Microsoft Word - Railway Reform in China_version chinoisePHD+sous-titre.doc
2


3







1“ WTO ”
,, 2001 7
6
7
.......................................................... 24
.......................................................... 25
.......................................................... 26
............................................................ 27
........................................................ 28
...................................................... 30
...................................................... 32
............................................................ 34

1990




2002 1 28 29

2 14% 6.5%(ECMT, Trends in the
transport Sector, 1970-1998)
68,700
20 1949 21,810
1995 54,616 3 2001 68,700

Lanzhou
Beijing
Jinan
Shanghai
Nanchang
Guangzhou
Kunming
Liuzhou
Zhengzhou
Wulumuqi
Lanzhou
Beijing
Jinan
Shanghai
Nanchang
Guangzhou
Kunming
Liuzhou
Zhengzhou
Wulumuqi
10

0 200 400 600 800
1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
1978 1985 1990 1995 2000
Year
M ill
io n
To nn
e- km
42%
5
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%
100%
Other Bulk
Source: Nash and Wu, Table 2; IR = Indian railways; BR= British railways; CR= Chinese railways; SNCF = Société National de Chemin de Fer (French railways); RENFE = Spanish railways; SJ = Swedish railways

1978 134 2000 431 ( 6)
13
0 200 400 600 800
1000 1200 1400
Year
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%
100%
Other Intercity Commuter

60.6% 2000 37%4
1980 48% 2000 31.3%
2001 2005
4.6% 7.9% 8-10%
4 : (2001).
13%


BR 41.0 89.0 128.3 343.2 3.01 26,055
DB 41.8 107.8 221.8 305.9 3.12 22,405
SJ 78.5 103.4 349.5 471.0 2.53 9225
SNCF 76.4 200.2 358.7 303.7 3.30 14,313
Nash Wu (2000), 3.



6


15
496 2926

0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
BR WE Average
7 (2001).
2000

10-20%1990 40%

4
24

43.9 49 28.7
30.2 1993
117.7

60.7 (1994 90.4 ) 17
36 15
8
17

1998
9



11
320,000
9 (2001) 10 (2001) 11 (2001) 12

18
• 1997 4 1 1998 10 1 2000 10 21




: ?










C B C

15
21
C
A
B

aB C
b A
B C B
C AC AB

AC A C
C D AB BD
AC
BD CD
AC
A
B C
B C D
AC B C

16
A B



So utheartern railro ad
Garcia Alba2002
A B C











–
c)




Thompson

Perkins
27






23


FS
…
(1998), 94. 23 Kogan (2002).
28

24 Kornai (2001) 25 Kornai (2001) Gao Schaffer (1998)




30










Perkins



…


32













a
b










36





34 Pittman (2002).
37

35


38




Pittman
Union Pacific
Burlington Northern/Santa FeBNSF
BNSF
5% 39

37 Pittman (2002). 38 50 100 39 Pittman (2002).
40




41





42




(3)





14 8 45

(1)
(4)
(5)
(6)








45 Russell Pittman 46 3-4
66,000 16 22







47





Great Eastern Anglia A B



2.4


49


48



(TMIS)



50

DRC (2001), “China: Reform and Development of Railway Transport under the Policy of Reform
and Opening Up to the Outside World”, prepared by the Development Research Centre, Beijing, China for an OECD/DRC Seminar 28-29 January 2002.
Ekström, Alf, (2002), “Swedish Rail Reform” prepared for an OECD/DRC Seminar 28-29 January
2002. Garcia de Alba, Pascual, (2002), “Competition Issues in the Privatization of the Mexican Railroads”,
prepared for an OECD/DRC Seminar 28-29 January 2002. Gao, S. and Schaffer, M.E. (1998), “Financial discipline in the enterprise sector in transition
countries: How does China compare?”, CERT Discussion Paper No. 98/1, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh
Kogan, Jorge H., (2002), “Argentina’s approach to placing the railway in private hands”, prepared for
an OECD/DRC Seminar 28-29 January 2002. Kornai, János, (2001), “Hardening the budget constraint: The experience of the post-socialist
countries”, European Economic Review, 45, 2001, 1573-1599 Majumdar, Sumit K. (1998), “Slack in the State Owned Enterprise: An Evaluation of the Impact of
Soft Budget Constraints”, International Journal of Industrial Organisation, 16, 377-394 Nash, Chris and Jianhong Wu, (2000), “Railway Reform in China”, Transport Reviews, 20(1), 25-48,
2000 OECD (1998), Railways: Structure, Regulation and Competition Policy, Roundtable Series: Best
Practices in Competition Policy #15, February 1998 OECD (2001), Restructuring Public Utilities For Competition, ISBN 92-64-18726-X, August 2001 Perkins, Stephen (2002), “An Overview of Rail Reform in Europe” prepared for an OECD/DRC
Seminar 28-29 January 2002. Pittman, Russell, (2002), “Railway Reform and Competition: Options for China” prepared for an
OECD/DRC Seminar 28-29 January 2002. Preston, John, (2002), “What lessons should be learnt from the reform of British Rail?” prepared for
an OECD/DRC Seminar 28-29 January 2002. Thompson, Louis (2002), “An Overview of Railway Reform” prepared for an OECD/DRC Seminar
28-29 January 2002.