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CREDIT SEMINARCREDIT SEMINAR

ON

Nutrition & Common Management ofNutrition & Common Management ofPet BirdsPet Birds

Presented by,

.Course Teacher : Dr. B.S.Barmase

Course No. : PSC 624

(Credit: 0+1=1)

DEPARTMENT OF POULTRY SCIENCE,POST GRADUATE INSTITUTE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL

SCIENCES, AKOLA.(MAFSU, NAGPUR)


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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONTypes of Pet Birds

Bird Nutrition

Common management practices

Common Diseases


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CHOOSING A PET BIRD

Explore different types of pet bird.

There are many different types of birds that makes great petschoose for the characteristic they are most important to you.

Some birds can be handled, while others that are generally not

,

wonderful to watch, some likes to be cuddled and others just want

to be talk, some birds just like one person and others like

everybody.

Determine which will fit into your Household and lifestyle.


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WHY BIRD MAKE GOOD PETS :

Birds of all sorts make a wonderful pets !

Many birds enjoys close contact which makes many of them nicesocial and sometimes cuddly friends.

Some birds love to talk or sing to you, giving you friendship and

.

Birds like parrots will enjoy sharing meals, napping with you and

even showering with you.

Pet birds love to interact with their human companions.

Pet birds can be easily tamed and trained and alarming singles to

the owners/landlords


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AviaryCages


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BIRD HOUSE: Cage Living:

Bird cages should be placed in a draft free area that is well lit,

but not in direct sunlight. To make your birds feel secure and

comfortable keep their cage against a wall or in a corner, and at

eye level if you hang it from the ceiling. It is really nice if the cage

is easy to clean. Many bird cages have a slide out tray and an

easily removable grate. Aviary Living:

Aviaries are beneficial because they provide large areas for

birds, often with the intent of breeding. Aviaries can be either

indoors or outdoors.


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CAGES :

purpose of the appropriate cage is to improve the

physical and emotional security of the bird at all times. location of the cage in the home is important and depend

upon bird as some bird need lot of attention while others

prefer solitude and privacy. The door of the cage must be large.

Cage should be provided with a perch made up of tree

branch at proper height from floor.

The floor must be clean and free of any covering.


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Cage should be paint with lead free paint.

Most birds love a bath! A bath placed in the bottom of

the cage or mounted through a side door will allow smallbirds to bathe upon while Larger birds usually like a

light misting from a spray bottle 2 or 3 times a week

Bowls are needed for foods and treats, water, grit andcrushed shell

Toys provide entertainment as well as exercise and most

parrots like to chew. Perches, swings, ladders and toysall become objects of entertainment and chewing.


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PARROTS :


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African grey

parrot

Amazon parrots

Eclectus Parrot


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PARROTS

African Greys are the best-known parrot in Europe and perhapsthe best mimicking parrot. They are alert, highly intelligent,gentle and affectionate. African Greys have been referred to as

the perfect mix of brains and beauty.Able to learn a largevocabulary of 200 words with human-like inflections; love tolearn tricks and games.

Amazons arrots are stock lar er members of the arrot

family. They are playful, gentle, enjoy human interaction andlike to be the center of attention. Amazons are excellent talkers,very intelligent and should have lots of toys to keep them busy.

Eclectus parrots are Asiatic parrots from Australia and New

Guinea. They are among the most beautiful of the parrots, withthe kelly green male and brilliant red female often shy andusually calm and quiet in their cages and emit a loud Crrah!Sound


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CAIQUE


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CAIQUECaiques (ki-EEKS) are relatively small South American

members of the parrot family. They are entertaining,intelligent, outgoing, and active. They have good appetites

and love to chew on toys.Caiques are good at learning tricks, which is a good way to

channel their energy.

beauty of a larger parrot. Clown of the Parrot World Small Parrots

Quiet noisy, highly intelligent birds, extremely colorful birds

Caiques love special treat of Occasional walnut.Caiques are often found playing in their food bowls and

bathing in their water bowls.

They need lots of interaction with humans and time out of

their cages each day and will hop around the house.


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CANARY


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CANARY Canaries are found in Islands Canary Serinus canaria. Canaries are

well known for their beauty and varied colors. Male canaries are

popular for their sweet singing. Canaries do well when kept singly

or in pairs.

Male canaries are known for their singing; females chirp rather

than sin .

Male canaries should not be housed together.

