RAD LA-130 Product Manual

8/11/2019 RAD LA-130 Product Manual

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LA-130DSL Cell-site Gateway

Version 4.5

INSTALLATIONAND

OPERATIONMANUAL

The Access Company


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LA-130DSL Cell-site Gateway

Version 4.5

Installation and Operation Manual

Notice

This manual contains information that is proprietary to RAD Data Communications Ltd. ("RAD").No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form whatsoever without prior writtenapproval by RAD Data Communications.

Right, title and interest, all information, copyrights, patents, know-how, trade secrets and other

intellectual property or other proprietary rights relating to this manual and to the LA-130 andany software components contained therein are proprietary products of RAD protected underinternational copyright law and shall be and remain solely with RAD.

The LA-130 product name is owned by RAD. No right, license, or interest to such trademark isgranted hereunder, and you agree that no such right, license, or interest shall be asserted byyou with respect to such trademark. The RAD name, logo, logotype, and the terms EtherAccess,TDMoIP and TDMoIP Driven, and the product names Optimux and IPmux, are registeredtrademarks of RAD Data Communications Ltd. All other trademarks are the property of theirrespective holders.

You shall not copy, reverse compile or reverse assemble all or any portion of the Manual or theLA-130. You are prohibited from, and shall not, directly or indirectly, develop, market, distribute,license, or sell any product that supports substantially similar functionality as the LA-130, basedon or derived in any way from the LA-130. Your undertaking in this paragraph shall survive thetermination of this Agreement.

This Agreement is effective upon your opening of the LA-130 package and shall continue untilterminated. RAD may terminate this Agreement upon the breach by you of any term hereof.Upon such termination by RAD, you agree to return to RAD the LA-130 and all copies andportions thereof.

For further information contact RAD at the address below or contact your local distributor.

International Headquarters

RAD Data Communications Ltd.

24 Raoul Wallenberg StreetTel Aviv 69719, IsraelTel: 972-3-6458181Fax: 972-3-6498250, 6474436E-mail: [email protected]

North America Headquarters

RAD Data Communications Inc.

900 Corporate DriveMahwah, NJ 07430, USATel: (201) 5291100, Toll free: 1-800-4447234Fax: (201) 5295777E-mail: [email protected]

19892008 RAD Data Communications Ltd. Publication No. 730-200-05/08
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Limited Warranty

RAD warrants to DISTRIBUTOR that the hardware in the LA-130 to be delivered hereunder shallbe free of defects in material and workmanship under normal use and service for a period oftwelve (12) months following the date of shipment to DISTRIBUTOR.

If, during the warranty period, any component part of the equipment becomes defective byreason of material or workmanship, and DISTRIBUTOR immediately notifies RAD of such defect,RAD shall have the option to choose the appropriate corrective action: a) supply a replacementpart, or b) request return of equipment to its plant for repair, or c) perform necessary repair atthe equipment's location. In the event that RAD requests the return of equipment, each partyshall pay one-way shipping costs.

RAD shall be released from all obligations under its warranty in the event that the equipment hasbeen subjected to misuse, neglect, accident or improper installation, or if repairs ormodifications were made by persons other than RAD's own authorized service personnel, unlesssuch repairs by others were made with the written consent of RAD.

The above warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, expressed or implied. There are nowarranties which extend beyond the face hereof, including, but not limited to, warranties of

merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, and in no event shall RAD be liable forconsequential damages.

RAD shall not be liable to any person for any special or indirect damages, including, but notlimited to, lost profits from any cause whatsoever arising from or in any way connected with themanufacture, sale, handling, repair, maintenance or use of the LA-130, and in no event shallRAD's liability exceed the purchase price of the LA-130.

DISTRIBUTOR shall be responsible to its customers for any and all warranties which it makesrelating to LA-130 and for ensuring that replacements and other adjustments required inconnection with the said warranties are satisfactory.

Software components in the LA-130 are provided "as is" and without warranty of any kind. RADdisclaims all warranties including the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for aparticular purpose. RAD shall not be liable for any loss of use, interruption of business or

indirect, special, incidental or consequential damages of any kind. In spite of the above RADshall do its best to provide error-free software products and shall offer free Software updatesduring the warranty period under this Agreement.

RAD's cumulative liability to you or any other party for any loss or damages resulting from anyclaims, demands, or actions arising out of or relating to this Agreement and the LA-130 shall notexceed the sum paid to RAD for the purchase of the LA-130. In no event shall RAD be liable forany indirect, incidental, consequential, special, or exemplary damages or lost profits, even if RADhas been advised of the possibility of such damages.

This Agreement shall be construed and governed in accordance with the laws of the State ofIsrael.

Product DisposalTo facilitate the reuse, recycling and other forms of recovery of wasteequipment in protecting the environment, the owner of this RAD product isrequired to refrain from disposing of this product as unsorted municipalwaste at the end of its life cycle. Upon termination of the units use,customers should provide for its collection for reuse, recycling or other formof environmentally conscientious disposal.


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General Safety Instructions

The following instructions serve as a general guide for the safe installation and operation oftelecommunications products. Additional instructions, if applicable, are included inside themanual.

Safety Symbols

This symbol may appear on the equipment or in the text. It indicates potential

safety hazards regarding product operation or maintenance to operator or service

personnel.

Danger of electric shock Avoid any contact with the marked surface while the

product is energized or connected to outdoor telecommunication lines.

Protective ground: the marked lug or terminal should be connected to the buildingprotective ground bus.

Some products may be equipped with a laser diode. In such cases, a label with the

laser class and other warnings as applicable will be attached near the optical

transmitter. The laser warning symbol may be also attached.

Please observe the following precautions:

Before turning on the equipment, make sure that the fiber optic cable is intact

and is connected to the transmitter.

Do not attempt to adjust the laser drive current.

Do not use broken or unterminated fiber-optic cables/connectors or look

straight at the laser beam.

The use of optical devices with the equipment will increase eye hazard.

Use of controls, adjustments or performing procedures other than those

specified herein, may result in hazardous radiation exposure.

ATTENTION: The laser beam may be invisible

In some cases, the users may insert their own SFP laser transceivers into the product. Users arealerted that RAD cannot be held responsible for any damage that may result if non-compliant

transceivers are used. In particular, users are warned to use only agency approved products thatcomply with the local laser safety regulations for Class 1 laser products.

Always observe standard safety precautions during installation, operation and maintenance ofthis product. Only qualified and authorized service personnel should carry out adjustment,maintenance or repairs to this product. No installation, adjustment, maintenance or repairsshould be performed by either the operator or the user.

Warning

Warning


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Handling Energized Products

General Safety Practices

Do not touch or tamper with the power supply when the power cord is connected. Line voltagesmay be present inside certain products even when the power switch (if installed) is in the OFFposition or a fuse is blown. For DC-powered products, although the voltages levels are usuallynot hazardous, energy hazards may still exist.

Before working on equipment connected to power lines or telecommunication lines, removejewelry or any other metallic object that may come into contact with energized parts.

Unless otherwise specified, all products are intended to be grounded during normal use.Grounding is provided by connecting the mains plug to a wall socket with a protective groundterminal. If a ground lug is provided on the product, it should be connected to the protectiveground at all times, by a wire with a diameter of 18 AWG or wider. Rack-mounted equipmentshould be mounted only in grounded racks and cabinets.

Always make the ground connection first and disconnect it last. Do not connect

telecommunication cables to ungrounded equipment. Make sure that all other cables aredisconnected before disconnecting the ground.

Connecting AC Mains

Make sure that the electrical installation complies with local codes.

Always connect the AC plug to a wall socket with a protective ground.

The maximum permissible current capability of the branch distribution circuit that supplies powerto the product is 16A. The circuit breaker in the building installation should have high breakingcapacity and must operate at short-circuit current exceeding 35A.

Always connect the power cord first to the equipment and then to the wall socket. If a power

switch is provided in the equipment, set it to the OFF position. If the power cord cannot bereadily disconnected in case of emergency, make sure that a readily accessible circuit breaker oremergency switch is installed in the building installation.

In cases when the power distribution system is IT type, the switch must disconnect both polessimultaneously.

Connecting DC Power

Unless otherwise specified in the manual, the DC input to the equipment is floating in referenceto the ground. Any single pole can be externally grounded.

Due to the high current capability of DC power systems, care should be taken when connectingthe DC supply to avoid short-circuits and fire hazards.

