RAJASTHAN WATER RESOURCES CONSOLIDATION PROJECTSECTORAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

FINAL REPORTVOLUME I E 411

VOL. 1

Prepared for:The World Bank, Washington D.C

andProject Preparation Unit, RWRCP, Jaipur

Prepared by:UMA Engineering Ltd, Calgary, Canada

In Association withAGRA Earth & Environmental, Calgary, Canada

Project Office: Kota, Rajasthan, India

Contract # A49096

File # 9255-004-00-02

April 30, 2000

Engineering Ltd.|: rEngineers, Planners & Surveyors

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UMA Engineering Ltd.Engineers, Planners & Surveyors

2540 Kensington Road N.W., Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 3S3 1403) 270-9200 FAX 270-0399

April 30, 20009255-004-00-02

The Team LeaderProject Preparation UnitRajasthan Water Resources Consolidation ProjectIrrigation DepartmentSinchai Bhawan, J L N MargJaipur 302 017

Dear Sir,

Re: RWRCP- Sectoral Environmental Assessment Study: Final Report

UMA Engineering Ltd is pleased to submit the Final Report for the above study. The reportis in three volumes: Summary report (Volume 1); Main Report (Volume 2); and, Basin-wiseEMPs (Volume 3).

The excellent assistance provided by you and your colleagues enabied us to prepare thisreport on time.

We thank you for the opportunity to associate with your organization on this project.

Yours sincerely

Dr N A Visvanatha, P EngDirector (Environmental and Water Resources)E-mail: nvisvanatha@umagroup.com

CC: Mr S Rajagopal, World Bank, New DelhiMr Geoffery Spencer, World Bank, Washington D.C.Dr Rafik Hirzi, World Bank, Washington D.C.

Project Office:P.O. Box 112, New Grain Mandi Phone: 091-744-500781Kota- 324007 Fax: 091-744-500609

E-mail: rajad@jp1.dot.net.in

RAJASTHAN WATER RESOURCES CONSOLIDATION PROJECTSECTORAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

NON TECHNICAL SUMMARY

Background

1. The Govemment of Rajasthan (GOR) has initiated policy reforms to increase the economic, technical,environmental, and social sustainability of its irrigation sector since the early nineties. The state waterpolicy, a state water plan and an increase in water rates have been recently approved, while theResettlement and Rehabilitation policy is being approved.

2. At the request of GOR, the World Bank is considering to appraise a state-level Rajasthan WaterResources Consolidation Project (RWRCP). Prior to the appraisal of the RWRCP, several preparatoryactivities and studies related to policy reforms and issues are ongoing, one of which is the SectoralEnvironmental Assessment (SEA). As a planning tool, the SEA has focused on the environmentalissues related to policy, planning, legal and the institutional framework, for its use to achieve long-termsustainable solutions, and for supporting environmentally sound sector-wide investment strategies. Itwould in tum strengthen the capability of several GOR departments in the environmental managementof water sector projects.

Environmental Management Policy Framework

3. Water is a state subject, and so are the aspects of environmental and irrigation management ofthe scarce water resources. GOR is the only decision making actor in the sector and isresponsible for storage, exploitation and use of water. A number of state departments have theresponsibility for water development and use. The State Water Resources Council is the policymaking body while the Department of Environment is responsible for environmental monitoring.

4. The existing policy, legal and administrative framework were assessed for completeness andappropriateness. The review indicated that an environmental management policy with respect tobalanced use of water resources, including groundwater, protection of water quality andresponsibility for enforcement of environmental legislation are to be developed. These gapswere considered in the institutional aspects of an Environmental Management Plan.

Description of Project(s)

5. The State Water Plan (SWP) has been prepared in the year 1998 for water development programswithin all the river basins of the state (Map SI). The plan has identified several projects, both ongoingand proposed (including water importation projects). They will be taken up within the framework of acomprehensive program of management reforms of the State's water resources management. It willlikely be updated every five years. Performnance improvement of existing projects, such as theproposed RWRCP, is a priority within the SWP. The details of RWRCP are being finalized prior itsappraisal by the Bank.

6. The RWRCP is aimed at increasing the economic, technical, environmental, and social sustainabilityof the irrigation sector. It will involve rehabilitation of existing systems including improvements tosupply, distribution and on-farm management. The project is likely to be spread over 750,000 ha ofmajor, medium and minor irrigation projects and covering most of the river basins (Figure S-1). Inaddition to the three main components (Box S-1), it includes several of the associatedcomplementary policy actions which are currently considered: Water Resources Planning andEnvironmental Management.; Resettlement and Rehabilitation; Water Resources Research,Innova.tion and Demonstration; Cost Recovery, including O&M and financial sustainability; InstitutionalRestructuring and Strengthening; and, Management Information System.

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Page S-1

Box S-1. Key components of RWRCP

Improved irrigation management and transfer to address the fundamental issues of irrigation systemperformance which is caught in a vicious circle of low performance leading to low levels of service thatinhibit agricultural productivity and farmer wealth

. Agricultural intensification to strengthen the institutional capability of the Agnculture Department todeliver high quality irrigated agriculture extension services and to develop an effective partnership withthe irngation departments and farmers

* Groundwater management, which is one of, if not the, most important challenges facing the state'swater sector future

7. Improved irrigation management and transfer component is the largest component of RWRCP.It will restore system performance through low level investment on priority works in deferredmaintenance. These will be undertaken through a program of Participatory Rehabilitation andFarmer Tumover (PRFO) sub-component. It will be combined with the formation of Water UsersAssociations( WUA), aimed at strong direct management by farmer groups. Transfer of irigationmanagement to WUA is a fundamental feature, and is consistent with GOR emphasis on userparticipation, (and contribution) in resource management in other sectors.

8. In areas where WUAs have been functioning, the Systems and Agricultural Improvements andFarmer Tumover (SAIFT) sub-component will involve modemization to some extent of theirrigation systems in selected major and minor schemes. It will be done with increased level ofbeneficiary participation and in partnership with farmers and the departments of irrigation andagriculture.

9. The concept of Self Financing Irrigation and Drainage District (SIDD) sub-component will befocused at medium level schemes with WUAs actively encouraged to move upstream to takeover management of medium projects.

10. Most of RWRCP rehabilitation works would likely be in the Chambal, Outside basin (usingimported water), Banas and Luni basins. Based on the present development objectives, theRWRCP has been classified as Category A project for purposes of this EA. This is in line withsimilar WRCP projects being undertaken in other states in the country.

