RRadio adio FFrequency requency IdIdentificationentification

Austin RutkowskiAustin RutkowskiNaomi Shaw Naomi Shaw

Jenelle MeekerJenelle MeekerMaggie KwongMaggie Kwong

AgendaAgenda

Introduction & Overview – AustinIntroduction & Overview – Austin Supply Chain Management Uses – Supply Chain Management Uses –

JenelleJenelle Other Current Uses – MaggieOther Current Uses – Maggie Future Uses, Issues & Conclusions – Future Uses, Issues & Conclusions –

NaomiNaomi

RFID in Use—Hollywood RFID in Use—Hollywood StyleStyle

Courtesy of Paramount Pictures

History of RFIDHistory of RFID

1939 - IFF transponder invented by 1939 - IFF transponder invented by the British the British

1945 - 1945 - Léon ThereminLéon Theremin invented an invented an espionage tool for the Soviet espionage tool for the Soviet governmentgovernment

1973 - 1973 - Mario CardulloMario Cardullo holds the holds the patent for the first RFID—a passive patent for the first RFID—a passive radio transponder with memoryradio transponder with memory

What Exactly is RFID?What Exactly is RFID?

Radio Frequency IdentificationRadio Frequency Identification ((RFIDRFID) is an ) is an automatic identificationautomatic identification method method

Relies on storing and remotely retrieving Relies on storing and remotely retrieving data using tags or data using tags or transponderstransponders

An RFID tag is a small object that can be An RFID tag is a small object that can be attached to or incorporated into:attached to or incorporated into: productsproducts animalsanimals peoplepeople

Types of RFID TagsTypes of RFID Tags

PassivePassive RFID tags have no internal RFID tags have no internal power supplypower supply

Semi-passiveSemi-passive RFID tags have a RFID tags have a small batterysmall battery

ActiveActive RFID tags have their own RFID tags have their own internal power source internal power source

Passive RFID TagsPassive RFID Tags Response is more than an ID number / Response is more than an ID number /

UPCUPC Can contain nonvolatile Can contain nonvolatile EEPROMEEPROM for for

storing datastoring data Lack of an onboard power supply means Lack of an onboard power supply means

that the device can be quite smallthat the device can be quite small The minute electrical current induced in The minute electrical current induced in

the antenna by the incoming radio the antenna by the incoming radio frequency signal provides just enough frequency signal provides just enough power for the tag activate and transmit power for the tag activate and transmit a responsea response

Least expensive RFID tagLeast expensive RFID tag

Semi-Passive RFID TagsSemi-Passive RFID Tags

Faster because they do not waste Faster because they do not waste time collecting power to transmit a time collecting power to transmit a responseresponse

Batteries make it difficult to place Batteries make it difficult to place permanentlypermanently

Much larger than passive tagsMuch larger than passive tags

www.wikipedia.org

Active RFID TagsActive RFID Tags

Active tags typically much more Active tags typically much more reliable reliable

More powerful and can function More powerful and can function against the elements and against the elements and interference such as radiation, interference such as radiation, water, electric shock, et ceterawater, electric shock, et cetera

Battery life lasts about 10-15 yearsBattery life lasts about 10-15 years About the size of a coinAbout the size of a coin

RFID and Supply Chain RFID and Supply Chain Management Management

Two values for inventory systems:Two values for inventory systems: Provides visibility of inventory Provides visibility of inventory

throughout supply chainthroughout supply chain Simplifies the acquisition process Simplifies the acquisition process

and helps to prevent or reduce and helps to prevent or reduce human errorshuman errors

www.googleimages.com

Wal-MartWal-Mart

Top 100 suppliers required to apply Top 100 suppliers required to apply RFID labels to all shipmentsRFID labels to all shipments

““Smart Shelves” and automatic, Smart Shelves” and automatic, hands-free managementhands-free management

Benefit for retailers and suppliersBenefit for retailers and suppliers Obstacles in applying the technologyObstacles in applying the technology

RFID!RFID!

Department of DefenseDepartment of Defense

Mandate for RFID tracking Mandate for RFID tracking GoalsGoals

Improve forecasting through better Improve forecasting through better visibilityvisibility

Increase accuracy of data and Increase accuracy of data and shipmentsshipments

3G tag - Combining RFID with GPS 3G tag - Combining RFID with GPS and satellite communicationsand satellite communications

Effects on AIS / Effects on AIS / AccountingAccounting

Shift in inventory costing method usedShift in inventory costing method used

Auditing the effectiveness of RFID related Auditing the effectiveness of RFID related controlscontrols

Influx of data produced in RFID systemInflux of data produced in RFID system

RFID in practiceRFID in practice

AICPA: AICPA: http://www.aicpa.org/pubs/jofa/nov2004/davis.htmhttp://www.aicpa.org/pubs/jofa/nov2004/davis.htm

Pet IdentificationPet Identification

How does it work?How does it work? BenefitsBenefits CostCost Data update Data update

requiredrequired Lack of RFID pet Lack of RFID pet

tag standards tag standards www.rfidnews.org/new

LivestockLivestock How does it work?How does it work? UsesUses

FeedingFeeding Disease controlDisease control BreedingBreeding

Endangered Endangered SpeciesSpecies UsesUses

Prevention of Prevention of poaching / poaching / exportingexporting

Tracking population Tracking population levellevel

www.rfidjournal.com

www.juicycoppertoes.com

Animal IdentificationAnimal Identification

Passport IdentificationPassport Identification

U. S. – RFID passports will be issued U. S. – RFID passports will be issued in October 2006in October 2006 ProsPros

ConvenientConvenient Difficult to fabricateDifficult to fabricate

ConsCons Privacy issuesPrivacy issues Security concernSecurity concern

Already in use in some countriesAlready in use in some countries www.engadget.com