Canaries are sensitive to chemicals; the slightest chemical

contamination can make them sick.

Canaries are very Social with good personalities and they are hard,docile and have low care requirements.


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COCKATIEL


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COCKATIEL

Cockatiels are small, crested members of the parrot family

and the worlds second most popular pet bird. Originating in

Australia, they are known for their mellow nature and easycare. Gray is the most common color.

Cockatiels are known for mimicking repetitive sounds and

noises and used in shows like circus,Magicians. Bond easily with their human companions and will follow

them everywhere and are Gentle Pets

Cockatiels make one of the best pets as they are low cost,

hardy, clean , intelligent gentle, inquisitive, playful, quiet and

adaptable, undemanding easily trained and bred.

Do not house with lovebirds as they are very aggressive birds.


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COCKATOO


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COCKATOO

Cockatoos, large members of the parrot family from Australia,are known for their impressive crests. One of the most

affectionate and loving of all parrots, they have a powerfulflock urge, and need to be treated as part of the family. Theyrequire a lot of attention and play time.

Cockatoos are hi hl intelli ent and in uisitive.

They are escape artists, so their cages need to be well-secured Cockatoos often show their mood with their crest: standing

straight up, moving up and down slowly, or sliding back,depending on how they are feeling emotionally

Cockatoos love being petted, hugged and snuggled, they areone of the most Long-lived parrots, extremely clean by natureand seldom become ill.


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CONURE


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CONURE

Originating from South America, naturally found in Mexico andCentral America to Carribean Islands. They do well with otherbirds.. There is a color variation called the Sunburst Conure whichis mostly yellow in color and slightly larger than a Sun Conure.

Like to chew, need lots of toys to chew on; need to be supervisedwhen out of cage and sedentary in captivity.

Require regular attention at least two hours daily; radio or TVw en pet parent s away prov es company; can e no sy exc teor ignored

Conures like to cuddle into something soft to go to sleep; somespecies fall asleep on their backs on the floor, which is completelynormal

Conures are smaller version of Macaws and popular for theirbeauty.


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DOVE& PIGEONDiamond doveMourning Dove

White tipped dove

Pigeons


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DOVE& PIGEON

Small, graceful birds of the pigeon family, doves are direct

descendants of the rock dove. They are gentle and affectionate

an has inhabited entire world except Polar regions.

Make a cooing sound and call pleasantly; shy, calm nature

has made them a Subtle personality

En o stretchin , reenin , sunbathin and dail attention

from people noted for their flying behaviors viz., aerialaerobatics, home instinct.

Ensure a dark area for your doves night sleep

Least expensive pets, Universal symbol of peace, love, andtranquility throughout history, sturt of these bird accompanied

with head nodding

Wing clipping is not recommended for Dove and Pigeon


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FINCHZebra Finch


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FINCH

Finches are small, gentle birds that originate in Africa, Asia

and Australia, and can now be found almost everywhere in the

world. Many people find their chattering to be pleasant.

Finches come in a dazzling variety of colors, and should

always be housed with at least one other finch, preferably

more.

Finches are virtually Hassle Free birds need the company ofother finches and are very neat & Quiet

Frequent, lovely pleasant chirping

They need roomy cages to fly Finches are perfect bird for today busy world as they are

undemanding and doesnt add an unwelcome burden to a busy

scheduled with limited space and time


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LORIES AND LORIKEET

Green Naped lorries


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LORIES AND LORIKEET

Lories and lorikeets have slender, wavy-edged beaks and

tongues with brushes used to gather pollen, nectar, and juices.

Lories have short tails; lorikeets have longer, pointed tails.

They are intelligent, active, playful, and friendly.Very clean, affectionate birds; need the company of other birds

Need to be ke t occu ied b rovidin dail attention and a

variety of toys Lories and Lorikeet can be very good talkers and known for

having super personalities.

Lories and Lorikeet are very playful birds and love to play withtoys, whatever else they get their beaks onto, perform lots of

Antics and a perfect show of bird


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MACAW


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MACAW

Macaws are native to Mexico and Central and South America and

are among the largest members of the parrot family. They come in

many vibrant colors, are sensitive, affectionate and intelligent

birds, with a loud voice. Macaws are social and require a lot of

attention.