11. Several significant planned irrigation expansion projects could be undertaken during the nextdecade or so. Based on the SWP, over 2 million hectares of new irrigation projects distributed invarious nver basins, in addition to significant development in the non-agriculture sector, areprojected. Most of the projected expansions and associated investments are planned in theOutside, Chambal and Banas basins (Figure S-2). Following a better definition of scope andavailable data, the projects would come under various categories, some of which will requirespecific EA.

Environmental Baseline Conditions

12. In order to assess the impacts of project development, the consultant has reviewed the presentenvironmental situations across the sector using data gathered from several sources. The-datawere assessed for the various environmental components, physical, chemical, biological, socio-cultural and community health aspects ( Boxes S2- S6). Pertinent gaps in available data werealso identified and assessed.

SEA: Final Report - Volume 1 April 30, 2000

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Box S-2. Physical Environment

* Second largest state in the country covering about a tenth of the area with five percent of country' spopulation, but with only one percent of the country's water resources.

* And to semi-and conditons with sparse and highly vanable rainfall, droughts, uncertain farmingconditions, severe erosion of barren areas, flooding, wind erosion, and stagnabon of water.

* Soil groups vary from dune and intervene soils to brown sandy soils* Ephemeral river systems with monsoon run off only, except the perennial Chambal River system* Groundwater is the only source for most of domestic demand with uneven exploitation, varying from

safe to over exploitation* Largely rain fed agnculture* Surface irrigation in about 2.7 Million ha, groundwater irrigation in about 3.8 Million ha, with

significant waterlogging areas

Box S-3. Chemical Environment

* Surface and groundwater quality are major concerns, due to diffused sources of pollution fromagricultural operations, and point sources of pollution from industrial discharges and municipalwaste water discharge seeping into aquifers and/or into the receiving waters

* High fluoride and nitrate content in groundwater is a threat for domestic and livestockconsumption in some areas

* Irrigation induced soil salinity (and waterlogging) is a serious problem in irrigated areas

Box S-4. Biological Environment

* Most of forest areas are protected* Arid and sparse vegetation to semi-humid vegetation* Vegetative species tolerant for low water availability* Varied and fragile ecosystems ranging from desert to humid* High bio-diversity* Two designated wetlands of international significance. Diversified forest ecology and protected areas

Box S-f. Social and Cultural Environment

* Erstwhile Rajput ruled state* Predominantly a rural state, with agriculture as main stay* 30% population is tribal (concentration in south & southeast areas) and scheduled caste* 20% population is urban, distributed in major cities and towns* Overall literacy 39%, (20 % for women)* Traditional patriarchal system* Cottage industry in rural and semi-urban areas* Mining, mineral extraction and textile industries, some of which are hot spots (Map S2)* Social imbalances due to inequitable distribution of irrigation water supply, due in part to poo

channel conditions on account of deferred maintenance in the distribution system.

Box S-6. Community Health Environment

* Low level of awareness of rural sanitation and drinking water quality

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13. Description of the Environmental Issues Significantly Affected

The existing basin-wise environmental and social conditions have been identified,categorizing them into primary and secondary (and others) depending upon their severity andextent. Cumulative issues prevailing in the water sector were assessed based on cause,effect and extent (Table S-1). The key emerging issues are related to water quality, socio-cultural, water transfers and environment management. These issues are less evident thanthe more visible quantity related problems, but are critically important to social welfare andresource sustainability. Cumulative issues prevalent in the sector are considered for impactassessment. (Box S-7).

Box S-7. Cumulative Issues

* Waterlogging * Cultural environment and social issues* Soil salinity * Increased water related diseases* Soil quality deterioration * Reduced dis water quantity and quality* Groundwater depletion * Biodiversity* Aquifer pollution * Tribal issues* Water quality deterioration for drinking

Description of Main Impact Activities

14. The baseline data compiled for the impact assessment of project activties provided a valuableresource to identify potential impacts in the respective river basins. The public consultation processprovided addHional information which also assisted in confirming and/or modifying the severity ofimpacts.

15. Sector-wide cumulative impacts, both positive and negative were assessed following the developmentof an Interactive matrix consisting of over fifty inter- related environmental parameters of interest. Theimpacts due to project implementation were evaluated based on their magnitude and significance,short-term, long-term, and reversible and non-reversible nature of individual impacts. In addition toprofessional judgment, where possible, overlay maps are also tned to show position, nature and extentof natural and human attributes such as, waterlogging and saline areas, agricultural lands, settlementsof tnbal population, and cultural resources including reserve and forest areas in the individual riverbasins. The residual impacts, those remaining following the application of mitigation measures, werealso assessed where required. (Table S-2 and S-3)

16. Impacts of RWRCP: The impacts with respect to major environmental parameters (Box S-8)are mostly positive. The residual negative impact is related to the possible reduction in aquiferrecharge and its ramifications on quantity and quality of groundwater demand. Most of thepositive impacts would be reversible in case adequate measures to sustain the positive impactsare not implemented over the long term.

Box S4. Positive Impacts of RWRCP

. Reduced waterlogging

. Reduced soil salinity

. Increased supplies at tail end

. Increased irrigation intensity, cropping intensity and crop yield• Balanced use of agro-chemicals. Reduced pollution from agro-chemicals. Socio-economic uplift and improvement in the quality of life of farmers and farm workers. Improved status of women farmers and women farm workers. Improvement in socio-economic and cultural traditions of tribal communities. Increased participation of farmers in irrigation and drainage system management* Decrease in the incidence of water related diseases

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17. Impacts of Planned Projects: The impacts are mixed, mostly positive ( Box S-9). The negativeimpacts are reversible and with the implementation of suggested mitigation measures, theimpacts can be minimized with negligible residual effects.