DC units should be installed in a restricted access area, i.e. an area where access is authorizedonly to qualified service and maintenance personnel.

Make sure that the DC power supply is electrically isolated from any AC source and that theinstallation complies with the local codes.

The maximum permissible current capability of the branch distribution circuit that supplies powerto the product is 16A. The circuit breaker in the building installation should have high breakingcapacity and must operate at short-circuit current exceeding 35A.


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there are restrictions on the diameter of wires in the telecom cables, between the equipmentand the mating connectors.

To reduce the risk of fire, use only No. 26 AWG or larger telecommunication linecords.

Pour rduire les risques sincendie, utiliser seulement des conducteurs detlcommunications 26 AWG ou de section suprieure.

Some ports are suitable for connection to intra-building or non-exposed wiring or cabling only. Insuch cases, a notice will be given in the installation instructions.

Do not attempt to tamper with any carrier-provided equipment or connection hardware.

Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)

The equipment is designed and approved to comply with the electromagnetic regulations ofmajor regulatory bodies. The following instructions may enhance the performance of theequipment and will provide better protection against excessive emission and better immunityagainst disturbances.

A good ground connection is essential. When installing the equipment in a rack, make sure toremove all traces of paint from the mounting points. Use suitable lock-washers and torque. If anexternal grounding lug is provided, connect it to the ground bus using braided wire as short aspossible.

The equipment is designed to comply with EMC requirements when connecting it with unshieldedtwisted pair (UTP) cables. However, the use of shielded wires is always recommended, especiallyfor high-rate data. In some cases, when unshielded wires are used, ferrite cores should beinstalled on certain cables. In such cases, special instructions are provided in the manual.

Disconnect all wires which are not in permanent use, such as cables used for one-timeconfiguration.

The compliance of the equipment with the regulations for conducted emission on the data linesis dependent on the cable quality. The emission is tested for UTP with 80 dB longitudinalconversion loss (LCL).

Unless otherwise specified or described in the manual, TNV-1 and TNV-3 ports provide secondaryprotection against surges on the data lines. Primary protectors should be provided in the buildinginstallation.

The equipment is designed to provide adequate protection against electro-static discharge (ESD).However, it is good working practice to use caution when connecting cables terminated withplastic connectors (without a grounded metal hood, such as flat cables) to sensitive data lines.

Before connecting such cables, discharge yourself by touching ground or wear an ESD preventivewrist strap.

Caution

Attention


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FCC-15 User Information

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits of the Class A digital device,pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protectionagainst harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This

equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and usedin accordance with the Installation and Operation manual, may cause harmful interference to theradio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmfulinterference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his ownexpense.

Canadian Emission Requirements

This Class A digital apparatus meets all the requirements of the Canadian Interference-CausingEquipment Regulation.

Cet appareil numrique de la classe A respecte toutes les exigences du Rglement sur le matriel

brouilleur du Canada.

Warning per EN 55022 (CISPR-22)

This is a class A product. In a domestic environment, this product may cause radiointerference, in which case the user will be required to take adequate measures.

Cet appareil est un appareil de Classe A. Dans un environnement rsidentiel, cetappareil peut provoquer des brouillages radiolectriques. Dans ces cas, il peut tredemand lutilisateur de prendre les mesures appropries.

Das vorliegende Gert fllt unter die Funkstrgrenzwertklasse A. In Wohngebietenknnen beim Betrieb dieses Gertes Rundfunkstrrungen auftreten, fr derenBehebung der Benutzer verantwortlich ist.

Warning

Avertissement

Achtung


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F

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Mise au rebut du produit

Afin de faciliter la rutilisation, le recyclage ainsi que d'autres formes dercupration d'quipement mis au rebut dans le cadre de la protection del'environnement, il est demand au propritaire de ce produit RAD de ne pas

mettre ce dernier au rebut en tant que dchet municipal non tri, une foisque le produit est arriv en fin de cycle de vie. Le client devrait proposer dessolutions de rutilisation, de recyclage ou toute autre forme de mise au rebutde cette unit dans un esprit de protection de l'environnement, lorsqu'il aurafini de l'utiliser.

Instructions gnrales de scurit

Les instructions suivantes servent de guide gnral d'installation et d'opration scurises desproduits de tlcommunications. Des instructions supplmentaires sont ventuellementindiques dans le manuel.

Symboles de scurit

Ce symbole peut apparaitre sur l'quipement ou dans le texte. Il indique des risques

potentiels de scurit pour l'oprateur ou le personnel de service, quant

l'opration du produit ou sa maintenance.

Danger de choc lectrique Evitez tout contact avec la surface marque tant que le

produit est sous tension ou connect des lignes externes de tlcommunications.

Mise la terre de protection : la cosse ou la borne marque devrait tre connecte la prise de terre de protection du btiment.

Avertissement


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Certains produits peuvent tre quips d'une diode laser. Dans de tels cas, une

tiquette indiquant la classe laser ainsi que d'autres avertissements, le cas chant,

sera jointe prs du transmetteur optique. Le symbole d'avertissement laser peut

aussi tre joint.

Veuillez observer les prcautions suivantes :

Avant la mise en marche de l'quipement, assurez-vous que le cble de fibre

optique est intact et qu'il est connect au transmetteur.

Ne tentez pas d'ajuster le courant de la commande laser.

N'utilisez pas des cbles ou connecteurs de fibre optique casss ou sans

terminaison et n'observez pas directement un rayon laser.

L'usage de priphriques optiques avec l'quipement augmentera le risque pour

les yeux.

L'usage de contrles, ajustages ou procdures autres que celles spcifies ici

pourrait rsulter en une dangereuse exposition aux radiations.

ATTENTION : Le rayon laser peut tre invisible

Les utilisateurs pourront, dans certains cas, insrer leurs propres metteurs-rcepteurs Laser SFPdans le produit. Les utilisateurs sont avertis que RAD ne pourra pas tre tenue responsable detout dommage pouvant rsulter de l'utilisation d'metteurs-rcepteurs non conformes. Plusparticulirement, les utilisateurs sont avertis de n'utiliser que des produits approuvs parl'agence et conformes la rglementation locale de scurit laser pour les produits laser declasse 1.

Respectez toujours les prcautions standards de scurit durant l'installation, l'opration et lamaintenance de ce produit. Seul le personnel de service qualifi et autoris devrait effectuerl'ajustage, la maintenance ou les rparations de ce produit. Aucune opration d'installation,d'ajustage, de maintenance ou de rparation ne devrait tre effectue par l'oprateur oul'utilisateur.

Manipuler des produits sous tension

Rgles gnrales de scurit

Ne pas toucher ou altrer l'alimentation en courant lorsque le cble d'alimentation est branch.Des tensions de lignes peuvent tre prsentes dans certains produits, mme lorsque lecommutateur (s'il est install) est en position OFF ou si le fusible est rompu. Pour les produitsaliments par CC, les niveaux de tension ne sont gnralement pas dangereux mais des risquesde courant peuvent toujours exister.

Avant de travailler sur un quipement connect aux lignes de tension ou de tlcommunications,retirez vos bijoux ou tout autre objet mtallique pouvant venir en contact avec les pices soustension.

Sauf s'il en est autrement indiqu, tous les produits sont destins tre mis la terre durant

l'usage normal. La mise la terre est fournie par la connexion de la fiche principale une prisemurale quipe d'une borne protectrice de mise la terre. Si une cosse de mise la terre estfournie avec le produit, elle devrait tre connecte tout moment une mise la terre deprotection par un conducteur de diamtre 18 AWG ou plus. L'quipement mont en chssis nedevrait tre mont que sur des chssis et dans des armoires mises la terre.

Branchez toujours la mise la terre en premier et dbranchez-la en dernier. Ne branchez pas descbles de tlcommunications un quipement qui n'est pas mis la terre. Assurez-vous quetous les autres cbles sont dbranchs avant de dconnecter la mise la terre.

Avertissement


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Connexion au courant du secteur

Assurez-vous que l'installation lectrique est conforme la rglementation locale.

Branchez toujours la fiche de secteur une prise murale quipe d'une borne protectrice de mise la terre.

La capacit maximale permissible en courant du circuit de distribution de la connexion alimentantle produit est de 16A. Le coupe-circuit dans l'installation du btiment devrait avoir une capacitleve de rupture et devrait fonctionner sur courant de court-circuit dpassant 35A.

