Rain on Snow

Rain-on-SnowSnowmelt ModelingPete Fickenscher-----HydrologistCalifornia-Nevada River Forecast CenterNational Weather Service-----San Joaquin River Flood Control AssociationFeb. 16, 2006

Snowmelt Due to Rain-on-Snow

Snowmelt Due to Rain-on-SnowMr = Cw*Px * (Tw-273.16)

Mr = Melt Rate (mm)Cw = Specific heat of waterPx = Precipitation (mm)Lf = Latent heat of fusionTw = Wet-bulb Temp. (K)Lf Tw Melt (% of Px)50 F12.5 %68 F25.0 % Simple Energy Balance

Chart1

0

0.0125470514

0.0250941029

0.0376411543

0.0501882058

0.0627352572

0.0752823087

0.0878293601

0.1003764115

0.112923463

0.1254705144

0.1380175659

0.1505646173

0.1631116688

0.1756587202

0.1882057716

0.2007528231

0.2132998745

0.225846926

0.2383939774

0.2509410289

1 inch of rain

Wet Bulb Temperature (deg F)

Melt from rain (inch)

Snowmelt Due to Rain on Snow

simple

3.95256917253

0

Px(mm)TwMrPx(in)TwMrPxTwMr

100273.16010273.1601 inch320

274.161.2547051443274.163.174404015133.80.0125470514

275.162.5094102886275.166.348808030135.60.0250941029

276.163.7641154329276.169.523212045237.40.0376411543

277.165.0188205772277.1612.697616060239.20.0501882058

278.166.2735257215278.1615.8720200753410.0627352572

279.167.5282308657279.1619.046424090342.80.0752823087

280.168.78293601280.1622.220828105444.60.0878293601

281.1610.0376411543281.1625.395232120546.40.1003764115

282.1611.2923462986282.1628.569636135548.20.112923463

283.1612.5470514429283.1631.7440401506500.1254705144

284.1613.8017565872284.1634.918444165651.80.1380175659

285.1615.0564617315285.1638.092848180753.60.1505646173

286.1616.3111668758286.1641.267252195755.40.1631116688

287.1617.5658720201287.1644.441656210857.20.1756587202

288.1618.8205771644288.1647.6160602258590.1882057716

289.1620.0752823087289.1650.790464240960.80.2007528231

290.1621.3299874529290.1653.96486825662.60.2132998745

291.1622.5846925972291.1657.13927227164.40.225846926

292.1623.8393977415292.1660.313676286166.20.2383939774

293.1625.0941028858293.1663.4880803011680.2509410289

simple

1 inch of rain




Snow-17

10.3004942093LongwaveTotal

Total0.10.16hours6hours

PxTaESATM1M2allM3TaRainmeltTaRainmelt

25.306.110489687600-0.000000239320320

16.56851059010.28560919790.61674420931.36814138560.751734541333.80.011288901133.80.0660017288

27.05669475360.58924609381.23679657482.76035854771.523899337835.60.023290359435.60.1335235348

37.57674075830.89621352191.86018128774.17784493482.318001012137.40.035423459437.40.2020440527

48.13042544931.20653574852.48692262725.6218481843.135262921839.20.0476891639.20.2716125957

58.71960664571.52023712753.11704496077.09367177133.9769641756410.060088424410.3422806839

69.34622590711.83734210133.75057274378.59467691574.84444153742.80.072622217442.80.4141021201

710.01231135382.15787524.387530519810.1262845225.739091367144.60.085291509944.60.4871330659

810.71998054382.48186104215.02794292111.68997716046.662371604446.40.098097274446.40.5614321204

911.47144340392.80932433395.671834666913.28730108557.615803783648.20.111040487548.20.6370603999

1012.26900521653.14028987016.319230565814.91986829238.6009750915500.1241221293500.714081619

1113.11506965983.47478253316.970155513616.58935860949.619540460851.80.137343183151.80.7925621737

1214.01214190353.81282729387.624634494818.297521830410.673224700653.60.150704636153.60.8725712251

1314.9628317574.15444921078.282692581820.046179881511.763824664755.40.164207478755.40.9541807856

1415.96985687174.49967343098.94435493521.837229026212.893211456257.20.177852704857.21.0374658058

1517.03604599574.84852518919.609646803223.672642106314.0633326681590.1916413118591.1225042631

1618.16434228135.201029808510.278593523225.554470818915.276214660760.80.205574300760.81.2093772517

1719.35780664375.557212710.951220519827.484848029116.533964874262.60.219652675962.61.2981690741

1820.61962117125.917099362911.627553306229.465990117617.838774176464.40.233877445264.41.3889673336

1921.95309258586.280715384312.307617483631.500199363919.192919245466.20.248249619966.21.4818630288

2023.3616557546.648086439712.991438741133.589866362720.5987649866680.262770215681.5769506493

