Rachel Grandpre1, Elisabeth Sikes2, Samantha Burgess3, Thomas Guilderson41Smith College, Northampton, MA; 2Rutgers University, Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ; 3University of Auckland, School of Environmental and Marine Sciences, Auckland, New Zealand, 4Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CAFigure 1: The 14C system as described above.Figure 2: This solitary deep water coral, Goniocorella dumosa, was sampled from the South Chatham Rise at 395m.The 14C Ocean System

The formation of 14C takes place in the atmosphere and is then incorporated into CO2, which is transferred to the ocean by gas exchange at the surface. Water located above the thermocline maintains a constant age because of the continuous input of new radiocarbon. Water below the thermocline is cut off from the atmosphere and begins the aging process as 14C decays. Via global thermohaline circulation, water travels below the thermocline and ages as it travels. The vertical distributions of radiocarbon in the ocean can be used to show patterns of ocean circulation and horizontal movement. The results of this study will provide a more accurate picture of the circulation in New Zealand waters. Currently only general knowledge exists regarding the circulation of deep water in the New Zealand area. In the past it has been assumed that the ages of New Zealand waters match with what has been observed regionally in the South Pacific. By determining radiocarbon ages of modern deep water corals of varying depths, the specific data regarding the area around New Zealand will be better understood. Why Deep Corals?

The radiocarbon ages of the carbonate that makes up the coral skeleton will provide ages that are the same as that of the water mass in which the corals grow. The corals were alive when acquired, and therefore indicate the age of the water at the time of sampling. By having corals from a range of depths, modern age estimates can be made for multiple areas of the water column. Study Area New Zealand

Figure 5: The 14C ages of our corals plotted against the depth of sampling. Not included is one sample assumed to be dead upon sampling because the radiocarbon age was 6830 14C yr BP.

Figure 6: Our 14C data from 2 regions plotted with WOCE sta. 182 data. The 3 Kings ages match up with the WOCE data indicating the expected trends at similar depths. The Bay of Plenty ages are much older at shallower depths. There are several possible explanations for the old shallow water at this location: (listed in decreasing order of plausibility)The water travels a different path through the ocean and ages below the thermocline for and extended amount of time.There may be a basin effect in the Bay of Plenty, and there is limited circulation causing local aging.There could be a local source of dead carbon from a deep sea vent or outgassing of CO2 from volcanoes.The Chatham RiseFigure 7: In this location, significant turbulence due to strong currents associated with the subtropical front (STF) and the shallow bathymetric profile formed by the Chatham Rise cause water from the surface to mix down. This brings modern carbon to deep depths. Figure 4:This figure illustrates how bomb radiocarbon (any 14C value above zero) penetrates below the thermocline. The thermocline in the plot is at about 200m and we see bomb radiocarbon as deep as 600m.Special thanks to Naomi Fleming (IMCS) and Jennifer Bosch (IMCS) for assistance with the Mat Lab plots, and to Dr. James Wright (Geology Dept. Rutgers) for running the stable isotope data. Funding for analyses run in Australia came from ANSTO grant 01/69 (to ELS) and for samples run at LLNL from NSF OCE0136651 (to ELS).By obtaining the radiocarbon ages of living deep water corals from various locations around New Zealand, we now have a more detailed view of the local circulation of water masses.

The 14C ages of the corals from many locations match with WOCE data indicating that circulation is what was expected regionally.Other locations show old water at shallow depths. This is most likely because the water taking an alternate path around the ocean and has the opportunity to get older.At the Chatham Rise there are very modern ages for the water at greater depths due to turbulent mixing associated with the STF and the bathymetric high.Figure 3: Map of New Zealand including sample locations.

sample list 2004

Deep Coral Samplesgreen=new samplesblue =duplicates of 2001 samples

red = duplicates of new samples*** = labeled incorrectly on vial as Z9272

Station #LocationLatitudeLongitudeDepthd13Cfraction modern?14C14C ageCAMS #Species

Z9953South Chatham Rise Crest43.66-179.77370m41.02240.003915.73.9Modern107183Goniocorella dumosa

Z9953 #2South Chatham Rise Crest43.66-179.77370mGoniocorella dumosa

I676Bounty Plateau48.16-179.33817mSolenosmilla variabilis

E800West coast of the South Island45.34166.69~700mSolenosmilla variabilis

Z90263 Kings31.97174.26~ 700mEnallopsammia rostrata

Z9025 #23 Kings31.97174.26~1200m40.85950.0033-146.13.3121535107184Enallopsammia rostrata