Branchez toujours le cble d'alimentation en premier l'quipement puis la prise murale. Si uncommutateur est fourni avec l'quipement, fixez-le en position OFF. Si le cble d'alimentation nepeut pas tre facilement dbranch en cas d'urgence, assurez-vous qu'un coupe-circuit ou undisjoncteur d'urgence facilement accessible est install dans l'installation du btiment.

Le disjoncteur devrait dconnecter simultanment les deux ples si le systme de distribution decourant est de type IT.

Connexion d'alimentation CC

Sauf s'il en est autrement spcifi dans le manuel, l'entre CC de l'quipement est flottante parrapport la mise la terre. Tout ple doit tre mis la terre en externe.

A cause de la capacit de courant des systmes alimentation CC, des prcautions devraienttre prises lors de la connexion de l'alimentation CC pour viter des courts-circuits et des risquesd'incendie.

Les units CC devraient tre installes dans une zone accs restreint, une zone o l'accs n'estautoris qu'au personnel qualifi de service et de maintenance.

Assurez-vous que l'alimentation CC est isole de toute source de courant CA (secteur) et quel'installation est conforme la rglementation locale.

La capacit maximale permissible en courant du circuit de distribution de la connexion alimentantle produit est de 16A. Le coupe-circuit dans l'installation du btiment devrait avoir une capacitleve de rupture et devrait fonctionner sur courant de court-circuit dpassant 35A.

Avant la connexion des cbles d'alimentation en courant CC, assurez-vous que le circuit CC n'estpas sous tension. Localisez le coupe-circuit dans le tableau desservant l'quipement et fixez-leen position OFF. Lors de la connexion de cbles d'alimentation CC, connectez d'abord leconducteur de mise la terre la borne correspondante, puis le ple positif et en dernier, leple ngatif. Remettez le coupe-circuit en position ON.

Un disjoncteur facilement accessible, adapt et approuv devrait tre intgr l'installation dubtiment.

Le disjoncteur devrait dconnecter simultanment les deux ples si l'alimentation en courant CCest flottante.


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Declaration of Conformity

Manufacturer's Name: RAD Data Communications Ltd.

Manufacturer's Address: 24 Raoul Wallenberg St., Tel Aviv69719, Israel

declares that the product:

Product Name: LA-130

conforms to the following standard(s) or other normative document(s):

EMC: EN 55022:1998 +A1:2000, A2:2003

Information technology equipment Radio disturbance characteristics Limits and methods of measurement.

EN 55024:1998 +A1:2001, A2:2003

Information technology equipment Immunity characteristics Limits and

methods of measurement

EN 61000-3-2:2000 +A2:2005

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) -Part 3-2: Limits - Limits for harmoniccurrent emissions (equipment inputcurrent up to and including 16A perphase)

EN 61000-3-3:1995 +A1:2001

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) -Part 3-3: Limits - Limitation of voltagechanges, voltage fluctuations andflicker in public low-voltage supplysystems, for equipment with ratedcurrent16A per phase and not subject

to conditional connection.

Safety: EN 60950-1:2001 +A11:2004

Information technology equipment Safety Part 1: General requirements.

Supplementary Information:

The product herewith complies with the requirements of the EMC Directive 2004/108/EC, theLow Voltage Directive 2006/95/EC and the R&TTE Directive 99/5/EC for wired equipment. Theproduct was tested in a typical configuration

Tel Aviv, 3 April 2008

Haim Karshen

VP Quality

European Contact: RAD Data Communications GmbH, Otto-Hahn-Str. 28-30, 85521Ottobrunn-Riemerling, Germany


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Glossary

AAL (ATM Adaptation

Layer)

A collection of standardized protocols that adapt user traffic tothe cell format. The AAL is subdivided into the Convergence

Sublayer (CS) and the Segmentation and Reassembly (SAR)sublayer. There are several types of AALs (AAL1, AAL2, AAL3/4 andAAL5) to support the various AAL service classes.

Address

A coded representation of the origin or destination of data.

Agent

In SNMP, this refers to the managed system.

AIS (Alarm Indication

Signal)

One of the OAM function types used for fault management (seealso CC).

Analog

A continuous wave or signal (such as human voice).

ANSI

American National Standards Institute.

ATM (Asynchronous

Transfer Mode)

A standard (ITU) implementation of cell relay, which is a packetswitching technique using packets (cells) of a fixed length. It isasynchronous in the sense that the recurrence of cells containinginformation from an individual user is not periodic. ATM is used fortransmission of integrated services, broadband switching andmultiplexing with high performance and cost effectiveness undercertain QoS guarantees.

Attenuation

Signal power loss through equipment, lines or other transmission

devices. Measured in decibels.

AWG

The American Wire Gauge System, which specifies wire width.

Balanced

A transmission line in which voltages on the two conductors areequal in magnitude, but opposite in polarity, with respect toground.

Bandwidth

The range of frequencies passing through a given circuit. Thegreater the bandwidth, the more information can be sent throughthe circuit in a given amount of time.

Baud

Unit of signaling speed equivalent to the number of discreteconditions or events per second. If each signal event representsonly one bit condition, baud rate equals bps (bits per second).

Bipolar

Signaling method in E1/T1 representing a binary 1 by alternatingpositive and negative pulses, and a binary 0 by absence ofpulses.

Bit

The smallest unit of information in a binary system. Representseither a one or zero (1 or 0).


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bps (Bits Per Second)

A measure of data transmission rate in serial transmission.

Bridge

A device interconnecting local area networks at the OSI data linklayer, filtering and forwarding frames according to media accesscontrol (MAC) addresses.

Buffer A storage device. Commonly used to compensate for differencesin data rates or event timing when transmitting from one device toanother. Also used to remove jitter.

Bus

A transmission path or channel. A bus is typically an electricalconnection with one or more conductors, where all attacheddevices receive all transmissions at the same time.

Byte

A group of bits (normally 8 bits in length).

Carrier

A continuous signal at a fixed frequency that is capable of beingmodulated with a second (information carrying) signal.

CC (Continuity Check) A frame used periodically to check whether a connection is idle orhas failed. Continuity checking is one of the OAM function typesfor fault management.

Cell

The 53-byte basic information unit within an ATM network. Theuser traffic is segmented into cells at the source and reassembledat the destination. An ATM cell consists of a 5-byte ATM headerand a 48-byte ATM payload, which contains the user data.

Channel

A path for electrical transmission between two or more points.Also called a link, line, circuit or facility.

Circuit Emulation

In ATM, a connection over a virtual circuit-based network providingservice to the end users that is indistinguishable from a real point-

to point, fixed-bandwidth circuit.

Circuit Emulation

Service

New technology for offering circuit emulation services overpacket-switched networks. The service offers traditional TDMtrunking (at n x 64 kbps, fractional E1/T1, E1/T1 or E3/T3) over arange of transport protocols, including Internet Protocol (IP), MPLSand Ethernet.

Clock

A term for the source(s) of timing signals used in synchronoustransmission.

Congestion

A state in which the network is overloaded and starts to discarduser data (frames, cells or packets).

Constant Bit Rate See CBR.

CRC (Cyclic Redundancy

Check)

A data transmission error-detection scheme. A polynomialalgorithm is performed on the data, and the resultant checksum isappended at the end of the frame. The receiving equipmentperforms a similar algorithm.


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Crosstalk

An undesirable condition that happens when a communicationfrom one line can be heard on another independent line. This isusually caused by inductive or capacitive coupling, or by anelectrical short circuit between adjacent lines.

Current Loop

Method of data transmission. A mark (binary 1) is represented

by current on the line, and a space (binary 0) is represented bythe absence of current.

Data

Information represented in digital form, including voice, text,facsimile and video.

Data Link Layer

Layer 2 of the OSI model. The entity, which establishes, maintains,and releases data-link connections between elements in anetwork. Layer 2 is concerned with the transmission of units ofinformation, or frames, and associated error checking.

dBm

A measure of power in communications: the decibel in referenceto one milliwatt (0 dBm = 1 milliwatt and -30 dBm = .001milliwatt).

Decibel

See dB.

Diagnostics

The detection and isolation of a malfunction or mistake in acommunications device, network or system.

