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Raised-Bed Troughs for Strawberries: Irrigation Water Management
Dong WangUSDA ARS, Parlier, CA
USDA-ARS ~ Water Management ResearchSan Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center ~ Parlier, California, USA
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Medium Irrigation Level (%ET)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2008-2009 A B C D
Soil (sandy loam) 100 150 NA 200Coir 100 150 NA 200Peat 100 150 NA 200Peat-Perlite 100 150 NA 200Peat-Rice hulls 100 150 NA 200Coir-Rice hulls 100 150 NA 200
2009-2010
Coir 100 150 150/6 200Peat-Perlite 100 150 150/6 200Peat-Coir-Rice 100 150 150/6 200
__________________________________________________________
USDA-ARS ~ Water Management ResearchSan Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center ~ Parlier, California, USA
Field Measurements•TDR water content•Temperature•Weather•Yield
2009
2010
USDA-ARS ~ Water Management ResearchSan Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center ~ Parlier, California, USA
2010
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
4/1 5/1 5/31 6/30 7/30 8/29 9/28
Time
Cumu
lative
irriga
tion (
mm)
A, 100ETB, 150ETC, 150ET_6mmD, 200ET
2009
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
4/1 5/1 5/31 6/30 7/30 8/29 9/28
Cumu
lative
irriga
tion (
mm)
A, 100ET
B, 150ETD, 200ET
USDA-ARS ~ Water Management ResearchSan Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center ~ Parlier, California, USA
2009, 100ET
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
5/25 5/26 5/27 5/28 5/29 5/30 5/31
Wat
er c
onte
nt (c
m3 /c
m3 )
Soil Peat-Perlite Peat-Rice hulls
USDA-ARS ~ Water Management ResearchSan Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center ~ Parlier, California, USA
2010, Peat-Perlite
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
7/25 7/27 7/29 7/31 8/2 8/4 8/6 8/8
Wat
er c
onte
nt (c
m3 /c
m3 ) A, 100ET B, 150ET
C, 150ET/6mm D, 200ET
USDA-ARS ~ Water Management ResearchSan Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center ~ Parlier, California, USA
2010, Coir
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
7/25 7/27 7/29 7/31 8/2 8/4 8/6 8/8
Wat
er c
onte
nt (c
m3 /c
m3 ) A, 100ET B, 150ET
C, 150ET/6mm D, 200ET
USDA-ARS ~ Water Management ResearchSan Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center ~ Parlier, California, USA
2009-2010 Santa Maria/Nipomo Irrigation Experiment
2.00
2.25
2.50
2.75
3.00
3.25
3.50
3.75
4.00
4.25
4.50
4.75
5.00
09/06/10 09/09/10 09/12/10 09/15/10 09/18/10 09/21/10 09/24/10 09/27/10
Time
TDR
Rea
ding
s
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
Irrig
atio
n (m
m)
Coir_1
Coir_2
Coir_3
Soil_Coir
Irrigation - Media
USDA-ARS ~ Water Management ResearchSan Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center ~ Parlier, California, USA
Water Retention Apparatus
* Modified from Blok et al., 2008. Analytical methods used in soilless cultivation. Pp. 245-289. IN: M. Raviv and J.H. Lieth (Eds) Soilless Culture-Theory and Practice. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
USDA-ARS ~ Water Management ResearchSan Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center ~ Parlier, California, USA
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
0 10 20 30 40 50
Soil Moisture Tension (cm)
Wat
er C
onte
nt (v
/v) Coir Coire-Rice
Peat-Perlite Amended soil
USDA-ARS ~ Water Management ResearchSan Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center ~ Parlier, California, USA
Yield Measurements
USDA-ARS ~ Water Management ResearchSan Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center ~ Parlier, California, USA
Coir, 2009
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
4/1 5/1 5/31 6/30 7/30
Cum
ulat
ive
yiel
d (k
g/ha
)
A, 100ET
B, 150ET
D, 200ET
USDA-ARS ~ Water Management ResearchSan Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center ~ Parlier, California, USA
Santa Maria, 2009(4/17/2009 - 7/27/2009)
102 days
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
50,000
55,000
60,000
Soil Coir Peat Peat-Perlite Peat-Rice Coir-Rice
Mar
keta
ble
Yie
ld (k
g/ha
)
100%ET150%ET200%ET
aab
b
a abb
USDA-ARS ~ Water Management ResearchSan Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center ~ Parlier, California, USA
Coir, 2010
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
3/16 4/15 5/15 6/14 7/14 8/13 9/12
Cum
ulat
ive
yiel
d (k
g/ha
) A, 100ET
B, 150ET
C, 150ET_6mm
D, 200ET
Grower Soil Bed
USDA-ARS ~ Water Management ResearchSan Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center ~ Parlier, California, USA
Santa Maria, 2010(3/27/2010 - 9/18/2010)
176 days
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
50,000
55,000
60,000
Coir Peat-Perlite Peat-Coir-Rice
Mar
keta
ble
Yie
ld (k
g/ha
)
100%ET150%ET150%ET/6mm200%ET
USDA-ARS ~ Water Management ResearchSan Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center ~ Parlier, California, USA
Irrigation Treatment Medium Yield (kg/ha) Pct of StdGrower Standard Fumigated Soil 52,698 100%
Irrig-100%ET, 3mm Coir 48,490 92%Irrig-150%ET, 3mm Coir 50,293 95%Irrig-150%ET, 6mm Coir 50,872 97%Irrig-200%ET, 3mm Coir 51,432 98%Irrig-100%ET, 3mm Peat-Rice-Coir 44,734 85%Irrig-150%ET, 3mm Peat-Rice-Coir 48,939 93%Irrig-150%ET, 6mm Peat-Rice-Coir 47,652 90%Irrig-200%ET, 3mm Peat-Rice-Coir 48,215 91%Irrig-100%ET, 3mm Peat-Perlite 48,541 92%Irrig-150%ET, 3mm Peat-Perlite 51,213 97%Irrig-150%ET, 6mm Peat-Perlite 51,184 97%Irrig-200%ET, 3mm Peat-Perlite 49,385 94%
2009-2010 Santa Maria/Nipomo
Irrigation Experiment
USDA-ARS ~ Water Management ResearchSan Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center ~ Parlier, California, USA
Santa Maria, CA
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
5/1 5/16 5/31 6/15 6/30 7/15
Air t
empe
ratu
re (o C
)
2009 2010
USDA-ARS ~ Water Management ResearchSan Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center ~ Parlier, California, USA
2009-2010 Santa Maria/Nipomo RaBet Experiment, Green Mulch
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
11/26/09 11/27/09 11/28/09 11/29/09 11/30/09
Time
Tem
pera
ture
(C)
Tair under mulch - Std soil bed
T 5cm depth - Std soil bed
Tair under mulch - Peat:perlite trough
T 5cm depth - Peat:perlite trough
USDA-ARS ~ Water Management ResearchSan Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center ~ Parlier, California, USA
Aug 11, 2009
Summary:
TDR soil moisture measurements reflected in irrigation treatments, i.e. 200%ET>150%ET>100%ET
Substrate media have lower water retention capacity than amended soil, e.g. higher near-saturation water content
Significant yield responses between substrate treatments in 2009, not in 2010
Variable yield responses to irrigation treatments but not statistically significant
Higher subsurface temperature in media than in standard soil beds