2 inch

RainmeltTaESATm2TaRain

06.110320

16.6320.3162533.80.025

27.1540.632535.60.05

37.6760.9487537.40.075

48.1981.26539.20.1

58.721.58125410.125

69.431.897542.80.15

710.142.2137544.60.175

810.852.5346.40.2

911.562.8462548.20.225

1012.273.1625500.25

1113.2243.4787551.80.275

1214.1783.79553.60.3

1315.1324.1112555.40.325

1416.0864.427557.20.35

1517.044.74375590.375

1618.3065.0660.80.4

1719.5725.3762562.60.425

1820.8385.692564.40.45

1922.1046.0087566.20.475

2023.376.325680.5

6hours

TurbulentTaESATM3Rainmelt

06.11048968760.0003184194320

16.56851059010.751734541333.80.0297128277

27.05669475361.523899337835.60.0602331754

37.57674075832.318001012137.40.0916205934

48.13042544933.135262921839.20.1239234356

58.71960664573.9769641756410.1571922599

69.34622590714.84444153742.80.1914799026

710.01231135385.739091367144.60.226841556

810.71998054386.662371604446.40.263334846

911.47144340397.615803783648.20.3010199124

1012.26900521658.6009750915500.3399594898

1113.11506965989.619540460851.80.3802189905

1214.012141903510.673224700653.60.421866589

1314.96283175711.763824664755.40.4649733069

1415.969856871712.893211456257.20.509613101

1517.036045995714.0633326681590.5558629513

1618.164342281315.276214660760.80.603802951

1719.357806643716.533964874262.60.6535163982

1820.619621171217.838774176464.40.7050898884

1921.953092585819.192919245466.20.7586134089

2023.36165575420.5987649866680.8141804343

Snow-17

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

6 hours melt

Air Temperature (deg F)

Melt (inches)

Snowmelt Due to Turbulent Transfer

Sheet3

6 hour melt



Snowmelt Due to LW Radiation

000

0.025094102900

0.050188205800

0.075282308700

0.100376411500

0.125470514400

0.150564617300

0.175658720200

0.200752823100

0.22584692600

0.250941028900

0.276035131700

0.301129234600

0.326223337500

0.351317440400

0.376411543300

0.401505646200

0.426599749100

0.451693851900

0.476787954800

0.501882057700

Rainmelt

Longwave Radiation

Turbulent Transfer


Melt (inches)

Snowmelt During Rain-on-snow

Rain-on-SnowM = (0.0125 * Px * Ta) { rainmelt} + 3.67 * 10-9 * t/6 *(Ta+273)4 20.4 { longwave exchange} + 8.5 * UADJ * t/6*[(0.9 * esat 6.11) + 0.00057 * Pa * Ta{turbulent transfer}Snow-17 - Operational EquationM = Melt (mm)Ta = Air Temperature (C)Px = water equivalent of precipitation (mm)UADJ = average wind function during rain-on-snowesat = saturation vapor pressure at the airPa = mean sea level atmospheric pressure

Rain-on-SnowM = (0.0125 * Px * Ta) { rainmelt} + 6.12 * 10-10 * t [(Ta+273)4 2734] { longwave exchange} + 8.5 * UADJ * t/6*[(0.9 * esat 6.11) + 0.00057 * Pa * Ta{turbulent transfer}Snow-17 - Operational EquationAssumptions: no solar radiation relative humidity = 90% atmospheric radiation = black body at Ta wet bulb temperature (rainwater ) = Ta UADJ is the average wind function during rain-on-snow events The snowmelt occurs at the surface of the snowpack

Rain-on-SnowSnow-17 - RainmeltAssume a 6 hour event with constant Ta = 45 F and2 inches of rain