,

outside of the cage for their physical and mental health They bond easily to their primary caregiver

Macaws chew aggressively and need a lot of stimulating toys

Their natural calls can be quite loud Macaws are favorite bird for trick training, great show bird, very

curious and spirited


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PARAKEET (BUDGERIGAR)


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PARAKEET (BUDGERIGAR)

Parakeets, also called budgerigars, are small members of the

parrot family and the most popular species of bird in the

United States. They are small and easy to care

Parakeets means long tail

Parakeets are talkers and even whistle, but their little voices

are sometimes hard to hear

Active and need daily time out of their habitats to interact withthe family

Enjoy a variety of chew toys; social and get along well with

their own kind for. Parakeets can become good talkers or

mimics.


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LOVEBIRD


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LOVEBIRD

Lovebirds are often considered the most beautiful of the small

parrot family. Originating from Africa, they are curious, energetic

and charming. Lovebirds come in a rainbow of colors.

Lovebirds love to chew on things and take baths

Lovebirds have a unique chatter and a naturally loud call

AVERAGE SIZE & LIFE SPAN :


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AVERAGE SIZE & LIFE SPAN :

Sr

No.

Name of Species Average Size (Inches) Life Span (Years)

with proper care

1. Parrot 10 or 14 inches long 40 -60+ or more

2. Caique 9 inches long 15 to 30 years

3. Canary 3 to 4 inches 10 + years

4. Cockatiel 11 to 14 inches long 25 years

. oc a oo o nc es + years

6. Conure 10 to 13 inches long 20+ years

7. Dove & Pigeons 7 to 12 inches 10 to 25 years

8. Finch 3 to 8 inches 10+ years

9. Lories and Lorikeet 5 to 13 inches long 13 to 22 years

10. Macaw 33 to 37 inches long 40+ years

11. Lovebird 4 to 7 inches 30 years

12. Parakeet (Budgerigar) 7 inches long 10 to 20 years

AVERAGE EGG WEIGHT NO OF EGGS LAID &


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AVERAGE EGG WEIGHT, NO OF EGGS LAID &

INCUBATION PERIOD :

Sr

No

Name of Species Incubation

period

No of eggs laid Weight of eggs

(gm)

1 African Grey Parrot 30 3-5 10-15

2 Caique 27 2-4 83 Canary 13-14 2-6 -

4 Cockatiel 18-20 3-9 4-5

5 Cockatoo 25-30 2-3 18-20

6 Conure 27 3-8 10-12

7 Dove & Pigeons 13-19 2 5-7

8 Finch 12-16 2-10 -

9 Lories and Lorikeet - - -

10 Macaw 26-28 2-3 20-25

11 Lovebird - - -

12 Parakeet(Budgerigar) 20 2 5

AVERAGE WEIGHT & CAGE SIZE


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AVERAGE WEIGHT & CAGE SIZE :

Sr No Name of Species Average Weight(gms) Cage Size(Wx Dx H)

1. African Grey Parrot 385-554 30" x 30" x 36"

2. Caique 145-170 24" x14" x 30"

3. Canary 110-200 24" x14" x 18"

4. Cockatiel 80-250 24" x 14" x 24"

" " ". -

6. Conure 130-170 24" x 24" x 30"

7. Dove & Pigeons 300-400 24" x 24" x 24"

8. Finch 10-16 24" x14 x18

9. Lories and Lorikeet 250-400 24" x 24" x 30"

10. Macaw 165-1100 36" x 36" x 60"

11. Lovebird 45-70 18" x 18" x 24"

12. Parakeet (Budgerigar) 50-145 18" x 18 x 24"

RECOMMENDED NUTRIENT'S REQUIREMENT


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RECOMMENDED NUTRIENT S REQUIREMENT

FOR PET BIRDS :

Nutrients Requirement

Metabolizable energy (Kcal/Kg) 2400-2800

Protein 20-24%

Arginine 1.3%

Isoleucine 1.1%

Lysine 1.2%

Methionine 0.5%

Methionine + cysteine 0.9%Threonine 0.95%

Tryptophan 0.24%

Linoleic acid 2.0%

Calcium 1.1%

Phosphorus 0.8%

Potassium 0.7%

Sodium 0.2%

Chlorine 0.2%The MERCK veterinary manual

Magnesium 0 15%


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Magnesium 0.15%

Manganese 65 ppm

Zinc 120 ppmIron 150 ppm

Copper 20 ppm

Iodine 1 ppm

Selenium 0.3 ppmVitamin K 4 ppm

Riboflavin 6 ppm

Pantothenic acid 20 ppm

Niacin 55 ppm

Vitamin B12 0.025 ppm

Choline 1,700 ppm

Biotin 0.3 ppm

Folacin 0.9 ppm

Thiamine 6 ppm

Pyridoxine 6 ppm

Vitamin A 8,000-10,000 IU/kg

Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) 2,000 IU/kg

Vitamin E 250 IU/kg


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AVIAN DIETS :