Differential Delay

Differential delay is caused when traffic is split over different linesthat may traverse shorter and longer paths. Products like the RADIMX-2T1/E1 inverse multiplexer compensate for any differentialdelay (up to 64 msec) between the T1 lines, to properlyreconstruct the original stream.

Digital

The binary (1 or 0) output of a computer or terminal. In datacommunications, an alternating, non-continuous (pulsating) signal.

DSL (Digital Subscriber

Line)

A family of technologies for bringing broadband information (dataand voice) to residential and business customers over the copperwires of a local telephone network. DSL technology providesextended range digital data transmission. Data rates (downloadand upload speeds) vary according to the distance from thecentral office, DSL technology, line conditions, and the servicelevel implemented. Common DSL technologies include ADSL, VDSL,SHDSL, and G.SHDSL.bis.

E1 Line

A 2.048 Mbps line, common in Europe, that supports thirty-two 64kbps channels, each of which can transmit and receive data ordigitized voice. The line uses framing and signaling to achieve

synchronous and reliable transmission. The most commonconfigurations for E1 lines are E1 PRI, and unchannelized E1.

E3

The European standard for high speed digital transmission,operating at 34 Mbps.


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Echo Cancellation

Echo cancellation improves the quality of voice transmissions. Iteliminates the echo that results from the reflection of thetelephony signal back to the caller, which can occur in a 4-wire to2-wire hybrid connection between the VFRAD and the telephonesor PBX. The longer it takes the signals to return to the caller, themore perceptible the echo.

Encapsulation

Encapsulating data is a technique used by layered protocols inwhich a low level protocol accepts a message from a higher levelprotocol, then places it in the data portion of the lower-levelframe. The logistics of encapsulation require that packets travelingover a physical network contain a sequence of headers.

Ethernet

A local area network (LAN) technology which has extended intothe wide area networks. Ethernet operates at many speeds,including data rates of 10 Mbps (Ethernet), 100 Mbps (FastEthernet), 1,000 Mbps (Gigabit Ethernet), 10 Gbps, 40 Gbps, and100 Gbps.

Flow Control

A congestion control mechanism that results in an ATM system

implementing flow control.

Frame

A logical grouping of information sent as a link-layer unit over atransmission medium. The terms packet, datagram, segment, andmessage are also used to describe logical information groupings.

Framing

At the physical and data link layers of the OSI model, bits are fitinto units called frames. Frames contain source and destinationinformation, flags to designate the start and end of the frame,plus information about the integrity of the frame. All otherinformation, such as network protocols and the actual payload ofdata, is encapsulated in a packet, which is encapsulated in theframe.

Full Duplex A circuit or device permitting transmission in two directions(sending and receiving) at the same time.

FXO (Foreign Exchange

Office)

A voice interface, emulating a PBX extension, as it appears to theCO (Central Office) for connecting a PBX extension to amultiplexer.

FXS (Foreign Exchange

Subscriber)

A voice interface, emulating the extension interface of a PBX (orsubscriber interface of a CO) for connecting a regular telephoneset to a multiplexer.

G.703

An ITU standard for the physical and electrical characteristics ofvarious digital interfaces, including those at 64 kbps and 2.048Mbps.

Gateway

Gateways are points of entrance and exit from a communicationsnetwork. Viewed as a physical entity, a gateway is that node thattranslates between two otherwise incompatible networks ornetwork segments. Gateways perform code and protocolconversion to facilitate traffic between data highways of differingarchitecture.


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Half Duplex

A circuit or device capable of transmitting in two directions, butnot at the same time.

Impedance

The combined effect of resistance, inductance and capacitance ona transmitted signal. Impedance varies at different frequencies.

Interface

A shared boundary, defined by common physical interconnectioncharacteristics, signal characteristics, and meanings of exchangedsignals.

Inverse Multiplexing

A method in which the inverse multiplexer slices the data streaminto equal portions and transmits each portion over an availablecircuit. The receiving end adjusts for network-induced delay andreassembles the data packets into their proper order. Therefore,an inverse multiplexer allows lower speed channels across anetwork to be combined into a single, higher speed data stream.

IP Address

Also known as an Internet address. A unique string of numbersthat identifies a computer or device on a TCP/IP network. Theformat of an IP address is a 32-bit numeric address written as four

numbers from 0 to 255, separated by periods (for example,1.0.255.123).

Jitter

The deviation of a transmission signal in time or phase. It canintroduce errors and loss of synchronization in high speedsynchronous communications.

Laser

A device that transmits an extremely narrow and coherent beamof electromagnetic energy in the visible light spectrum. Used as alight source for fiber optic transmission (generally more expensive,shorter lived, single mode only, for greater distances than LED).

Latency

The time between initiating a request for data and the beginningof the actual data transfer. Network latency is the delay

introduced when a packet is momentarily stored, analyzed andthen forwarded.

Loading

The addition of inductance to a line in order to minimize amplitudedistortion. Used commonly on public telephone lines to improvevoice quality, it can make the lines impassable to high speed data,and baseband modems.

Loopback

A type of diagnostic test in which the transmitted signal isreturned to the sending device after passing through all or part ofa communications link or network.

Manager

An application that receives Simple Network Management Protocol(SNMP) information from an agent. An agent and manager share a

database of information, called the Management Information Base(MIB). An agent can use a message called a traps-PDU to sendunsolicited information to the manager. A manager that uses theRADview MIB can query the RAD device, set parameters, soundalarms when certain conditions appear, and perform otheradministrative tasks.


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Mark

In telecommunications, this means the presence of a signal. Amark is equivalent to a binary 1. A mark is the opposite of a space(0).

Master Clock

The source of timing signals (or the signals themselves) that allnetwork stations use for synchronization.

Modulation

The alteration of a carrier wave in relation to the value or samplesof the data being transferred.

Multiplexer

At one end of a communications link, a device that combinesseveral lower speed transmission channels into a single high speedchannel. A multiplexer at the other end reverses the process.Sometimes called a mux. See Bit Interleaving/Multiplexing.

Network

(1) An interconnected group of nodes. (2) A series of points,nodes, or stations connected by communications channels; thecollection of equipment through which connections are madebetween data stations.

Network Layer

A layer in the OSI reference model. The network layer providesaddress resolution and routing protocols. Address resolutionenables the network layer to determine a unique network addressfor a node. Routing protocols allow data to flow betweennetworks and reach their proper destination. Examples of networklayer protocols are Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), DatagramDelivery Protocol (DDP), Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP),Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP), Internet Protocol (IP),Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX) and Packet Layer Protocol(PLP).

Node

A point of interconnection to a network.

Off-Hook A state that results when you lift a telephone receiver, producing abusy signal.

On-Hook

A state that results when the telephone receiver is in place. Noloop current flows and the switch recognizes that the telephone isavailable for incoming calls.

Packet

An ordered group of data and control signals transmitted througha network, as a subset of a larger message.

Payload

The 48-byte segment of the ATM cell containing user data. Anyadaptation of user data via the AAL will take place within thepayload.

Physical Layer

Layer 1 of the OSI model. The layer concerned with electrical,mechanical, and handshaking procedures over the interfaceconnecting a device to the transmission medium.

Policing

A method for verifying that the incoming VC complies with theusers service contract.

Port

The physical interface to a computer or multiplexer, for connectionof terminals and modems.


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Prioritization

Also called CoS (class of service), classifies traffic into categoriessuch as high, medium, and low. The lower the priority, the moredrop eligible is a packet. When the network gets busy,prioritization ensures critical or high-rated traffic is passed first,and packets from the lowest categories may be dropped.

Protocol A formal set of conventions governing the formatting and relativetiming of message exchange between two communicatingsystems.

Pseudowire

Point-to-point connections set up to emulate (typically Layer 2)native services like ATM, Frame Relay, Ethernet, TDM, orSONET/SDH over an underlying common packet-switched network(Ethernet, MPLS or IP) core. Pseudowires are defined by the IETFPWE3 (pseudowire emulation edge-to-edge) working group.

Router

An interconnection device that connects individual LANs. Unlikebridges, which logically connect at OSI Layer 2, routers providelogical paths at OSI Layer 3. Like bridges, remote sites can beconnected using routers over dedicated or switched lines to create

WANs.

Routing

The process of selecting the most efficient circuit path for amessage.

Serial Transmission

A common mode of transmission, where the character bits aresent sequentially one at a time instead of in parallel.