Chart3

0

0.0250941029

0.0501882058

0.0752823087

0.1003764115

0.1254705144

0.1505646173

0.1756587202

0.2007528231

0.225846926

0.2509410289

0.2760351317

0.3011292346

0.3262233375

0.3513174404

0.3764115433

0.4015056462

0.4265997491

0.4516938519

0.4767879548

0.5018820577

2 inches of rain/6hours




simple

3.95256917253

0


100273.16010273.160320

274.161.2547051443274.163.174404015133.80.0250941029

275.162.5094102886275.166.348808030135.60.0501882058

276.163.7641154329276.169.523212045237.40.0752823087

277.165.0188205772277.1612.697616060239.20.1003764115

278.166.2735257215278.1615.8720200753410.1254705144

279.167.5282308657279.1619.046424090342.80.1505646173

280.168.78293601280.1622.220828105444.60.1756587202

281.1610.0376411543281.1625.395232120546.40.2007528231

282.1611.2923462986282.1628.569636135548.20.225846926

283.1612.5470514429283.1631.7440401506500.2509410289

284.1613.8017565872284.1634.918444165651.80.2760351317

285.1615.0564617315285.1638.092848180753.60.3011292346

286.1616.3111668758286.1641.267252195755.40.3262233375

287.1617.5658720201287.1644.441656210857.20.3513174404

288.1618.8205771644288.1647.6160602258590.3764115433

289.1620.0752823087289.1650.790464240960.80.4015056462

290.1621.3299874529290.1653.96486825662.60.4265997491

291.1622.5846925972291.1657.13927227164.40.4516938519

292.1623.8393977415292.1660.313676286166.20.4767879548

293.1625.0941028858293.1663.4880803011680.5018820577

simple

10 inches of rain




Snow-17

10.3004942093Longwave

Total0.10.16hours

PxTaESATM1M2allM3TaRainmelt

25.306.110489687600-0.000000239320

16.56851059010.28560919790.61674420931.45162996070.751734541333.80.0112889011

27.05669475360.58924609381.23679657482.92964321131.523899337835.60.0232903594

37.57674075830.89621352191.86018128774.43536311782.318001012137.40.0354234594

48.13042544931.20653574852.48692262725.97017324593.135262921839.20.04768916

58.71960664571.52023712753.11704496077.53551919473.9769641756410.060088424

69.34622590711.83734210133.75057274379.13291071264.84444153742.80.0726222174

710.01231135382.15787524.387530519810.76392385555.739091367144.60.0852915099

810.71998054382.48186104215.02794292112.4302031876.662371604446.40.0980972744

911.47144340392.80932433395.671834666914.13346402097.615803783648.20.1110404875

1012.26900521653.14028987016.319230565815.87549470648.6009750915500.1241221293

1113.11506965983.47478253316.970155513617.65815895349.619540460851.80.1373431831

1214.01214190353.81282729387.624634494819.483398201110.673224700653.60.1507046361

1314.9628317574.15444921078.282692581821.353234025911.763824664755.40.1642074787

1415.96985687174.49967343098.94435493523.269770591912.893211456257.20.1778527048

1517.03604599574.84852518919.609646803225.2351971414.0633326681590.1916413118

1618.16434228135.201029808510.278593523227.251790518415.276214660760.80.2055743007

1719.35780664375.557212710.951220519829.321917752316.533964874262.60.2196526759

1820.61962117125.917099362911.627553306231.448038652217.838774176464.40.2338774452

1921.95309258586.280715384312.307617483633.632708461719.192919245466.20.2482496199

2023.3616557546.648086439712.991438741135.878580542920.5987649866680.262770215

2 inch


06.110320

16.6320.3162533.80.025

27.1540.632535.60.05

37.6760.9487537.40.075

48.1981.26539.20.1

58.721.58125410.125

69.431.897542.80.15

710.142.2137544.60.175

810.852.5346.40.2

911.562.8462548.20.225

1012.273.1625500.25

1113.2243.4787551.80.275

1214.1783.79553.60.3

1315.1324.1112555.40.325

1416.0864.427557.20.35

1517.044.74375590.375

1618.3065.0660.80.4

1719.5725.3762562.60.425

1820.8385.692564.40.45

1922.1046.0087566.20.475

2023.376.325680.5

6hours


06.11048968760.0003184194320

16.56851059010.751734541333.80.0297128277

27.05669475361.523899337835.60.0602331754

37.57674075832.318001012137.40.0916205934

48.13042544933.135262921839.20.1239234356

58.71960664573.9769641756410.1571922599

69.34622590714.84444153742.80.1914799026

710.01231135385.739091367144.60.226841556

810.71998054386.662371604446.40.263334846

911.47144340397.615803783648.20.3010199124

1012.26900521658.6009750915500.3399594898

1113.11506965989.619540460851.80.3802189905

1214.012141903510.673224700653.60.421866589

1314.96283175711.763824664755.40.4649733069

1415.969856871712.893211456257.20.509613101

1517.036045995714.0633326681590.5558629513

1618.164342281315.276214660760.80.603802951

1719.357806643716.533964874262.60.6535163982

1820.619621171217.838774176464.40.7050898884

1921.953092585819.192919245466.20.7586134089

2023.36165575420.5987649866680.8141804343

Snow-17

6 hour event


Melt (inches)


Sheet3

0

0.0250941029

0.0501882058

0.0752823087

0.1003764115

0.1254705144

0.1505646173

0.1756587202

0.2007528231

0.225846926

0.2509410289

0.2760351317

0.3011292346

0.3262233375

0.3513174404

0.3764115433

0.4015056462

0.4265997491

0.4516938519

0.4767879548

0.5018820577





Rain-on-SnowSnow-17 - Longwave RadiationNote: This melt is independent of rainfall amount Assume a 6 hour event with constant Ta = 45 F