Automatic Payment Automatic Payment MethodsMethods

RFID-based automatic toll payment

Contactless payment card – pass credit card with imbedded chip near terminal

Cash free / Wireless payment – no card or signature required

www.gilbarco.comwww.wikipedia.org

Future & Innovative UsesFuture & Innovative Uses Smartkey-style office “security”Smartkey-style office “security” Remote vehicle startRemote vehicle start

Already in use by Toyota PriusAlready in use by Toyota Prius Fully automated storesFully automated stores Traffic controlTraffic control Medical recordsMedical records Food expiry datesFood expiry dates Driver licensesDriver licenses Human implantsHuman implants RFID “toys”RFID “toys”

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RFID

www.google/images.com

Emergent Business Emergent Business ModelsModels

Manufacturing and provisionManufacturing and provision Supply chain managementSupply chain management Recycling and reclamationRecycling and reclamation Data warehousing / managementData warehousing / management Litigation / regulationLitigation / regulation

RFID Manufacturing Process (www.stanford.edu/organicelectronicslab)

Controversy & IssuesControversy & Issues

EthicsEthics LegalityLegality VulnerabilityVulnerability Environmental Environmental

health effectshealth effects ReliabilityReliability A plot to track A plot to track

our every moveour every move??????

Factors to Consider for Factors to Consider for Accounting and Business in Accounting and Business in

GeneralGeneral Controversy, Controversy,

arguments against usearguments against use Technical / Technical /

architectural architectural challengeschallenges

Trend in specific Trend in specific industries for use of industries for use of RFID RFID

Function and span of Function and span of RFIDRFID

Resources UtilizedResources Utilized Wikipedia: Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RFIDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RFID Design of a RFID case-based resource management system for warehouse operatioDesign of a RFID case-based resource management system for warehouse operatio

ns.ns.   By: Chow, Harry K.H.; Choy, King Lun; Lee, W.B.; Lau, K.C.. Expert Systems with    By: Chow, Harry K.H.; Choy, King Lun; Lee, W.B.; Lau, K.C.. Expert Systems with Applications, May2006, Vol. 30 Issue 4, p561-576, 16p.Applications, May2006, Vol. 30 Issue 4, p561-576, 16p.

Explosive RFID-tag growth projected in next 5 years.   Control Engineering, Explosive RFID-tag growth projected in next 5 years.   Control Engineering, Apr2006, Vol. 53 Issue 4, p28-28, 1/3p.Apr2006, Vol. 53 Issue 4, p28-28, 1/3p.

Graafstra, Amel. (2006) How to Create RFID Access for Your Front Door; Graafstra, Amel. (2006) How to Create RFID Access for Your Front Door; Extreme Extreme Tech: Build it, Tweak it, Know itTech: Build it, Tweak it, Know it; Available: ; Available: http://www.extremetech.com/article2/0,1697,1938953,00.asphttp://www.extremetech.com/article2/0,1697,1938953,00.asp

Kirk, Jeremy. (2006) RFID tags vulnerable to viruses, study says; Kirk, Jeremy. (2006) RFID tags vulnerable to viruses, study says; Computer WorldComputer World; ; Available:Available:http://www.computerworld.com/mobiletopics/mobile/story/0,10801,109560,00.hthttp://www.computerworld.com/mobiletopics/mobile/story/0,10801,109560,00.htmlml

Newitz, Annalee. (2006)The RFID Hacking Underground; Newitz, Annalee. (2006)The RFID Hacking Underground; WiredWired; Available: ; Available: http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/14.05/rfid.html.http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/14.05/rfid.html.

RFID. (2006) Definition of RFID RFID. (2006) Definition of RFID Wikipedia, the Free EncyclopediaWikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia; Available: ; Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RFID.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RFID.

RFID Privacy Issues and News. (2006) RFID 1984; Available: RFID Privacy Issues and News. (2006) RFID 1984; Available: http://www.spychips.com/.http://www.spychips.com/.

ID renders bar codes obsolete.ID renders bar codes obsolete.   By: Honaman, J. Craig. H&HN:    By: Honaman, J. Craig. H&HN: Hospitals & Health Hospitals & Health NetworksNetworks, Apr2006, Vol. 80 Issue 4, p14-14, 1/5p., Apr2006, Vol. 80 Issue 4, p14-14, 1/5p.

RFID Security Worries Need a Reality Check.   RFID Security Worries Need a Reality Check.   ComputerworldComputerworld, 5/1/2006, Vol. 40 , 5/1/2006, Vol. 40 Issue 18, p34-34, 3/4p.Issue 18, p34-34, 3/4p.

Risks of RFID.   Risks of RFID.   Communications of the ACMCommunications of the ACM, May2006, Vol. 49 Issue 5, p136-136, , May2006, Vol. 49 Issue 5, p136-136, 1p.1p.

Tuning in to RFID.   By: Borck, James R.. Tuning in to RFID.   By: Borck, James R.. InfoWorldInfoWorld, 4/17/2006, Vol. 28 Issue 16, , 4/17/2006, Vol. 28 Issue 16, p31-36, 5p.p31-36, 5p.

World’s First Mobile RFID Tag Encoder. (2006) World’s First Mobile RFID Tag Encoder. (2006) ADASA RFID InnovationADASA RFID Innovation; ; Available: http://www.adasainc.com/index.html.Available: http://www.adasainc.com/index.html.

Thank you!Thank you!

We now welcome questions We now welcome questions from the audience.from the audience.