Box S-9. Major Positive and Negative Impacts of Planned Projects

Positive Negative. Land improvement; a Rise in GW level and general. Increased soil fertility; waterlogging in Command Areas;. Multiple cropping; . Soil salinity development;. Increased water supplies for non-irrigation sector; * Possible displacement of people. Improved drainage network; due to new reservoirs;. Introduction of high value irrigated crops; * De-forestation;. Increased crop yield; * Reduced in-stream flow;. Increased cropping intensity; * Increased use of agro-chemicals &• Increased GW recharge; deterioration in surface water. Conjunctive use of surface and GW; quality;. Improved Ground Water and Surface Water quality; . Deterioration of GW quality in. Socio-economic improvement; industrial areas;. Improved quality.of life; 0 Increased water related diseases in. Improved quality of life; rrlaes. Improvement in the status and participation of women in rural areas.

farming operations; wsteloand andudtriatomunicipal. Increased participation of farmers in water resources wasteload and deterioration in

d evelopmentmanagement; surface and groundwater quality

Assessment of Altemative Investment Strategies

18. The objective was to assist the decision makers in choosing an altemative sector proposal or aninvestment option for strategic development by bringing environmental and social considerations intothe upstream stage of RWRCP and planned projects. A tiered approach is adopted with respect toaltemative development strategies. Emphasis was on proposed RWRCP and planned new projectsin the strategic development of water resources. RWRCP will provide focus on both demandside management and supply side efficiency improvement of water resource as compared withthe development of new projects, gravity, lift or water transfer schemes.

19. Three altemative strategy scenarios were considered within the irrigation sector: the "no projectscenario'; the 750,000 ha extent of RWRCP activities in the irrigation sector; and, developmentof several planned projects within a time horizon up to the year 2015. Relative merits of realisticaltematives were defined, thereby providing a basis for choosing between the options. Theinstitutional, policy and legislative aspects of reforms are considered common for the threescenarios. The use of scaling/ranking for comparison of individual impacts was adopted based onthe level of information available and professional judgment.

20. Preferred altemative: From environmental and social impacts consideration, the RWRCPappears to be the favorable investment considering the current deteriorated conditions of waterresources projects and the magnitude and nature of deferred maintenance requirements in mostof the irrigation sector. It will provide the needed shift of emphasis 'from a primary reliance onexpansion to particular focus on productivity" of irrigated agriculture which also is an emphasison performance improvement.

Public Consultations

21. Public consultation workshops were held to obtain views of various interest groups in fourlocations, Hanumangarh, Banswara, Kota, and Udaipur. Participants of the workshops included:Farmers (including farm women) at the head, middle, tail-end of irrigation distribution system,NGOs, Panchayati Raj Institutions, and tribal communities.

SEA: Final Report - Volume 1 April 30, 2000

Page S-5

22. An analysis of responses received from the workshop participants indicated that a majority ofthem agreed on preliminary findings of the SEA study. The specific feedback of the affectedpeople has been considered in the preparation of basin-wise EMPs. Highlights are summarisedin Box S-10.

Box S-10. Highlights of Issues from Public Consultation

* Impacts of fertilizer uses.* Increase in water borne diseases.* Effects of upstream developments on the quantity and quality of imported water.* Water quality for drinking supplies through rural water filtration system (Diggis).* Insect, pest and disease in agricultural crops.* Drainage in urban and rural areas.* Land tenure system on Warabandi.* Role of women in farm activities.* Impact of reduced in-stream flow downstream of dams.* Awareness needs for formation and functioning Water Users Association (WUA) and farme

turnover procedures, regulations etc.

Mitigation Plan

23. As a majority of impacts of the RWRCP are positive, mitigation measures are broadly discussedfor sustaining the several positive impacts during and beyond the project implementation. Forplanned projects, such as irrigation expansion, project -specific EA would be the vehicle for adetailed identification of measures for eliminating, reducing to acceptable levels, or mitigating theenvironmental impacts. The overall measures to sustain the positive, mitigate the negative andto handle the induced impacts are briefly identified (Boxes S-11 and S-12 ) and in Table S-2 andS-3

24. Groundwater exploitation: Judicious management of groundwater will be essential in severalriver basins: Shekhawati, Sabi, Luni and other Nallahs in which overdraft conditions exist;Ruparail, Banganga, Parbati, Banas, West Banas, Sukli and the Outside basin in which semi-critical to critical conditions exist (Box S-13).

Box S-11. Measures to Sustain Positive Impacts

RWRCP Activities Planned Projects* Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) * OFD in new irrigated areas* Integrated Pest Management (IPM) * IWAM, INM, IPM* Weed Control * Weed control* Integrated Water and Agriculture Management * Effluent treatment (industries & urban

(IWAM) wastes)* Operation and Maintenance of Irrigation and * Provision of new drainage network

Drainage (I&D) network * Operation and maintenance of I&D* On-Farm Development (OFD) in Command network

areas * Infrastructure development such as* Training and awareness creation of Participatory roads, markets & credit & input facilities

Rehabilitation and Farmer Turn over (PRFO) * Farmer participation & promotion ofactivities Water Users Association (WUA)

* Infrastructure development such as roads,markets & credit & input facilities

* All farmer membership in Water UsersAssociation (WUA)

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Box S-12. Mitigation Measures

RWRCP Activities Planned Projects. Control of over exploitation of . Provision of new drainage network

groundwater . Introduction of farmers participation and transfer ofirrigation and drainage systems management

. Operation & maintenance of l&D network. Effluent treatment (industries & urban wastes). Avoidance of locating projects near ecologically

sensitive areas. Maintaining minimum in-stream flows. Groundwater management* Rural water supply & sanitation

Box S-13. Recommendations: Follow-up Work for Groundwater Management

Undertake through competent consultants, a full scale state-wide detailed study of groundwateresource management to include:. a better definition of the present status of its use and management, for all beneficial uses;. a thorough identification and evaluation of the dark, gray and white groundwater potential

zones;. an identification of the recharge areas to assess the contamination levels for the present and

future scenarios of development of the resource base; and,. development of basin-wise integrated water resource utilization criteria for environmentall y

sound and sustainable groundwater management, considering the quantity and qualitydimensions of the resource, and both demand- side interventions and conjunctivmanagement techniques.

Institutional Strengthening Plan

25. A main output of this SEA is the institutional plan for improving the capability for environmentalmanagement and training in the sector. The recommendations of the institutional strengtheningstudy undertaken by other consultants were considered and augmented for sustainability of theinstitutional set up for environmental management, including enforcement.

26. The GOR have been actively considering several policy reforms, and an action plan forimplementation. Within the environmental management policy issues, actions proposed are: a)the development of an environmental action plan based on the SEA and the creation of anEnvironmental Unit in the State Water Planning Organization to monitor the environmentalissues related to the entire water sector, including groundwater, and b) the establishment of anenvironmental cell in the Department of Environment to provide an in-house capacity foraddressing the growing environmental management challenges.