Chart4

0

0.0112889011

0.0232903594

0.0354234594

0.04768916

0.060088424

0.0726222174

0.0852915099

0.0980972744

0.1110404875

0.1241221293

0.1373431831

0.1507046361

0.1642074787

0.1778527048

0.1916413118

0.2055743007

0.2196526759

0.2338774452

0.2482496199

0.262770215

6 hour melt




simple

3.95256917253

0


100273.16010273.160320

274.161.2547051443274.163.174404015133.80.0250941029

275.162.5094102886275.166.348808030135.60.0501882058

276.163.7641154329276.169.523212045237.40.0752823087

277.165.0188205772277.1612.697616060239.20.1003764115

278.166.2735257215278.1615.8720200753410.1254705144

279.167.5282308657279.1619.046424090342.80.1505646173

280.168.78293601280.1622.220828105444.60.1756587202

281.1610.0376411543281.1625.395232120546.40.2007528231

282.1611.2923462986282.1628.569636135548.20.225846926

283.1612.5470514429283.1631.7440401506500.2509410289

284.1613.8017565872284.1634.918444165651.80.2760351317

285.1615.0564617315285.1638.092848180753.60.3011292346

286.1616.3111668758286.1641.267252195755.40.3262233375

287.1617.5658720201287.1644.441656210857.20.3513174404

288.1618.8205771644288.1647.6160602258590.3764115433

289.1620.0752823087289.1650.790464240960.80.4015056462

290.1621.3299874529290.1653.96486825662.60.4265997491

291.1622.5846925972291.1657.13927227164.40.4516938519

292.1623.8393977415292.1660.313676286166.20.4767879548

293.1625.0941028858293.1663.4880803011680.5018820577

simple

10 inches of rain




Snow-17

10.3004942093Longwave

Total0.10.16hours

PxTaESATM1M2allM3TaRainmelt

25.306.110489687600-0.000000239320

16.56851059010.28560919790.61674420931.45162996070.751734541333.80.0112889011

27.05669475360.58924609381.23679657482.92964321131.523899337835.60.0232903594

37.57674075830.89621352191.86018128774.43536311782.318001012137.40.0354234594

48.13042544931.20653574852.48692262725.97017324593.135262921839.20.04768916

58.71960664571.52023712753.11704496077.53551919473.9769641756410.060088424

69.34622590711.83734210133.75057274379.13291071264.84444153742.80.0726222174

710.01231135382.15787524.387530519810.76392385555.739091367144.60.0852915099

810.71998054382.48186104215.02794292112.4302031876.662371604446.40.0980972744

911.47144340392.80932433395.671834666914.13346402097.615803783648.20.1110404875

1012.26900521653.14028987016.319230565815.87549470648.6009750915500.1241221293

1113.11506965983.47478253316.970155513617.65815895349.619540460851.80.1373431831

1214.01214190353.81282729387.624634494819.483398201110.673224700653.60.1507046361

1314.9628317574.15444921078.282692581821.353234025911.763824664755.40.1642074787

1415.96985687174.49967343098.94435493523.269770591912.893211456257.20.1778527048

1517.03604599574.84852518919.609646803225.2351971414.0633326681590.1916413118

1618.16434228135.201029808510.278593523227.251790518415.276214660760.80.2055743007

1719.35780664375.557212710.951220519829.321917752316.533964874262.60.2196526759

1820.61962117125.917099362911.627553306231.448038652217.838774176464.40.2338774452

1921.95309258586.280715384312.307617483633.632708461719.192919245466.20.2482496199

2023.3616557546.648086439712.991438741135.878580542920.5987649866680.262770215

2 inch


06.110320

16.6320.3162533.80.025

27.1540.632535.60.05

37.6760.9487537.40.075

48.1981.26539.20.1

58.721.58125410.125

69.431.897542.80.15

710.142.2137544.60.175

810.852.5346.40.2

911.562.8462548.20.225

1012.273.1625500.25

1113.2243.4787551.80.275

1214.1783.79553.60.3

1315.1324.1112555.40.325

1416.0864.427557.20.35

1517.044.74375590.375

1618.3065.0660.80.4

1719.5725.3762562.60.425

1820.8385.692564.40.45

1922.1046.0087566.20.475

2023.376.325680.5

6hours


06.11048968760.0003184194320

16.56851059010.751734541333.80.0297128277

27.05669475361.523899337835.60.0602331754

37.57674075832.318001012137.40.0916205934

48.13042544933.135262921839.20.1239234356

58.71960664573.9769641756410.1571922599

69.34622590714.84444153742.80.1914799026

710.01231135385.739091367144.60.226841556

810.71998054386.662371604446.40.263334846

911.47144340397.615803783648.20.3010199124

1012.26900521658.6009750915500.3399594898

1113.11506965989.619540460851.80.3802189905

1214.012141903510.673224700653.60.421866589

1314.96283175711.763824664755.40.4649733069

1415.969856871712.893211456257.20.509613101

1517.036045995714.0633326681590.5558629513

1618.164342281315.276214660760.80.603802951

1719.357806643716.533964874262.60.6535163982

1820.619621171217.838774176464.40.7050898884

1921.953092585819.192919245466.20.7586134089

2023.36165575420.5987649866680.8141804343

Snow-17

6 hours melt


Melt (inches)


