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Raising and Educating Good and Wise People Darcia Narvaez Moral Psychology Lab University of Notre Dame

Raising and Educating Good and Wise Peoplednarvaez/documents/NarvaezRaising... · 2015. 10. 13. · EVOLVED DEVELOPMENTAL NICHE (EDN) •TOUCH: Held or kept near others constantly

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Page 1: Raising and Educating Good and Wise Peoplednarvaez/documents/NarvaezRaising... · 2015. 10. 13. · EVOLVED DEVELOPMENTAL NICHE (EDN) •TOUCH: Held or kept near others constantly

Raising and Educating

Good and Wise People

Darcia Narvaez

Moral Psychology Lab

University of Notre Dame

Page 2: Raising and Educating Good and Wise Peoplednarvaez/documents/NarvaezRaising... · 2015. 10. 13. · EVOLVED DEVELOPMENTAL NICHE (EDN) •TOUCH: Held or kept near others constantly
Page 3: Raising and Educating Good and Wise Peoplednarvaez/documents/NarvaezRaising... · 2015. 10. 13. · EVOLVED DEVELOPMENTAL NICHE (EDN) •TOUCH: Held or kept near others constantly

Good News

We now know what babies and

children need for positive

development

Page 4: Raising and Educating Good and Wise Peoplednarvaez/documents/NarvaezRaising... · 2015. 10. 13. · EVOLVED DEVELOPMENTAL NICHE (EDN) •TOUCH: Held or kept near others constantly

EVOLVED DEVELOPMENTAL NICHE (EDN)

• TOUCH: Held or kept near others constantly

• RESPONSIVITY: Prompt responses to fusses and cries

• BREASTFEEDING: Nursed frequently (2-3 times/hr initially) for 2-5 years

• ALLOMOTHERS Frequently cared for by individuals other

than mothers (fathers and grandmothers, in particular)

• PLAY: Enjoy free play in natural world with multiage playmates

• SOCIAL SUPPORT: High social embeddedness

• NATURAL CHILDBIRTH

Narvaez, 2013, 2014; Narvaez, Gleason et al., 2013; Narvaez, Wang et al., 2013

Epigenetics for anxiety (Meaney)

Intelligence, health

HPA axis (McEwan), Vagal tone (Porges)

Greater openness, greater maternal responsivity

(Hrdy)

More self control, social skills (e.g.,

Panksepp)

Greater health and wellbeing

Sociality, intelligence, immunity

Page 5: Raising and Educating Good and Wise Peoplednarvaez/documents/NarvaezRaising... · 2015. 10. 13. · EVOLVED DEVELOPMENTAL NICHE (EDN) •TOUCH: Held or kept near others constantly
Page 6: Raising and Educating Good and Wise Peoplednarvaez/documents/NarvaezRaising... · 2015. 10. 13. · EVOLVED DEVELOPMENTAL NICHE (EDN) •TOUCH: Held or kept near others constantly

Bad News

Babies and children

are not getting what

they need to

develop positively

Page 7: Raising and Educating Good and Wise Peoplednarvaez/documents/NarvaezRaising... · 2015. 10. 13. · EVOLVED DEVELOPMENTAL NICHE (EDN) •TOUCH: Held or kept near others constantly

EVOLVED DEVELOPMENTAL NICHE

(EDN)

• TOUCH: Held or kept near others constantly

• RESPONSIVITY: Prompt responses to fusses and cries

• BREASTFEEDING: Nursed frequently (2-3 times/hr initially) for 2-5 years

• ALLOMOTHERS: Frequently cared for by individuals

other than mothers (fathers and grandmothers, in

particular)

• PLAY: Enjoy free play in natural world with multiage playmates

• SOCIAL SUPPORT: High social embeddedness

• NATURAL CHILDBIRTH

Page 8: Raising and Educating Good and Wise Peoplednarvaez/documents/NarvaezRaising... · 2015. 10. 13. · EVOLVED DEVELOPMENTAL NICHE (EDN) •TOUCH: Held or kept near others constantly

Stress changes gene expression

which alters synapses

Kang HJ, Voleti B, Hajszan T, Rajkowska G, Stockmeier

CA, Licznerski P, Lepack A, Majik MS, Jeong LS, Banasr

M, Son H, Duman RS (August 2012). Decreased

expression of synapse-related genes and loss of synapses

in major depressive disorder. Nature Medicine 18.