X487North Chatham Rise42.70-179.67~820m40.90070.0034-105.23.484035Madrepora oculata

Z8919 # 2Bay of Plenty36.50176.511000m40.86120.0034-144.43.4120035107186Enallopsammia rostrata

Z9581Auckland Islands50.04165.95850mEnallopsammia rostrata

Z9226 #2Bay of Plenty37.12177.29600mEnallopsammia rostrata

Z9364Auckland Islands50.07165.911000mEnallopsammia rostrata

Z9792***North Chatham Rise42.76-179.90~940m41.17130.0047163.74.7>Modern107187Madrepora oculata

X484North Chatham Rise42.76-179.90~980m40.89490.0046-110.94.689045107188Madrepora oculata

X484 #2North Chatham Rise42.76-179.90~980mMadrepora oculata

T8South Chatham Rise44.32176.24492m40.91630.0035-89.73.570035107189Goniocorella dumosa

T8 #2South Chatham Rise44.32176.24492mGoniocorella dumosa

I721South Chatham Rise Crest44.12175.77540m40.99690.0038-9.63.8Modern107190Goniocorella dumosa

Z9618South Chatham Rise Crest43.36178.95395mGoniocorella dumosa

Sample List 2001

Deep Coral Samples 2001

Station #LocationLatitudeLongitudeDepth of Sample14C ageerror yrs 1sigma% modern carbonerror 1sigANSTO codeSpecies

Z90263 Kings31.97174.26~ 700m453099.420.37OZF318Enallopsammia rostrata

Z90253 Kings31.97174.26~1200m11204086.980.40OZF317Enallopsammia rostrata

Z9226Bay of Plenty37.12177.29600m8153590.360.35OZF319Enallopsammia rostrata

Z8919Bay of Plenty36.50176.511000m11404086.730.36OZF316Enallopsammia rostrata

X487North Chatham Rise42.70-179.67~820m8403590.060.37OZF315Madrepora oculata

Z9792North Chatham Rise42.76-179.90~940mmodernn/a145.500.53OZF320Madrepora oculata

Z9618South Chatham Rise Crest43.36178.95395mmodernn/a102.790.40OZF323Goniocorella dumosa

I721South Chatham Rise Crest44.12175.77540 mmodernn/a101.230.40OZF314Goniocorella dumosa

I676Bounty Plateau48.16-179.33817m68305042.710.22OZF313Solenosmilla variabilis

E800West coast of the South Island45.34166.69~700m11304086.870.36OZF312Solenosmilla variabilis

Z9581Auckland Islands50.04165.95850m3153596.150.38OZF322Enallopsammia rostrata

Z9364Auckland Islands50.07165.911000m9153589.260.35OZF321Enallopsammia rostrata

14C results 2001+2004

Deep Coral SamplesBlack = 2001

Red = 2004

20012004

Station #LocationLatitudeLongitudeDepth (m)14C ageerror yrs 1sigmafraction Modern% modern carbonerror 1sigAMS #CAMS #Species

Z90263 Kings31.97174.26~700m45300.994299.420.37OZF318Enallopsammia rostrata

Z90253 Kings31.97174.26~1200m1120400.869886.980.40OZF317Enallopsammia rostrata

Z9025 #23 Kings31.97174.26~1200m1215350.859585.950.0033107184Enallopsammia rostrata

Z9226Bay of Plenty37.12177.29600m815350.903690.360.35OZF319Enallopsammia rostrata

Z8919Bay of Plenty36.50176.511000m1140400.867386.730.36OZF316Enallopsammia rostrata

Z8919 # 2Bay of Plenty36.50176.511000m1200350.861286.120.0034107186Enallopsammia rostrata

X487North Chatham Rise42.70-179.67~820m840350.900690.060.37OZF315Madrepora oculata

X487North Chatham Rise42.7-179.67~820m840350.900790.070.0034107185Madrepora oculata

Z9792***North Chatham Rise42.76-179.90~940mmodernn/a1.4550145.500.53OZF320Madrepora oculata

Z9792***North Chatham Rise42.76-179.90~940m>modernn/a1.1713117.130.0047107187Madrepora oculata

Z9618South Chatham Rise Crest43.36178.95395mmodernn/a1.0279102.790.40OZF323Goniocorella dumosa