Sheet3

6 hour melt




0

0.0250941029

0.0501882058

0.0752823087

0.1003764115

0.1254705144

0.1505646173

0.1756587202

0.2007528231

0.225846926

0.2509410289

0.2760351317

0.3011292346

0.3262233375

0.3513174404

0.3764115433

0.4015056462

0.4265997491

0.4516938519

0.4767879548

0.5018820577





Rain-on-SnowSnow-17 - Turbulent TransferNote: This melt is independent of rainfall amount. UADJ set to 0.09 (12 mph wind) Assume a 6 hour event with constant Ta = 45 F

Chart2

0

0.0297128277

0.0602331754

0.0916205934

0.1239234356

0.1571922599

0.1914799026

0.226841556

0.263334846

0.3010199124

0.3399594898

0.3802189905

0.421866589

0.4649733069

0.509613101

0.5558629513

0.603802951

0.6535163982

0.7050898884

0.7586134089

0.8141804343

6 hour melt




simple

3.95256917253

0


100273.16010273.1601 inch320

274.161.2547051443274.163.174404015133.80.0125470514

275.162.5094102886275.166.348808030135.60.0250941029

276.163.7641154329276.169.523212045237.40.0376411543

277.165.0188205772277.1612.697616060239.20.0501882058

278.166.2735257215278.1615.8720200753410.0627352572

279.167.5282308657279.1619.046424090342.80.0752823087

280.168.78293601280.1622.220828105444.60.0878293601

281.1610.0376411543281.1625.395232120546.40.1003764115

282.1611.2923462986282.1628.569636135548.20.112923463

283.1612.5470514429283.1631.7440401506500.1254705144

284.1613.8017565872284.1634.918444165651.80.1380175659

285.1615.0564617315285.1638.092848180753.60.1505646173

286.1616.3111668758286.1641.267252195755.40.1631116688

287.1617.5658720201287.1644.441656210857.20.1756587202

288.1618.8205771644288.1647.6160602258590.1882057716

289.1620.0752823087289.1650.790464240960.80.2007528231

290.1621.3299874529290.1653.96486825662.60.2132998745

291.1622.5846925972291.1657.13927227164.40.225846926

292.1623.8393977415292.1660.313676286166.20.2383939774

293.1625.0941028858293.1663.4880803011680.2509410289

simple

1 inch of rain




Snow-17




25.306.110489687600-0.000000239320320

16.56851059010.28560919790.61674420931.36814138560.751734541333.80.011288901133.80.0660017288

27.05669475360.58924609381.23679657482.76035854771.523899337835.60.023290359435.60.1335235348

37.57674075830.89621352191.86018128774.17784493482.318001012137.40.035423459437.40.2020440527

48.13042544931.20653574852.48692262725.6218481843.135262921839.20.0476891639.20.2716125957

58.71960664571.52023712753.11704496077.09367177133.9769641756410.060088424410.3422806839

69.34622590711.83734210133.75057274378.59467691574.84444153742.80.072622217442.80.4141021201

710.01231135382.15787524.387530519810.1262845225.739091367144.60.085291509944.60.4871330659

810.71998054382.48186104215.02794292111.68997716046.662371604446.40.098097274446.40.5614321204

911.47144340392.80932433395.671834666913.28730108557.615803783648.20.111040487548.20.6370603999

1012.26900521653.14028987016.319230565814.91986829238.6009750915500.1241221293500.714081619

1113.11506965983.47478253316.970155513616.58935860949.619540460851.80.137343183151.80.7925621737

1214.01214190353.81282729387.624634494818.297521830410.673224700653.60.150704636153.60.8725712251

1314.9628317574.15444921078.282692581820.046179881511.763824664755.40.164207478755.40.9541807856

1415.96985687174.49967343098.94435493521.837229026212.893211456257.20.177852704857.21.0374658058

1517.03604599574.84852518919.609646803223.672642106314.0633326681590.1916413118591.1225042631

1618.16434228135.201029808510.278593523225.554470818915.276214660760.80.205574300760.81.2093772517

1719.35780664375.557212710.951220519827.484848029116.533964874262.60.219652675962.61.2981690741

1820.61962117125.917099362911.627553306229.465990117617.838774176464.40.233877445264.41.3889673336

1921.95309258586.280715384312.307617483631.500199363919.192919245466.20.248249619966.21.4818630288

2023.3616557546.648086439712.991438741133.589866362720.5987649866680.262770215681.5769506493