27. Several additional actions are recommended relative to the following:regulatory instruments (Box S-14);strategy for managing and sustaining environmental management reforms including thedevelopment and adoption of an environmental management policy (Annex S-1);institutional re-organization and strengthening (Box S-15); and,ei.vironmental enforcement and compliance (Box S-16) consisting of a new model that usesmore informal ways for achieving compliance, managing and sustaining the reforms.

SEA: Final Report - Volume 1 April 30, 2000

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Box S-14. Recommendations: Policy and Regulatory Instruments

* Formulation of a State Policy for environmental protection and management.* Formulation and implementation of a state-wide policy for control of pollution from agricultural

activities. Presently, the Central and State Pollution Control Board have focus on control andabatement of industrial pollution, and not on agricultural activities.

* Development of a training Policy for Water Resources Development Department, Water UsersDepartment, and Monitoring Department.

* Development of legal and administrative measures related to water quality of inter-state waterresources namely, Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana and Gujarat .

* Development of a policy to ensure mandatory requirement for GOR departments to develop,support, monitor and implement environmental management and mitigation plans and regulainformation exchange with proposed environmental cell, and the directorate of environment.

Box S-15. Recommendations: Institutional Reorganization and Strengthening

* Formation of state-level environmental management review committee* Establishment of a state-level environmental cell within the Department of Environmental for

purposes of enforcement and addressing environmental management challenges.* Formation of directorate of environment* creations of regional Environmental Units

I ox 16. Recommendations: Environmental Enforcement and Compliance

* Pollution inventories . Environmental Management Systems* Information on enterpnse performance * Negotiated agreements* Cleaner production * Government- Industry Partnerships

Monitoring Plan

28. A monitoring program is designed to ensure that in principle, measures to sustain the positiveimpacts and mitigation measures identified in the SEA will be implemented. As most of theimpacts are interrelated, the program attempted to identify the linkages between impacts. Onbalance, the monitoring program described herein serves also as a framework for post-project monitoring requirements. To some extent, these parameters are being monitored byvarious GOR Departments, within existing resources. Recommendations are made (Box S-17) for a comprehensive monitoring program related to the impacts, both to sustain thepositive impacts and to mitigate the possible negative impacts. The monitoring program willbe within the overall framework of institutional development for environmental management.

Box 5-17. Monitoring Program

Stream flows * Irrigation and drainage water: quantity, qualityWater Quality: Surface & GroundwaterGroundwater levels * Maintenance: cleaning, de-siltingSoils: Salinity & Nutrient Status * OFD worksFertilizer, Pesticide & herbicide uses * All Farmer Membership in WUAsWater related diseases * Quantity and quality of Industrial effluents

SEA: Final Report - Volume 1 April 30, 2000

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Costs

29. Broad cost estimates are presented for both the initial investment and recurring expenses forimplefeenting measures with respect to institutional strengthening (including training),sustaigbility of positive impacts, mitigation and monitoring for the environmental and socialimpacd (Box S-1 8). The estimates will assist in developing overall budget for the project costs.

30. The costs related to OFD and O&M works in the command areas could be budgeted under thecosts of respective components of the projects. However, it should be noted that thesustainability of positive impacts related to the project depends on regular undertaking of O&Mand OFD works in the command areas.

Bx S-18. Costs of Environmental Management Plan Implementation (Rs. Million)

Item RWRCP Planned ProjectsOne time Annual One time Annual

1 Institutional StrengtheningPersonnel 0.50 12.07Training etc. 13.60Water Quality Monitoring 45.60 0.85 6.14Health 1.00 4.00

2 Sustainability of Positive Impacts*& M, Irrigation & Drainage network 150.00 542.50OFD 2250.00 13800.00

3 Mitigation MeasuresGW Management 6.00 6.00O& M, Irrigation & Drainage network 542.50

i 4 Total 2296.10 183.52 13800.00 1101.14

31. Follow-up Work: The EMP elements contained in the report would need to be updated asadditional database becomes available during and subsequent to the projects implementation(Box S-13 and Box S-19).

Box S-19. Recommendations: Additional Studies

* Data update: SWP to be update every five years; centralized database creation and maintenance;creation of river basin- wise drainage zones for Integrated Resource Management.

* Additional studies: Assessment of other water related sub-sectors; analysis of pollution from point anddiffused sources, including hotspots; social and economic costs.

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Page S-9

0.30 ____

F S.151: Proposed RWRCP - -- -SI -mnt

0o05 _ _.j0.00 -AM- IL

e ,,, E n0 n E E e -

0 0

r t CCA Under P+ & t

Figure SI: Proposed RWRCP - PRFO and SAIFT Compornents

Source: Project Preparafion Unit

1.50 35 Report --Volume 100

1.40.j~ 1 ____ 1 Apri 30.2000

1.20 fI2500250000

4 I I I I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~000IC.) 0.80 - _*_ __ 0

0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-0.60~_

0.40- _-ooioitUmf

0.20 [5000C .0 U C UC

CC 0 e0~~~~~~~~~~~~ 5

Additional CCA (M.ha) --4- EstmtdCs

Figure S2: Projected CCA and Associated Investments(Year:1995-2045)

Source: Water Resources Plan, Tahal, 1998.

SEA: Final Report - Volume 1Page S-10 April 30, 2000

Table S-1: Sectoral Environme.dtal Conditlons: Cause. Effect and Extent of Issues

Sub-Sector C aus e Effect Sectoreo-wide Issues___________________________________ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Primary Issues Secondary Issues

Irdgation * Canal seepage, over irrgalion and inadequate Waterlogging salinizalion & reduction in crop Chambal Basin: Watertogging; soil salinity; aquifer pollution; Chambal Basin: Soil quality deterioration; water qualitydrainage network. yield increased waler related diseases; cultural environment and deterioration for drinking; dam construction and downstreani

social issues impacts: reduced d/s waler quantity and quality. bio-diversity;tribal issues

Deferred maintenance oa irrigation, and Aquatic weed growth. reduced channel Outside Basin: Waterlogging: increased water related outside Basin: Soil salinily; soil quality deterioration; walerdrainage system capacity & Irrigation area, Inequitable water diseases quality deterioration for drinking: cultural environment and social

distribution, water stagnation, siltation, rise in Issues.watertable

* Groundwater over exploitation Withdrawals beyond safe limits Increase in Mahl Basin: Waterlogging; Increased water related diseases; Mahl Basin: Water quality deterioration for drinking; reducedsocial costs. health risk, water quality tribal issues; cultural environment and social issues. dis water quantity and qualitydegradation.

