithManureN.ThereisanexpectednegativerelationshipbetweenWSC,NDF,ADF,andMEconcentrationwithManureN.NIisexpectedtobeabetterprimarypredictorthanBWforUrineN,wheretheadditionofNDF,WSC,DOMDandMEconcentrationwillincreasether2oftheequations.DOMDandMEconcentrationareexpectedtobekeypredictorsforFecalN.ThisstudyisuniqueasitwillincorporatedpredictionequationsforUrineNandFecalNbasedondatafromgrassfedcattleintoexistingmodels,theclosestmeanstomimickingactualgrazingconditions.ThisstudywillincorporatedpredictionequationsforUrineNandFecalNbasedongrazingdataintoexistingmodels.ThiswillallowforaccuratepredictionsoftheamountNexcretedinurineandfecesbygrassfedcattleandconsequentlytheamountofNexcretedbeinglostasN2O.

162

AreviewofnitrogenflowmodelsandtheirsuitabilityfortemperatepasturebasedlivestocksystemsMrAneeshKale1,2,DrWilliamBurchill1,DrTomCurran2,DrGaryLanigan11Crops,Environment&LandUseProgramme,Teagasc,JohnstownCastleEnvironmentResearchCentre,,Ireland,2SchoolofBiosystemsandFoodEngineering,AgricultureandFoodScienceCentre,UniversityCollegeDublin,Belfield,Dublin4,,Ireland


Modellingnitrogen(N)flowsandlossesinlivestocksystemsisusedtoassessNmanagementfromfarmtonationallevel.ThoughtherearenumerousmodelswhichquantifyNcyclingatthesescales[1],thereisnoreviewofthesemodelstoassesstheirstrengthsandlimitations.ThisstudyreviewedavailableNflowmodelsandtheirsuitabilityfortemperatepasture-basedsystems.Thisstudycomprisedofaliteraturereviewof24availablemodelsforestimatingNflowsandlossesatdifferentscales.ThereviewprovidesanoverviewofthetypeofmodelsavailableandthefarmcomponentsandtheNlossesthateachmodelincludesalongwithhighlightingtheirsuitabilityfortemperatepasture-basedsystems.The24reviewedmodelswerestaticinventorybased(n=6),empirical(n=9),mechanistic(n=5)anddynamic(n=4)innature.Someofthemodels(n=9)weregreenhousegasmodelswithabuilt-inNflowmodel.Fourofthemodels:dynamicSIMSDairy[1],empiricalDairywise[2],staticBEEFGEM[3]andstaticGHGmodel[4]includedallfarmNflowsandlosses.OftheseonlySIMSDairyaccountedforclimate,soilandfarmmanagementconditions.Therefore,SIMSDAIRYwasoneofthemoreappropriateavailableNflowmodelsforpasture-basedsystems.Theremainingmodels(n=20)didnotincludeallfarmNflowsandlosses,insteadtheyfocusedononeortwoNlossesfromoneormorefarmcomponents.Forexample,empiricalALFAM,modelsammonia(NH3)volatilizationfromfieldplots.ThisstudyfoundonlyfourmodelsthatincludedallfarmNflowsandlosses,oneofwhichwasdynamicinnaturethushighlightingtheneedtoeithermodifyexistingmodelsordevelopanewwholefarmNflowmodelforpasture-basedsystems.TheresearchwasfundedbytheIrishDepartmentofAgriculture,FoodandtheMarine(Projectno.13/S/430).[1]DelPrado,A.etal.2011.ScienceoftheTotalEnvironment,409,3993-4009[2]Schils,R.etal.2007.JournalofDairyScience,90,5334-5346[3]Foley,P.etal.2011.Agriculture,EcosystemsandEnvironment,142,222-230[4]Schils,R.etal.2005.NutrientCyclinginAgroecosystems,71,163-175

163

ReducinggaseousemissionsfrommanuremanagementinIrelandDrGaryLanigan1,DrWilliamBurchill1,DrPatrickForrestal1,DrFredricBourdin1,3,DrGrainneMeade2,DrEndaCahalan1,DrRayBrennan1,4,DrCatherineWatson5,DrTomCurran2,DrKarinaPierce2,Prof.MarkHealy4,DrOwenFenton1,DrKarlRichards11Crops,Environment&LandUseProgramme,TeagascJohnstownCastleEnvironmentResearchCentre,,,,Ireland,2SchoolofAgriculture,UniversityCollegeDublin,Belfield,,,Ireland,3SchoolofAppliedScience,CranfieldUniversity,,,UnitedKingdom,,4SchoolofEngineering,NUIGalway,Ireland,5Agri-FoodandBiosciencesInstitute,NewForgeLane,,UnitedKingdom


AgricultureinIrelandaccountsfor>98%ofnationalammonia(NH₃)emissionsand32%ofnationalgreenhousegas(GHG)emissionswithbovinelivestockproductiontheprincipalsource(circa.75%).Therefore,thereisaneedtodevelopabatementstrategiesthatreducegaseousemissionsassociatedwithbovinelivestockproduction.AsuiteofexperimentsinvestigatingtheimpactsofvariousabatementmeasuresalongthemanuremanagementchainhavebeenconductedinIreland.Thispaperpresentsboththeextentofthisabatementandthemarginalabatementcostcurveassociatedwiththesetechniques.Landspreading:Band-spreadingandtrailingshoeapplicationofslurryreducedNH₃emissionsby20%and28.5%,respectively,comparedtobroadcastapplication(nodifferenceinN₂Oemissions).BroadcastapplicationofslurryinspringandautumnreducedNH₃emissionsby25%comparedtosummer(May-June)application.Night-timespreadingalsosignificantlyreduced(17%)NH₃emissions.ChemicalAmendment:InclusionofnitrificationinhibitorsandbiocharreducedN₂Oemissionsfromslurryby48%and44%,respectively.Biocharalsosignificantly(P<0.05)reducedNH₃emissions.Housingandstorage:Amendmentsandcoveredstoragewereobservedtoreducevolatilisationby40%-70%.AerationofliquidmanuresreducedmethaneemissionsbutexacerbatedNH₃loss.SlatmatsandvalvessignificantlyreducedNH₃lossbutledtoabuild-upofmethaneinthetankbelowtheslattedfloor.Reducedcrudeprotein:FeedingsupplementalmethioninetopigsloweredtotalammoniacalNconcentrationsinslurries.Ammoniaemissionswereconsequentlyreducedby19%andN₂Oby18%.Costofabatement:Alteredtimingoflandapplicationandthereductionincrudeproteinwerethemostcosteffectivemeasures,followedbychemicalamendmentofslurry.Alterationstohousingandstoragewerethemostexpensiveoptions.ThereforereducingsurplusexcretedNandlandapplicationoptionsshouldbefocusedon.

164

EffectsofcalciummagnesiumphosphateasadditiveonGHGemissionsduringcompostingMrYunLi1,MrWenHaiLuo1,MrGuoXueLi11ChinaAgriculturalUniversity,Beijing,China


Methane(CH₄)andnitrousoxide(N₂O)arebothsignificantgreenhousegases(GHG).Duringcomposting,considerableemissionsofCH₄andN₂Ocouldoccur,whichnotonlyleadtogreenhouseeffectbutalsoreducethereusablenutrientsinfinalcompost.Therefore,thisstudyaimstoinvestigatetheeffectsofmaturecompostontheemissionofCH₄andN₂Oduringcompostingbyaddingcalciummagnesiumphosphate.Alaboratoryscaleexperimentofcompostinginaforcedaerationsystemusingpigmanurewithcornstalkswascarriedouttoinvestigatetheeffectsofcalciummagnesiumphosphateasadditiveongaseousemissionsandcompostquality.Apartfromacontroltreatment,twotreatmentswereconductedwithcalciummagnesiumphosphateandcalciummagnesiumphosphatewithphosphoricacid,respectively.TheresultsindicatedthataddingadditivewouldnotbeaproblemsinceCa²+incalciummagnesiumphosphateshouldbereasonforahighEClevel.Andalltreatmentscanreachmaturity.Addingcalciummagnesiumphosphatecanreduce77.5%CH₄,butitwillincrease18.3%N₂Oemission.Andusingcalciummagnesiumphosphatewithphosphoricacidasadditivecanreduce74.2%CH₄and45.0%N₂Oemission.ThetotalGHGemissionsrangedfrom50to140kgCO₂-eqt-¹DM-¹.ComparedtoCK,treatmentswiththeadditionofmaturecompostcouldreducetotalGHGemissionsby42-63%.Addingcalciummagnesiumphosphateorcalciummagnesiumphosphatewithphosphoricacidcanreachmaturity.AndthebesteffectforthepurposeofreducingCH₄andN₂Oemissionscouldbeachievedwhenaddingcalciummagnesiumphosphatewithphosphoricacidincomposting.

165

Effectofincreasinglevelsofrapeseedoilindairycowdietongasemissionsduringmanurestorage–FirstResultsLaurenceLoyon1,2,MaguyEugene3,CécileMartin3,FabriceGuiziou1,2,PatriciaSaint-Cast1,2,SylviePicard1,21Irstea,Rennes,France,2UniversitéEuropéennedeBretagne,Rennes,France,3Inra,Clermont-Ferrand,France


Inthecontextofgreenhousegas(GHG)emissions,thedairysectorhasinvestedinthereductionofentericmethaneemissionsbydietarystrategies.Nevertheless,theimpactofdietstrategiesongaseousemissionsfrommanureisrarelystudied.Thisstudyaimedtoassesstheeffectoffatsupplementationindairycowdietongasemissions(ammonia,GHG)duringmanurestorageSlurryproducedby4cowsfeddietssupplementedwith4rapeseedoil(RO)levels(0%,1.5%,3.0%,4.5%)wassampledforaweek.Storagesimulationwascarriedoutfor4weeksundersummerconditionsonapilot-scalebystoring5litersofslurry(3replicates)inglassvesselventilatedwithair.Gasemissionsweremeasuredwithagasanalyzer(Innova1312)completedwiththeacidtrapmethodforammonia.MaininitialslurrycharacteristicswereobtainedaccordingstandardsDifferencesinmanurecharacteristics(pH,drymatter,ammonium,crudefatandvolatilesolids)wereobservedamongslurries(P<0.05).Comparedtothecontrol(0%RO),theincorporationof3%and4.5%ROindietsincreasedsignificantlyammonia(NH₃)emissions(gNH₃m-³slurry)by18.6and54%,respectively(P<0.05).ThisisprobablyduetothehigherpHandammoniumconcentrationinthe3%and4.5%ROslurries,twoparametersimpactingtheNH₃volatilization.Despitedifferencesinorganicmattercontent(P<0.05),methane(CH₄)emissions(gCH₄.m-³slurry)weresimilaramongslurries,possiblyduetoabnormallylowemissionsundersummerconditions(11-36°C).Moreover,slurrypreservationbeforethetrialat-20°Cand4°Ccouldnotallowedthedevelopmentofmethanogenicpopulationduringthe4weeksofmeasurement.N₂Oemissionswereatthedetectionlimitforallslurries.The4.5%ROslurryseemstoemitlessCO₂thantheotherones.Manurecharacteristicsandgaseousemissionsduringslurrystorage,especiallyammonia,differedwithrapeseedoillevelindairycowdiet.Ammoniaemissionsincreasedwithfatlevelinthediet.Theseresultsneedtobeconfirmedwithnewmeasurementstakingintoaccountslurryproductiondifferencesbetweencows.

166

NewammoniaemissioninventoryforSwitzerlandanddevelopmentofemissionsfrom1990to2015MrHaraldMenzi1,MrThomasKupper21SwissFederalOfficefortheEnvironment,CH-3003Bern,Switzerland,2BernUniversityofAppliedSciences;SchoolofAgricultural,ForestandFoodSciences,CH-3052Zollikofen,Switzerland


Intheframeworkofinternationalconventions,Switzerlandlikeothercountrieshastoreportregularlyaboutthedevelopmentofammonia(NH3)emissions.Everyfewyearsarepresentativesurveyonlivestockandmanuremanagementisperformedtogetanup-to-datepictureofthedevelopmentofemissions.After2010[1],themostrecentinventoryfor2015hasjustbeencompiled.Asinpreviousinventories[1]dataoncurrentfarmmanagementwascollectedwithastratifiedsurveyinwhich5813farmsparticipated.Basedonthis,emissionswerecalculatedforeachofthe2688respondentswiththeNflowmodelAgrammon[2].Fromthis,emissionfactorsfordifferentstepsofthemanurechain,livestockcategoriesandfarmtypeswerederivedandusedtocalculatenationalemissions.Todeterminedevelopmentovertime,emissionsin2015werecomparedwiththoseofpreviousinventories.Comparedto1990,agriculturalNH3emissionsdecreasedby19%to46.5ktN(totalNH3emissions-17%to49.9ktN),towhichlivestockemissions(includingmanuremanagement)contributed90%.Theshifttomorehousingemissions(199022%,201536%oflivestockemissions)andlessspreadingemissions(199047%,201535%)continued,reflectingtheshiftfromtiedtoloosehousingandotherdevelopments.Thiscounterbalancedloweremissionsinotherareas,e.g.80%moregrazing,reducingtheNflowinmanure.Emissionsfromdairycowsdecreasedby22%duetochangesinfeedingandloweranimalnumbers.Asthiswaslargelycompensatedbyincreasingemissionsfromsucklingcowsandemissionsfrompigsdecreasedbynearly40%,totalcattleemissionsremainednear80%oflivestockemissions.Emissionsfrompoultry,equinesandsmallruminantsincreasedby19%,95%and12%,respectively,buttogetherstillcontributelessthan8%oflivestockemissions.AreductionofNH3emissionsof16%in25yearsappearslow.However,thisobscuresconsiderablechangesinthecomplexsystemwithcounterbalancingeffectsandconflictingaims.Forexample,thehighrelevanceofanimalwelfareleadtoalowerNflowinmanurebuttoanincreaseofhousingemissions.WethanktheSwissFederalOfficefortheEnvironmentforthefinancialsupportoftheproject.[1]Kupper,T.,Bonjour,C.andMenziH.2015.EvolutionoffarmandmanuremanagementandtheirinfluenceonammoniaemissionsfromagricultureinSwitzerlandbetween1990and2010.AtmosphericEnvironment103,215-221[2]Kupper,T.,etal.,2010.Agrammon:Aninternetbasedmodel…….Proc.14thRAMIRANConference

