PPT
Presented By: VIMAL KUMARECE 7TH SEM
CONTENTS:
IntroductionRailway SignalingInterlocking Train Traffic
ControlCommunication System Microwave TransmissionOptical Fiber
Communication
Introduction :
FOUNDED IN 16TH APRIL,1853(ABOUT 161 YEARS AGO).
HEAD QUARTER IS IN NEW DELHI,INDIA.
REVENU IS 1441.67 BILLION INC (2013-2014).
PROFIT IS 157.8 BILLION INC (2013-2014).
ABOUT 1.307 MILLION EMPLOYEES (2014).
THERE ARE 17 RAILWAY ZONES.
Indian Railways is an Indian state-owned enterprise, owned and
operated by the Government of India through the Ministry of
Railways.
It is the world's Fourth largest railway networks comprising
115,000 km of track over a route of 65,436 km and 7,172
stations.
Railways were first introduced to India in 1853 from Bombay to
Thane.
Indian Railways is the world's ninth largest commercial or
utility employer, by number of employees.
Railway signaling:
A signal is a mechanical or electrical device erected besides
are railway line to pass information relating to the state of the
line ahead to train.It is a system use to safely direct railway
traffic in order to prevent trains from colliding.
AUTOMATIC SIGNAL SYSTEM:TYPES OF SIGNAL:
BLOCK SIGNALTRAIN DETECTION FIXED SIGNALMECHANICAL SIGNALCOLOUR
LIGHT SIGNALCAB SIGNAL
INTERLOCKING:
An interlockingis an arrangement of signal apparatus that
prevents conflicting movements through an arrangement of tracks
such as junctions or crossings. Interlocking system used mechanical
device both to operated the signaling device and ensure their safe
operation.Electrical relay interlocking were used.
RRI means the station is interlocked and worked with control
panel located in RRI office.Control panel has a geometrical layout
of the entire yard controlled by route interlocking.Indication
Panel is the points setting of the route approach locking and
provides in front of the SM(panel).Points which is yard expect hand
operated points are power operated and worked from the RRI
cabin.Crank Handle Interlocking is the yard of the point machine
has been group into various group . One crank handle of a one group
can not be use on the point machine of another group. Track Circuit
on the indication panel are mark in different color and are provide
with indication lamp.
TYPE OF INTERLOCKING7. Relay is an electrical switch that open
and close under the control of another electrical signal.
Train Traffic control:
Railway control circuit are omnibus telephone circuits, which
provides communication with each train working point.They should
provide satisfactory and reliable communication between the
controller and various way side station , important signal cabin,
loco sheds, yard offices.Types of control system:
Section Control/Train ControlDeputy ControlTraction Loco
ControlS&T ControlEmergency ControlEmergency Wireless Control
Communication
Communication system:
The process of sending and receiving signal between two station
through different medium in known as communication system.In
communication system there are three essential components that
should be consider.Sending (Tx)Receiving (Rx) Medium
COMMUNICATION SYSTEM FOR RAILWAY
Optical Systems Microwave Systems Wireless Media Radio System
Telephone Systems Passenger Information Public Address Systems
Signal Post Telephones
Over Head communicationUnderground CommunicationMicrowave
CommunicationOptical Communication
OVER HEAD COMMUNICATION SYSTEMUNDERGROUND COMMUNICATION
SYSTEMMICROWAVE COMMUNICATION:Microwave communication system is to
transmitted information from one place to another place without
interruption and clear reproduction at the receiver.MICROWAVE
SYSTEMS
Microwave communication is line of signal radio communication.
Microwave communication can be analog or digital. Propagation Types
1.Ground wave propagation 2.Line of signal propagation 3.Sky wave
propagation
MICROWAVE TRANSMISSON:Microwave transmissionrefers to the
technology oftransmitting informationorenergyby the use
ofelectromagnetic waveswhosewavelengthsare conveniently measured in
small numbers of centimetre, these are calledmicrowaves. This part
of theradio spectrumranges acrossfrequenciesof roughly 1.0GHz to
30GHz.
OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION:Optical fiber communicationis a
method of transmitting information from one place to another by
sending pulses of light through anoptical fiber. The light forms an
electromagnetic carrier wave that is modulated to carry
information.
There is two types of optical fiber:OPTICAL FIBER:
SINGLE MODE OPTICAL FIBER is an optical fiber in which only the
lowest order bound mode can propagate at the wavelength of interest
typically 1300- 1320 nm.MULTI MODE OPTICAL FIBER is an optical
fiber in which light waves are dispersed into numerous path or
modes as travel through the cables core typically 850 or 1300
nm.
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