* Dam and reservoir construction . Displacement of residents, possible loss of Banas Basin: Increased waler related diseases; soil salinity Banas Basin: Reduced d/s waler quantity and quality; aquiferproductive land/forest. reduced down stream pollution; soil quality deterioration; cultural envrionment andwaler supplies social Issues; water quality deterioration for drinking & Irrigation

* Dam and reservoir construction Displacement of residents, possible loss of Basin Group S (Shekhawatl A Sabli: Groundwater depletion; Basin Group S (Shekhawati A Sabl): Waterlogging. Increasedproductive land/forest, reduced down stream solt salinity; water quality deterioration for drinking water related diseases, cultural environment and social issues.water supplies

* Over use of fertilizers and pesticides Nitrate pollution health risk, algal growth in Basin Group 6 (Ruparall. Banganga, Ghambhlr b Parbatl): Basin Group S (Ruparall. Banganga, Ghambhlr & Parbati):water bodies; toxicity in crop yield and Soi salinity; water quality deterioration for drinking & irrigation; Pesticide & fertilizer use; bio-diversityr cultural environment andvegetables groundwater depletion in Ruparail and Bangang; aquifer soclal issues

pollution In Ruparail

Luni Basin: Soil salinity: groundwater depletion; aquifer Lunl Basin: Cultural environment and sodal Issuespollution; waler quality deterioration for drinking & irrigation

Sabarmati Basin: No primary Issues. Sabarmat Basin: Cultural environment and soclal Issues;water quality deterioration for drinking; aquifer pollution;Increased water related diseases; waterogging

Basin Group 9 (West Banas, Sukil, Other Nallahs): Basin Group 9 (West Banas, Sukil, Other Nallahs): SoilGroundwater depletion; water quality deterioration for drinking; salinity; tribal issuesincreased water related diseases; cultural environment andsocial issues

industrial Effluent disposal in streams I In stream water quality degradation, toxicity, Unsuitable groundwater in hot spot Industrial areas such ashealth risk: more pronounced In ephemeral Balotra, Jodhpur. Udaipur and Pallstreams

* Efluent spread on land area Pollutants leaching through soil toGroundwater_________________________

Municipal Sewage disposal to streams Increase in pollutant loading & reduction In Point source pollution and health risks due to lack of sewagechannel assimilative capacity treatment fadlities for citis and major towns in the state.

* Land applicalton of treated sewage Poilutants mix Into groundwater, reduction Inwater quality

Ecological . Proecds near to: forests protecded areas, Disturbance to wIld life and natural vegetation]_______ __ heriltage sites. and auatic ecoloical sites. damage to heritage sites

SEA: Final Reporl- Volume I April 30. 2000Page S-1 1

Sheet I of 3

Tablo S-2: Sectoral EMP: Impact Assessment Matrix for RWRCP

RWRCP Components: Improved irrigation managemenl and transfer; Agricultural intensification; Sustainable ground water resource management.RWRCP Activities: Rehabilaton and modemization of I&D systems in 755,800 ha: Lining of canals and water courses (as needed): rehabititatlion of structures; servIce roads; flow measurement: removal of unauthortsed outlets;remodeling of outels; formation of WUA and Water Distribubon Committee; Srengthening agriculture extension; and, farmer tralning through PRFO and SAIFT.S.No. Environmental Potential Environmental Rating of Impacts for Signiflcance Measures to sustain MItlgation Measures Residual mpacts

Parameter tmpact of Project (scope! magnitude/ direction/ neutral or positive Impacts for negative impactsI I ~ ~~~~~~~~~~duration/ reversibillty)

I Physical1 Demography No Impact Nil Negligible on a sector-wide

_____________________ __ ___________________________________________ basis2 TopographV Land Improvement e/eionaUiow/positiveflong-termfirreversible3 Soils: water logging Reduced waleriogaing Local I low/positivel long-term! reversible O&M of i&D network4 Soils: qualit increased fertility IWAM5 Geology No Impact Nil6 Land forms7 Land use: head end8 Land use: middle Some Improvement LocalAow/posiltive/long-term/reversible IWAM, OSM of ISD network9 Land use: tail end Change from sinle to mult-cropin _

10 On-farm development Improved land levelling ocalflow/posittvelAong-termilrreversible OFD11 Water distribution System Increased suppty to lall end; increased Local/ low! positivel long-terml reversible IWAM, O&M of ilD network

Irrigation eMficiency12 Drainae system Improved drainage LocaUlmedium/positive/long-tem! reversibte13 Irriation Inensib Increase Local low! positive/ long-termr reversible14 IrWalon Growth15 Cropin Inlensity ocaU low! positvel long-term/ Irreversible16 Cropping pattem Introduction of hiQh value crops Locatlo wl posilive/ lona-term! reversibl17 Climate No Impact Nil18 Reservoirs19 Surface waler quantity Some Increase Local/iow/positiveflong-termlreversible

downstream20 Drain water quantiy Reduced quantity Local/low/positive/long termtreversible O&M of ID network_21 GW aquifer Recharge Reduced recharge Localflowl nagatlong term/reversible Control of over exploitation of

GW; GW deplh monitoring"*

22 GW depetion No Impact Nil23 GW table rise Lower water table Local low/ positive/ long-term! reversible Control of over exploitation of GW, GW depth

monHtorng"24 Coniunctive use Increase25 Erosion Cleaning of canals, water courses & Regional/medium/positive/tong-termI reversible O&M of ID network

drains26 Sedimentation

2 Chemical27 Surface water quality Reduced polutlon from agro-chemicals Local low! positive/ long-terml reversible INM; [PM; weed control; treatment of

downstream Industrial and municipal eMuents; Wq28 Drain water quality Improvement due to INMI IPM LocaiimedlumipositiveIshort-btemireverslble mrionHorig"

29 Reservoir Water Otulity No Impact Nil30 GW drinkng qualit31 a_32 Soil sainint Reduction i sil salinitv LocaU low positive! long-tem)l reversible Provision of drainage _

