Integrated Pest Management

Rachel Suits

Outreach Program Coordinator

Part 1: Integrated Pest

Management (IPM) Concepts

Part 2: Making an IPM Plan

Objectives:

1. Understand the concepts of IPM.2. Be able to incorporate IPM

strategies in your own practices.3. Be able to recommend a variety of

IPM strategies to the public.

Definition

Integrated Pest Management aims to reduce crop losses from pests that are effective, economically viable and

ecologically compatible (Pedigo 2008).

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a strategy to prevent and suppress pests with minimum impact on

human health, the environment and non-target organisms (Steve Dreistadt, University of California)

IPM History

Sulfur, natural enemies, soaps and oils

DDT, organophosphates, chlorinated hydrocarbons

Green Revolution

Silent Spring by Rachel Carson 1962; Stern 1959 ICC

1970s-1980s: Increase IPM research

1990s: Genetically modified organisms and emphasize softer more targeted pesticides

Current: targeted pesticides, invasive species, answering ecological based questions

IPM Concepts

Integrated Pest Management

1. Identify the area you want to manage pests

2. Identify pest damage, key pests and

monitor

3. Determine the amount of plant injury you

are willing to incur

4. Determine the best management tactics:

cultural control, mechanical controls,

biological control and chemical control.

Identify the area you

want to manage

milkwood.net

Saur Farm, Hood River, OR

Is there evidence of pests?

Evidence

floridagardener.com

Evidence

http://utahpests.usu.edu/

Plant Injury

Chewing Insects Piercing-sucking Insects

Pathogens Abiotic Factors

http://www.depi.vic.gov.au/

Plant Injury

Gall making Insect Vectors

http://ucmp.berkeley.edu http://rutherford.ces.ncsu.edu/

http://aces.nmsu.edu/ces/http://www.bio.brandeis.edu/

Old vs. New InjuryOld New

Types of Plant Injury

Types of Plant Injury

Types of Plant Injury

Types of Plant Injury

Types of Plant Injury

Types of Plant Injury

Types of Plant Injury

Types of Plant Injury

Types of Plant Injury

Types of Plant Injury

How much plant injury are you

willing to incur?

Plant Injury

http://rainbarrelgarden.blogspot.com/

urbanfoodwarrior.com

Monitor

Wildwood Farm, Hood River, OR

Sampling and Monitoring Methods

http://jenny.tfrec.wsu.edu/

extension.umass.edu graincrops.blogspot.com

Identify Key Pests

Tumbleweed Farm, Parkdale, OR

Key Pests: Insects

http://www.scienceimage.csiro.au/ http://www.ramshacklesolid.com/

Key Pests: Invasive species

stopbmsb.org

Walgenbach Lab, NC Walgenbach Lab, NC

Key Pests: Plant disease

mastergardeners.org

Key Pests: Landscape

http://cru.cahe.wsu.edu/CEPublications/FS085E/FS085E.pdf

Corret Identification: Rough Stink Bug

and Brown Marmorated Stink Bug

stopbmsb.org

Best Management Strategies

Prevention

Cultural Control

Mechanical Control

Biological Control

Chemical Control

Cultural Controls

What cultural controls do

you know and use?

Change the environment to

make it inhospitable to

thrive.

Cultural Controls

• Crop rotation

• Intercropping

• Sanitation

• Reduce pest habitat in and

around crop

• Trap crop: divert pest

population away from crop

• Tillage

• Adjust crop planting space

or time

• Vacuuming

• Choosing resistant/tolerant

cultivars or varieties

• Cover cropping

• Nutrient management

• Succession planting

• Improve soil health

• Increase crop diversity

• Timing and amount of

irrigation

• Soil solarization

• Mow or prune

Crop Rotation

Intercropping and Undersowing

https://www.himalayaninstitute.org/2011/10/17/three-sisters/

https://www.cotswoldseeds.com

Sanitation

strawberries.ces.ncsu.edu

http://lawngardentools.homesurroundings.com/

Reduce Pest Habitat

http://lindamckendry.com/

Tillage

www.tristatecraft.org

Adjust Crop Space and Timing

Vacuum

extension.org

Choose Resistant Varieties

http://thailand.ipm-info.org/

Cover Cropping

Successional Planting

greenupsolution.com

Nutrient and Soil Management

oregonstate.edu

yougrowgirl.com

Crop Diversity

Irrigation

Stale Seed Bed

Mow or Prune

parentables.howstuffworks.com

Mechanical Controls

Using barriers, traps, or physically

removing pests to prevent or reduce

infestations.

What mechanical controls

do you know and use?

Barriers

http://www.petscreenmesh.com/

Barriers

http://www.new-terra-natural-food.com/

Removal

http://agrariantrust.org/

http://www.gardenguides.com/

Traps

http://www.ericamulherin.com/

bugsaway.com

http://midatlanticgardening.com

Hand Pick

Biological Control: Using

Natural Enemies

How are natural enemies

incorporated into your garden?

http://www.bugsforbugs.com.au/about-us/integrated-pest-management/

Biological Control: Using Natural

Enemies

• Identify beneficial insects

• Increase natural beneficial insect habitat and undisturbed areas – conservation

• Farmscaping

• Provide a diverse habitat

• Introduce beneficial insects: lady beetles, predatory mites, parasitic wasps, nematodes –augmentation

• Classical biological control or importation

http://www.bugsforbugs.com.au/about-us/integrated-pest-management/

http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/FAQ/natural-enemies-poster.pdf

Chemical Controls

Typically used as the last resort in

Integrated Pest Management

Strategies

Pesticide Information

• Mode of Action

• Chemical Name

• Trade Name

Types of Insecticides

• Broad spectrum and targeted

insecticides

• Systemic and contact (foliar)

• Inorganic and organic

• Microbial-derived and botanicals

• Insect growth regulators

Types of Herbicides

• Contact and systemic herbicide

• Pre-emergent and post-

emergent

• Selective and non-selective

Class of Fungicides

• Residual and systemic

• Protectant and curative

Always check the

labels for correct

use of pesticides

Genetically Modified

Foods

Genetically Modified Foods

Pros

• Reduce production costs

• Increase plant resistance to

pest damage

• Products last longer on

grocery shelves

• Could produce more

nutrient dense – golden rice

• Improve plant performance

in the field

Cons

• Has enough science been

done to truly understand

impact on the human body?

• What are the environmental

impacts?

• Can pest resistance still

occur?

• Does it cause food allergies?

Part 2: IPM Case

Scenarios

Case Scenario #1: Aphids

• Monitor

• Wash with water

• Do not over fertilize

or over water

• Encourage natural

predators

• Avoid broad

spectrum insecticides

• Lady beetle release

• Timing of planting

• Reflective mulching

• Oils and soaps

• Pyrethrins/pyrethroids

• Imidacloprid

Case Scenario #1: Aphids

Case Scenario #2: Powdery Mildew

www.extension.org

Case Scenario #2: Powdery Mildew

• Plant healthy plants

• Destroy infected plant tissue

• Grow resistant cultivars

• Plant in sunny locations

• Do not plant susceptible plants near each other.

• Irrigation management

• Biological control: mycoparasitic fungi

• Protective fungicides

• Limit using resistant-prone fungicides

• Use low risk fungicides

Case Scenario #3: Field Bindweed

http://extension.missouri.edu/

Case Scenario #3: Field Bindweed

• Prevent seed

production

• Reduction of stored

carbohydrates

• Increase competition

for light from other

plants

• Cultivate every 2-3

weeks

• Plastic mulch

• Herbicides: UC IPM

Questions