2 inch


06.110320

16.6320.3162533.80.025

27.1540.632535.60.05

37.6760.9487537.40.075

48.1981.26539.20.1

58.721.58125410.125

69.431.897542.80.15

710.142.2137544.60.175

810.852.5346.40.2

911.562.8462548.20.225

1012.273.1625500.25

1113.2243.4787551.80.275

1214.1783.79553.60.3

1315.1324.1112555.40.325

1416.0864.427557.20.35

1517.044.74375590.375

1618.3065.0660.80.4

1719.5725.3762562.60.425

1820.8385.692564.40.45

1922.1046.0087566.20.475

2023.376.325680.5

6hours


06.11048968760.0003184194320

16.56851059010.751734541333.80.0297128277

27.05669475361.523899337835.60.0602331754

37.57674075832.318001012137.40.0916205934

48.13042544933.135262921839.20.1239234356

58.71960664573.9769641756410.1571922599

69.34622590714.84444153742.80.1914799026

710.01231135385.739091367144.60.226841556

810.71998054386.662371604446.40.263334846

911.47144340397.615803783648.20.3010199124

1012.26900521658.6009750915500.3399594898

1113.11506965989.619540460851.80.3802189905

1214.012141903510.673224700653.60.421866589

1314.96283175711.763824664755.40.4649733069

1415.969856871712.893211456257.20.509613101

1517.036045995714.0633326681590.5558629513

1618.164342281315.276214660760.80.603802951

1719.357806643716.533964874262.60.6535163982

1820.619621171217.838774176464.40.7050898884

1921.953092585819.192919245466.20.7586134089

2023.36165575420.5987649866680.8141804343

Snow-17

6 hour melt




Sheet3

0

0.0125470514

0.0250941029

0.0376411543

0.0501882058

0.0627352572

0.0752823087

0.0878293601

0.1003764115

0.112923463

0.1254705144

0.1380175659

0.1505646173

0.1631116688

0.1756587202

0.1882057716

0.2007528231

0.2132998745

0.225846926

0.2383939774

0.2509410289

Rainmelt

Longwave Radiation

Turbulent Transfer


Melt (inches)


6 hour melt




Rain-on-SnowSnow-17 - Component ComparisonAssume 2 inches of rain during a 6 hour event with constant Ta Ta Total Melt (inches)45 F0.50 (25%) 40 F 0.30 (15%)35 F0.11 ( 6%)Note: 41 F 0.34 (17%)

Chart1

0000

0.02509410290.01128890110.02971282770.0660017288

0.05018820580.02329035940.06023317540.1335235348

0.07528230870.03542345940.09162059340.2020440527

0.10037641150.047689160.12392343560.2716125957

0.12547051440.0600884240.15719225990.3422806839

0.15056461730.07262221740.19147990260.4141021201

0.17565872020.08529150990.2268415560.4871330659

0.20075282310.09809727440.2633348460.5614321204

0.2258469260.11104048750.30101991240.6370603999

0.25094102890.12412212930.33995948980.714081619

0.27603513170.13734318310.38021899050.7925621737

0.30112923460.15070463610.4218665890.8725712251

0.32622333750.16420747870.4649733069

0.35131744040.17785270480.509613101

0.37641154330.19164131180.5558629513

0.40150564620.20557430070.603802951

0.42659974910.21965267590.6535163982

0.45169385190.23387744520.7050898884

0.47678795480.24824961990.7586134089

0.50188205770.2627702150.8141804343

Rainmelt

Longwave Radiation

Turbulent Transfer

Total Melt (2 inches/6 hrs)


Melt (inches)


simple

3.95256917253

0


100273.16010273.1601 inch320

274.161.2547051443274.163.174404015133.80.0250941029

275.162.5094102886275.166.348808030135.60.0501882058

276.163.7641154329276.169.523212045237.40.0752823087

277.165.0188205772277.1612.697616060239.20.1003764115

278.166.2735257215278.1615.8720200753410.1254705144

279.167.5282308657279.1619.046424090342.80.1505646173

280.168.78293601280.1622.220828105444.60.1756587202

281.1610.0376411543281.1625.395232120546.40.2007528231

282.1611.2923462986282.1628.569636135548.20.225846926

283.1612.5470514429283.1631.7440401506500.2509410289

284.1613.8017565872284.1634.918444165651.80.2760351317

285.1615.0564617315285.1638.092848180753.60.3011292346

286.1616.3111668758286.1641.267252195755.40.3262233375

287.1617.5658720201287.1644.441656210857.20.3513174404

288.1618.8205771644288.1647.6160602258590.3764115433

289.1620.0752823087289.1650.790464240960.80.4015056462

290.1621.3299874529290.1653.96486825662.60.4265997491

291.1622.5846925972291.1657.13927227164.40.4516938519

292.1623.8393977415292.1660.313676286166.20.4767879548

293.1625.0941028858293.1663.4880803011680.5018820577

simple

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1 inch of rain




Snow-17




25.306.110489687600-0.000000239320320

16.56851059010.28560919790.61674420931.36814138560.751734541333.80.011288901133.80.0660017288

27.05669475360.58924609381.23679657482.76035854771.523899337835.60.023290359435.60.1335235348

37.57674075830.89621352191.86018128774.17784493482.318001012137.40.035423459437.40.2020440527

48.13042544931.20653574852.48692262725.6218481843.135262921839.20.0476891639.20.2716125957

58.71960664571.52023712753.11704496077.09367177133.9769641756410.060088424410.3422806839

69.34622590711.83734210133.75057274378.59467691574.84444153742.80.072622217442.80.4141021201