See Note at Sheet 3

SEA: Final Report - Volume 1 April 30, 2000PageS-12

Sheet 2 of 3

Table S-2: Sectoral EMP: Impact Assessment Matrix for RWRCP

RWRCP Components: Improved Irrigaton management and transfer. Agricultural Intensification; Suslainable ground water resource management.RWRCP Activities: RehadJAiiiY& and modemrizaion of ID systems In 755.800 ha: Lining of canals and water courses (as needed); rehabiliation of structures; service roads; low measurement; removal of unauthortsed oueits;remod ling of outleis; formation' f WIA and Water Distribution Commitee Strengthening agrlculture extension; and, (armer iraining through PRFO and SAIFT.S8No. Environmental Potential Environmental Rating of Impacts for Significance Measures to sustain Mkigation Measures Residual inpacts

Parameter Impact of Project (scope! magnitude/ direction/ neutraI or positive Impacts for negative impacts_ ___________________ _______________________________ duration!lreveraibiiityl _________dur_t_nt__ve_s_b_ _t

33 Point sotutce polution No Impact Nil34 Diffuse source woutilon35 FeRltizer use Baianced use LocaVlow/ neutraViiong-tem/revers5ble INM36 Pesticide use IPM37 Weed kiNer use lWeed control & training

3 Blobtical _ P38 Conservation areas No Impact Nil39 Wildlife40 Forests4 1 Endangered flora42 Lakeshvater bodies 43 Biodiversib I

4 Socio-Cuiura 44 Crop yield Increase LoeaU low/ positve/ long-terrm reversibe IWAF45 Food for Work program No Impact Ni46 Land tenure47 Settlement patnem48 Quallty of Iite Improvement In soclo-economy. LocaV medium/ positive/ long-temV irreversible Infrastructjre development such as roads,

Increase In literaecy rate, Increase In per markets and credit & Input facIliWescapita Income

49 Gender equity Improved status of womenincrease In Local/ high/ positivel iong-terml irreversibleIlteracy,more participaton in farmingand decision

50 People participation increased parncipaton through WLIAs LocaV highlpostvoel long-termr reversible Farmer training; 100% membership In WUA51 Tourism No Impact Nil52 Historical sites

53 NGO Increased Involvement Locai/low/posiliveflong temlirreverstble NGO training54 Indigenous people Improvement In soco-economic status

of tribals in Mahl & West Banas

5 Community HealthSS Diseases: urban NohImpact 56 Diseases: rural Decrease In the Incidence of malaria Loal low/ positive/ long-term! reversible Water supply & sanitatin

and other water related diseases

57 Diseases: live stocb No hpact Nil* Institutional _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

58 Policy and regulatory Effective enactments of Acts Regional highNposivellong-termArrevershbl Poflution penallesInstruments

59 institutional strengthenhg Timely enforcemen of Laws and ReglonaiUhighposhivelong-temreversible InstFiutonal re-organisationRegulaions

60 Environment Management Change In behaviour towards wise use Regionas!high!posdivel longb-ermfirreversible Training and awareness campaignTraining of water resources. Increased capacty

of existing Insitutes for environmentI_ management __I__

See Note at Sheet 3

SEA: Final Report - Volume I Apri 30 2000PageS- 1 3

Sheet 3 of 3

Table S-2: Sectoral EMP: Impact Assessment Matrix for RWRCP

RWRCP Components: Improved irrigation management and transfer; Agricultural Intensification; Sustainable ground water resource management.RWRCP Activities: Rehabilitation and modemizalion of I&D systems in 755.800 ha: Lining of canals and water courses (as needed); rehabilitation of structures; service roads; ftow measurement: removal of unaulhorised outlets;

remodeling of outlets: lormation of WUA and Waler Distributon Committee; Strengthening agriculture extension; and, farmer training through PRFO and SAIFT.

S.No. Environmental Potential Environmental Rating of Impacts for Signifticance Measures to sustain Mitigation Measures Residual ImpactsParamdter Impat of Project (scope/ magnrtudev dirsetloni neutral or Positive Impacts for negative kmpacts

Parameter I impact ofIProject (scope! mduratgont rdvereIbliotya7 Legal Environment

61 Legislative gaps Ensure compliance of laws and Reglonal/ high/ positive! long-term/iffeversible Strict compliancetsandards

62 On-going polcy reforms Eficient Implementation of RWRCP Regional/ high/ positive iong-term/irreversble Approval ot GOR for new acts and policies

Note: 1) Scope: Local: Is within 1 km ol the proposed evelopment activity, basin-wide Is within the basin Itself, regional Is within Rajasthan2) Magnitude: High means >75%. medium is between 50-75%. low Is 25-50% and negligible Is less than 25%3) Direction: Net posiive, negative or neutral Impact4) Duration: long-term Is >10 years, medium -term Is 2-1t years, short - term Is >2 years5) ReversibIiity: Reversible or Irreversible (posHive or negative) Impact to the resource/poputalton (within a projected time - frame of 15 years).

6) Parameters requiring monitoring (-)

SEA. Final Report -Volume1 PageS-14 April30, 2000

Sheet 1 of 3

Table S-3: Sectoral EMP: Impact Assessment Matrix for Planned Projects

Planned Projects (Upto 2015): Irrigation expansion in 1.639 Mha (ongoing projects); new irrigation projects in additional 1.13 Mha;water development for non-agriculture projects 5000 Mm" (Industry, domestic, livestock, thermal power)

SNo. Environmental Potential Impacts Rating of Impacts Measures to sustein Mitigtion measures Residual Impactsparameter agscope magnitudef directlont duration/ neutral or positive Impacts for negative Impacts or benefits

1 P reverslbillty)I Physical__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

I Demography Population increase due to improved quality Regional /high /positive /long term /Irreversible Increased agriculture output,___________________of life increased waler supply

2 Topography Land improvement in iffigated area Local /low /positive /long term /irreversible environmentaity beneficial.3 Soils: Waterlogging Rise In GW level, and general waterdogging RegionaU mediumv nsatlvoe/ long-terrn/ IWAM. OFD and subject to mitigation measures

in CCA reversible Agrcultural drainage being implemented

4 SoIls: quality improve Regionatmedium/positivej long-terrm/reversible IWAM5 Geologv No Impact Nit6 Land forms7 Land use: heal end Rainfed agriculture to irrigated agrculture: Regiona/medlum/positiveAlong-tefm/reversible IWAM & O&M of I&D network

8 Land use: middle Change In cropping pattem;9 Land use: tail end10 On-farm development Increase Local/medium/positive/long-ternm/ ireversible Applicable OFD model11 Waler distribution system Increase In agriculture and non-agricultural Regional / high /positive/ long-tem/ Irreversible OFD. IWAM. O&M of l&D

demands. network. WUA, Water Pricing

12 Drainage system Some improvement. Regionat/mediumrpositivellong-term/irreversible New drainage network13 Irrigation Intensity Increase RegionaV/medlumrposltlve/long temm /reversible IWAM. O&M of 1&D network.