167

Greenhousegas(GHG)emissionsinspinachintensiveagricultureinMediterraneanconditions:theinfluenceofthefertilizingstrategyMrAlbertoVico1,Dr.AlbertoSanz-Cobena2,Mr.JoseAntonioSaez-Tovar1,Dra.MariaDoloresPerez-Murcia1,Dr.JuanMartinez-Tomé3,Dra.AureliaPerez-Espinosa1,Dr.JavierAndreu-Rodriguez4,Dr.EnriqueAgullo1,DraMariaAngelesBustamante1,Dra.ConcepcionParedes1,ProfRaulMoral11AgrochemistryandEnvironmentDept.,MiguelHernandezUniversity(UMH),EPS-Orihuela,CtraBenielKm3.2,03312,Orihuela(Alicante),Spain,2SchoolofAgriculturalEngineering,TechnicalUniversityofMadrid,CiudadUniversitaria,28040,Madrid,Spain,3VegetalProductionDept.,MiguelHernandezUniversity(UMH),EPS-Orihuela,CtraBenielKm3.2,03312,Orihuela(Alicante),Spain,4EngineeringDept.,MiguelHernandezUniversity(UMH),EPS-Orihuela,CtraBenielKm3.2,03312,Orihuela(Alicante),Spain


Intensivehorticultureofleafvegetablesmustachieveahighyieldbutalsominimisedleafnitratecontent.Thisimpliesafine-tuningofnutrientmanagement,particularlyofnitrogen(N)undertheirrigatedandwarmconditionsoftheMediterranean.EightdifferentfertilizingscenarioswerecomparedintermsofspinachproductionandoftotalandscaledGHGemissionintensities(e.g.yieldscaled).Eightfertilizingtreatmentswereappliedatanormalizedinputof150kgtotalN/ha:NOLI,inorganicNPKfertilizerFU15-15-15;LI-2,inorganicNPKslowreleasefertilizerENTECNitrofoska®withDMPP;TP,binarycompostfrombiosolid-Phoenixdactyliferatrunk;HP,binarycompostfrombiosolid-Phoenixdactyliferaleafpruning;JU,compostfromurbanxerogardening;VTvermicompostfromcowmanure;DI,agrifooddigestate;LO,biosolid.Atreatmentwithoutanyfertilizationwasusedascontrol.EmissionofGHGsweresampledeleventimesusinggaspoolingtechnique.TheresultsobtainedshowedadirectrelationshipbetweenapplicationofamendmentsandN₂Oemissions,exceptforVTandJU.Despitetheintensiveandirrigatedproduction,N₂Oemissionswerelowinallthescenarios,withthehighestEmissionFactor(0.13%oftotalNapplied)forLOtreatment.SinkeffectforCH₄wereobservedinalltreatmentsexceptcontrolandsoilamendedwithLO,probablyassociatedtoCH₄oxidation,usuallyreportedincalcareoussemiaridsoils.CumulativeCO₂emissionswerehigherinallscenarios,exceptforDIyNOLI,thanincontrolplots.CO₂emissionswerehighestinsoilstreatedwithLOandtheoppositewastrueforDI,probablyduetoitsdifferentiallabileorganicCcontents.PunctualCO₂fluxesdidnotreachmorethan6gC-CO₂m-2day-1,peakobservedinday40aftertreatmentapplication.ThefertilizingscenariostestedproducedsignificantdifferencesinGHGemissionswithoutsignificantvariationonyieldandcropqualityinirrigatedspinachunderMediterraneanconditions,withsomeoftheorganic-basedtreatmentsshowingapositivedualeffectonbothproductionandmitigationcapacities.FinancedbyMinistryEconomy&CompetitivenessofSpain(AGL2013-41612-R)andEuropeanRegionalDevelopmentFunds(ERDF,‘‘UnamaneradehacerEuropa’’).

168

TheinfluenceofcultivationtechniquesonnitrousoxideemissionsandemissionfactorsinwinteroilseedrapesystemsMrMacdaraO'Neill1,2,ProfessorBruceOsborne2,3,MrDermotForristal1,Dr.GaryLanigan41TeagascCropsResearchCentre,Oakpark,Co.Carlow,Ireland,2UCDSchoolofBiologyandEnvironmentalScience,,Ireland,3UCDEarthInstitute,Belfield,Dublin4,Ireland,4TeagascEnvironmentalResearchCentre,JohnstownCastle,Co.Wexford,Ireland


Winteroilseedrape(WOSR)canbecultivatedforoilproductionandhighproteinanimalfeed.Thecroprequiresnitrogen(N)fertiliserratesinexcessof200kgNha-1whichcouldincreasenitrousoxide(N2O)emissionsandinfluencenationalGHGbudgetsconsiderably.ThisresearchfocussedontheeffectofalternativecultivationtechniquesasstrategiestomitigateN2OemissionsfromWOSRsystems.Alternativemanagementsexaminedwere:(i)conventionaltillage(CT)andstriptillage(ST)at0,160,240&320kgNha-1,(ii)CTandminimumtillage(MT)at125mmand600mmrowspacingandSTat600mmrowspacing,(iii)CTandSTwithcanopymanagement(CM)andPGRand(iv)Twocultivars(CompassandTroy)sownat125mm&750mmrowspacingwith10seedsm-2&60seedsm-2.DirectN2Oemissionsweremeasuredbyapplyingtheclosedchambertechnique.Acrosstwoseasons,EFsrangedfrom0.27%to0.71%inCTsystemsand0.66%to1.12%inSTsystems;withintheIPCCdefaultvaluerangeof1%±0.3-3.0.ThelowestEFswererecordedforCTandSTata160kgNha-1ratewithvaluesof0.08%and0.33%respectively.NosignificantdifferencesincumulativeemissionswerefoundbetweenCT,MTandSTsystemsorbetween125mmand600mmwiderowsatequalNrates.CMandPGRtreatmentsexhibitedsimilaremissions.Whencontrastingcultivars,Troy>Compassateachlevelofrowspacing/seedratetested,butnosignificantdifferencesweredetected(P=0.1).Nitrousoxideyieldefficiencyrangedfrom0.14–1.05kgN2O-Nt-1seedforallexperiments,withNratesignificantlyaffectingvaluesrelativetocontroltreatments.AnexponentialregressionwasobservedfortherelationshipbetweenNrateandN2Oemissions(R2=0.63)acrossallexperimentsindependentofcultivationtechnique.CTachieveslowercumulativeemissionsandEFscomparedtoSTsystems.LowNinputinspringwithsubstantialcropbiomassmayreduceN2Oemissionsindependentofsoiltillagemanagement.ControllingNratemaybethemostsuitableN2OmitigationstrategyforWOSRsystems.ThisworkisfundedbyaTeagascWalshPhDfellowship.WeacknowledgetheentiresupportfromTeagascOakparkandUCD

169

Theeffectofby-productinclusionlevelandconcentratefeedingrateonnitrogenexcretionofpasturefedmid-latelactationdairycowsSarahA.Condren1,Dr.TommyM.Boland1,Dr.AlanKelly1,Dr.StephenJ.Whelan2,StuartKirwan1,DrKarinaM.Pierce11SchoolofAgricultureandFoodScience,UniversityCollegeDublin,LyonsResearchFarm,Celbridge,Naas,,Ireland,2InstituteofTechnologyCarlow,WexfordCampus,Summerhill,,Ireland


BackgroundandObjectivesGlobally,pressuretoreducetheenvironmentalimpactofthedairyindustryisincreasing.Nitrogen(N)excretionisimportantbecauseitimpactsbothairandwaterquality.DietspromotingfaecalNexcretionattheexpenseofurinaryNarefavourablebecauseurinaryNiseasilylostasNH₃,N₂OtotheatmosphereandNO₃-leachatetowatercourses.MaterialsandMethodsForty-eightHolsteinFriesiandairycowswererandomlyassignedtooneoffourdietarytreatmentsina2x2factorialdesign.Cowsweregrazedasonegroupfor63d,withconcentratesofferedin-parlour.Concentratecontaining35%by-productsat3kg/d(BP35-3kg)or6kg/d(BP35-6kg)orconcentratecontaining95%by-productsat3kg/d(BP95-3kg)or6kg/d(BP95-6kg)werefed.Theby-productsusedweremaizedrieddistillersgrains,palmkernelexpellerandsoybeanhulls,includedinequalproportionsonaDMbasis.ResultsandDiscussionBy-productinclusionleveldidnotaffectNintake(P=0.13)ortheproportionofNexcretedinthefaeces(P=0.62)orurine(P=0.19),asconcentrateswereformulatedtobeisonitrogenousandintakesweresimilarbetweentreatments.CowsconsumingBP35hadatendencytowardsahigherproportionofNinthemilk(+0.07,P=0.08)thanthoseconsumingBP95.Cowsconsuming6kgofconcentratehadahigherNintake(+0.08kg,P<0.01)andexcretedalowerproportionofNinthemilk(-0.08,P=0.03)andfaeces(-0.12,P<0.01)andahigherproportionintheurine(+0.24,P<0.01)thancowsconsuming3kgofconcentrate.TheamountofNexcretedinthefaeceswasnotincreasedatthehigherfeedingrate(P=0.77),andwhiletherewasatendencytowardsahighermilkNlevel(+0.01kg,P=0.06),mostoftheadditionalNconsumedwaspartitionedtotheurine(+0.07kg,P<0.01).ConclusionThisexperimentfoundthatincreasingby-products(soybeanhulls,palmkernelexpelleranddrieddistillersgrains)hadnoaffectontheamountorpatternofNexcreted.However,increasingfeedingratefrom3to6kg/dledtohigherurinaryNexcretion.

170

MeasurementandabatementofammoniaemissionsfromanoutdoorconcretefarmyardunderIrishenvironmentalconditionsMs.FrancescaReville1,Dr.WilliamBurchill1,Dr.TomMisselbrook2,Ms.ChristinaO'Connor3,Dr.GaryLanigan11Teagasc,JohnstownCastleEnvironmentResearchCentre,Ireland,2RothamstedResearch,NorthWyke,Okehampton,UK,3TrinityCollegeDublin,CollegeGreen,Ireland


Outdoorconcretefarmyardsurfacesaccountforapproximately6%ofagriculturalammonia(NH3)emissionsinIreland.Thisestimateishighlyuncertain.Thereforemoreresearchisrequiredinthisarea.ThisstudyinvestigatedtheeffectofdairycowurineNloadingrateandtheeffectoftwomitigationoptions(cleaningbypressurewashingandscraping)onNH3emissionsfromfarmyardsurfaces.Threeexperimentswereconductedonabeefhandlingyardwithcompletelyrandomisedblockdesigns(n=4).Experiment1consistedof1kgdungappliedwitheither(i)0.67ltrurine,(ii)1ltrurineor(iii)2ltrurine.Inexperiment2and3thetreatmentswere(i)noncleanedcontrol,(ii)cleanedafter1hrand(iii)cleanedafter3hr.Thecleaningmethodinexperiment2and3waspressurewashingandscraping,respectively.Ammoniaemissionsweremeasuredusingwind-tunnelsfor72hr.AmmoniaemissionsincreasedlinearlywithincreasingurineNrateinExperiment1withemissionfactorsrangingfrom46%to50%ofurineurea-Napplied.InExperiment2and3thegreatestreductionincumulativeNH3emissionswasobtainedfrompressurewashingat1hwhichreducedemissionscomparedtothenon-cleanedcontrolby91%.Pressurewashingat3hrreducedemissionsby80%whilescrapingafter1hrand3hrsreducedemissionsby78%and54%,respectively.Thegreaterreductioninemissionsassociatedwithpressurewashingwasmostlikelyduetoitsbettercleaningefficiencycomparedtoscraping.Emissionsfromtheyardwererapid,thereforenotonlythemethodbutthetimingofcleaningwasimportantforreducingemissions.Forexample,apreviousstudyfoundlowerreductionefficienciesof45%and23%afterpressurewashingandscraping,respectively,6hrafterexcretadeposition[1].BothwashingandscrapingareeffectivemitigationoptionstoreduceNH3emissionsfromyardsurfaces.Theintervalbetweenexcretadepositionandcleaningisimportant.FarmerscouldbeencouragedtopressurewashtheiranimalhandlingyardsassoonaspossibleafterusetoreduceemissionsandretainNintheirslurry.FundingreceivedfromtheIrishDepartmentofAgriculture,FoodandtheMarine(RSF13/S/430).ThankstoMelinaRamosforconductingfieldwork.[1]Misselbrooketal.,1998.JournalofAgriculturalEngineeringResearch,71,127-135.