SHDSL (Symmetric High

Bit Rate Digital

Subscriber Line)

ITU G.991.2 standardized method to transport data symmetricallyat data rates of 192 kbps to 2.3 Mbps over 2-wire, or 384 kbps to4.6 Mbps over 4-wire.

Single Mode

Describing an optical wave-guide or fiber that is designed to

propagate light of only a single wavelength (typically 5-10 micronsin diameter).

SNMP (Simple Network

Management Protocol)

The Internet standard protocol for managing nodes on an IPnetwork.

Space

In telecommunications, the absence of a signal. Equivalent to abinary 0.

Sync

See Synchronous Transmission.

Synchronous

Transmission

Transmission in which data bits are sent at a fixed rate, with thetransmitter and receiver synchronized.

T1

A digital transmission link with a capacity of 1.544 Mbps used inNorth America. Typically channelized into 24 DS0s, each capable ofcarrying a single voice conversation or data stream. Uses two pairsof twisted pair wires.

T3

A digital transmission link with a capacity of 45 Mbps, or 28 T1lines.


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Telnet

The virtual terminal protocol in the Internet suite of protocols. Itlets users on one host access another host and work as terminalusers of that remote host. Instead of dialing into the computer,the user connects to it over the Internet using Telnet. Whenissuing a Telnet session, it connects to the Telnet host and logs in.The connection enables the user to work with the remote machine

as though a terminal was connected to it.

Timeslot

A portion of a serial multiplex of timeslot information dedicated toa single channel. In E1 and T1, one timeslot typically representsone 64 kbps channel.

Traffic Contract

An agreement between the user and the network managementagent regarding the expected QoS provided by the network andthe users compliance with the pre-determined traffic parameters(i.e., PCR, MBS, burstiness, average cell rate).

Traffic Management

Set of actions and operations performed by the network toguarantee the operability of the network, exercised in the form oftraffic control and flow control.

Traffic Shaping

A method for smoothing the bursty traffic rate that might arriveon an access virtual circuit so as to present a more uniform trafficrate on the network.

Trunk

A single circuit between two points, both of which are switchingcenters or individual distribution points. A trunk usually handlesmany channels simultaneously.

VLAN-Aware

A device that is doing the Layer 2 bridging according to the VLANtag in addition to the standard bridging parameters. A VLAN-awaredevice will not strip or add any VLAN header.

VLAN Stacking

A technique that lets carriers offer multiple virtual LANs over a

single circuit. In essence, the carrier creates an Ethernet virtualprivate network to tunnel customer VLANs across its WAN; thishelps avoid name conflicts among customers of service providerswho connect to the carrier. Stacking works by assigning two VLANIDs to each frame header. One is a "backbone" VLAN ID used bythe service provider; the other one has up to 4,096 unique 802.1QVLAN tags.


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LA-130 Ver. 4.5 Configuring LA-130 1

Quick Start Guide

Installation of LA-130 should be carried out only by an experienced technician. If

you are familiar with LA-130, use this guide to prepare the unit for operation.

1. Installing LA-130

Connecting the Interfaces

1. Connect LA-130 to the SHDSL or ADSL equipment using standard straight UTP

cables terminated with RJ-45 connectors.

2.

Connect LA-130 to the E1 device with a balanced E1 interface using standardstraight E1 cables.

or

Connect LA-130 to the E1 device with an unbalanced E1 interface using

CBL-RJ45/2BNC/E1 adapter cable.

3. Connect the control terminal to the CONTROL connector.

Connecting the Power

Connect the power cable to the power connector on the LA-130 rear panel.

The unit has no power switch. Operation starts when the power is applied

to the rear panel power connector.

2.

Configuring LA-130

Configure LA-130 to the desired operation mode via an ASCII terminal connected to

the rear panel CONTROL port. Alternatively, you can manage LA-130 over Telnet, or

via a PC running a Web-browsing application connected to one of the user LAN

ports.


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2 Configuring LA-130 LA-130 Ver. 4.5

Starting a Terminal Session for the First Time

To start a terminal session:

1. Connect a terminal to the CONTROL connector of LA-130.

2. Turn on the control terminal PC and set its port parameters to 115,200 baud,

8 bits/character, 1 stop bit, no parity. Set the terminal emulator to ANSI

VT100 emulation (for optimal view of system menus).

3. Power up LA-130 and proceed with the management session.

Configuring the IP Management Parameters

To configure the LA 130 host:

From the Host menu (Configuration > System > Management > Host), define

the host IP address, IP mask and default gateway.

To define SNMP and ILMI communities:

From the Community menu (Configuration > System > Management > SNMP >

Community), select read, write, trap and ILMI communities.

To define network managers:

From the Manager List menu (Configuration > System > Management > SNMP

> Manager List), define IP addresses of up to ten network managers, mask or

unmask alarm traps.

To configure inband management parameters:

1. From the ATM Address menu (Configuration > System > Management >

Inband Management > ATM Address), define the IP address used to access

the LA-130 SNMP agent through the ATM uplink and enable the DVCP client.

2.

Select Management VCCand select VPI.VCI for the inband communicationchannel.

Configuring the System Clock

To configure the system clock:

1. From the Master Clock menu (Configuration > System > Clock > Master Clock),

select the master clock source.

2. If the clock source is set to Recovered, define a recovered clock entity from

the Recovered Clock menu (Configuration > System > Clock > Recovered

Clock). Make sure you have configured a bundle or a PW that is going to serve

as a recovered clock source.

Configuring LA-130 at the Physical Level

SHDSL or ADSL and E1 interfaces must be configured at the physical level.

To configure SHDSL or ADSL interface at the physical level:

From SHDSL menu (Configuration > Physical Layer > SHDSL or ADSL), define

the required physical layer parameters.


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LA-130 Ver. 4.5 Configuring LA-130 3

To configure E1 interface at the physical level:

From the E1-User menu (Configuration > Physical Layer > E1-User), define

operation mode (IMA, UNI or CES) of each user E1 interface and its framing

mode.

Multiservice over ATM

After finishing configuration of the network and user interface at the physical

layer, it is necessary to define IMA groups and connections. Procedures for

connection creation in the multiservice over ATM differs for different types of the

user links:

CES:

1. Define IMA group at the SHDSL network interface

2. Create bundles by assigning E1 timeslots

3. Connect the bundles to the network IMA group/links.

IMA:1. Define IMA group at the SHDSL network interface

2. Define IMA group at the E1 user interface

3. Create and configure an ATM cross-connect between network and user

IMA groups.

UNI:

1. Define IMA group at the SHDSL network interface

2. Create and configure an ATM cross-connect between network IMA group

and E1 UNI links.

Multiservice over PSN

For the multiservice over PSN applications, use the following procedure to create

connections over the packet-switched network:

1. Define an attachment circuit (AC) by assigning a user interface to it:

Framed CES E1 user interface assign timeslots to the AC

Unframed CES E1 or UNI user interface assign a port to the AC

E1 IMA assign an E1 IMA group to the AC.

2. For the E1 IMA group or E1 UNI link, connect the interface to a VP.

3.

Add a bridge port and bind it to a bridge WAN interface.4. Define ingress and egress MPLS tunnels and connect them to the bridge port.