14 Irrigation Growth irrigation expansion ReghonaV high/ positivel long-lemrVlnfeversible OFD, IWAM. O&M of IDn etwork, WUA

15 Cropping Intensity Increased mutiple cropping Reglonal/medium/positliveitong-termA/leversible IWAM16 CroppInq Pattem Inltroduction of high value crops Regional/medlumrpositlvelong temi/reversible IWAM17 Climate Improvement possible Regionag low/ positive/ bong-temr Irreversible18 Reservoirs New reservoirs b jilt Loca/negligiblelnsgatmahong-termI irreversible

19 Surface water quantity Reduced in-stream flow Loca/ low/ nsgalbr short-temi/ reversible Maintain In-stream fowrequirements

20 Drain water quantity Increased drain now ReglonaYmedium/oega/htong-termIreversible

21 GW aquifer recharce Increased recharge Regonal/medium/positive /Aong-ternn reversible OSM of l&D network. IWAM22 GW depletlon Negligible IWAM23 GW table Rise in water table Regional/mediumroegaths/long-tefm/reversible ObM of ID network, OFD.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~~~~IW AM

24 Conjunctive use Increase LocaY low/ positive/ long-tem/ reversible Monitoring of GW explitation Iand enforcement"

25 Erosion No significant26 Sedimentation

See Note at Sheet 3

SEA: Final Report -Volume 1 April 30. 2000Page S-15

Sheet 2 of 3

Table S-3: Sectoral EMP: Impact Assessment Matrix for Planned Projects

Planned Projects (Upto 2015): Irrigation expansion in 1 639 Mha (ongoing projects), new Irrigation projects In additional 1 13 Mha,waler development for non-agriculture projects 5000 Mm3 (Industry, domestic, livestock, thermal power)

S.No. EnvIronmental Potential Impacts Rating of Impacts Measures to sustain Mitigeton meassure Residual Impactsparameter (scope/ magnitudel directfon/ duratlon/ neutral or positive Impacts for negative Impacts or benefits

-I I reversibiltyv_2 Chemical

27 Surface water quality Deteriorated In-stream and draln water RegionaV rmediumf negatie/ reversible Maintain acceptable waterdownstream quality, Increased Industral and domestic quality. INM. IPM. effluent

effluent: and increased pestcide use treatment and monitoring,

and enforcement **28 Drain water quality Deterioration due to Increased agro- Regional/medlumnoegstave/reversible INM, IPM, Monitoring**

chemicals use29 Reservoir water quality Negligible Nit30 GW drinking quallty Improved GW quality, delerioration in Regionai/ medlunV positive & negative/ long-terrr Effluent treatmnent and

Industrial areas reversible enforcement In indusidal_________________________________________areas

31 GW irrigalion quality Improved GW quality Reglonal/medlum/positive/long-termfirreversible32 Soil salinity Increased soil salinity In CCA Regonall rmedlunV negafi long-term/ reversible OFD, IWAM, OWM of I&D

systoms, provision of

33 Point source pollution Some Increase Locallobw/negaraflong termVreversble Trealment of industdial________ _______ _______ _______ ______ _______ _______ _______ _______eMfuent and enforcem ent

34 Diffuse source pollutbn Untreated sewage effluent disposal In LocaUmedlumlntaoatftong-tefnrreversible Sewage effluentrivers, canals and drainage system, treatment. Monitoring ofdeteroration of surface WO; and aquifer eMuent ** andpollutin enforcement

35 Fertilizer use Increased fertilizer use Reglonatlmedium/ neutrai long-temV reversible INM36 Pestldde use Increased pesticde use and fungicIdes PM37 Weed kiler use increase Weed control training3 Hlological,

38 Conservation areas Minimal impact Local/ low/ neutral/ long-temv Irreversible Avoidance of locating projects Environmentally beneficial fornear ecological sensitive areas blodiversity and wild life

development39 Wildlife40 Forests41 Endanqered fora42 Lakes/water bodies43 Blodiversity _I I4 soclo-cultural44 rop yield Increase In yield ReglonaV high/ positive/ long-ternv reversible IWAM Socl-cultural benefits and

Improvement In quality of life45 Food for work program No Impact _46 Land tenure (land holding) Changes from dryland to Irrigated RegonaUV lowl neutral/ long-termnrreverslble

agriculture

47 Settlement pattern Migration from other areas, inrease in ReghonatU medlumv posltive/ Irreversible,o u a l n d nsity__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

48 Quality of ife Improvement In sock -economy Increase In ReghonaV higlV positive/ long-terrml Irreversible Infrastructure developmentliteracy rate, Increase In per capita income such as roads, markets, credit

-______ _______ _______ & In l facilitels _

Soe Note at Sheet 3

SEA Final Report - Volume 1 Page S 6 April 30.2000

Sheet 3 of 3

Table S-3: Sectoral EMP: Impact Assessment Matrix for Planned Projects

Planned Projects (Upto 2015): Irrigation expansion in 1.639 Mha (ongoing projects); new irrigation projects in additional 1.13 Mha;

water development for non-agriculture projects 5000 Mm' (Industry, domestic, livestock, thermal power)

SNo. Environmental Potentlal Impacts Rating of Impacts Measures to sustain Mitigation measures Residual Impacts

parameter (scope/ magnitudel directIonr duration/ neutral or positive Impacts for negative Impacts or benefits

reversibility)

49 Gender equity Improvement in the status of women, Regional/ high/ posilive/ long-tern,) irreversible _

increase in literacy, moro participation infarming and decision making

50 People participation In all stages of project development Regional/ hi_h) positive/ long.termnreversible51 Toourism ncreaso t.ocalilow/positivofonq tcrm/irrovorslblo

52 Historical sites Not known at Ihis stage Require project specific______________________________________ rr~~ ~~valuat ion