171

EffectofinorganicandorganicfertilisationongreenhousegasemissionsfrommaizeMsMartaVilarrasa1,MrsMRosaTeira-Esmatges1,MrJaumeLloveras21UniversityOfLleida,Lleida,Spain,2AgrotecnioCenter,Lleida,Spain


Theapplicationofpigslurry(PS)tocerealasfertiliseristhemostcommonrecyclingmethodinCataloniawhichconcentrates29%oftheSpanishpigfarms.OrganicfertiliserscanaffectN2Oemissions[1],however,theireffectonsoilN2Oemissionsremainsuncertain.AcomparisonoftheeffectofmineralnitrogenandPSongreenhousegas(GHG)emissionswasperformed.Anexperimentwasconductedin2014and2015inacommercialsprinklerirrigatedmaizefield(ZeamaysL.)underMediterraneanconditions(Lleida(Spain)).TheNfertilizationtreatmentswere0,50m3PSha-1appliedatseedingwitheither100or200kgNha-1asammoniumnitrate(AN)topdressapplied,and250kgNha-1asANtopdressapplied(withoutPS).TheN2O,CO2andCH4emissionsweremeasuredwiththesemi-staticclosed-chambermethodandanalysedusingaphotoacousticanalyser.ThehighestN2OemissionscamefromthePS+100kgNha-1treatment.Probably,duetoalowWaterFilledPoreSpace(WFPS)(24-73%)thehighestdoseofN(PS+200kgNha-1)didnotimplythehighestN2Oemission[2].TheNlosses(calculatedasemissionfactor,EF)were0.46%(PS+100),0.07%(PS+200),-0.08%(AN250).ThelowestcumulativeCO2emissioncamefromthecontrolandthehighestcumulativeCO2emissioncamefromthePS+100kgNha-1treatment.ThehighestcumulativeCH4emissioncamefromthePS+200treatment.TheGlobalWarmingPotential(GWP)wasnegativein2014andwaspositivein2015forthemostoftreatments,exceptforthe250kgNha-1treatment.TheGHGI(GreenhouseGasIntensity)wasnegativeforthealltreatmentsin2014andpositiveforthemostofthemin2015,exceptforthe250kgNha-1treatment.TheGHGIresultsshowthatthestudiedsoilactedasasinkofGHGin2014andasasourcein2015.Consideringthe"ClimateSmartAgriculture"objectiveofmaintainingahighyieldtogetherwithkeepingGHGemissionsundercontrol,applying250kgNha-1wasthebesttestedoption.[1]Aguilera,E.,Lassaletta,L.,Sanz-Cobena,A.,Garnier,J.andVallejo,A.2013.Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,164,32-52.[2]Guardia,G.,Abalos,D.,García-Marco,S.,Quemada,M.,Alonso-Ayuso,M.,Cárdenas,L.M.,Dixon,E.R.andVallejo,A.2016.Biogeosciences,13,5245-5257.

172

StrategiestoimprovenitrogenefficiencyindairycowsDrStephenWhelan1,ProfFinbarMulligan2,DrKarinaPierce31ITCarlow,Summerhill,,Ireland,2SchoolofVeterinaryMedicine,UniversityCollegeDublin,Belfield,,Ireland,3SchoolofAgricultureandFoodScience,UniversityCollegeDublin,Belfield,,Ireland


NitrogencanbelostfromfarmsasNH₃,N₂OandNO₃-,causingdamagetothewiderenvironment.InIreland,thenumberofdairycowsin2015was1.3timesthatof2005,resultinginagreaterportionofNemissionsbeingattributedtothedairyherd.ThisabstractfocusesondietarystrategiesthatimproveNefficiencyinthedairycow.StudiesfromtheUKandIrelandwerereviewed.Cowsontheexperimentsrangedfrom35to176daysinmilkandwereofferedeitherpasturebasedormixedration(TMR)typediets.PasturefedcowswereofferedpredominantlyperennialryegrassbasedpasturewithdifferentconcentratetypesorgrasscultivarsevaluatedfortheireffectonNefficiency(ENU).ForcowsofferedTMR,foragesource(maizevs.grasssilage),starchandproteinlevelswereevaluatedfortheireffectonENU.Forthegrassbasedstudies,Nintakerangedfrom0.28kg/day(Milleretal.,2001)to0.65kg/day(Burkeetal.,2008).TheseNintakescorrespondedtothehighestandlowestENUwithintheperennialryegrassbasedstudies(0.30and0.20).However,therewaslittlerelationshipbetweenNintakeandENUinthepasturebasedstudies.AmongsttheTMRfedcows,Nintakerangedfrom0.38kg/day(Whelanetal.,2014)to0.68kg/day(Sinclairetal.,2016),correspondingtoENUof0.37and0.31respectively.ThelowestENU(0.24)wasobservedinWhelanetal.(2011)wherecowsconsumed0.42kgN/day.Thiswas1.3timesgreaterthanthecow’srequirementforintestinallydigestibleprotein,resultingintheexcessproteinbeingexcretedintheurine.Forallstudies,differencesinthestageoflactation,forageNcontentandconcentratesoffered(level/type),werekeydriversofENUinthedairycowsexamined.TheliteraturesuggeststhatimprovementsinENUcanbeachieved,regardlessofdairyfeedingsystem.Forpasturebaseddiets,reducingconcentrateNcontentandmatchingfermentableenergywithrumenavailableNareimportantinimprovingENU.IntheTMRfedanimal,replacinggrasssilagewithmaizesilageconsistentlyimprovesENU.Burke,F.,MurphyJ.,etal.,JournalofDairyScience,90,908-917Miller,L.,Moorby,J.,etal.,GrassandForageScience,56,383-394Sinclair,K.,Homer,E.,etal.,AHDBDairyendofprojectreportWhelan,S.,MulliganF.,etal.JournalofDairyScience,97,7220–7224

173

Sustainableuseofcompostpreparedfromorganicwaste:QualityandriskassessmentMrsKarolinaBarčauskaitė1,MrRomasMažeika11LithuanianResearchCentreForAgricultureAndForestry,Kaunas,Lithuania

R.PosterPresentations-4.Soil&WaterQuality

Theaimofthestudywastoinvestigatequalityoffourdifferentkindsofcomposts.Thefollowingtypesofcompostwerechosen:sewagesludge,greenwaste,mixedmunicipalwastecompostandcompostafterbiological-mechanicalseparation.Dependingonthematerialsusedandthecompostingprocess,compostsarenotonlyrichinnutrients,beneficialforsoil,butalsocontainpollutants.Dryandorganicmattersweredeterminedusinggravimetricmethod.PHH2Owasmeasuredbyacombinedelectrode,electricalconductivitymeasuredwithconductivitymeter.Totalnitrogen-byaKjeldahlnitrogendistiller.Totalphosphorus-byanatomicemissionspectrometrymethod,totalpotassium-byflamephotometry.Heavymetalsweredeterminedinaquaregiabyusingtheatomic-emissionspectrometerOptima2100DV,PerkinElmer.PAHswereinvestigatedusingliquidchromatographywithUVdetector,PCBsbymeansGC-ECDmethod.Compostswithhighnutritionalvalueandlowamountofcontaminantscouldbeusedinagriculture.ItwasdeterminedthatamountofNPKanddifferentpollutantsdependsonmaterialsusedformakingcompost.Toevaluatequalityandassessriskofamountofheavymetalsincompoststheratioofheavymetalsandamountofphosphoruswascalculated(Cd/P,Pb/P,Ni/P,Cr/P).Itwascomparedwiththesameratesofphosphoricfertilizers.Alsointhisresearchworktheamountsofpersistentorganicpollutants(PAHs,PCBs)wereinvestigated.TotalamountofPAHininvestigatedcompostsvariedfrom0.77mg/kginsewagesludgecompost2016sampleto14.87mg/kginmixmunicipalwaste2015sample.AccordingtoexperimentresultsmostcontaminatedofPCBscompostinLithuaniaismixedmunicipalwastecompost.Inconclusion,qualityofcompostspreparedfrombiodegradablewasteinLithuaniaisgettingbetter.Werecommendedthatcontaminationofcompostshouldnotexceed4mg/kg(d.w.)forPAHsand0.2mg/kg(d.w)forPCBs.Getresultsshowthatthemostsuitablecomposttouseinagricultureisgreenwastecompost.

174

DoessoilbiologicalstateinfluenceCandNmineralizationoforganicwasteduringlaboratoryincubationMsNadiaBennegadi-Laurent1,MsSabineHouot2,MsLisaCastel1,MsCarolineDubois1,MJérômeAilhas1,MsKarineLaval1,MsIsabelleTrinsoutrot-Gattin11InstitutPolytechniqueLaSalle-Esitpa,campusRouen,researchunitAgroecologyHydrogeochemistryEnvironmentandRessources(AGHYLE),3RueduTronquet,F-76130ROUENCedex,FRANCE,2INRA,UMR1091EnvironnementetGrandesCultures(EGC),78850Grignon,FRANCE


Applicationoforganicmatterinsoilprovidesavailablenitrogenforcropsandincreasesoilcarbonstocks.Itseffectcanbeevaluatedbystandardizedapproachesofcarbonandnitrogenmineralizationduringsoilincubationinlaboratoryconditions[1].Ouraimwastocharacterizetheevolutionofmicrobialstatusofsoilduringcoldstorage,andevaluatetheimpactonCandNmineralization.Cultivatedloamyclaysoilwascollectedinspring2014,sievedat4mm,stabilizedduring7daysatroomtemperature(C0),thenstoredat4°Cduring1(C1),6(C6)and12(C12)months.Soilmicrobialactivitywasevaluatedby:microbialbiomasscarbon,totalergosterol,DNA(total,16S,18S),β-Glucosidase,arylamidaseandmetabolicprofile.CandNmineralizationofcattlemanureandurbansewagesludgeweremeasuredduringthe175dayslaboratoryincubationat28°Cforthefourstoragemodalities.Soilmicrobialcommunities’compositionwasimpactedbystorage.Measuredbiologicalparameters,describingbothabundance,metabolicdiversityandenzymaticactivities,stronglydecreasedafter6monthsofstorage.Someoftheparametersshowedaresilienceduringthelast6months(C12)andpresentvaluesclosetothoseobservedatC0.NosignificantchangeswereobservedformineralizedCuntilC6.However,alagphaseof3and5dayswereobservedforC6andC12,respectively.Duringthefirsttwoweeks,CmineralizationwaslowerinC12,thenitreversedandwashigherattheend.Thiseffectwaslesspronouncedinthesoilwithurbansludge.ConcerningNmineralization,kineticswereaffectedbysoilstorage.Ithadnoconsequenceonthefinalamountofmineralizednitrogeninurbansludgetreatment.Nevertheless,formanure,theamountofavailablenitrogenafter175daysofincubationwassignificantlyhigherinC1.Soilstorageaffectsmicrobialabundanceandfunctionsespeciallyaftermorethan6monthsstorage.ThesechangeshavelimitedconsequencesontheCmineralizationestimationofexogeneousorganicmatter,probablyduetohighfunctionalredundancyofsoilmicrobes.Nmineralizationpredictionseemstobemoreaffectedandwouldrequirefurtherinvestigations.[1]AFNOR,2009.NormeXPU44-163.Amendementsorganiques.Caractérisationdelamatièreorganiqueparlaminéralisationpotentielleducarboneetdel’azote.

175

Effectofslurryapplicationtiminginlateautumn/winteronnutrientlosstogroundwaterDrWilliamBurchill1,DrKarenDaly1,DrKarlRichards11Crops,Environment&LandUseProgramme,,TeagascJohnstownCastleEnvironmentResearchCentre,,Ireland


UndertheEUNitratesDirectiveitisprohibitedtospreadslurryinIrelandfromthe15thOctoberto12thJanuary(closedperiod)toreducenutrientlosstowater.Theobjectiveofthisstudywastoinvestigatetheeffectofapplyingcattleslurryjustbeforeandwithintheclosedperiodacrossdifferentsoiltypesonnutrientlosstogroundwater.Thisexperimentwasconductedonalysimeterfacility[1]andhadacompletelyrandomizeddesignwithfivesoiltypesandthreeslurrytreatments(n=3).Soilsvariedfromlighttoheavyasfollows:OakPark,Clonroche,Elton,RathanganandCastlecomer.Theslurrytreatmentswere(i)control,noslurryapplied(ctrl),(ii)slurryapplied(33m3/ha)ontheclosedperioddeadline(15thOct:ClosingDate),(iii)slurryapplied(33m3/ha)intheclosedperiod(23rdNov:ClosedPeriod).Leachatewasanalyzedupto9thMayfornutrientconcentrations.Cumulativenitrate-Nleachingrangedfrom0.38to47.26kgN/haandwashigher(P<0.001)ontheintermediateandwelldrainedsoils(Elton,ClonrocheandOakpark)comparedtothepoorlydrainedsoils(CastlecomerandRathagan).Nitrateleachingonthe‘ClosingDate’and‘ClosedPeriod’slurrytreatmentsweresimilarandhigher(P<0.001)thanthecontrol.Totalphosphorus(TP)leachedfrompoorlydrainedsoilswashigher(0.24to1.60kgTP/ha)thanvaluesleachedfromintermediateandwelldrainedsoils(0.003to0.13kgTP/ha).Fromthepoorlydrainedsoils,the‘ClosedPeriod’slurrytreatmentrecordedsignificantlyhigherTPlosscomparedtothecontroland‘ClosingDate’treatments.NosignificantdifferenceinTPlosseswerefoundbetweenslurrytreatmentsontheintermediateandwelldrainedsoils(Elton,ClonrocheandOakpark).FurtherworkisunderwaytoinvestigatedifferencesinTPlossesduetosoilchemistryamongsoiltypes.Slurryspreadinginlateautumn/winterperiodresultedinelevatednitrateleachingregardlessofthetimingofslurryapplicationandwasmoreproneinfreedrainingsoils.Theeffectofslurryspreadinginlateautumn/earlywinteronTPleachingdependedonsoiltype.TheauthorsthankJohnMurphyandFrancescaRevilleforconductingfieldworkwithinthisstudy.[1]RyanandFanning2004.IrishGeography29,126-136

176

ModificationofchemicalandphysicochemicalpropertiesofanagriculturalMediterraneansoil(TypicCalcixerept)bytheadditionofSpentCoffeeGroundsasorganicamendmentMsAnaCervera-Mata1,MrJoséÁngelRufián-Henares2,MrGabrielDelgado11DepartmentofSoilScienceandAgriculturalChemistry.UniversityofGranada.,Granada,Spain,2DepartmentofNutritionandBromatrology.UniversityofGranada.,Granada,Spain


Ithasbeendemonstratedthattheadditionofspentcoffeegrounds(SCG)modifysomesoilpropertiesandprovidemacro-andmicronutrientsintropicalsoilsandsubstrataforcultivation[1].TheobjectiveistoverifytheeffectoftheadditionofincreasingdosesofSCGonchemicalandphysicochemicalpropertiesofanagriculturalMediterraneansoil.TheinvitroassaywasperformedwithLactucasativavar.longifoliainaTypicCalcixerept.TheSCGwereaddedinincreasingconcentrations:1,2,2.5,5,7.5,10,12.5and15%.Thesampleswerecultivatedfor60daysinaclimaticchamber(Temperature22/18ºCandHumidity50/60%).Insoil-SCGmixturesthefollowingchemicalandphysicochemicalpropertieswereanalyzed:pH,electricalconductivityat25ºC(EC25),SOC,totalN,C/Nratio,availablePandK.SCGhavemoreacidicpH,higherEC25,higheramountsoforganicmatter(withC/Nof32),N,P,K,thanthesoiltested.Accordingly,theadditionofSCGmodifiedthesoilpropertiesinproportiontothequantitiesadded.pHincreasedinlinewithcultivationtimeduetothebufferingcapacityofthesoils.TherewasalsoanincreaseofNandSOC,andconsequentlyoftheC/Nratio,duringcultivationtime.ThisincreasecouldbeattributedtotheinsolubleNandCOgeneratedduringSCGtransformationinthesoil[2].Ontheotherhand,TheEC25andthecontentofPandKavailabledecreasedduringcultivationtime,whichcouldbeattributedtotheplant’sabsorptionactivity,sincethepotsusedintheexperimentdonotloseionsbyleaching.AnotherhypothesisnottestedwouldbetheretrogradationofKandP.SCGcouldimprovethechemicalfertilityofagriculturalMediterraneansoilsduetoitshighercontentsofN,PandK.TheadditionofSCGincreasesthecontentofSOCwhichisofenvironmentalinterestwithregardtocarboncaptureandtheconcomitantreductionofCO2emissionsintotheatmosphere.SupportedbyprojectAGL2014-53895-RfromtheSpanishMinistryofEconomyandCompetitivenessandbytheEuropeanRegionalDevelopmentFund(FEDER)[1]Cruz,R.,Mendes,E.,Torrinha,Á.,Morais,S.,Pereira,J.A.,Baptista,P.,Casal,S.,2015.FoodRes.Int,73,190–196.[2]Yamane,K.,Kono,M.,Fukunaga,T.,Iwai,K.,Sekine,R.,2014.PlantProd.Sci,17,93–102.