5. Create a pseudowire connection (PW), bind the AC to the PW.

6. Connect the PW to the ingress and egress MPLS tunnels.


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4 Configuring LA-130 LA-130 Ver. 4.5


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LA-130 Ver. 4.5 i

Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Overview....................................................................................................................1-1

Application .............................................................................................................1-2

Features .................................................................................................................1-2E1 User Ports ..........................................................................................................1-4

Management ..........................................................................................................1-5

Alarm Collection ......................................................................................................1-6

Diagnostics and Statistics .......................................................................................1-6

1.2 Physical Description ...................................................................................................1-7

1.3 Functional Description ................................................................................................1-8

SHDSL Network Interface ........................................................................................1-8

ADSL Interface ......................................................................................................1-10

ATM Processor ......................................................................................................1-11

ATM Emulation over PSN .......................................................................................1-12

Ethernet Bridge ....................................................................................................1-14

E1 Interface ..........................................................................................................1-16

Timing ..................................................................................................................1-16

Management Subsystem .......................................................................................1-17

Statistics Collection ...............................................................................................1-19

Test and Diagnostics Capabilities ..........................................................................1-21

Alarms ..................................................................................................................1-21

1.4 Technical Specifications............................................................................................1-22

Chapter 2 Installation and Setup

2.1 Site Requirements and Prerequisites ..........................................................................2-1

2.2 Package Contents ......................................................................................................2-2

2.3 Mounting the Unit ......................................................................................................2-2

2.4

Connecting to SHDSL Equipment ................................................................................2-2

2.5 Connecting to ADSL Equipment ..................................................................................2-3

2.6 Connecting to the E1/T1 Devices ................................................................................2-3

2.7 Connecting to the Ethernet Equipment .......................................................................2-4

2.8 Connecting to the ASCII Terminal ................................................................................2-4

2.9 Connecting LA-130 to Power ......................................................................................2-5

Connecting AC Power ..............................................................................................2-5

Connecting DC Power ..............................................................................................2-5

Chapter 3 Operation

3.1 Turning On LA-130 .....................................................................................................3-1

3.2

Front Panel Indicators ................................................................................................3-1

WAN Interface Status Indications ............................................................................3-2

LAN Interface Status Indications..............................................................................3-2

3.3 Configuration Alternatives ..........................................................................................3-2

Configuring LA-130 via the Terminal ........................................................................3-3

Configuring LA-130 via Web Browsers .....................................................................3-6

3.4 Using Plug & Play .......................................................................................................3-7

Purpose ..................................................................................................................3-7

When Plug & Play can be Used ................................................................................3-8

How Plug & Play is Started ......................................................................................3-8


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Preparations ...........................................................................................................3-8

Procedure for Plug & Play .......................................................................................3-8

3.5 Menu Structure ..........................................................................................................3-9

3.6 Turning Off LA-130 ..................................................................................................3-15

Chapter 4 Configuration

4.1

Configuration Sequence .............................................................................................4-1

4.2 Configuring LA-130 for Management ..........................................................................4-2

Defining Logistic Information ..................................................................................4-2

Configuring LA-130 Communities ............................................................................4-2

Adding a Network Management Station (NMS) ........................................................4-3

Configuring the LA-130 Inband Management Parameters .........................................4-5

Configuring LA-130 Host .......................................................................................4-11

Configuring the Supervisory Port Interface ............................................................4-12

Configuring the Management Session Password ....................................................4-13

4.3 Configuring System Parameters ................................................................................4-14

Configuring General System Parameters ................................................................4-14

Configuring the System Clock ................................................................................4-17

Defining the Recovered Clock Entity ......................................................................4-19

4.4

Configuring LA-130 at the Physical Layer ..................................................................4-20

Configuring the Network Interface at the Physical Layer ........................................4-20

Configuring the E1 Interface at the Physical Layer .................................................4-28

Configuring the LAN Interface at the Physical Layer ...............................................4-31

4.5 Configuring LA-130 at the Logical Layer ...................................................................4-32

Multiservice over ATM ...........................................................................................4-32

Multiservice over PSN ............................................................................................4-45Configuring the LAN Port at the Logical Layer ........................................................4-49

4.6 Configuring Multiservice over PSN Application ...........................................................4-61

Configuring MPLS Parameters ................................................................................4-61

Setting the PW Timeout and Packet Reordering Options ........................................4-64

Creating PW Connections ......................................................................................4-65

4.7

Additional Tasks .......................................................................................................4-73

Displaying LA-130 Inventory ..................................................................................4-73

Setting the Date and Time ....................................................................................4-75

Transferring Software and Configuration Files .......................................................4-75

Loading the Factory-Default Parameters ...............................................................4-76

Rebooting LA-130 .................................................................................................4-76

Chapter 5 Configuring Typical Applications

5.1 Multiservice over ATM Application ...............................................................................5-1

Configuring System Parameters ...............................................................................5-3

Removing the E1 Links from the IMA Group 2 ..........................................................5-3

Configuring SHDSL and E1 Interfaces at the Physical Layer ......................................5-4

Configuring IMA Interface ........................................................................................5-5

Creating CES Connections .......................................................................................5-6

Creating ATM Cross-Connections .............................................................................5-8

5.2 Multiservice over PSN Application ...............................................................................5-9

Configuration Procedure Summary ..........................................................................5-9

Configuring System Parameters ...............................................................................5-9

Configuring the Host .............................................................................................5-10

Configuring SHDSL and E1 Interfaces at the Physical Layer ....................................5-11

Removing the E1 UNI Link 1 from the IMA Group 2 ............................................... .5-12


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LA-130 Ver. 4.5 iii

Defining an Attachment Circuit..............................................................................5-12

Connecting E1 UNI Interface 1 to a VPI ..................................................................5-13

Configuring Bridge Interfaces ................................................................................5-13

Configuring MPLS Parameters ................................................................................5-14

Creating Pseudowire Connections .........................................................................5-15

Chapter 6 Troubleshooting and Diagnostics

6.1 Monitoring the LA-130 Performance ...........................................................................6-1

Monitoring the LA-130 Performance at the System Layer ........................................6-1

Monitoring the LA-130 Performance at the Physical Layer .......................................6-5

Monitoring the LA-130 Performance at the Logical Layer .......................................6-12

Monitoring the LA-130 Performance at the Application Layer ................................6-25

6.2 Diagnostic Tests .......................................................................................................6-29

Running Physical Loopbacks ..................................................................................6-30

Running OAM Loopbacks .......................................................................................6-31

6.3 Troubleshooting .......................................................................................................6-31

Troubleshooting Using LA-130 Indications .............................................................6-31

Troubleshooting E1 Ports ......................................................................................6-33

Troubleshooting LAN Services ...............................................................................6-33

6.4

Technical Support ....................................................................................................6-34

Appendix A Pinouts

Appendix B Alarm Messages

Appendix C Boot Manager

Appendix D Database Initialization


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Table of Contents Installation and Operation Manual

iv LA-130 Ver. 4.5


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LA-130 Ver. 4.5 1BOverview 1-1

Chapter 1

Introduction

1.1 Overview

LA-130 is a DSL cell-site gateway for providing ATM services over ATM and

packet-switched networks. LA-130 aggregates multiple traffic types from several

sources into a DSL uplink. In addition, it allows for traffic management functions

and optimization of the network bandwidth requirements.

LA-130 provides different switching/aggregation abilities over different types of

networks:

Over ATM networks aggregating multiservice protocols (ATM and TDM) over

ATM. LA-130 allows switching/aggregation of multiple traffic types, such as

UNI, IMA, or CES from several ATM/TDM sources, onto a single SHDSL IMA link

towards the ATM network, allowing optimal utilization of network backbone

resources.

Over packet-switched networks PSNs) aggregating ATM or TDM user traffic

over packet-switched networks by utilizing pseudowire (PW) connections that

are established over the PSN. These virtual pseudowires comprise

uniquely-formatted Ethernet packets, which allow LA-130 to provide

complete emulation of ATM and TDM services over all types of

packet-switched networks. This pseudowire emulation terminates whenLA-130 converts the packet-based traffic back to conventional ATM or TDM

traffic.

Additional features include:

OAM support

Network management, using embedded Web server software (ConfiguRAD) or

RADview-EMS/NGN, RADs element management system, or local

management via menu-driven ASCII terminal utility.


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Chapter 1 Introduction Installation and Operation Manual

1-2 1BOverview LA-130 Ver. 4.5

Application

In a typical application, the unit aggregates E1 CES and E1 IMA UNI traffic over

SHDSL lines:

Figure 1-1. DSL Bonding over SHDSL

To learn how to configure typical applications, refer toChapter 5.

Features

WAN Interface

Physical Interface

LA-130 has one WAN (uplink) port, used to connect to the ATM orpacket-switched network (this port is often referred to as an uplink port). The

uplink port uses the following transmission technologies:

SHDSL:

SHDSL Annex A and B with the data rates of up to 2.3 Mbps per a 2-wire line

SHDSL Annex F and G with the data rates of up to 5.7 Mbps per a 2-wire line

Line bonding is performed at the physical (multipair SHDSL) or logical (IMA)

level.

ADSL:

ITU-T Rec. G.992.1 Annex A, B (ADSL)

ITU-T Rec. G.992.3 Annex A, B (ADSL 2)

ITU-T Rec. G.992.5 Annex A, B (ADSL2+).


