Radicalize Rs

8/13/2019 Radicalize Rs

1/11

Study 2006-7/09 a

THE RADICALIZERS: THE ISLAMIST EXTREMISMTHREAT TO CANADA FROM WITHIN

S C IET2 6 2 5


2/11

UTIONTHIS REPORT IS ISSUED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE DIRECTOR CANADIANSECURITY INTELLIGENCE SERVICE T IS PROVIDED FOR THE iNFORMATION OFTHE RECIPIENTAND THOSE OF THE RECIPIENTS DEPARTMENT ORAGENCY WHOHAVE THE APPROPRIATE SECURITY CLEARANCE AND MAY BENEFIT FROMKNOWLEDGE OF ITS CONTENTSTHIS R PORT MAY BE PARAPHRASED AND USED INTERNAL DEPARTMENTALOR AGENCY CORRESPONDENCE NEITHER THE REPORT NOR ANY OF ITSCONTENTS SHOULD BE DISSEMINATEDOUTSIDE THE RECIPIENTS DEPARTMENTORAGENCY WITHOUT PRIOR CONSULTATION WITH CSIS THE DIRECTOR CSISSHOULD BE INFORMED OF ANY ACTION TAKEN BY A DEPARTMENT OR AGENCYBASED ON ITS CONTENTSTHIS DOCUMENT CONSTITUTES A RECORD WHICH MAY BE SUBJECT TOMANDATORY EXEMPTION UNDER THE ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACT OR THEPRIVACY ACT THE INFORMATION OR INTELLIGENCE MAY ALSO BE PROTECTEDBY THE PROVISIONS OF THE CANADA EVIDENCE ACT THE INFORMATION ORINTELLIGENCE MUST NOT BE DISCLOSED OR USED AS EVIDENCE WITHOUTPR OR CONSULTATIONWITH THE CANADIAN SECURITY INTELLIGENCE SERVICE


3/11

1 SECRETI

SUMMARYSummary Islam the second most widespread religion is comprised of Sunnis and Shia Muslims can befundamentalists Salafists Islamists or extremists and while all Salafists and Islamists are no textremists all extremists are Salafists and Islamists

adicalization is the process ofmoving from moderate mainstream Islamic belief to a li f thatviolence can legitimately be used to promote a fundamental view of Islam and an intolerance ofnon believers and impure Muslims Recruitment is the process of seeking new members to anorganization or a cause The sequence and speed ofthe process is unclear and there is no set pattern

Extremist Sunni Muslims appear to bemore actively radicalizing and recruiting than Shiite Muslims Some parents are radicalizing theirchildrenPeople are the key in the radicalization and recruitment processes

There are similarities and differences between extremist Sunni and Shiite Muslims in Canada


4/11


5/11


6/11

S R t

Section Two Radicalization vs Recruitment5. Radicalization is the process of moving from moderate beliefs to extremist beliefs. Muslimradicalization is the process ofmoving from moderate, mainstream Islamic beliefs to a elief thatviolence can legitimately be used to support and promote a fundamental view of Islam and anintolerance of both non believers and those deemed to be impure Muslims. The radicalizationprocess can be seen as a continuum, so that someone at the beginning of the radicalization processis not as extreme as someone who has been fully radicalized to the point of participating inviolence a jihadist rather than simply condoning it. Recruitment is the process of seeking newmembers to an organization or a cause. Individuals can be recruited to be radicalized and can berecruited anywhere along the radicalization process. Once in this process, they are more susceptibleto being recruited.6. While there is a certain understandingof the radicalization process, there are still manyquestionsabout how an individual changes from the kid next door to a suicide bomber or an extremiststaging a terrorist attack against a civilian target.

There is often discussion in the media and in security services of those who self radicalize; however, while the decision to radicalize is a personal choice, the completion of thetransition from a elief to actua l participation in extremist activities seems to occur after aninteraction with someone, whether in person or virtually, wherein the extremist is recruited. Thus,the human factor is critical.7. There are several factors or influences that may be part of the radicalization and recruitmentprocesses. Individuals may come into contact with persons of influence who are espousing anextremist view, they mayhave family orfriends who are radical, or theymay discover by themselvesInternetmaterial and discussion gmups that are extremist in nature.

8. The radicalization and recruitment process is facilitated at locations where extremists can moreeasily communicate their views, develop contacts and relationships with like minded individualsor meet those who are susceptible to influence.