177

PotentiallytoxicelementsinasetofanaerobicdigestatesproducedinIrelandandUnitedKingdomMScJanersonJoseCoelho1,PhDImeldaCasey1,PhDStephenDowling1,PhDAoifeHennessy1,PhDTonyWoodcock1,PhDNablaKennedy11WaterfordInstituteofTechnology,Waterford,Ireland


Theuseofanaerobicdigestates(ADs)asfertiliserhasincreased.EnvironmentalimpactsassociatedwithADsincludesoilandgroundwatercontamination[1].Evaluatingtheconcentrationsandlimitsofpotentiallytoxicelements(PTEs)intheADsisimportanttopreventtheassociatedrisks.ThisstudyanalysedtheconcentrationsofPTEsinasetofADsfromIrelandandUK.ADssamplesfromsixIrishandfiveUKanaerobicdigestionfacilitiesproducedusingdifferenttypesoffeedstock(food,farmandindustrywastes,sewagesludge,andcultivatedgrasses)werecollectedintriplicate.Samplesweresubjectedtoaciddigestioninaquaregia,thendigestedsampleswereanalysedusingICP-OES(InductivelyCoupledPlasma-OpticalEmissionSpectrometry)accordingtoCEN/TS16170[2].ThefollowingPTEswereanalysed:Cu,Cr,Zn,Pb,Cd,andNi.PTEaverageconcentrations(mg/kg-1)intheADswere(Cu=152;Cr=19;Zn=508;Pb=175;Cd=notdetected;Ni=14).TheaverageconcentrationsofZnandPbforallADsexceededtherecommendlimits(397and149mg/kg-1,respectively)setbytheIrishBioenergyAssociation(IrBEA)[3],whicharebasedonEUwaterandwastedirectives.TheaverageresultofCuforallADswasveryclosetothelimitrecommended(149mg/kg-1)duetothreeIrishandoneUKADspresentingconsiderablyhigherconcentrationsthanrecommended.Themaximumvaluedetected(Cu=339mg/kg-1)wasinanIrishsewagesludgeAD,whichcontainedmorethandoubletherecommendedlimit.Cd,whichhasthelowestlimitvalue(1.3mg/kg-1),wasnotdetectedinanyADsanalysed.PTEsconcentrationamongdifferenttypesofADsdifferedsubstantially.FormostoftheADsanalysed,PTEconcentrationswerewithinorclosetothelimitsrecommendedbyIrBEA.However,itisclearthatlargedifferencesintermsofPTEconcentrationscanoccuramongdifferenttypesofADs,whichrequiresindividualcharacterisationofthemprioranyenvironmentaluse(e.g.landspreading).ConselhoNacionaldeDesenvolvimentoCientíficoeTecnológico(CNPq),WaterfordInstituteofTechnology,andADssuppliers.[1]Nkoa,R.2014.AgronomySustainableDev.34,473-492[2]CEN/TS16170.2012.Sludge,treatedbiowasteandsoil–determinationofelementsusinginductivelycoupledplasmaopticalemissionspectrometry(ICP-OES).[3]IrishBioenergyAssociation(IrBEA).2013.AnIndustryStandardforAnaerobicDigestionDigestate.

178

NitrogenleachingafterapplicationofsolidmanureinautumnbeforespringsowingDrSofiaDelin11SwedishUniversityofAgriculturalSciences,Skara,Sweden


Background&ObjectivesRegulationofmanureapplicationinautumnduetoriskforleachingcanbeproblematicformanurerichinstrawthatcouldbeunbeneficialforthecroptoapplyclosetosowingandonclaysoilsthatcannotbeploughedinspring.Theriskforleachingislikelytodifferbetweendifferentonsoiltextureandmanurecharacteristics.Materials&MethodsNitrogenleachingeffectsweremeasuredfrom80cmdeeplysimetersafterapplicationofmanurewithhighorlowCarbon:Nitrogenratio(C:N=18or10)inOctober,NovemberorMarchonloamysandorsiltyclaybeforesowingspringoats(2014and2016)orspringbarley(2015).Inparallelfieldexperimentseffectsonammoniaemissionsandyieldwasmeasured.Inparallelincubations,netnitrogenmineralizationdependingonmanureC:Nratiowasstudied.Results&DiscussionNitrogenleachingwasnotaffectedbytimingofmanureapplication,whenmanureC:Nratiowas18.However,whenC:Nratiowas10,nitrogenleachingwaselevatedwitharound10kgNperhaaftermanureapplicationinOctobercomparedtoNovemberandMarch.Thegrainyieldwassimilarbetweenapplicationtimesofmanure,buttendedtobelowerafterapplicationofmanurewithhighC:NratioinMarchandafterapplicationofmanureinNovemberonclaysoil.AmmoniaemissionswereonaveragehigherafterapplicationinOctoberwhenairtemperaturewasaround12°CcomparedtoinNovemberandMarchwhenairtemperaturewas5°C.IncubationresultsindicatedthatonlymanurewithC:Nratiobelow14tendedtoreleaseenoughmineralNtobeconsideredasriskforleachingduringthefirstmonthsafterapplication.ConclusionNitrogenleachingafterapplicationofmanurewasunaffectedbytimeforapplicationformanurewithhigh(>14)C:Nratio,whereasformanurewithlowC:Nratio(<14)applicationinOctobercausedhigherNleachingthanapplicationinNovemberandMarch.AcknowledgementThisstudywasfinancedbytheSwedishResearchCouncilFORMAS.

179

TheeffectofwintercropsandcropresiduemanagementonnitrateleachingduringwinterDr.ir.KarolineD'Haene1,2,ir.JeroenDeWaele3,Dr.ir.JoostSalomez4,Prof.Dr.ir.GeorgesHofman2,3,Prof.Dr.ir.StefaanDeNeve31PlantSciencesUnit-ILVO,Merelbeke,Belgium,2ResearchandExtensionAdvisoryBoardonSustainableFertilisation,Merelbeke,Belgium,3DepartmentofSoilManagement-FacultyofBioscienceEngineering-UGent,Gent,Belgium,4DepartmentofEnvironment,NatureandEnergy-FlemishGovernment,Brussels,Belgium


Nitrate(NO₃-)leachingfromfarmlandremainsthepredominantsourceofnitrogen(N)loadstoground-andsurfacewaters.AsresidualsoilmineralN(RSMN)contentatharvestisoftenhighandmayincreasebymineralisationfromcropresiduesandsoilorganicmatter,itiscriticaltounderstandwhichpost-harvestmanagementmeasurescanbetakentorestrictNO₃-leaching.Wesimulated“worst-case”andalternativepost-harvestmanagementscenarioswiththeEU-rotate_Nmodel[1].ThesimulationsstartedatagivenRSMNcontentafterapplyingtheFlemishmaximumallowedNfertilisationrates.MonteCarlosimulationwereperformedtoassessthecombinedeffectofvariabilityinRSMNandweatherconditionsonNO₃-leaching[2].WeevaluatedthedifferentscenariosbycomparingthemeanNO₃-concentrationafterdividingthesimulatedNO₃-concentrationat90cmbyvariousvaluestoincludenaturalattenuationprocesses[3].MonteCarlosimulationsshowedthatRSMNandattenuatedmeanNO₃-concentration(ANCatt)werepositivelycorrelatedformostscenariosandthatthevariabilityinANCattduetodifferentweatherconditionsincreasedwithhigherRSMN.Intheworst-casescenarios,thesimulatedANCattwaslowestforcutgrassland,intermediateforwinterwheat,sugarbeetandsilagemaizeandhighestforpotatoesandlowerforasiltloamthansandysoil.Allofthesimulatedmeasures(catchorcashcropandcropresiduemanagement)significantlyreducedtheNO₃-concentrationintheleachingwater.Forcropswhichareharvestedlate,thepotentialmanagementmeasuresarelimited.EspeciallypotatoesareaproblemcropbecauseofthehighRSMNvalues.UndersowinggrassinsilagemaizeandremovingNrichcropresiduesarepromisingoptions.ThenumberofscenarioswithanANCattcomplyingwiththeNitratesDirectivedependsonthelocalattenuationfactor[2].TheNO₃-concentrationwassignificantlyreducedbythesimulatedmeasures.Regionswithasmallattenuationfactorwillrequiresitespecificplanswithpreconditionsforspecificcropsoradaptationofcroprotations.Awell-balancedcropcombinationonasubcatchmentlevelisessentialtoachievegoodground-andsurfacewaterquality.KarolineD'HaenewishestoacknowledgeVLMforfundingherresearchfortheResearchandExtensionAdvisoryBoardonSustainableFertilisation.[1]Rahn,C.R.etal.2010.EuropeanJournalofHorticulturalScience75S,20-32[2]DeWaele,J.etal.2017.JournalofEnvironmentalManagement187,513-526[3]VanOvertveld,K.etal.2011.Determinationofprocessfactorsforsurfacewaterandgroundwatertoevaluatethenitrateresiduestandard,Heverlee

180

Granulatedcementkilndust:AsAlternativeLimingMaterialforAgriculturalSoilsMsDonataDrapanauskaite1,Dr.RomasMažeika1,Dr.JuliusArnoldasMituzas21LithuanianResearchCentreforAgricultureandForestry,Kaunas,Lithuania,2JSC"Akmenėscementas",NaujojiAkmenė,Lithuania


Anagriculturallimingmaterialisdefinedasamaterialcontainingcalciumand/ormagnesiumcompoundscapableofneutralizingsoilacidity.Nowadaysit’simportanttofindthebestwayhowtouseindustrialwaste.Cementkilndustcanbeusedaslimingmaterial.Theobjectiveofthepresentstudywastoassessdifferentlimingmaterialsqualityandtheimpactonneutralizingsoil.Fortheexperimentweusedfivedifferentlimingmaterials:groundchalk,dolomiticlime,granulatedcementdust(twodifferentfractions)andgranulatedchalk.Wasanalyzedchemicalcomposition:neutralizingvalue,reactivity,heavymetals,calcium,magnesium.CalciumandmagnesiumcontentsweredeterminedusingAtomicabsorptionspectrometricmethod.Toassesstheimpactofneutralizingsoilwasconductedthepotsexperiment.ThesoilusedinpotsexperimentwastypicalofacidsoilsprevalentinWestLithuania.AlsowasanalyzedsoilpH,mobilecalciumandmagnesium.Thetwofactorsaffectingthequalityoflimingmaterialsarechemicalcompositionandphysicalproperties.Thestudiesshowthatthehighestneutralizingvalue99,46%,99,27%andreactivity52,19%,47,81%havegroundandgranulatedchalk.Thecalciumcontentindifferentlimingmaterialswerefrom20,48%to38,82%.However,theeffectivenessofalimingmaterialalsodependsonitsreactivity,whichdependsonparticlesizeandhardness.AgroundchalkcontainingarangeofparticlesizeshastheadvantagethatsmallparticlesrapidlyreacttoraisethesoilpH,granulatedcementdust0,1-2fraction-themediumsizedparticleswillreactlonger,andthelimingmaterial(granulatedcementdust2-5fraction),whichhavethelargeparticleswillneutralizeacidityoverthelongerterm.Thisisconfirmedbythepotsexperiment.GranulatedchalkandgroundchalkgavehigherpHvaluesthangranulatedcementdustanddolomiticlime.Inconclusion,resultsshowedthatlimingmaterials(groundandgranulatedchalk)raisedsoilpHvaluethemostinshortterm,howevergranulatedcementkilndustreactedlongerbutcanbeusedasalternativelongtermlimingmaterialforagriculturalsoils.