Page 9: Raising and Educating Good and Wise Peoplednarvaez/documents/NarvaezRaising... · 2015. 10. 13. · EVOLVED DEVELOPMENTAL NICHE (EDN) •TOUCH: Held or kept near others constantly

Right Hemisphere and Prefrontal Cortex

Underdevelopment

• Self-regulation

• Intersubjectivity and social pleasure

• Emotional intelligence

• Empathy

• Beingness

• Self transcendence

• Higher consciousness

• Receptive intelligence

(Allan Schore; Narvaez)

Page 10: Raising and Educating Good and Wise Peoplednarvaez/documents/NarvaezRaising... · 2015. 10. 13. · EVOLVED DEVELOPMENTAL NICHE (EDN) •TOUCH: Held or kept near others constantly

Brain system development with good care

Protoreptilian

• Survival systems:

anger, fear, panic

(fight, flight, freeze,

faint)

Mammalian

• Social: care, play

Human

• Executive controls and

neocortex interact

with survival and

prosocial systems

10

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Brain system function with early undercare

Protoreptilian

• Survival systems: anger,

fear, panic (fight, flight,

freeze, faint)

Mammalian

• Social: care, play

Executive

controls Learning

affected

11

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12

Narvaez, 2014

Page 13: Raising and Educating Good and Wise Peoplednarvaez/documents/NarvaezRaising... · 2015. 10. 13. · EVOLVED DEVELOPMENTAL NICHE (EDN) •TOUCH: Held or kept near others constantly

Ethical Development in Our Studies

Self-Protectionist ethics,

anxiety, depression

increased in children and

adults WITHOUT EDN

Social Engagement ethics, social

capacities increased in children and adults

WITH EDN

Imagination

Greater

reflective

capacities in

adults with EDN

13

Learn Self-Calming

Page 14: Raising and Educating Good and Wise Peoplednarvaez/documents/NarvaezRaising... · 2015. 10. 13. · EVOLVED DEVELOPMENTAL NICHE (EDN) •TOUCH: Held or kept near others constantly

The Sustaining Classroom Provides

• Self-Calming o Deep breathing

o Mindfulness

o Meditation

• Social Pleasure o Free play with peers

o Social dance, song art

• Communal Imagination o Group attachment

o Us and Us

o Ecological attachment

Page 15: Raising and Educating Good and Wise Peoplednarvaez/documents/NarvaezRaising... · 2015. 10. 13. · EVOLVED DEVELOPMENTAL NICHE (EDN) •TOUCH: Held or kept near others constantly

More is needed for ethical character

Page 16: Raising and Educating Good and Wise Peoplednarvaez/documents/NarvaezRaising... · 2015. 10. 13. · EVOLVED DEVELOPMENTAL NICHE (EDN) •TOUCH: Held or kept near others constantly

Ethical Character Development through

RAVES Relationships (classroom & wider community)

Apprenticeship (modeling, guidance)

Virtuous models

Ethical skills (sensitivity, judgment, focus, action)

Self authorship

RAVES

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Relationships

RAVES

Page 18: Raising and Educating Good and Wise Peoplednarvaez/documents/NarvaezRaising... · 2015. 10. 13. · EVOLVED DEVELOPMENTAL NICHE (EDN) •TOUCH: Held or kept near others constantly

Apprenticeship

• Modeling

• Guidance

• Focused, extensive

practice

RAVES

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Virtuous models • Generosity

• Respect

• Kindness

• Compassion

• Forgiveness

• Humility

• Multiple examples

• Opportunities to imitate

• Practice, practice, practice

RAVES

Page 20: Raising and Educating Good and Wise Peoplednarvaez/documents/NarvaezRaising... · 2015. 10. 13. · EVOLVED DEVELOPMENTAL NICHE (EDN) •TOUCH: Held or kept near others constantly

Ethical Skills

• Ethical Sensitivity

• Ethical Judgment

• Ethical Focus

• Ethical Action

Ethical Process Skills to Embed in Classroom Instruction

RAVES

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Ethical Sensitivity Skills:

NOTICE!

Notice the need for ethical action

Feel empathy

Put yourself in the other person’s shoes

Imagine possibilities

Determine your role

RAVES

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Ethical Sensitivity Skills:

NOTICE!

Understand Emotional Expression

Take the Perspectives of Others

Connect to Others

Respond to Diversity

Control Social Bias

Interpret Situations

Communicate well

RAVES

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Ethical Judgment Skills:

THINK!