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Installation and Operation Manual Chapter 1 Introduction


ATM Network Interface

The ATM network interface provides an ATM user-network interface (UNI) per

ATM User-Network Interface (UNI) Specification (Version 3.1). The interface

supports the following ATM adaptation layers:

AAL0 used for ATM-to-ATM cross-connection

AAL1 used for transparent transport circuit emulation services (CES)

AAL5 used for packet traffic (Ethernet, IP).

The network port supports a wide range of ATM service categories (Classes of

Service CoS in ITU-T terminology): CBR, VBR, UBR and UBR+. LA-130 supports

per-connection user-configurable traffic shaping and traffic contract enforcing,

for improved QoS and efficient utilization of the ATM uplink bandwidth.

ATM over PSN Capabilities

LA-130 utilizes up to four pseudowire connections to emulate ATM services over

packet-switched networks.

Two encapsulation methods are supported according to IETF's RFC 4717:

1:1 (one-to-one) VC/VP encapsulation Each VCC/VPC is mapped to a single

pseudowire (PW) connection

N:1 (N-to-one) VC/VP encapsulation A single VP is encapsulated to a single

PW connection, using the N:1 format

In addition, LA-130 allows single or multiple cells to be encapsulated per frame.

TDM over PSN Capabilities

LA-130 allows 2G cellular traffic and other types of TDM traffic to be carried over

packet-switched networks. The encapsulation of TDM traffic complies with thefollowing IETF requirements:

RFC 5086 (CES over PSN) for structured TDM traffic

RFC 4553 (SAT over PSN) for unstructured TDM traffic.

Timeout Mechanism

A built-in timer determines the time to forward the PW frame regardless whether

the max number of cells per frame has been reached or not.

Packet Reordering

LA-130 features a mechanism that reorders packets when they arrive in anincorrect order.


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Pseudowire CoS/QoS

Ethernet networks outgoing pseudowire packets are assigned a dedicated VLAN

ID according to 802.1Q and marked for priority using 802.1p bits. Pseudowire

traffic can be classified into 3 different classes (queues), which are then

transmitted towards the network based on the WFQ (weighted fair queuing)

algorithm MPLS networks outgoing pseudowire packets are assigned to a

specific MPLS tunnel and marked for priority using EXP bits.

Pseudowire connectivity is verified using the Bidirectional Forwarding Detection

(BFD) mechanism.

User Interfaces

LA-130 can be equipped with the following user ports:

Four E1, supporting

Up to four E1 TDM (CES) interfaces

Up to four E1 UNI/IMA interfaces

One or four Ethernet ports with bridge capabilities.

E1 User Ports

LA-130 has four E1 multiservice ports that operate in ATM UNI, ATM IMA or TDM

CES mode. The interfaces are available with balanced or unbalanced connectors

(via an optional RJ-45 to a BNC adapter cable).

Ethernet Ports

LA-130 includes a 4-port Ethernet switch with 10/100BaseT interfaces. Operating

rate (10 or 100 Mbps) and operating mode (half or full duplex) can be

determined by autonegotiation or by manual configuration. Automatic MDIXallows using straight or crossed cables for the LAN connection. Flow control is

performed according to IEEE 802.3x.

The Ethernet switch operates as a MAC bridge. The MAC bridge can be configured

with up to 8 WAN ports (each using its own PVC). It can provide access-only

functionality (between LAN and WAN), or full bridge functionality (LAN access and

switching among the WAN ports). The MAC bridge accepts static MAC addresses.

LA-130 can be configured to transparently transfer PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE)

traffic.

VLAN Handling

LA-130 bridge operation supports VLAN-unaware and VLAN-aware modes. Onebridge port is configured on the Ethernet side and up to 8 ports on the ATM side.

LA-130 supports up to 8 VCs that can be assigned to the bridge ports (up to 3

VCs per bridge port in order to handle priority-tagged frames). Depending on the

LA-130 position in the network, the bridge can be configured to permit or

prohibit VC-to-VC traffic.

In the VLAN-unaware mode, LA-130 forwards packets according to their MAC

address only. VLAN tags are ignored and remain intact when passing from the

bridge.


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In the VLAN-aware mode, the LA-130 bridge learns, floods and forwards

packets according to the MAC and VID values. The packets can be forwarded

only to the bridge ports that are members of the packets VID, or if it was

appended to it during the ingress process.

QoS

LA-130 can be configured to classify outgoing WAN traffic into three trafficclasses (queues). The user employs traffic classification to define what data is

delivered and what data is dropped if the LAN traffic exceeds the uplink capacity.

Classification is performed according 802.1p, IP precedence, ToS or DSCP. Once

the traffic classes are defined, they can be mapped, using the ATM CoS or WFQ

mechanism.

Management

Management Functions

LA-130 has a local management subsystem that controls the operation of all ofits circuits. The subsystem supports various management interfaces, including

inband and out-of-band management, Telnet, and local management via an ASCII

terminal or a Web browser. RADview-EMS, RADs element management software

is also available to support large networks.

The management subsystem can communicate through the following ports:

Dedicated serial RS-232 port, intended for direct connection to a simple ASCII

terminal (or a PC running any terminal emulation utility). The port provides

access to the entire available configuration, diagnostics, performance and

alarm monitoring functions. All the necessary software is stored in LA-130;

no data is stored in the terminal. The management is performed via a

menu-driven interface.

Inband management via the ATM uplink, using SNMP or Telnet. Telnet has the

same capabilities and uses the same procedures as the terminal. The LA-130

SNMP agent supports all the standard MIBs for E1, xDSL, and CES as well as

the private RAD MIBs.

Automatic Configuration Options (Plug & Play)

LA-130 is designed to enable automatic configuration from a remote location,

without requiring the intervention of an operator (plug & play functionality).

Plug & play means that after LA-130 is installed and connected to its operating

environment, the unit needs only to be powered up. LA-130 supports twoautomatic configuration methods:

Fully automatic configuration using DHCP in conjunction with TFTP. To use

this method, the using organization must configure a DHCP server, located at

an appropriate location within the operators network management center.

When LA-130 is powered up, it automatically starts operating as a DHCP

client and broadcasts a DHCP server discovery message.

When the dedicated DHCP server answers, it provides the IP address to be

configured as the LA-130 inband management address and information


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needed to retrieve a configuration file from a TFTP server. LA-130 then uses

the parameters received from the DHCP server to retrieve its configuration

file using TFTP, and starts using the downloaded configuration.

Alternative mechanism based on automatic learning of its inband

management IP address. This mechanism is active as long as the default

parameter values are in effect. LA-130 then learns its inband management IP

address from the destination IP address carried in the first IP packet receivedthrough the default inband management VCC. This is sufficient for Telnet

access.

Moreover, if the first packet is an SNMP packet, LA-130 also adds the source IP

address as a manager. After learning these parameters, the plug-&-play

functionality is disabled, and LA-130 is subject to the regular management and

configuration rules. TFTP can then be used to download a configuration file.

Whenever necessary, the plug-&-play functionality can be enabled again by

restoring the factory-default parameters.

The automatic configuration method used by LA-130 upon power-up is

determined by its factory-default parameters, specified at ordering time.

Alarm Collection

The LA-130 management subsystem monitors on-line critical functions. The

subsystem generates time-stamped alarm messages covering system events. The

time stamp is provided by an internal real-time clock. The alarm messages can be

read on-line by means of the local supervisory terminal or a Telnet host, and are

automatically sent as traps to selected management stations.

The alarms log file can also be sent to a remote host using TFTP.

Diagnostics and Statistics

LA-130 offers comprehensive diagnostics and statistics for all its ports and

network layers. It supports the following diagnostics and statistics functions:

Collection of application layer performance statistics

ATM layer performance statistics and control (OAM support). The end-to-end

and segment QoS is evaluated using F5 OAM cells, including AIS, RDI, LB, CC

and activation cells.

Physical layer diagnostics: loopback tests and performance statistics.

The collected data enables the system administrator to monitor the transmissionperformance and thus the quality of service provided to users, for statistical

purposes, and can also be used to identify transmission problems.

In addition, LA-130 supports the ICMPping function for IP connectivity testing.

Note


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LA-130 Ver. 4.5 2BPhysical Description 1-7

1.2

Physical Description

LA-130 is a compact unit, intended for installation on desktops or shelves.

Figure 1-2shows a general view of the LA-130.

The unit height is 1U (1.75 in). An optional rack-mount adapter kit, RM-35,

enables installing LA-130 in a 19-inch rack.