181

SimulationofnutrientlossesifslurryreservoirleaksMrJanKlír1,Dr.GabrielaMühlbachová1,Mr.PavelSvoboda1,Dr.HelenaKusá11CropResearchInstitute,Praha,CzechRepublic


Slurryreservoirsshouldbeimpermeabletopreventleachingofharmfulsubstancestogroundwater.Possiblecrackformationinolderreservoirswithoutimpermeablelinerssuchasgeotextilesorclayisarealrisk.Theaimofstudywastoevaluateslurrypenetrationthroughthesandcolumnsimulatingextremelypermeablesoilandtodetermineself-sealingabilityofslurryanddegreeofnutrientleaching.Amodelexperimentfordeterminationofleachingofslurrywascarriedoutunderlaboratorycondition.Thepressurisedcylinderwasusedforexperiments[1].Thecattleslurryof3%,4%,5%,6,5%and8%DMwasusedforsimulationofdifferentslurrydilutionorthickening.Theleakedliquidwasregularlycollectedatleasttwotimesadayandweighed.SubsequentlytheN,PandKcontentintheliquidwasdeterminedbymeansofICP-OESanalyser.TheamountanddynamicsofslurrypenetratingthesandsubstratewereinverselyrelatedtotheDMoftestedslurry.Inallcases,theleakofslurrythroughsubstratewasthegreatestimmediatelyafterthestartoftheexperimentanddecreasedwithtime.Thenutrientconcentrationsinleakedliquid(0.03-0.06%N)increasedwithincreasingDMoftheslurrywhichenteredthecolumn(0.08-0.30%N).ThetotalamountofleachednutrientsdecreasedwithincreasingslurryDMduetodecreasingtotalamountofslurrycapabletopassthroughthecolumn.The“cake”ofsolidparticlesfromtheslurrywascreatedafter24-48hoursfromthebeginningoftheexperiment.Thisresultedinsealingtherouteforpenetrationofslurryandfurtherleakofliquidandnutrientswasnotobserved.Therefore,inanemergencysituation,theriskofgroundwatercontaminationisminimizedandcertaintimeforreservoirreconstructionisavailable.Thesimulatedslurryleakagethroughreservoircrackdeepintosoilprofilestoppedafter24-48hours,despiteofextremelypermeablesoilsimulatedbysandysubstraterepresentingtheworstpossibleemergencysituation.Theriskofgroundwatercontaminationbynutrientsissignificantlyreduced.ThisresearchwasfundedbyNationalAgencyforAgriculturalResearchofCzechRepublicNo.QJ1330214[1]Vegricht,J.2016.Adevicefordetectingleakageofliquidthroughpermeablesubstrate.Utilitymodel.CzechIntellectualPropertyOffice,CZ29190U1.

182

LitterbagbiodegradationdynamicsoffreshanddriedcattlefarmyardmanureasrevealedbyCmineralizationkineticsandtransmissionelectronmicroscopyMrThierryMorvan1,MsFrançoiseWatteau2,MrPhilippeGermain11UMRSAS,INRA,AGROCAMPUSOUEST,35000Rennes,France,2LaboratoireSolsetEnvironnement,UL-UMRINRA1120,Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy,France


Laboratorystudiesofbio-transformationoforganicproductsincorporatedinthesoilareusuallycarriedoutonsamplesofproductsdriedat40°C.Drying,however,canintroduceabiasinorganicmattercharacterization:e.g.duetogaseouslossesorchemicalandbiologicaltransformations.Litterbagexperimentsinvolvingorganicmatter(OM)characterizationbytransmissionelectronicmicroscopy(TEM)attemptedtoidentifythesemodifications.Litterbagscontainingfreshordried(40°C)cattlefarmyardmanure(FYM)wereplacedin2Lflasksfilledwith500gofmoistsoil(85%offieldcapacity)andincubatedat15°C.Theyweresampledat6datesfromdays7to301ofincubation,thendriedat40°CandgroundforCandNanalysis.Initialandincubatedproductswerecarefullysampledwithabinocularmagnifyingglass.Sub-sampleswerepreparedforcharacterizationbyTEM[1].OMbiodegradationfolloweda2-stepkinetic,withaninflectionpointcorrespondingtoastrongdecreaseinbiodegradationafterday28ofincubation.BiodegradationoffreshFYMwassignificantlyhigherduringthefirstphase[0-28d].ThebiodegradationrateoffreshFYMremainedhigherthanthatofdriedFYMattheendofincubation,butwithasmallerdifferencebetweenthetwoproducts.TEMobservationshighlightedcleardifferencesbetweenfreshanddried(40°C)cattleFYM.WhiledriedFYMshowednumerousfeaturesoflignindegradationduetosignificantcolonizationbyfungiduringdrying,freshFYMcontainedmorebacteriashowingcellulolyticactivity.Thisobservedprimingeffectoccurredduringthefirststepofkineticbiodegradation.CmineralizationandTEMresultswererelatedasafunctionofthesamplingdates.Theapproachusedallowedspecificationduringalitterbagexperimentof(i)theimpactofdryingonmineralizationdynamicsofaproductand(ii)OMtransformationinrelationtomicrobialactivity.ThisinformationcomplementsinformationfromOMfractionation.ThisresearchwasfundedbytheAllEnviAlliance.TheauthorsthankJustinePaoli(UL,SCME)forpreparingultra-thinsections.[1]Watteau,F.andVillemin,G.2011.BioresourceTechnology,102,9313-9317

183

RecyclingofolivemillwastewaterstoredinpondsanditsuseasirrigationmethodonagriculturalsoilsMrMiguelA.RepulloRuibérrizdeTorres1,MrManuelMorenoGarcía1,MrJavierMárquezGarcía1,MsRafaelaOrdóñezFernández1,MsRosaCarbonellBojollo11IFAPA(TheAndalusianInstituteofAgriculturalResearchandTraining),AreaofAgricultureandEnvironment,Córdoba,Spain


Intheoliveoilextractionprocesstwoclassesofby-productsaregenerated:asemi-solidorganicpasteandaliquidcomingfromthewashingwaterofoilsandolives,whichisobligatorilystoredinevaporationpondsduetoitscomposition.Toassessagriculturaluseofolivemillwastewater(OMW),fiveexperimentalfieldswereirrigatedwiththeseeffluents.Fourevaporationpondsweresampledduringlagooningperiodandsomechemicalparametersanalysed.Threeoliveorchardsandtwoherbaceousfieldswereirrigatedwith250m³/ha/yrofOMWusingslurrytankers,atleast45daysbeforesowingonherbaceous.Thisvolumewasmodifiedinoliveorcharddependingontheplantingpattern.Inallcases2400L/treeofOMWwasused,throughthreeirrigationsof800L/treeeach.Soilparameterswerealsomeasuredandtheproductionscomparedtoacontrolwithoutirrigation.Theevolutionofstudiedelementsconcentrationsinevaporationpondswereincreasingduringlagoonigperiod,sincetheOMWvolumedecreasedduetohighevaporationrateandrainfallscarceinsummer.Theincreaseofsalinitywasmainlycausedbythehighconcentrationofpotassium(K)insteadofsodium,whichimprovesitsuseasfertilizer.ThesoilorganiccarbonandKanalysedinsoilsampleswerehigherintheirrigatedareaaftertheirrigationsthaninthecontrol.Thisimprovedthesoilfertilitybut,duetothehighvariabilityrecordedinter-treeandinter-year,nosignificantdifferenceswereobservedinoliveproductioninjusttwoyearsofresearch.Ontheherbaceousfields,sunflowerproductionwasnotincreased,whileproductionofwheatwassignificantlyhigherintheirrigationarea.Onlyoneirrigationdaywith250m³/haimprovedthewheatyieldupto25%regardingthecontrol.Regardingtheresultsofthisstudy,theOMWcanrepresentasuitableoptiontoenrichagriculturalsoils.Itsapplicationbyirrigationimprovessoilfertility.Ingeneralterms,thecerealsprovideafasterfeedbacktoirrigationthanoliveorchardorsunflower,thewheatoftheexperimentreachedstatisticallyhigherproduction.To“InterprofesionaldelAceitedeOlivaEspañol”foritsfinancialsupportandolivecooperativesandfarmersinvolvedinthisproject.

184

Tracemetalaccumulationinsoilfollowingrepeatedapplicationofdifferenttypesofanimalmanure.MsIsabelleRoyer1,MrMartinChantigny1,MrDenisAngers11AgricultureandAgri-foodCanada,QuebecCity,Canada


Thisprojectwasinitiatedtostudy,underthesamesoilandclimaticconditions,thefertilizervalueofpigslurry,cattleslurryandpoultrymanureaswellastheassociatedenvironmentalrisks.Inthisparticularstudy,weevaluatedtheimpactofrepeatedapplicationofvariousmanuretypesontheavailabilityoftracemetals.Twofields(siltyclay;sandyloam)weredividedinto60plotsaccordingtoasplit-split-plotdesignwiththreereplicatesnearQuébecCity,easternCanada.Themainplotsconsistedoftillage:no-tillvs.plowing.Thesub-plotswerethefertilizertreatments:control,mineralfertilization,pigslurry,cattleslurryandpoultrymanure.Thesub-sub-plotsinvolvedresiduemanagement:leftinthefieldorremoved.Soilsweresampledannuallyfrom2009to2016tomonitortotalandavailableformsoftracemetal(Cu,Mn,Zn).ThemeanconcentrationoftotalCu,Mn,andZnwas12,186,and54mgkg-1after5yrofrepeatedapplicationofpig,cattleandpoultrymanure,respectively.Thisresultedinincreasesof25,15and11%,respectively,comparedtothebeginningofthestudy.TotalconcentrationsofCu,Mn,andZninthesiltyclaywerehigherinthecattleslurryandthepoultrymanuretreatments,whentheresidueswereremovedfromtheplotseitherunderno-tillorplowing.Thereversewasobservedforthepigslurrytreatmentintheno-tillplots.Similarresultswerefoundinthesandyloam,buttheeffectswerelesspronounced.Cropresiduesreturnedtothesoilmayhaveactedasanadsorbentformetalssincetheconcentrationsinsoilwerelowercomparedsoilswhereresidueswereremoved.Similarresultswereobservedwithavailableformsofmetals.Globally,leavingcropresiduesinthefieldappearstolowermetalaccumulationinsoils,especiallyinclayeysoils.Theseresultshighlighthowmanagementpracticesmayinteractandinfluencetheaccumulationandavailabilityoftracemetalsinsoilswithrepeatedapplicationoflivestockmanure.

185

TheeffectoflitteramountonnutrientcontentinthefarmyardmanureandontheintensityofdungwaterproductioninstoredmanureMrPavelSvoboda1,MrPavelSvoboda1,DrGabrielaMühlbachová1,DrGabrielaMühlbachová1,MrJanKlír1,MrJanKlír11CropResearchInstitute,,,1CropResearchInstitute,Prague6,CzechRepublic


Risksrelatedtonutrientleachingfromstoredmanureintosoil,consequentlytogroundwaterandthereaftertosurfacewaterexistduringfarmyardmanurestorage,especiallyondisposalsitesinthefield[1].Theaimwastodetermineeffectsofdifferentamountoflitteronthenutrientleachingandtogiveinformationtofarmersaboutthebestpracticesformanurestorage.Thefieldexperimenton4disposalsiteswithcattlefarmyardmanurewasestablishedonslopingland(about3°).Theeffectofincreasedlitter(wheatstraw)amountonthenutrientcontentinmanureandinthesoilarounddisposalsitewasinvestigated.Themanurewasanalysedfornutrientcontentatthebeginningoftheexperimentandafteroneyearofmanurestorage.Thesoilsamplesinplaceofdungwateroutflowwereregularlycollectedandanalysedduringthemanurestorage.Farmyardmanurematuratedduringthestorageatthefielddisposalsite.Afteroneyearofmanurestorageonfieldplace,initiallowernutrientcontentsinfreshmanurewithhigherlitteramountincreasedandwerecomparablewithlowerlitterdoseforbedding.Thepercentageofnutrientcontentsinmanureincreasedattheendofexperiment,mainlyduetoevaporationandweightlosses.Thehighestnutrientcontentswerefoundinthemanurewiththehighestlitteramountafteroneyearofexperiment.AnevidentreductionoftheinorganicNcontentinsoilattheplaceofdungwaterrunoffwasrecordedatthehighestlitteramount.TheinorganicNcontentinthesubsoilwasonaverage4timeslowerintreatmentwith8kgstraw/LU/daythanthatoftheothertreatments.Theseresultscorrespondwithdataofanexperimentwithdungwaterrunofffromexperimentalmanure-filledcontainerswithvariouslitteramount[2].Higheramountoflitterusedinthestablehasapositiveeffectonthenutrientcontentinfarmyardmanure.Themostsubstantialreductionofdungwaterrunofffromthemanuredisposalsitewasfoundatbeddingwith8kgofstraw/LU/day.ThisresearchwasfundedbyNationalAgencyforAgriculturalResearchofCzechRepublicNo.QJ1330214[1]Svoboda,P.2011.Úroda(CD),59,431-434.[2]Svoboda,P.&Mühlbachová,G.2015.Úroda(CD),63,323-326.

186

ThermogravimetryandFT-IRspectroscopy:efficientapproachesfororganicamendmentsstabilityanalysis?MsNadiaBennegadi-Laurent1,MsSabineHouot2,MsNathalieDamay3,MJean-BaptisteBesnier4,MsKarineLaval1,MsIsabelleTrinsoutrot-Gattin11InstitutPolytechniqueLaSalle-Esitpa,AgroecologyHydrogeochemistryEnvironmentandRessources(AGHYLE),3RueduTronquet-F-76130ROUENCedex,France,2INRA,UMR1091EnvironnementetGrandesCultures(EGC),78850GRIGNON,France,3LaboratoireDépartementald'AnalysesetdeRecherche,PôleduGriffon,BARENTON-BUGNYF02007LAONCedex,France,4InstitutPolytechniqueLaSalle-Esitpa,Transformationandagroressources,,France

S.PosterPresenations-5.AdoptionandImpact

Facedwiththeneedtoreducetheuseofchemicalfertilizers,spreadingofexogenousorganicmaterial(EOM)providesnutrientsforcropsandimprovingsoilfertilitydependingontheirbiochemicalcomposition.OuraimwastostudythebiochemicalcompositionofEOMaccordingtodifferentmethods,topredicttheirbehaviorinsoilanddetermineappropriatemanagementoftheseEOM.Sixorganicamendments(urbansludge,householdcompost,poultrymanure,sludgecompost,drydigestat,maturecattlemanure)werecharacterizedaccordingtheiri)thermaldecompositionbythermogravimetricanalysis(TG-DSC)inoxidizingatmospherebetween23-900◦C,andbystabilityindexR1(%Masselossofaromaticpeak/%Masselossofaliphaticpeak)(ii)biologicalstability,IROCindicator[1],basedonVanSoestbiochemicalfractionation[2]andshort-termcarbonmineralizationinsoil[3]andiii)FT-IRspectroscopy(wavenumberrange4000–400cm-1).ThesixEOMpresentdifferentTGweightlosscurves(WL%).TotalWLoforganicmatterfractionrangedfrom40%(sludgecompost)to72%(poultrymanure).ThefirstderivativeoftheTGtrace(DTG)profileclearlydifferentiatedtwoexothermalpeaks:268-300°Cand441-497°Cwhichrespectively,couldbeattributedtocarbohydrates(celluloseandlignocellulosic)andrecalcitrant(complexaromatic)compoundsdecomposition.TheR1indexshowedagoodsensitivityindetectingthechangesintheformsofcarboncomposition.Urbansludge,householdcompostandpoultrymanureweremorebiodegradable(R1<0.8)andhavelowlignincontent,contrarytosludgecompost,drydigestatandmaturecattlemanurewhichwerethermallymorestablewithahaving2timesmoreoflignincontent.TheseresultsweregloballyconsistentwithvaluesofIROC.TheFT-IRspectraalsoallowstodiscriminatethedifferentEOM.TheseresultsindicatethatthermogravimetricandFT-IRspectraanalysisareconsistentwiththeIROCindicatorthatcouldbeconsiderasreferencebutthetechniquesaremuchmoreeasiertosetup.Asaperspective,theseapproachcouldbecomparedwithsequentialchemicalextractionscouplingwith3Dfluorescencespectroscopy.[1]Lashermes,G.,Nicolardot,B.,Parnaudeau,V.,Thuriès,L.,Chaussod,R.,Guillotin,M.L.,Linères,M.,Mary,B.,Metzger,L.,Morvan,T.,Tricaud,A.,Villette,C.,Houot,S.2009.EuropeanJournalofSoilScience,60,297-310.[2]AFNOR,2009.NormeXPU44-162.[3]AFNOR,2009.NormeXPU44-163.

