Radiative Forcing of the Stratosphere of Jupiter:From Voyager to Cassini

Xi Zhang1, C. A. Nixon2, R. Shia1, R. A. West3, R. Morales-Juberias4, R. Cosentino4, P. G. Irwin5, T.

Dowling6, M. A. Allen3, & Y. L. Yung1

1Caltech; 2NASA GSFC/University of Maryland; 3JPL; 4New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology; 5University of Oxford;

6University of Louisville

H2-H2

H2-HeCH4

C2H2

C2H6

…

Shortwave Heating Longwave Cooling

CH4

Aerosol

Radiative Forcing

Voyager Era (IRIS)

Cassini Era (CIRS)

Cooling Rates

Cassini Voyager

Global Mean Energy Balance

Aerosol Retrieval (ISS) Equator

CB3

MT3

UV1

Aerosol Retrieval (ISS) Mid-Latitude

CB3

MT3

UV1

Aerosol Retrieval (ISS) North Pole

CB3

MT3

UV1

Heating Rates

CH4 Only CH4 + Aerosol

Global Mean Energy Balance

Cassini Voyager

Radiative Forcing

Radiative Time Constant

Conrath et al. (1990) This work