Reason about what might be done

Apply your code of ethics

Judge which action is most ethical

RAVES

Page 24: Raising and Educating Good and Wise Peoplednarvaez/documents/NarvaezRaising... · 2015. 10. 13. · EVOLVED DEVELOPMENTAL NICHE (EDN) •TOUCH: Held or kept near others constantly

Reason Generally

Reason Ethically

Understand Ethical Problems

Use Codes & Identify Judgment Criteria

Ethical Judgment Skills: THINK!

Understand Consequences

Reflect on the Process and Outcome

Coping & Resiliency

RAVES

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Ethical Focus Skills: AIM!

Make the ethical action a priority over other needs and goals

Align ethical action with your identity

RAVES

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Respect Others

Ethical Focus Skills: AIM!

Cultivate Conscience

Act Responsibly

Be a Community Member

Find Meaning in Life

Develop Ethical Identity & Integrity

RAVES

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Ethical Action Skills: ACT!

Implement the ethical action by

Knowing what steps to take

Getting the help you need

Persevere despite hardship

RAVES

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Resolve Conflicts and Problems

Ethical Action Skills: ACT!

Assert Respectfully

Take Initiative as a Leader

Planning to Implement Decisions

Cultivate Courage

Persevere

Work Hard

RAVES

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Success requires all processes!

Notice

Think

Aim

Act

RAVES

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Ethical skills

• Sensitivity

• Judgment

• Focus

• Action

RAVES

Relationships, Apprenticeship, Virtuous

models, Ethical Skills, Self-authorship

Page 31: Raising and Educating Good and Wise Peoplednarvaez/documents/NarvaezRaising... · 2015. 10. 13. · EVOLVED DEVELOPMENTAL NICHE (EDN) •TOUCH: Held or kept near others constantly

Self authorship

• Scaffold to

independence

• Mentor until mentoring

not needed

RAVES

Page 32: Raising and Educating Good and Wise Peoplednarvaez/documents/NarvaezRaising... · 2015. 10. 13. · EVOLVED DEVELOPMENTAL NICHE (EDN) •TOUCH: Held or kept near others constantly

Ethical Character Development

through RAVES

Relationships (classroom & wider community)

Apprenticeship (modeling, guidance, practice)

Virtuous models

Ethical skills (sensitivity, judgment, focus, action)

Self authorship

Page 33: Raising and Educating Good and Wise Peoplednarvaez/documents/NarvaezRaising... · 2015. 10. 13. · EVOLVED DEVELOPMENTAL NICHE (EDN) •TOUCH: Held or kept near others constantly

Ethical Culture

33

Community attention to basic

needs

Companionship child raising

Good physio-neuro-social

biology

Adult wellbeing and wisdom

Page 34: Raising and Educating Good and Wise Peoplednarvaez/documents/NarvaezRaising... · 2015. 10. 13. · EVOLVED DEVELOPMENTAL NICHE (EDN) •TOUCH: Held or kept near others constantly

Who needs help? • You and me too

Page 35: Raising and Educating Good and Wise Peoplednarvaez/documents/NarvaezRaising... · 2015. 10. 13. · EVOLVED DEVELOPMENTAL NICHE (EDN) •TOUCH: Held or kept near others constantly

We must sustain ourselves • Self-Calming

o Deep breathing

o Mindfulness

o Meditation

• Social Pleasure o Free play with peers

o Social dance, song, art

• Communal

Imagination o Group attachment

o Us and Us

o Ecological

attachment

Page 36: Raising and Educating Good and Wise Peoplednarvaez/documents/NarvaezRaising... · 2015. 10. 13. · EVOLVED DEVELOPMENTAL NICHE (EDN) •TOUCH: Held or kept near others constantly

If anybody asks you who we are, who we are, who we are, If anybody asks you who we are, Tell them we are children of Earth.

Page 37: Raising and Educating Good and Wise Peoplednarvaez/documents/NarvaezRaising... · 2015. 10. 13. · EVOLVED DEVELOPMENTAL NICHE (EDN) •TOUCH: Held or kept near others constantly

For more information

• Darcia Narvaez: [email protected]

• Notre Dame webpage: http://www.nd.edu/~dnarvaez/

Or

• http://DarciaNarvaez.com

• My blog at Psychology Today:

Moral Landscapes

Thank you!