Insectivore % Wise

Ground dog food 23%

Steamed bone meal 5%

Ground trout pellets 4%

Protein supplement (casein-based 2%

Ground mynah bird pellets 8%

Super Caradee 6%

Frozen bird-of-prey diet 52%

Bird-of-prey diet should be thawed, and all ingredients mixed

thoroughly. The final product should have a crumbly texture and be

refrigerated or frozen for storage.

The MERCK veterinary manual

Small Fr gi ore g/kg of diet


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Small Frugivore g/kg of diet

Apple 470

Grape 110

Banana without skin 100

Currant 70

Tomato 50Papaya 50

Blueberry 50

Frugivore base mix (see below) 100

Apples and grapes should be mixed in a food processor (until in

small pieces but not soupy) and drained in a colander. Tomato,

papaya, and banana should be blended in a food processor. Pieces

should be small, but the mixture should not be soupy. All ingredientsshould be mixed thoroughly. The mixture can be refrigerated for up

to 3 days. Calculated analysis (dry-matter basis): 24% dry matter,

26% crude protein, 4% fat, 3.6% crude fiber, 7.7% ash, 1.49%

calcium, 0.76% phosphorus. The MERCK veterinary manual


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Large Frugivore g/kg of diet

Apple 480Banana without skin 200

Grape 100

Raisin (seedless) 50Blueberry 50

Frugivore base mix (see below) 120

Apple and banana should be chopped into pieces ~15 mm wide and

combined with all ingredients and mixed thoroughly until blended to a

thin applesauce-like consistency. Calculated analysis (dry-matter basis):

31% dry matter, 24% crude protein, 3.7% fat, 2.6% crude fiber, 7.2%ash, 1.4% calcium, 0.71% phosphorus.



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Large Psittacine % Wise

Seeds and nuts 20%

Fruit 25%

Greens 15%

Yellow vegetables 25%

Monkey biscuit or dry dog food 15%

Cuttlebone or mineral block free-choice


WHAT SHOULD I FED MY BIRDS ?


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WHAT SHOULD I FED MY BIRDS ?

Mainly nutritious food items including dried fruits, veggies,

herbs / greens and even superfoods, such as bee pollen.

Fruits, vegetables (including leafy greens), sprouted seeds

should account for approximately 20 - 25% of your bird's dietavoid pale vegetable as they are low in nutritious value

Wash your food for very thoroughly to remove pesticides,

insecticides and other toxins, and cut into manageable pieces

depending on the size of your bird.

Avoid avocado, which is highly toxic to birds in any shape

and form (including guacamole).

Sprouted or germinated seeds are usually more easilyaccepted and should be prefer as they supply ample of

proteins, vitamins, minerals, enzymes, and chlorophyll.


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Vitamin A deficiency is common in birds whose main diet

consist of seeds. Vitamin A naturally occur in dark leafy

vegetables.

Fruit Seeds : Pomegranates, figs, grapes, guavas, melons,

papaya

, , ,

peppers (green, red), pumpkins, Avoid milk products as most of bird lack the enzyme Lactase

Avoid Grain products such as cereal, bread and most of other

grain products are often fortified with iron, bird cant tolerateiron supplementation and they are susceptible to Iron

Overload Disease


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Incorporate plenty of calcium- rich foods (>1%) into yourbird diet.

Uncooked Beans such as lima, kidney, soybeans may causeVisceral gout and produce nutritional deficiencies.

Avoid artificial colors, preservatives and other chemicals to.

Raw vegetables like carrot and other veggies are full ofnatural enzymes and really aid in digestion.

Yogurt can be added to bird diet .

Major nutrient deficiencies in pet birds are : Ca 98%, Vit D97%, Vit A 67%, Vit E


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MOLTING IN BIRDS


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SPECIAL DIETARY FOR MOLTING BIRD

Molting birds should be fed with more quality proteins in the

diets as well done eggs, meat, cooked beans and rice for a

complete protein. Nuts are recommended for their additional protein and good

fat content needed for strong and lustrous feathers.