For more on the r dic liz tion process see S S Study 2006 7 107 From Radicalization to Jihadization


7/11

S

S R T

oreign nfluence10. Radicalization and recruitment are influenced by what is happening abroad in the larger Muslimcommunity. A key radicalizing factor is a desire to help the Muslim community and to defendMuslims who are perceived as being under attack from the West. The conflicts in Afghanistan, Iraqand other areas are often cited as justification forjihad. In addition, direct connections to overseasextremist organizations can provide influence through the facilitationoftraining and other logisticalor material support. Some states are believed to be assisting in this radicalization, either knowinglyor unwittingly.

11. In addition, some states actively support extremism through direct support for terrorist groups,

International Phenomenon and the Rise of Homegrown xtremism12. Since the 2001 09 terrorist attacks in the US, the threat from Islamist extremism has bothincreased and changed. While the 2001 attacks were undertaken by core AL QAEDA AQ recruitswho were trained, financed and directed by AQ, the intervening years have seen attacks transitionfrom being undertaken by core AQ members, to those affiliated with AQ, to those inspired by AQ.The newest threat is from locally born youth or those who moved to the West at a young age whoare inspired by the idea of a global jihad to fight against what they perceive as Western aggressionagainst Muslims. Often called homegrown, these individuals are being radicalized, recruited and


8/11

S RT

organized Locally often without ever leaving their country They have no apparent links to formalterrorist organizations and are usually organized into nothing more formal than a close knit groupof like minded friends or associates who believe in the sam e cause The emergence of successiveand different models of global jihad supporters does not mean that each new one has supplantedthe previous ones; different versions can exist concomitantly defying the ability to create a tem plate

13 The issue of homegrown terrorism is of growing concern for most Western nations includingCanada

In 2004 11 Dutch filmmaker and provocative critic of Islam Theo van GOGH wasmurdered by Mohammed BOUYERI who was later found to be the leader of a Dutch Islamistextremist group In 2006 03 a Dutch court convicted nine other Muslims ofbelonging to this sameHOFS TA D group On 2005 07 07 a group of four local British men succeeded in implementing asuicide terrorist attack on London transi t system killing 56 people and wounding more than 700In 2005 11 Australian police arrested 18 Australian citizens who were stockpiLing chemicals andweapons for an attack on an undetermined target in Australia In Canada 18 radicalized Muslim swere arrested over the summer of 2006 disrupting their plans to detonate bombs in downtownTo ronto In 2006 09 seven men were arrested inDenmark suspected ofplanning terrorist bombings in the second major anti terrorism raid in thatcountry in less than a year14 Radica lization is not a new phenom enon in Canada as a number of extremist movem ents havetaken root and prospered here including Armenian extremists Sikh extremists and aborig ina lextremists Islamist extremism the current primary threa t a lso has a long history in Canada Whathas changed however is the nature this extremism which has moved from the support ac tivi tiesof fundraising consciousness rais ing procurem ent and rec ruitment to encom pass a new genre ofextremists who are prepared to carry out ter rorism in their hom e or adopted countries as wasdemonstrated in London and Madrid This new generation is inspired by the AQ message and iswilling to ac t upon it even if they do not consider themselves part of AQ or its affiliates


9/11

10 SE RET

Section Five Findings

27. Individuals have been radicalized in Canada and recruited to participate in terrorist activity bothin Canada and abroad as well as to fight in Iraq.


10/11

11 S RT

Extremist SunniMuslims are more active in radicalizing and recruiting than Shiite Muslims whose activi ties appearlim ited to recruiting for fundraising28 People are key in the radicalization process and in recru itment. I t is the individual who deliversthe radical message

it is this message that fur the r guides the lis tener along the path ofradicalization to an extreme view of Islam or to be recruited to wage jihad. The vast ma jority ofcases point to the importance of the influence of the individual who is guiding or leading the process.

3 There are both sim ilarities and differences between extremist Sunni and Shiite Muslims inCanada. Sunni Islamist extremists aim to radicalize indiv iduals to become supporters or participantsin a global jihad. They believe they are war with the West and have brought the fight to the Westsee ing Canada and other Western countries as legit imate targets where terrorist acts can be plannedand executed.

Shiite extremistsare mainly involved in fhndraising and other support activities to assist the Shiite activ ities in theirhome country


11/11

Documents

Radicalize Rs