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Railway Bosphorus Tube CrossingTunnels and Stations(Marmaray)

Contract BC1

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Black Sea

Marmara Sea

Asian Side

Bosphorus Strait

Bosphorus

•European Side

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1st Bridge

2nd Bridge

Railway Bosphorus Tube Crossing, Tunnels and Stations

Project Location

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Longitudinal Section

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Particular Design Conditions

Design Basis Earthquake : Mw = 7.5

Countermeasure to Liquefaction

Huge Water Pressure : Max. 60m

Rapid Current

Upper Layer (N to S) : Max. 5 knots

(2.5m/sec)

Bottom Layer (S to N) : 1 ～ 1.5 knots

Fire Resistance : 100 Mw Fire

Train with Petrol Fire

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IMMERSE TUNNELConstruction Vehicle

StructureGaugeEscape

Way

Squeeze

Way

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IMMERSE TUNNELConstruction

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Bird View Istanbul Strait Crossing

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Immersion Procedure

Access shaft

Placing Barge

Tunnel Element

TBMTunnel Boring Machine

Asian Side

European Side

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Tunnel Cross and Longitudinal Section

E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 E8 E9 E10 E11

(m)0

-50-60

-10-20-30-40

Armor Protection

Seismic Joint

Sea Bed

ヨーロッパ側アジア側

Seismic Joint

Immerse Tube (1387m)

Tunnel Armor ProtectionArmor Protection Anchor Release Band

Selected Locking FillFoundation

General Backfill

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1000 6350 6350 1000600

VehicleStructure

GaugeEscape

Way

Squeeze

Way

Typical Cross Section of Immersed Tunnel Element

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60

4137 37 36 33 32 32 31 31 30

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10

20

30

40

50

60

70

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Tunn

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Dep

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m (m

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Comparison Major Tube in the World

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Tuzla Dry Dock TUBE Fabrication

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Immersion Procedure

Marmara Sea Side Black Sea Side

Before Immersion (Anchoring Completion)

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Slurry Type TBM TUNNEL Construction

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European Side Asian Side

Yenikapi UskudarSirkeci

Bosphorus StraitKazlicesme

Airilikcesme

TBM Slurry

TBM Slurry

TBM EPB

TBM Excavation Route

2170m 3343m 4620m

Immerse Tunnel

Yedikule

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TBM（Slurry Type） φ=7,640mm、L=11,000mm

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Tunnel Inside (Asian Side – Sept.07)

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Tunnel Inside (Asian Side – Uskudar Station Breakthrough – July 09)

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ＮＡＴＭ TUNNEL Construction

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NATM Works Location

Emergency CROSS PASSAGE(44 Places 200m Interval)

SIRKECI Deep Station

Track CROSS OVER

Drain Pit

USKUDARStation

Track CROSS OVER

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Uskudar Cross Over Tunnel Model

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Uskudar Cross Over Tunnel Excavation

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Lining Concrete

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Bird View around Sirkeci Station

West Ventilation Shaft

East Ventilation Shaft

North Entrance

South Entrance

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Sirkeci Station NATM Works

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Bird View of Uskudar Station Area

Uskudar Sta.

Immersed Tunnel

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Station Excavation

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U/W Concerns

Project of almost prototypical nature – deepest ever submerged

“atypical” connection sea-land tunnels

Strong bi-directional current in the Bosphorus straight

Heavy ship traffic with “reckless” ship owners at times

Due to deep tunnels high water pressure and hence water tightness issues

An overseas contractor moving in unknown cultural environment

Land tunneling under densely built up (historic) areas