710.01231135382.15787524.387530519810.1262845225.739091367144.60.085291509944.60.4871330659

810.71998054382.48186104215.02794292111.68997716046.662371604446.40.098097274446.40.5614321204

911.47144340392.80932433395.671834666913.28730108557.615803783648.20.111040487548.20.6370603999

1012.26900521653.14028987016.319230565814.91986829238.6009750915500.1241221293500.714081619

1113.11506965983.47478253316.970155513616.58935860949.619540460851.80.137343183151.80.7925621737

1214.01214190353.81282729387.624634494818.297521830410.673224700653.60.150704636153.60.8725712251

1314.9628317574.15444921078.282692581820.046179881511.763824664755.40.164207478755.40.9541807856

1415.96985687174.49967343098.94435493521.837229026212.893211456257.20.177852704857.21.0374658058

1517.03604599574.84852518919.609646803223.672642106314.0633326681590.1916413118591.1225042631

1618.16434228135.201029808510.278593523225.554470818915.276214660760.80.205574300760.81.2093772517

1719.35780664375.557212710.951220519827.484848029116.533964874262.60.219652675962.61.2981690741

1820.61962117125.917099362911.627553306229.465990117617.838774176464.40.233877445264.41.3889673336

1921.95309258586.280715384312.307617483631.500199363919.192919245466.20.248249619966.21.4818630288

2023.3616557546.648086439712.991438741133.589866362720.5987649866680.262770215681.5769506493

2 inch


06.110320

16.6320.3162533.80.025

27.1540.632535.60.05

37.6760.9487537.40.075

48.1981.26539.20.1

58.721.58125410.125

69.431.897542.80.15

710.142.2137544.60.175

810.852.5346.40.2

911.562.8462548.20.225

1012.273.1625500.25

1113.2243.4787551.80.275

1214.1783.79553.60.3

1315.1324.1112555.40.325

1416.0864.427557.20.35

1517.044.74375590.375

1618.3065.0660.80.4

1719.5725.3762562.60.425

1820.8385.692564.40.45

1922.1046.0087566.20.475

2023.376.325680.5

6hours


06.11048968760.0003184194320

16.56851059010.751734541333.80.0297128277

27.05669475361.523899337835.60.0602331754

37.57674075832.318001012137.40.0916205934

48.13042544933.135262921839.20.1239234356

58.71960664573.9769641756410.1571922599

69.34622590714.84444153742.80.1914799026

710.01231135385.739091367144.60.226841556

810.71998054386.662371604446.40.263334846

911.47144340397.615803783648.20.3010199124

1012.26900521658.6009750915500.3399594898

1113.11506965989.619540460851.80.3802189905

1214.012141903510.673224700653.60.421866589

1314.96283175711.763824664755.40.4649733069

1415.969856871712.893211456257.20.509613101

1517.036045995714.0633326681590.5558629513

1618.164342281315.276214660760.80.603802951

1719.357806643716.533964874262.60.6535163982

1820.619621171217.838774176464.40.7050898884

1921.953092585819.192919245466.20.7586134089

2023.36165575420.5987649866680.8141804343

Snow-17

6 hour melt




Temp

0

0.0250941029

0.0501882058

0.0752823087

0.1003764115

0.1254705144

0.1505646173

0.1756587202

0.2007528231

0.225846926

0.2509410289

0.2760351317

0.3011292346

0.3262233375

0.3513174404

0.3764115433

0.4015056462

0.4265997491

0.4516938519

0.4767879548

0.5018820577

Rainmelt

Longwave Radiation

Turbulent Transfer

Total Melt (2 inches/6 hrs)


Melt (inches)


6 hour melt




BLUHYSUpper American MAT (

12/30/96 1:16393936

12/30/96 2:57414038

12/30/96 4:18414140

12/30/96 7:20424238

12/30/96 10:22414038

12/30/96 13:24404139

12/30/96 16:26414042

12/30/96 19:28414242

12/30/96 22:30414144

12/31/96 1:33414046

12/31/96 4:35404146

12/31/96 10:39434346

12/31/96 13:41434345

12/31/96 16:43444341

12/31/96 19:45434437

12/31/96 22:47444435

1/1/97 1:494647

1/1/97 4:514649

1/1/97 7:534749

1/1/97 10:554747

1/1/97 13:574747

1/1/97 16:594747

1/1/97 20:014748

1/1/97 23:034747

1/2/97 2:054747

1/2/97 5:074746

1/2/97 8:093944

1/2/97 11:123935

1/2/97 14:143835

1/2/97 17:163838

1/2/97 20:183737

1/2/97 23:203636

42.542.5937540.8125

MBD000000F0.unknown

MBD01F4DE39.unknown

MBD000001C8.unknown

MBD00000244.unknown

MBD00000296.unknown

MBD0000015C.unknown

MBD00000084.unknown

Example 1997 Event

Chart1

21.897233201619.211.617.15.1402371542

22.80632411071912.27.295.1402371542

23.280632411121.813.589.855.5317786561

23.043478260923.715.7511.26.7164426877

23.20158102772416.3411.26.7164426877

23.35968379452417.91116.1241106719

21.9762845852417.9110.84.3471146245

20.94861660082418.1110.52.3693280632

20.31620553362417.1310.20.9838735178

20.118577075124.115.9410.040.7931225296

20.079051383424.115.94100.5923320158

SNOW-17 - NFDC1UP (5000' - 9006')