187

DairyfarmeffluentmanagementinArgentinaMrsVeronicaCharlon1,MsMariaPazTieri1,MsAlejandraCuatrin11I1InstitutoNacionaldeTecnologíaAgropecuaria.EstaciónExperimentalRafaela.R.34Km227(2300)Rafaela,SantaFe,Argentina,,


TheevidentintensificationofdairyproductionsystemsinArgentinaallowedfortheimprovementofmilkproduction,butincreasedwastewater.InEurope,thatprocesshashadamajoradverseenvironmentaleffect[1].TheaimofthisstudywastoidentifycurrentdairyeffluentmanagementinfarmsinArgentinaandtoevaluatetherelationshipsbetweenwateruse,inputsandthepracticesimplemented.Thepresentworkarisesfromtheanalysisoftheinformationobtainedthroughsurveyswhenvisiting114dairyfarmslocatedintheArgentinePampasduring2014-2015.Thequestionnairecoveredallaspectsrelatedtomanureandslurrymanagement,inputs,diet,animals,wateruseandmilkingfacilities.Indicatorswereappliedtodeterminetheefficiencyofnutrientsandwateruseatfarmscale[1],[2].TherelationsbetweenvariableswereanalyzedwithFactoMineR(Rpackage)throughthemultiplecorrespondencesprocedure.Thefarmswithdairyeffluentmanagementrepresent76%ofthetotalcases.The33%haveatemporarystorageandthendistributeitwithaslurrytankerandtheremaining67%havestoragelagoons(66%onelagoonand34%twoorthree).Ofthese,88%arelocatedlessthan100metersfromthemilkingfacilities.Regardingtheseparationofsolids,previousstorageinlagoons,only13%respondedaffirmatively.Althoughtherewerefewproducersthatperformsolidseparation,80%mentionedtheuseofmanureasfertilizer.Ontheotherhand,the67%ofallthedairyproducersinterviewedcarriedoutsomemanuremanagementofthepens.Fourclusterswereidentifiedaccordingtotheirmanagementpractices.Thelessproductivefarmswerethosewitholderfacilities,higherwaterconsumptionandpoorereffluentmanagement.Incontrast,thosewhohadhigherproductivity,presentedgreaterinputs,betterpracticesofmanuremanagementandwateruse.DairyfarmeffluentmanagementisstillapendingissueinArgentina.Inlightofthenewregulationsandothercountries‘experiences,thereisaneedforimprovingknowledgeandtechnologytransferandidentifyinglimitationstoitsadoption.Theinformationcollectedcanbeusedtodefineresearchtopicsandmanagementstrategies.WethankINTAproject“DairySystemsSustainability”andthesurveytakers.ThankstoAntonelaFalchinitocollaborateintheedition.[1]Martinez,J.,Dabert,P.,Barrington,S.andBurtonC.2009.BioresourTechnol100,22,5527–5536[2]Prochnow,A.,Drastig,K.,Klauss,H.andBerg,W.2012.FoodandEnergySecurity1,1,29-46

188

EffectsofslurrywithdifferentsalinitiesinseedlingstagesoffourannualgrassesVet.LornaIleanaCarbó1,Lic.SusanaMirtaVolpe1,MagisterGracielaMaríaIsabelSardi1,Vet.GuadalupeGutierrez1,Dr.MaríaAlejandraHerrero11UniversidadDeBuenosAires-Fac.Cs.Veterinarias,CiudadAutónomadeBuenosAires,Argentina


InArgentinathereisagrowinginterestindairyslurryapplicationoncrops.However,saltygroundwaterusedinmilkingfacilitiesendsupinslurry[1],whichmaycauseproblemsassociatedtotheirsporadicuse.Theobjectivewastoevaluatetheeffectsofdifferentsalinitydairyslurryinseedlingstageofannualgrasses,toimprovefarmers´utilizationinsaltygroundwaterareas.Earlygrowthphytotoxicitybioassayprotocolforcontaminatedsoils[2]for22days,wasusedinAvenasativa,Loliummultiflorum,Zeamais,andSorghumvulgare,inaFactorialdesign(n=4),2x5:%DM(0;5)andelectricalconductivity(EC:0,5,10,15,20mS*cm-1).Milkingfacilitymanurewascollected,anddeionizedwaterandsodiumchloridewereaddedtoprepareSlurrysolutions(TrSn).Seedlingrootandshootlengths(mm)weremeasuredandshoot-rootratio(SRR)calculated.ANOVAandmultiplecomparisons(Bonferronimethod)wereperformed.Nointeractionbetween%DMandECweredetectedforrootlength(RL)(p>0.05).Inallspecies,RLwasaffectedbyEC,whereasitwasonlyaffectedby%DMinSorghumvulgare(SV)andZeamais(ZM)(p>0.05).AdecreaseinRLwasobservedinallspecies,withthegreatestimpactonAvenasativa(AS)(70%),followedbyZM(63%),Loliummultiflorum(LM:42%),andSV(27%).Theimpactof%DMonRLvaried,beingshorterin5%DMinSV(25%)andlongerforZM(10%).Theshoot-rootratio(SRR)variesgreatlyamongspecies.WhereasinLM,nosignificantdifferencesweredetected(p>0.05),interactionbetween%DMandECweredetectedinASandZM,andinSVsignificantdifferenceswerefoundfor%DMandECseparately.Thesedifferencesmaybeduetoreleasesammoniafrommineralizationduringthefirstdaysofslurryapplicationthatcouldaffecttheseedlingstage[3].Highsalinityinslurryaffectedrootgrowthwhichcouldaffectlaterstagesofgrowth.Grassesshowdifferentsensitibityduringthisstage.Itisimportanttofurtherstudytheimpactsduringmoreadvancedplantstagesandwithdifferentdosesofslurryapplication,andlongtermeffectsonsoilfromapplications.TothefinancialsupportfromtheUBACYTProgram,project498BA-2014-2017fromtheUniversidaddeBuenosAires[1]HERRERO,M.A.,2014.PHDThesis,40-190[2]ENVIROMENTALTECHNOLOGYCENTRE(ETC),EnvironmentCanadaReport,2005.EPS1/RM/45.131p.[3]RIVERO,G.;GALIZIO,R.;MUGNOLO,A.;MESTELAN,S.;LETT,L.2015.HorticulturaArgentina34,5-13

189

ActivitiesoftheRAMIRANtaskgroup"Countrymanuremanagementprofiles"HaraldMenzi1,BarbaraAmon2,ElioDinuccio3,DavidFangueiro4,LaurenceLoyon5,TomMisselbrook6,Maria-RosaMosquera-Losada7,TavsNyord8,LizzieSagoo9,JoséJavierSantiago-Freijanes7,JohnWilliams91SwissFederalOfficefortheEnvironment,CH-3003Bern,Switzerland,2LeibnizInstituteforAgriculturalEngineeringandBioeconomy(ATB),D-14469Potsdam,Germany,3UniversityofTurin,DepartmentofAgriculture,ForestandFoodScience(DISAFA),10095Grugliasco(Torino),Italy,4LisbonUniversity,InstittutoSuperiordeAgronomia,1349-017Lisboa,Portugal,5NationalResearchInstituteofScienceandTechnologyforEnvironmentandAgriculture(Irestea),35044RennesCedex,France,6RothamstedResearch-NorthWyke,Okehampton,Devon,EX202SB,UK,7UniversityofSantiagodeCompostela,CampusdeLugo,27002-Lugo,Spain,8AarehusUniversity,8200AarhusN,Denmark,9ADAS,Boxworth,Cambridge,CB234NN,UK


Toassessmanureandorganicresiduesmanagementanditsstrengthsandweaknesses,aholisticviewatthenationalor/andregionallevelisimportant.Thisrequiresstructuraldataandinformationoncommoncurrentmanagementpractice,nutrientflows,therelevantpolicyandeconomicframeworketc.TheRAMIRANtaskgroup"Countrymanuremanagementprofiles"iscompilingsuchinformationfordifferentcountries.Thecompilationofacountrymanuremanagementprofilehastoworkwiththeinformationinacountrythatisreadilyavailableorcollectablewithexistingcapacities.Acombinationofdatafromstatisticsorrecentrepresentativesurveys,experiencesofpracticeorientatedprojectsandexpertknowledgeisusuallyapromisingapproach.Forthis,itisimportantthatexpertsfromdifferentfieldsworktogetherininterdisciplinarynationalteams.ThesenationalteamsexchangeexperienceandknowledgeintheframeworkoftheRAMIRANtaskgroup.AnexampleofaratherdetailedcountrymanuremanagementprofilewaspresentedforSwitzerlandattheRAMIRAN2015conference[1].AnoverviewofthesituationinFranceispresentedbyLoyontoday[2](intheseproceedings).WorkisalsoongoingorplannedforthenearfuturefortheUK,Portugal,Spain,Italy,DenmarkandAustria.ExistingsurveyandprojectresultscanbeusedinAustria,Italy,SpainandtheUK.AdetailedsurveyusingaquestionnaireisbeingpreparedinDenmarkandproposalsforprojectsupporthavebeensubmittedinPortugalandDenmark.AlthoughthenewcountrymanuremanagementprofileswillnotbefinishedforRAMIRAN2017,itwillbepossibletogiveanoverviewofthestateoftheworkandexperiencesgainedandrecommendationsderivedfromthemandtodiscusshowtocontinueandfinishtheworkuntilRAMIRAN2019andcommunicateittoawideraudience.AlthoughitisnotrealistictoprovidedetailedbuthighlystandardizedcountrymanuremanagementprofilesacrossEurope,RAMIRANprovidesanidealplatformtoinitiatesuchworkinmanycountries,tolinknationalexpertgroupsandtoeventuallyprovideanintegratedEuropeanoverview.Youareinvitedtojointhetaskgroup![1]Menzi,H.,Kupper,T.,Richner,W.andSpiess,E.2015.CountrymanuremanagementProfile:Switzerland.Proc.Ramiran2015[2]Loyon,L.2017.ManuremanagementinFrance:areviewofcurrentdataavailableforpoultry,cattleandpigproduction.Proc.RAMIRAN2017,https://www.ramiran2017.com

190

ThepossibleusesoftechnologicalwatersfromstablesonagriculturallandDrGabrielaMühlbachova1,MrPavelSvoboda1,MrJanKlír11CropResearchInstitute,Prague6,CzechRepublic


Technologicalwaters(TW)arecreatedinanimalhusbandryprocessindirectconnectionwithdailyproductionprocesses[1]andmayrepresentanadditionalsourceofnutrientsavailableforcropfertilization.Theaimoftheexperimentwastoevaluateeffectsofapplicationoftechnologicalwatersonthegrowthandnutrientuptakebyperennialryegrassaswellasonsoilmicrobialactivities.Thepotexperimentwascarriedoutfor112days.DosesofTWappliedat1or2weekintervalswere10,20and40t/ha.TheyieldsoftwoharvestsofryegrassandN,PandKcontentinplantsweredeterminedafterdigestioninH2SO4andH2O2.Theincubationexperimentwiththedosesoftechnologicalwaters5,10,20and40t/hawascarriedouttodeterminesoilmicrobialbiomassC[2]andrespiratoryactivity[3].TheplantweightdecreasedatlowerTWdosesincomparisonwithcontrol.Anincreaseoftheryegrassyieldwasnotedatthehighestrate40t/haofTW.Theyieldinthesecondharvestwascommonlylow,butafterTWapplicationgenerallynotlowerthaninthecontrol.Thehighestyieldwasobtainedatadose40t/haofTW.NutrientuptakebyryegrassaffectedbyapplicationofTWshowedtwodifferenttrends.Ittendedtodecreaseatthefirstharvestandtoincreaseafterthesecondharvest,incomparisonwithcontrol.TheresultsshowedpossiblenegativeeffectsofTWontheplantgrowthandnutrientuptakeinthefirstpartoftheexperiment,possiblyduetothepresenceofdisinfectionagentsinTW.Ontheotherhand,theincubationexperimentshowedthatTWhadpositiveeffectonmicrobialbiomassCandrespiratoryactivityuptothedose30t/ha.TheyieldofperennialryegrasswasaffectedbyTWapplication.AslightfertilizationeffectofTWwasfoundathigherdoses.TWdosesnotexceeding20t/shouldbeappliedinlongerintervalstoavoidpossiblerisksofdisinfectionagentsandtoensureadequateyieldandsoilmicrobialactivities.ThisresearchwasfundedbyNationalAgencyforAgriculturalResearchofCzechRepublicNo.QJ1330214&MoAInstitutionalProjectRO0417[1]Anderson,P.J.E.andDomsch,K.H.1978.SoilBiol.Biochem.,10,215-221.[2]Vance,E.D.,Brookes,P.C.andJenkinson,D.S.1987.SoilBiol.Biochem.,19,703-707.[3]Vegricht,J.,Machálek,A.,Fabiánová,M.,Miláček,P.andKlírJ.2009.Mechanizacezemědělství,12,34-38.