Flax seeds can be grind and sprinkled over food. Hemp seeds (Super seeds) as they offer a highest complete

amino acid profile with essential fatty acids and trace

minerals.

COMMON MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN PET


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COMMON MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN PET

BIRD : The birds are generally reared in enclosure or cages of usuallywire mesh or expanded metal.

Fly nuisance is the common problem in cages checked easily

by proper hygiene.

Feeding bowls has to be fixed at the level of back of the bird

.

Newly hatched cannot maintain body temperature as they lackfeathers which are excellent insulating materials besides they

have change from poikilothermic to homeothermic.

Feeding and watering should be done at 2-3 times a day withadditional food during training and taming as a award to them

to learn faster.


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CONT..

Birds should be assessed for hydration (crinkly skin around the

eyes or skin pinch that remains tented).

Grit is an important aid in helping certain birds, such as finches,

canaries etc to digest food but this does not apply to parrot as

parrot are with smaller exit opening from the stomach into the

,

blockage , shows neurological symptoms, weight loss. Birds should have exposed to a photoperiod of 12 hrs light and 12

hrs dark.

Bird Grooming and Nest box should be provided during Breeding Season

BIRD WEIGHT: AN INDICATOR OF


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GOOD HEALTH OR DISEASE

Weight gain : Fatty liver syndrome, Fatty tumors,

Metabolic problems, heart or liver problems

Obesity : egg binding, egg yolk peritonitis, lack of

exercise, inappropriate diet

Weight Loss : Heavy metal poisoining, infectious

disease, PDD (proventricular dilatation disease),

parasitic infection

COMMON DISEASES OF PET BIRDS


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Feather plucking Scaly face - mite infestation



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Sr .No Diseases Symptoms or Causes Suggested Action

1. Chlamydiosis Appetite loss, ruffled feathers,

nasal discharge.

Seek immediate veterinary

attention.

2. Diarrhoea Fecal portion of stool not

formed. Multiple causes, from

Ensure correct diet. Reduce

fruit intake.

parasites.3. Obesity Overfeeding or poor diet. Regulate amounts and

types of food.

4. Pox Mouth lesions, face scabs. Isolate bird;seek veterinary

attention.5. Lice or Feather

Mites

Restlessness, scratching, feather

picking.

Seek veterinary attention.

6. Mites (Scaly Face

and Leg Disease)

White deposits on eyes, beak,

legs, and feet

Seek veterinary attention.

Cont


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7. Trichomoniasis Trichomoniasis Masses in mouth

and throat area; decreased appetite;

loose droppings; shortness of

breath.

Consult a

veterinarian.

8. Conjunctivitis Red eyes; tearing; closed, puffy

eyes.

Wash eyes with

warm water

9. Feather Plucking Bird plucks own feathers; may be

due to boredom, poor diet or other

Relieve boredom

with attention, new

ness. toys, or space;

improve diet.

10. Proventricular

Dilatation Disease

Depression, weight loss,

passing undigested food

Seek immediate

veterinary attention

11. Polyoma Virus Anorexia, lethargy, weight loss,

sudden death

Seek veterinary

attention

12. Pneumonia Difficulty breathing, caused

by bacterial, viral, or fungal

infections.

Consult a

veterinarian for

treatment

ADMINISTERING MEDICATIONADMINISTERING MEDICATIONADMINISTERING MEDICATIONADMINISTERING MEDICATION


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ADMINISTERING MEDICATIONADMINISTERING MEDICATIONADMINISTERING MEDICATIONADMINISTERING MEDICATION

Drinking water:

Via a syringe (Disposable)

With bird's favorite mashedfood

DISEASES OF THE OLDER BIRD


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DISEASES OF THE OLDER BIRD

Arthritis- Look out for limping

Diabetes - overweight birds are more likely to develop

problems with blood glucose regulation

Cataracts : Bird develops progressive opacity of the lens(behind the iris). It may involve one or both eyes

Renal failure : more common roblems indicated b more

water consumption and more urine in droppings Diminished Immune Function: more susceptible to certain

bacterial, fungal, protozoal and viral infections.

Tumors: Lipomas (Parrots, cockatoos & budgies),

Fibromas (on the wing )

Heart failure: mainly cage-bound are more prone to.


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CONCLUSION :

Birds make good pet.

Birds can be housed in Cage and Aviary. Almost every common health problem can be

correc e y a comp e e a ance e .

Birds are easy to tamed and trained.


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