Figure 1-2. LA-130 3D View

The LA-130 front panel includes the SHDSL or ADSL, E1 and Ethernet ports as

well as the control terminal connector. The LA-130 connectors are described in

greater detail inChapter 2.

The front panel includes several LEDs, which display the status of power, SHDSL,

ADSL, E1, Ethernet links, and alarms. For a detailed description of the front panel,

seeChapter 3.


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1-8 3BFunctional Description LA-130 Ver. 4.5

1.3

Functional Description

The LA-130 functional block diagram is shown in Figure 1-3.

Power Supply

AC DC

1

1

2

EthernetPorts

SHDSLor

ADSLPort

EthernetSwitch

IMA

E1Ports

2

3

3

41

2

3

4

4

RJ-021

CPU

Control Port

EthernetSwitch

IMA/UNI ATMController

Figure 1-3. LA-130 Functional Block Diagram

LA-130 includes the following main subsystems:

SHDSL or ADSL interface

LAN interface

Ethernet switch

E1 interface

RJ-021, RADs chip for TDM over IP, MPLS or Ethernet

IMA/UNI ATM controller

Control port

Power supply.

SHDSL Network Interface

The SHDSL Annex A and B 2-wire interface complies with ITU-T Rec. G.991.2 and

ETSI TS 101524-1 requirements and uses TCPAM modulation. It is designed to

transport rate-adaptive symmetrical data across a single copper pair at data rates

up to 2.304 Mbps for a single pair. Later enhancements (Annexes F and G) to the

G.991.2 specification allow for increased performance up to 5.7 Mbps over a

single copper pair.

To increase the bandwidth LA-130 performs bonding of 2-wire lines by using

Inverse Multiplexing over ATM (IMA) or data interleaving with M-pair mode.


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LA-130 Ver. 4.5 3BFunctional Description 1-9

Table 1-1. Typical Ranges for SHDSL Annex A and B Interface (4-Wire 26 AWG)

Data Rate Range

[kbps] [km] [mi]

384512 5.2 3.2

576832 4.9 3.0

8961152 4.6 2.8

12161344 4.5 2.7

14081856 4.0 2.4

19202176 3.7 2.2

2304 3.5 2.1

2312 3.8 2.3

Table 1-2. Typical Ranges for SHDSL Annex F and G Interface (2-Wire 26 AWG)

Data Rate Range

[kbps] [km] [mi]

7681024 5.5 3.4

2048 5.0 3.1

2560 4.7 2.9

3072 4.4 2.7

2584 4.1 2.5

3818 4.0 2.4

4096 3.9 2.4

4608 3.5 2.1

5120 3.4 2.15696 3.1 1.9

Multipair SHDSL Mode

Multipair bonding technology is used to combine the LA-130 SHDSL links at the

physical level into a single data stream with the data rate of up to 8192 kbps.

The number of pairs in the group is user-configurable to two, four and eight.

IMA over 4 SHDSL Mode

LA-130 combines advanced inverse multiplexing capabilities together with SHDSL

technology to provide a high bandwidth logical link whose rate is approximatelythe sum of the SHDSL link rates.

The IMA network interface supports PAM 16 line coding and operates in

accordance with the ITU-T G.991.2 and ETSI TS 101 524-1 requirements. The IMA

operation complies with the ATM Forum 1.0 and 1.1 (AF-PHY-0086.000 and

AF-PHY-0086.001) requirements.

Data rate of the IMA link equals combined data rate of its four 2-wire links: from

192 kbps (when the IMA group has only one link) to 9248 kbps for four links

operating at maximum rate. The typical operation ranges is similar to those of the


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2-wire interface, described in Table 1-1. The data rates in the table represent the

value of a single pair. Typical ranges are also relevant for data rates above

2304 kbps. To obtain a typical range for a data rate between 23049216 kbps,

divide the data rate by four and then consult Table 1-1.

LA-130 can be configured to operate as a CO or a CPE unit.

ADSL Interface

The ADSL interface complies with the following standards:

ITU-T G.992.1 Annex A, B, and ETSI ETR328 (ADSL)

ITU-T Rec. G.992.3 Annex A, B (ADSL 2)

ITU-T Rec. G.992.5 Annex A, B (ADSL2+).

The ADSL interface uses DMT line coding. The user can select between echo

canceling and frequency division multiplex (FDM), and can also select various

physical layer parameters for best match to the specific characteristics of the

equipment connected to the other end of the link. In addition, the ADSL interface

can be configured to support signal formats defined in additional standards, forexample, ANSI T1.413, and several widely used particular implementations.

The operating mode of LA-130 network interface is normally ATU-R (ADSL

terminal unit remote), which is the mode suitable for use at the CPE side. In

this mode, LA-130 synchronizes to the clock provided by the equipment

connected to the other end of the ADSL link, usually a DSLAM.

However, for maintenance purposes, the network interface can also be

configured as ATU-C (ADSL terminal unit CO side).

Table 1-3. Typical Ranges for ADSL 2+ Annex A (2-Wire 26 AWG)

Data Rate[kbps]

Range

Upstream Downstream [km] [mi]

1140 24720 0.2 0.1

1145 20500 1.2 0.7

1130 16565 1.7 1.0

1110 10595 2.5 1.5

970 5935 3.2 2.0

765 4070 3.7 2.3


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LA-130 Ver. 4.5 3BFunctional Description 1-11

Table 1-4. Typical Ranges for ADSL 2+ Annex B (2-Wire 26 AWG)

Data Rate

[kbps]Range

Upstream Downstream [km] [mi]

1160 24240 0.05 0.03

1160 22770 0.5 0.3

1045 21050 1.0 0.6

915 17605 1.5 0.9

900 13560 2.0 1.2

745 9230 2.5 1.5

585 5990 3.0 1.8

395 3795 3.5 2.1

ATM Processor

Payload Processing

The ATM processor provides an ATM user-network interface (UNI) in accordance

with the ATM User-Network Interface (UNI) Specification (Version 3.1).

The processor can receive data from the following sources:

Ethernet switch

User port (through a PCM bus and timeslot assigner)

Management subsystem.

The ATM processor performs segmentation and reassembly (SAR) for each of thedata streams received through the various user ports and formats the flow

associated with each ATM connection in accordance with the applicable AAL cell

structure.

The various types of AAL are used as follows:

AAL0 for ATM-to-ATM cross-connection (XC). Received non-OAM cells are

transferred between the two ends of the XC according to the configuration.

No segmentation or reassembly is required.

AAL1 for transparent transport of data received from the data port, and

from the E1 user port when providing circuit emulation services (that is, when

operating in the CES and transparent modes). AAL5 used for packet traffic: LAN traffic, and management traffic.

For each flow, the ATM processor performs the shaping and policing (traffic

contract enforcing) needed to provide the various ATM service categories (Classes

of Service CoS in ITU-T terminology): CBR, VBR, UBR and UBR+, in accordance

with the traffic contract parameters defined by the user per connection (PVC).


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Each ATM service category has its own queue, which is then processed by the

function. The shaper multiplexes the various flows into a single ATM trunk, for

transmission through the network to the ATM network.

Jitter Buffer

The ATM network introduces a delay that consists of two components:

Cell transfer delay (CTD): this component represents the average transport timewithin the ATM network, and therefore it is assumed to be constant for each VC.

Cell delay variation (CDV): this is a varying component that represents the

jitter, or variation in the delay experienced by any cell.

The reassembly process on the receive side of the ATM network needs a buffer in

which the reassembled cell stream is stored before it is transmitted out the user

interface. The size of the buffer should be large enough to accommodate the

largest CDV present on a VC to prevent underflow and overflow, yet not so large

as to induce excessive overall delay.

LA-130 jitter buffer size can be configured in the range of 0 to 60 msec. This

parameter is global (i.e., all the VCs use the same buffer). In the regular(non-basic) LA-130 devices, equipped with RADs RJ-021, jitter buffer size is

configured per PW in the range of 1060 msec.

Support for Operations, Administration and Maintenance

(OAM)

The ATM processor also provides the OAM support functions in accordance with

ITU-T Rec. I.610; for example, it performs continuity checks, generates alarm

indications, sends loopback requests and activates loopbacks in accordance with

the received OAM cells, etc.

The ATM processor can also collect performance monitoring data for the ATM layer.

ATM Emulation over PSN

Documents

RAD LA-130 Product Manual