191

siMMin™:onlinesoftwaretooltosimulatecopperbalanceinfeedingprogramsofgrowingpigsMsAgatheRomeo1,MrStéphaneDurosoy1,DrJean-YvesDourmad21Animine,Sillingy,France,2INRA-AgrocampusOuest,UMRPegase,Saint-Gilles,France


Athighlevel,copper(Cu)canimprovepigletsgrowthperformance.Consequently,itiscommonlysuppliedinexcessindietsandCulevelsinanimalwastesmayexceedmaximalauthorizedvalueswhenmanureisusedasorganicfertiliser.SomescientificmethodstoestimatecopperbalanceinpigfarmshavebeenproposedbyINRAandcanbeusedbythepigindustry.CuretentioningrowingpigiscalculatedbasedonthedifferenceinCubodycontentbetweenthebeginningandtheendofadefinedperiod.InordertocalculateeasilytheCuexcretion,thesoftwaresiMMin™CuhasbeendevelopedwiththesupportofINRA,withthefollowingvariables:feedingprogramsonthefarm,growthperformanceandCuconcentrationsineachfeed.Itfocusesonthepiggrowinglife,fromtheweaningtotheslaughter.ThesoftwaresiMMin™Cuenablestosimulatechangesineachvariablecomparedtotheexistingsituation,andtomeasuretherateofimprovementinthetotalreductionofCuexcretioninthelifeofthegrowingpig.Itisintuitive,user-friendlyandavailableonlinesinceDecember2016atwww.animine.eu/simmin/forallstakeholdersinvolvedinpigproduction.Dependingonthelevelofinterestexpressedlocally,thissoftwareshouldbelateravailableinnationallanguagesformajorpigproducingcountries,likeithasbeenrealizedinGermanandinChinesefortheZnapplication.

192

Spreadingqualityassessmentfordifferentdigestate’ssolidfractiontreatmentsAssistantengineerJean-ChristopheRoux1,EngineerPhilippeHeritier1,EngineerEmmanuelPiron1,ResearcherMarilysPradel1,EngineerJackyMazoyer1,AssistantengineerNicolasDeFreitas1,TechnicianDidierVarion1,EngineerLucasGiard1,EngineerDenisMiclet1,TechnicianBrunoDesnoyer1,ResearcherRomainGirault2,ResearcherFabriceGuiziou21Irstea,DomainedesPalaquins,France,2Irstea,17AvenuedeCucillé-CS64427,France


Thedevelopmentofanaerobicdigestionplantleadstoincreasedvolumeofdigestates.Post-treatmentsareoftenusedtoreducetheirvolumeandconcentratenutrients.Farmerscurrentlyusepost-treateddigestatesasorganicfertilizers.Fieldapplicationqualityandpost-treatmentefficiencyhavetobeimprovedinordertomaximizeagronomicaluseofthenutrientsandminimizetheirenvironmentalimpacts.Inordertoestablisharealmapofthespreadingqualityforeachpost-treateddigestate,simulationsoftwareisused.CriteriadefinedintheEuropeanstandardEN-13080toassessspreadingqualityhavetobeestimatedastheyareusedassoftware’sparameters.Experimentswereconductedfortheseveraldigestatespost-treatment(drying,peletizationafterdrying,andincorporationofliquidfractionconcentrateintothedrieddigestatetoincreaseitsfertilizingvalue)usingtwotestsbencheswithdifferentspreader/tractorpairs.Digestateexperimentalresultswerecomparedtothoseobtainedforrawsolidfractionofdigestate,cattlemanureandlayinghensdroppings.Thankstothespreadingpatternsprovidedbysimulationsoftware,twoindicatorswerecalculated:spreadingaccuracyandspreadingprecision.Precisionquantifiestheoverallspreadingvariabilityatthefieldscalewhileaccuracyrepresentsthepotentialandoverallerrorontheapplicationratewithinthefield.Thepurposeoftheseindicatorsistoidentifytheimpactofeachpost-treatmentonthedigestatespreadingqualityforeachsimulation.Thedigestatewiththemostadvancedtreatment(peletization)obtainsthebestspreadingqualityfollowedbytherawsolidfractionofdigestate.Consequently,otherpost-treatmentsdon'toptimizedigestatespreadingquality.Digestateswithouttreatmentpresentanimportantvariabilityinspreadingqualityduetothenatureofthedigestate,users,spreadersandadjustmentequipments.Themostadvancedtreatment(peletization)isclearlythebestforqualityofspreading.Thedryingandtheadditionofconcentratedliquidfractiontothedrieddigestatedon'toptimizespreadingquality.However,thespreadingqualityoftheseproductsisequallyeffectiveascattlemanureorlayinghensdroppingsspreadingquality.ThisworkwassupportedbyADEME'sProgramme:“DOSTE2013”

AA.Sogn,Trine 49,114 Amon,Barbara 154A.Chiariotti1, 125 Anderl,Michael 154A.Signorini2, 125 Andreu,J. 122Abdelhai,Guerouali

160 Andreu-Rodriguez,Javier

149,167

Abram,Florence 112 Angers,Denis 184,28,48ADACHI,Yoko 100 Anthony,Guibert 81Agullo,Enrique 149,167 Antognoni,Stefano 60Agulló,E. 122 Anton,Assumpció 68Agulló,Enrique 123 Antón,Assumpció 121Ailhas,Jérôme 174 Antoun,Hani 72Airoldi,Gianfranco 8 Aranguren,Marta 73Aizpurua,Ana 73 Arif,Muhammad Ajbilou,Mohamed 160 Arif,Muhammad

Saleem

Alali,Said 160 Ascue,Johnny 108Albihn,Ann 56 Ashekuzzaman,

S.M.140,75

Alvarenga,Paula 59 AUBRY,Christine Alvarenga,Paula 53 Auer,Agathe 57Alverbäck,Adam 108 Auvinet,Nicolas 81Ammann,Christof 17 AUVINET,Nicolas 46Amon,Barbara 189 Awodun,Moses

AdeyeyeAdeyemi

BBáez,Dolores 159 Bize,Ariane 7Baiges,Teresa 68 Bjorneberg,Dave 155Bailey,John 33,66 Blanco,Fernando 55Baker,John 155 Blondel,Laurent 81Bakharev,Oleg 35 Bofinger,Jakson 126Bakšienė,Eugenija 153 Boggess,Mark 155Balaine,Nimlesh 18 Boland,TommyM. 169Balsari,Paolo 4,10 Boland,Tommy.M 83Balsari,Paolo 8 Bolton,Declan 112Bandara,L.R.R.P. Bona,Daniela 60Bannink,André 23 Bonmati,August 121Barber,X. 122 Bonmatí,August 68Barber,Xavier 149 Bontá,Marcos 98Barčauskaitė,Karolina

173 Bouchard,AdelineB.Møller,Henrik

38111

Bareha,Younes 5 Bourdin,Fredric 163Beckert,Iris 62 Bourke,Martin 30

Beekman,Volkert 115 Brennan,Fiona 57,112Béline,Fabrice 128 Brennan,Ray 163Bell,Madeleine 84 Brestenský,

Vojtech86

Bennegadi-Laurent,Nadia

174,186 Bridoux,Gilbert 128

Benoit,Pierre 50 Brimo,Khaled 50Bernal,Maria-Pilar 116 Brouček,Jan 86Bernes,Gun 44 Bryant,Ray 155Besnier,Jean-Baptiste

186 Buffet,Julie 7,81

Beyer,Michael 35 Burchill,William 76,107Bhogal,Anne 52 Burchill,William 162,45Biala,Johannes 79 Burchill,William 163,170,175Bilbao,Jennifer 115 Burgos,Laura 121Bilbao,Jennifer 24 Burton,C 157Bilbao,,J. 157 Bustamante,MA 122Bioteau,Thierry 81 Bustamante,Maria

Angeles167

BISPO,Antonio 69 Bustamante,MaríaAngeles

123

Bittman,Shabtai 89 Bustamante,Marian

149

Bittman,Shabtai 28 Bustamante,MA 37,41

CCabell,Joshua 11 Chen,Shuo 138,141,113Cahalan,Enda 163 Chiarelotto,Maico 126,126,37,41Calì,Massimo 124,125 Chiariotti,

Antonella124,125

Calvo,Manuel 24 Christ,Divair 152Camps,Francesc 121,68 Clavin,Dan 143Cañada,Pablo 67 Clemente,Rafael 116Carbó,LornaIleana 188 Coelho,Janerson

Jose144

CarbonellBojollo,Rosa

183 Condren,SarahA. 169

Carolan,Rachael 22,66,82,103 Condren,Sarah.A 83Carswell,Alison 14 Connan,Romain 128Caruso,Tancredi 58 Cordovil,Claudia 156Casey,Imelda 144,177 Costa,LuizAntonio

deMendonça152,37,41

Casey,Kenneth 21 Costa,LuizAntoniodeMendonça

126

Cassidy,John 36 Costa,MônicaSarolliSilvade

37,41

Castel,Lisa 174 Costa,MônicaSarolliSilvadeMendonça

126,126,145,152

Castellón,Ander 73 COSTA,LUIZANTONIODE

126,145

Castoldi,JoãoPauloTomasini

126 Côté,Caroline

Castro,Juan 159 Cotton,Joseph 14Cattaneo,Martina 106,119 Coutinho,João 26Cervera,Teresa 68 Coutinho,João 91Cervera-Mata,Ana 142,176 Cowan,Nicholas 84Chadwick,Dave 14 CruzGarcia-

Gonzalez,,M.43

Chamara,R.M.S.R Cuatrin,Alejandra 187Chantigny,Martin 184,28,48 Cumbie,Bill Chapleur,Olivier 128,7 Cummins,Enda 112Charlon,Veronica 187,97 Curran,Tom 163Charlón,Verónica 98 Curran,Thomas 161Chen,Qing 138,141,113 Curran,Tom 162,47

DDaatselaar,Co 146,115 Deschamps,

Marjolaine50

Dabert,Patrick 128,7,9 Desnoyer,Bruno 192Daguerre,Silvana 40 D'Haene,Karoline 179,93Dahlin,Johannes 134 Dignac,Marie-

France38

Dai,Fei Dijkstra,J. 23Daly,Karen 175 Dinuccio,E 157Damaceno,FelippeMartins

126,126,37,41 Dinuccio,Elio 189,4,10

Damay,Nathalie 186 Dinuccio,Elio 8Daumer,Marie-line 117 Doehler,Helmut 129,130,157DAUMOIN,Mylène 46 Domingo,Francesc 68DeFreitas,Nicolas 192 DomingoOlivé,

Francesc27,31

DeKoeijer,Tanja 146 Dongo,Kouassi 131DeNeve,Stefaan 179 Dorais,Martine 72DePra,Marina Dôres,José 53DeRosa,Daniele 79 Dourmad,Jean-

Yves191

DeWaele,Jeroen 179 Dowling,Stephen 177Dedina,M 157 Dragicevic,Ivan 71Degueurce,Axelle 137 Dragicevic,Ivan 49Deipser,Anna 131 Drapanauskaite,

Donata180

Delgado,Gabriel 142,176 Dubé,Patrick Delin,Sofia 178,110 Dubois,Caroline 174Demeyer,Peter 62 Ducey,Thomas 39Derikx,Piet 64 Durosoy,Stéphane 191Dersch,Georg 154

ddeNeergaard,Andreas

133 deWaal,Theo 112

EEhmann,Andrea 24 Engström,Lena 110Eich-Greatorex,Susanne

49,71,114 Epelde,Lur 55

EkraNoëlN’guessan,Kombo

131 Erazo-Arrieta,R. 151

Elliot,Christopher 22 Eugene,Maguy 164Elving,Josefine 56 Eurich-Menden,

Brigitte42

FFan,Bingqian 141 Fisgativa,Henry 9Fangueiro,David 91 Flynn,David 58Fangueiro,David 189 Foldal,Cecilie 154Fangueiro,David 26 Fornara,Dario 58Fariña,Lorena 159 Fornasier,Flavio 60Fariña,SantiagoRafae

67 Forrestal,Patrick 75,76

FAUCON,Michel-Pierre

74 Forrestal,Patrick 163

Fechter,Maximilian

134 Forrestal,PatrickJ 22,30

Federolf,C.P. 25 Forristal,Dermot 168Fenton,Owen 87,140,75,112

Fox,Ian 33

Fenton,Owen 76,163 Fraga,Irene 91Ferreira,Cláudia 59 Fraga,Irene 26Feyereisen,Gary 155 Franzen,Julia 54Finnegan,William 158,12 Fryda,Lydia 120

GG.Sommer,Sven 62 GIRAULT,Romain 46Gabrielle,Benoit GjeddeSommer,

Sven18

Gaffney,Michael 32,36 Godbout,Stéphane Gagnon,Bernard 150 Goedhart,Paul 15Garbisu,Carlos 55 Goggins,Jamie 158GarcíaPomar,MaríaIsabel

159 GOMGNIMBOUAP,K

García-Souto,Valentín

159 GonzálezLlinàs,Elena

27,31

Garnier,Patricia 50 GonzálezPereyra, 98

AnaValeriaGARNIER,Patricia 69 Grace,Peter 79Gavilanes-Terán,I. 151 Grandi,Luca 65Gebauer,Ruth 11 Gregova,Gabriela 92Germain,Philippe 182 Grimm,Ewald 42Giard,Lucas 192 Grönroos,Juha 99Gibson-Poole,Simon

84 Gubert,Francesco 65

GILLIOT,Jean-Marc Gubler,Andreas 54Gilsanz,Claudia 159 Guiziou,Fabrice 164,192,104Gioelli,Fabrizio 4,10 GUIZIOU,Fabrice 46Gioelli,Fabrizio 8 Gunawardena,