53 NGO Increased involvement Regional/ mediumt neutral/ long-term) reversible

54 Indibenous people Minimal impact Local/ low/ neutraV lona-tem/irreversible ___-

5 Communitv Health55 Diseases: urban Reduced water related diseases due to Local) low/ Positive/ long-terml reversible

better water supply56 Diseases: rural Increased water bom diseases in project Low/medium) negatiaiGlong term/reversible Ensure rural water supply

areas. and sanitation; monitoring

of water quality; **

57 Diseases: livestock Reduced diseases due to better Local/ low/ positive/ long-ter)n irreversiblen _ ourishment

6 Institutional CaPacity _58 Institutional strengthening Formation of Environmental Management Regional high/ posilive/ long-term/irreversible Enforcement of laws & policies

Review Committee for environmental

59 Policy and regulatory Formulation of state policy for Regional/ high/ positive/ long-term/irreversible protection enhancement and

Instruments environmental protection & management ___ manaqement

60 Environment Management Capacity building Regional) high/ positive/ long-term/irreversible

Trainin g _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

61 Enforcement Formation of Environmental Cell Regionalf high/ positive/ long-termIrreversible7 Lepal Environment

62 Legislative needs Enactment of laws and standards for Regional) high/ positive/ long-term/irreversible Strict complianceenvironmen6al Emanagement

63 Existing policies Initiate and complete ongoing policy Regional high/ positive/ long-termvirreversible Approval of GOR for new acts

reforms to Increase economic, technical. and policies

environmental and social sustainability ofwater sector I

Note: 1) Scope: Local: Is within I km of the proposed development activity, basin-wide Is within the basin itself, regional is within Rajasthan

2) Magnitude: High means >75%. medium Is between 50-75%, low is 25-50% and negligible is less than 25%3) Direclion: Net positIve, negative or neutral impact4) Duration: long-term is >10 years. medium -term Is 2-10 years, short - term is <2 years51 Reversibility: Reversible or Irreversible (positive or negative) Impact to Ihe resource/population (within a projected time - frame of 15 years).

* 6) Planned projects would not be implemented within 25km of ecologically and otherwise sensitive areas (Source: Goelt 1992)

** 7? Parameters requirng rrmonltrn

SEA: Final Report- Volume I Page 1 April 30. 2000

River Basins

_ 2 _ i O.mbhk_4 X _rab*r ,

I _ m 0Ulr()I I d Ch nb

WOO son

A .011w khe of JUoior DM JA,

r -- t- tYANA / ~~INDIAPAKISTAN cum

( > i - 1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~TAR PRADESH

MADHYA PRADESH

GUJARAT

INPA Map 81 m Rajasthan River Basins

SEA: Final Report -Volume I Page S- 18 April 30, 2000

LEGEND LEGEND River Basins10 Shskhawafl

Eisting Sewage Treatment Plant Dhtleat Hd Ouet (2) Ruporall

ProoSed S Trem nt Pcnt State Boundary = S anS>ganK Ditrict Boundary - 4 Oarnbhlr

Maor Indusial hoe "at Basin Boundery Prb Il

Potential Industrial hot spot (6 Sabi

Protected Aras Chembl

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~a Cbodqmba =thlClosed Areas (S MohM

10d Sobormoti

Ldsw _ _ ; Lunt

RWRCP Projects: Major Medium West Banco

13 SukIl

4 Other Wotbhs of JWlor DIstt

Pkwd Projects Mraor Medium P U N J A B15 Th deBosi

Fart Aeas A *

Water tMenb dioh nmenta on ti < 2on1SEA: _i Rep(-Vo me 1 P e A l 30 2 0 b

/ ta \-s NO~~~~~~~~~~~14T TO SCAL

S 5 < - f < H ^ R~~~~~~ A Y A N A

C~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. 4

. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~P

~~~~~~~~Map 82 .Environmental Conditiors

SEA: Final Report-Volume 1 Page S-19 April 30, 2000

Annexure S-1DRAFT

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY WITH REGARDS TO WATER MANAGEMENT

Responsibility

A number of state departments have responsibility for water development and use as outlinedelsewhere in the Sectoral Environmental Assessment Report. The State Water Resources Councilis the policy making body with respect to water. The Department of Environment is responsible forenvironmental monitoring. It is not clear as to which department is responsible for enforcement ofenvironmental legislation.

Ultimately every citizen of a state bears some responsibility to protect and preserve the quality ofprecious surface and groundwater resources for the benefit of present and future generations. Inorder to create an awareness of this responsibility among the public the Govemment of Rajasthanshould develop an environmental policy with respect to protection of water quality. Following aresome suggestions as to the type of policy statements regarding environmental protection of waterresources that could be developed to assist the govemment in it's role as custodian and manager ofwater resources.

Suggested Environmental Policies With Respect to Water

1. Every citizen shares some responsibility to preserve, protect and maintain the quality of preciouswater resources for the benefit of present and future generations.

2. Environmental education programs that emphasize the importance of clean water will bedeveloped and used in the standard education curriculum.

3. Environmental awareness will be created through public advertising, mass awareness campaignsand special events such as environmental protection week.

4. Monitoring of water quality shall be carried out on point source effluent discharges by industry ormunicipalities and also on representative non-point source cumulative discharges fromagricultural drainage and urban runoff

5. Groundwater quality will be monitored and legislation drafted for the protection of and right to useof groundwater.

6. There will be an environmental approval process including the requirement for environmentalimpact assessments of all new projects which may have a detrimental impact on downstreamwater quality or quantity.

7. Where rehabilitation of existing water distribution systems are carried out within the framework ofthe State Water Resources Consolidation Program a sectoral environmental assessment willmeet the environmental assessment requirements.

8. Interstate agreements with respect to water sharing will be adhered to and discussions will becarnied out between states to initiate water quality monitoring and to develop a framework forincluding water quality in the terms of interstate agreements.

9. The development of new environmental protection policies and legislation will involve an openpublic consultation process.

10. There will be a clarification of roles between the Central and State govemments with respect toenvironmental protection of water resources.

11. There will be a govemment department or agency with responsibility for enforcement proceduresand penalties for non-compliance of environmental regulations.

12. There will be a state water allocation policy that takes into account priority of various water usesand in-stream flow needs to protect the rights of all water users.

13. Water planning and management will be carried out on a river basin basis and inter basintransfers will only be considered after all other options have been exhausted.

14. Water conservation and efficiency of water use will be promoted.15. Rehabilitation of existing water supply systems will have precedence over the development of

new water management projects.

There are obviously other issues that can be addressed in a broad ranging state water policy. Theabove only represent a sampling of the kind of policy statements that can be developed to addressenvironmental protection issues related to water management.SEA: Final Report - Volume 1 April 30, 2000

Page S-20