CSSL (6900')

Huysink (6600')

Greek Store (5600')

Blue Canyon (5300')

Date

SWE (inches)

Snow Water Equivalent Comparison ('96 -'97)

sup

$IDENTIFIER=NFDC1UPDESCRIPTION=NF AMERICAN UP SWE

$PERIODOF RECORD=10/1960 THRU 09/2003

$SYMBOLFOR MISSINGDATA=-999.00 SYMBOL FOR ACCUMULATEDDATA=-998.0

$TYPE=SWE UNITS=MM DIMENSIONS=LDATATIME INTERVAL=24 HOU

$OUTPUTFORMAT=(3A4,2I2,I4,6F10.0)

DATACARDSWELMM 24 NFDC1UPNF AMERICANUP SWE

1019949 1997 6F10.0

10941000610

10942000000

10943000000

10944000000

10945000000

109460

1194122137893

119428887122131130140

11943139139162168225239

11944239239239239238239

11945320341352351353353

12941355365445526528547

12942549548548548555596

12943602627628629628630

12944628627625624622655

12945651649649670667666

12946666

1951665664672705761810

19528559361012108410911117

1953117611661193119511941194

1954119411941194122812421274

1955129813401361135913561349

19561343

2951133213281323131713121308

2952130413011299129512931291

2953133613461345134413401333

2954132513161307129812881279

29551273126612601254

3951125613021330133713551353

3952135013581390144014811485

3953151215021485147614681475

3954146615351581168117381762

3955176217611761176117601758

39561750

4951174017321719170416911690

4952171217131710170316911689

4953172517241730172917291731

4954172817601755173917171698

4955168016631656167616601666

5951162516081593158015681557

5952154515281513149714831490

5953148914941486146914501427

5954140213771354133013051284

5955126112371213118711571127

59561095

6951106610391012986967958

6952948934918898879854

6953830814806794783769

6954759748732709683654

6955621595571550528509

7951491475458442425409

7952395379366355346338

7953329317304292281267

7954257248240233226219

7955212205197189182175

7956168

8951161155148142136131

8952126122117113110106

89531029894908784

8954807673696562

8955595654514946

895644

9951413836333129

9952272523211917

9953151211975

9954310000

9955000000

10951000000

10952000000

10953000000

10954000000

10955000000

109560

11951000000

11952000000

11953000000

11954000000

11955132100

12951000200

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sup

Blue Canyon (5300')

Greek Store (5600')

Huysink (6600')

CSSL (6900')

SNOW-17 - NFDC1UP (5000' - 9006')

Date

SWE (mm)

Snow Water Equivalent Comparison ('96-'97)

SNOW-17 - NFDC1UP (5000' - 9006')

CSSL (6900')

Huysink (6600')

Greek Store (5600')

Blue Canyon (5300')

Date

SWE (inches)

Snow Water Equivalent Comparison ('96 -'97)

Example 1997 EventBlue Canyon (5300)Average Temp (42.5 F): Rainfall = 19.8 inches SWE loss = 5.3 inches Ratio = 27 %Greek Store (5600): Rainfall = 13.8 inches SWE loss = 0.80 inches Ratio = 6 %Dec. 30, 1996 Jan. 2, 1997Greek Store snowpack was deeper and less ripe, more sheltered.Rain-on-snow melt is highly dependent on pack conditions

Example 1997 EventHuysink (6600)Average Temp (42.5 F) Rainfall = 16.55 inches SWE loss = 2.0 inches Ratio = 12 %Central Sierra Snow Lab: CSSL (6900): Rainfall = ?? SWE loss = 0.0 inchesRatio = 0 %Dec. 30, 1996 Jan. 2, 1997At 6900 the rain passed through the deep CSSL snowpack with no melt.

Example 1997 EventDec. 30, 1996 Jan. 2, 1997NFDC1UP is represents the basin average rain-on-snow snowmeltSNOW 17 (NFDC1UP): Average Temp (41 F) Rainfall = 18.0 inches SWE loss = 3.28 inches Ratio = 18 %

Snowmelt Due to Rain-on-Snow Rain-on-Snow is a complex phenomena. Many variables need to be considered. (Temperature, humidity, wind speed, snowpack conditions, forests,) The strongest component is usually turbulent transfer. All components together may reach 25% (or more) snowmelt-to-rain ratios in very warm events, especially at lower elevations. When snowpack is deep and still cold, little additional snowmelt occurs during rain-on-snow events.Summary

Documents

Rain on Snow