Ajith

Girault,Romain 192,104 Gutierrez,Guadalupe

188

Girault,Romain 5

HHaas,Edwin 154 Herron,Jonathan 161Hackett,Richie 147,29 Hodgson,Chris 90Hafner,Sasha 62 Hofman,Georges 179,93Hamilton,Alistair 84 Hojito,Masayuki 100Hansen,M 157 Holly,Michael 95Harty,Mary 22 Hoogeveen,Marga 146Hayes,Enda 47 Hossain,Kamal 111Healy,Mark 163 HOUBEN,David 74Healy,MarkG 45 Houot,Sabine ,174,186,38,50Healy,MarkGerard 76,87 Hromada,Rudolf 92Heitz,Dominique 81 Huijsmans,Jan 15Hellstedt,Maarit 6,9 Huijsmans,Jan 62Henihan,Annemarie

132 Hunt,Derek 89

Hennessy,Aoife 177 Hunt,John 14Hensen,Arjan 120 Hussain,Qaiser Heritier,Philippe 192 Hutchings,Nicholas 80Herrero,MariaAlejandra

97 Hyde,Tim 63

Herrero,MaríaAlejandra

188,67,98

IIdrovo-Novillo,J. 151 Int.VERA

Commission,International

62

JJHutchings,Nick 156 Jimenez,Julie 5J.Clough,Timothy 18 Jimenez,Julie 94

JabardoCamprubi,Marc

31 Jonassen,Kristoffer 105

Janzen,Henry 51 Jones,Davey 14Jensen,Ole 35 JoseCoelho,

Janerson177

Jeppsson,Knut-Håkan

44

KKale,Aneesh 162 Kleinman,Pete 95KANDELER,Ellen 74 Kleinman,Peter 155Kang,Lingyun 141 Klír,Jan 181,185,190,61Kavanagh,Ian 45,76 Klír,Jan 185,61Kelleghan,David 47 KoladeOgun,

Moses131

Keller,Armin 54 Kormosova,L. 92Kelly,Alan 169 Körner,Ina 96Kelly,Alan.K 83 Körner,Ina 131Kennedy,Nabla 177 Krogstad,Tore 49Kennedy,Nabla 144 Krol,DominikaJ 22Kirwan,Stuart 169,83 Kupper,Thomas 166Kitzler,Barbara 16 Kusá,Helena 181Kitzler,Barbara 154 Kwapinski,Witold 132KjerulfPetersen,Lars

96 KYULAVSKI,Vladislav

69

LLaManna,Alejandro

97 Lehtoranta,Suvi 109

Laabouri,FatimeZohra

160 LemboG, 125

Lafolie,François 50 Lévesque,Vicky 72Lafond,Jean 28 Lewandowski,Iris 24LAMBERS,Hans 74 Leytem,April 155Lambert,Damien 47 Li,GuoXue 164Landry,Christine Li,Guoxue Lange,EduardoSutil

41 Li,Huanhuan 139

Lanigan,Gary 76,162,168,170,84

Li,Yun 164

Lanigan,Gary 163,107 Liu,Jingna 133Lanigan,GaryJ 22,45 Lloveras,Jaume 171Lanzén,Anders 55 Loisel,Philippe 81Laor,Yael 85 Lorin,HigorE.

Francisconi152,37

Larney,Francis 51 Lorin,HigorEistenFrancisconi

145

Lars,Stoumann 133 Loyon,Laurence 164,189

JensenLarsson,Miriam 148 Loyon,Laurence 102Laughlin,Ronald 82,103 Lu,Peng 138Laval,Karine 174,186 Lundkvist,Anneli 110Lazauskas,Sigitas 70 Luo,WenHai 164LeRoux,Sophie 7 Luo,Yuan Leahy,JJ 132 Luostarinen,Sari 6,99LealJr.,DarciPedro 145,152 Lynch,Deirdre 132Leavy,Elaine 143 Lyons,Gary 66Lee,Alan 36

MM.Calì, 125 Mijangos,Iker 55Magri,Albert 128 Minet,EddyP 22Maiillard,Émilie 48 Misselbrook,Tom 170,189,106Maillard,Émilie 28 Misselbrook,Tom 14,107Maire,Juliette 84 Misselbrook,Tom

H90

Mannai,Hanen Mituzas,JuliusArnoldas

180

Manns,Dirk 96 Mojzisova,Jana 92Marhuenda-Egea,FrutosC.

123 Möller,K 157

Markey,Bryan 112 Moloney,Aidan 161MárquezGarcía,Javier

183 Mondini,Claudio 60

Martel-Kennes,Yan Moore,Philip 34Martin,Cécile 164 Morais,Marie-

Christine53

Martín,Iker 55 Moral,R. 122MARTINEZ,José Moral,Raul 149,167,40Martinez-Sanchez,Veronica

137 Moral,Raul 37,41

Martinez-Tomé,Juan

167 Moral,Raúl 123

Mažeika,Romas 173,180 MorenoGarcía,Manuel

183

Mažeika,Romas 153 Morin,Cédric Mazoyer,Jacky 192 Morin,Santiago 67MAZOYER,Jacky 46 Morvan,Thierry 182,94McDonnell,James 143 MosqueraLosada,

Julio62

McGeough,Karen 82,103 Mosquera-Losada,Maria-Rosa

189

McGeough,KarenL 22 Mourinha,Clarisse 59McIlroy,John 103 Mourinha,Clarisse 53McIlroy,John 82 Mühlbachova,

Gabriela190

McKay,Zoe.C 83 Mühlbachová, 185

GabrielaMeade,Grainne 163 Mühlbachová,

Gabriela181,185,61

Melse,R 157 Mühlbachová,Gabriela

61

Menzi,Harald 189,17 Müller,Christoph 82Menzi,Harald 166 Müller,Michael 54Mercier,Vincent 38 Mulligan,Finbar 172Meuli,RetoG. 54 Munro,DanielG 90Michel,Etienne 74 Murphy,John 30MICHEL-LEROUX,Sophie

46 Murphy,Pat 63

Miclet,Denis 192

NNACROH,B Noirot-Cosson,

Paul-Emile

Natal-da-Luz,Tiago 53 Nolan,Stephen 57,112Naylor,Travis 19 Nordberg,Åke 108Nichol,Caroline 84 Noura,Ziadi 150,72Nicholson,Fiona 52 Nousiainen,Jouni 99Nicholson,FionaA 90 Nunes,Guillaume 104Niedzialkoski,RosanaKrauss

126 NUNES,Guillaume 46

Nielsen,NielsChistian

35 Nunez,Guillaume 81

Nissanka,Sarath Nyord,Tavs 189,35Nissanka,SarathP. Nyord,Tavs 62

OO'Connor,Christina

170 ONO,Yutaka 100

O'Flaherty,Vincent 112 Oosterkamp,Elsje 115OGASAWARA,Hideki

100 OrdóñezFernández,Rafaela

183

Ojinaga,Mikel 73 Ortiz,Carlos 68Olesen,Jørgen 80 Osborne,Bruce 168Olfs,H.-W. 25 Osorio-Arce,Liliana

Marcela47

O'Neill,Macdara 168 Ouvrard,Stephanie 50

PPacholski,Andreas 25 Pérez-Espinosa,

Aurelia123

PAILLAT,Jean-Marie

69 Perez-Murcia,MariaDolores

149

Palhares,JulioCesarPascale

97 Perez-Murcia,MariaDolores

167

Palkovičová,Zuzana

86 Pérez-Murcia,MariaDolores

123

Palladino,RafaelAlejandro

67 Pérez-Murcia,MD 122

Palma,Patrícia 59 Petersen,Søren 80Palma,Patrícia 53 Peu,pascal 81Palmborg,Cecilia 148,44 Peu,Pascal 137Papajova,Ingrid 92 Philippe,François-

xavier

Paredes,C. 122,151 Picard,Sylvie 164,117Paredes,Concepcion

149 Pierce,Karina 172

Paredes,Concepción

123 Pierce,Karina 163

Paredes,Concepcion

167 Pierce,KarinaM. 169

Parera,Joan 68 Pierce,Karina.M 83Parker,David 21 Pinos-Neira,R. 151PascalePalhares,JulioC.

98 Piron,Emmanuel 192

Pastoriza,Silvia 142 Piveteau,Simon 117Patanita,Manuel 53 Plunkett,Mark 30,63Patureau,Dominique

94 Plunkett,Mark 143

Pecile,Angelo 65 Pradel,Marilys 192Peiris,H.M.P. PRADEL,Marilys 46Pelletier,Frédéric Prasad,Munoo 36Perazzolo,Francesca

106,119 Prins,Henri 146

Pereira,DercioCeri 145,152 Provolo,G 157Pereyra,AnaMaría 98 Provolo,Giorgio 106Pérez-Burillo,Sergio

142 Provolo,Giorgio 119

Perez-Espinosa,Aurelia

149,167 Pustjens,Annemieke

64

Pérez-Espinosa,A. 122

RReay,Dave 84 Riis,Anders

Leegaard105

RECOUS,Sylvie 69 Riva,Elisabetta 106,119Rees,Bob 84 Ro,Kyoung 39Remmal,Adnane 160 Rodhe,Lena 108Renaud,Mathieu 53 Rodriguez,Manuel 40RepulloRuibérrizdeTorres,MiguelA.

183 Rollè,Luca 4

Revalier,Agathe 38 Rollett,Alison 52Reville,Francesca 170 Romeo,Agathe 191

Reville,Francesca 107 Roth,Ursula 134Riaño,Berta 43 Rotz,Al 155Riau,Victor 121 Rotz,Al 95Riaz,Muhammad Roux,Jean-

Christophe192

339RicardoSousa,João

91 ROUX,Jean-Christophe

46

Richards,Karl 140,75,76,84,112 Rowlings,David 79Richards,Karl 163,175 Royer,Isabelle 184Richards,KarlG 22 Rufián-Henares,

JoséÁngel142,176

Rigotti,Gregorio 65

SSKristensen,Ib 156 Sengo,Joana 53Sáez,JA 122 Serbin,Guy 135Sáez,José 116 Shabtay,Ariel 85Sáez,JoseAntonio 123 Shahzad,Sher

Muhammad

Saez-Tovar,Jose 149 Sharpley,Andrew 88Saez-Tovar,JoseAntonio

167 Shaw,Rory 14

Sagoo,Lizzie 189,90 Silva,Beatriz 156Saint-Cast,Patricia 164 Silva,Plínio

EmanoelRodrigues37

SAINT-CAST,Patricia

46 Silvestri,Silvia 60,65

Saint-casta,Patricia 104 Skiba,Ute 84Salazar,Francisco 20 Smeets,Edward 115Salazar,Francisco 97 Snauwaert,E 157Salo,Tapio 6 Sogn,Trine 71Salomez,Joost 179 Sørensen,Morten 35Sánchez,Mercedes 43 Sørensen,Peter 111Sánchez-Rodríguez,Antonio

14 Sousa,JoséPaulo 53

SANON,Abdramane

Spann,Caroline 16

Santiago-Freijanes,JoséJavier

189 Spek,J.W. 23

Sanz-Cobena,Alberto

167 Spiegel,Adelheid 16

Saoudi,Mohamed 117 Steimbach,Leonardo

145

Sardi,GracielaMaríaIsabel

188 Svoboda,Pavel 181,185,190,61

Sasakova,Nada 92 Svoboda,Pavel 61Saunders,Karen 14 Svoboda,Pavel 185Scheer,Clemens 79 Szaboova,,Tatiana 92Schermuly,Jessica 96 Szogi,Ariel 39,118

Schwarzl,Bettina 154 Szogi,Ariel 43SEDOGOM,P

ŠŠebek,L.B.J. 23

TTakáčová,Daniela 92 Timmerman,

Maikel136

Tanimu,Joseph Todd,Richard 21Taylor,Matt 52 Torrellas,Marta 121Teira-Esmatges,MRosa

171 Trémier,Anne 137,7,9

Teixeira,Igor 41 Trémier,Anne 5THURIES,Laurent 69 Trinsoutrot-Gattin,

Isabelle174,186

Tieri,MariaPaz 187

UUrra,Julen 55

VVadas,Peter 155 Venglovsky,Jan 92VandeBurgt,Nathan

57 Vermeulen,Bert 15

Vanotti,M.B. 43 Vico,A. 122Vanotti,Matias ,40,118 Vico,Alberto 123,149,167Varion,Didier 192 Vilarrasa,Marta 171Varma,V.Sudharsan

85 Vilpas,Riikka 109

Vasconcelos,Ernesto

26,91 Viskari,Eeva-Liisa 109

Vasconcelos,Helder

152 Višniauskė,Indrė 153

VAUDOUR,Emmanuelle

Visser,Rianne 120

Veith,Tamie 95 Voglmeier,Karl 17Veloz-Mayorga,N. 151 Volpe,Susana

Mirta188

WWaldrip,Heidi 21 Whyte,Paul 112Wall,David 143,33 Williams,John 189Watson,Catherine 163 Williams,John 52Watson,CatherineJ

22 Williams,JohnR 90

Watteau,Francoise 38 Wolf,Ulrike 42Watteau,Françoise 182 Woodbury,Bryan 39Weesepoel,Yannick

64 Woodcock,Tony 144,177

Whelan,Stephen 172 Wulf,Sebastian 134,42Whelan,StephenJ. 169 Wulf,Sebastian 62

YYan,Zhengjuan 113 Yoshizawa,Shuji 13Yishay,Moran 85 Yuan,Jing

ZZechmeister-Boltenstern,Sophie

154 Zhang,Shuai 138

Zhan,Xinmin 158,12 Zhang,Tao 139Zhang,Difang Zintl,Annetta 57,112Zhang,Hongjie 89

ŽŽydelis,Renaldas 70


RAMIRAN 201717th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCESUSTAINABLE UTILISATIONS OF MANURES AND RESIDUE RESOURCES IN AGRICULTURE

4th- 6th September, 2017Clayton Whites Hotel, Wexford, Ireland

www.ramiran2017.com

Documents

RAMIRAN 2017 Wexford, Ireland 1 RAMIRAN 2017 · 2019-02-26 · RAMIRAN 2017 Wexford, Ireland PROGRAMME AT A GLANCE SUNDAY SEPTEMBER 3rd 17.00 – 19.00 Registration & Placement of