I721South Chatham Rise Crest44.12175.77540mmodernn/a1.0123101.230.40OZF314Goniocorella dumosa

I721South Chatham Rise Crest44.12175.77540mmodernn/a0.996999.690.0038107190Goniocorella dumosa

I676Bounty Plateau,48.16-179.33817m6830500.427142.710.22OZF313Solenosmilla variabilis

E800West coast of the South Island45.34166.69~700m1130400.868786.870.36OZF312Solenosmilla variabilis

Z9581Auckland Islands50.04165.95850m315350.961596.150.38OZF322Enallopsammia rostrata

Z9364Auckland Islands50.07165.911000m915350.892689.260.35OZF321Enallopsammia rostrata

Z9953South Chatham Rise Crest43.66-179.77370mmodernn/a1.0224102.240.0039107183Goniocorella dumosa

X484North Chatham Rise42.76-179.90~980mmodernn/a0.996999.690.0038107190Goniocorella dumosa

T8South Chatham Rise44.32176.24492m700350.916391.630.0035107189Goniocorella dumosa

14C results (chart ready)

Deep Coral SamplesBlack = 2001

Red = 2004

error yrspercent20012004

Station #LocationLatitudeLongitudeDepth (m)14C num age14C age14 age w/ mod1sigmafraction ModernD14C (o/oo)modern carbonerror 1sigAMS #CAMS #Species

Z90263 Kings31.97174.26700454547300.9942-5.800099.420.37OZF318Enallopsammia rostrata

Z90253 Kings31.97174.261200112011201121400.8698-130.200086.980.40OZF317Enallopsammia rostrata

Z9025 #23 Kings31.97174.261200121512151217350.8595-140.530485.950.0033107184Enallopsammia rostrata

Z9226Bay of Plenty37.12177.29600815815814350.9036-96.400090.360.35OZF319Enallopsammia rostrata

Z8919Bay of Plenty36.50176.511000114011401144400.8673-132.700086.730.36OZF316Enallopsammia rostrata

Z8919 # 2Bay of Plenty36.50176.511000120012001201350.8612-138.827186.120.0034107186Enallopsammia rostrata

X487North Chatham Rise42.70-179.67820840840841350.9006-99.400090.060.37OZF315Madrepora oculata

X487North Chatham Rise42.7-179.67820840840840350.9007-99.292690.070.0034107185Madrepora oculata

Z9792North Chatham Rise42.76-179.909400modern-3012n/a1.4550455.0000145.500.53OZF320Madrepora oculata

Z9792North Chatham Rise42.76-179.909400>modern-1270n/a1.1713171.3120117.130.0047107187Madrepora oculata

X484North Chatham Rise42.76-179.909800modern25n/a0.9969-3.106299.690.0038107190Goniocorella dumosa

T8South Chatham Rise44.32176.24492700700702350.9163-83.691991.630.0035107189Goniocorella dumosa

Z9618South Chatham Rise Crest43.36178.953950modern-221n/a1.027927.9000102.790.40OZF323Goniocorella dumosa

I721South Chatham Rise Crest44.12175.775400modern-98n/a1.012312.3000101.230.40OZF314Goniocorella dumosa

I721South Chatham Rise Crest44.12175.775400modern25n/a0.9969-3.106299.690.0038107190Goniocorella dumosa

Z9953South Chatham Rise Crest43.66-179.773700modern-178n/a1.022422.4037102.240.0039107183Goniocorella dumosa

I676Bounty Plateau48.16-179.33817683068306834500.4271-572.900042.710.22OZF313Solenosmilla variabilis

E800West coast of the South Island45.34166.69700113011301131400.8687-131.300086.870.36OZF312Solenosmilla variabilis

Z9581Auckland Islands50.04165.95850315315315350.9615-38.500096.150.38OZF322Enallopsammia rostrata

Z9364Auckland Islands50.07165.911000915915913350.8926-107.400089.260.35OZF321Enallopsammia rostrata

age depth plot

700

1200

1200

600

1000

1000

820

820

940

940

980

492

395

540

540

370

817

700

850

1000

Coral 14C ages vs. Depth

Conventional C14 Age

Depth (m)

Deep Coral C14 Ages vs. Depth

age depth w locations

700600820492817700850

120010008203951000

12001000940540

940540

980370

3 Kings

Bay of Plenty

North Chatham Rise

South Chatham Rise

Bounty Plateau

West Coast of South Island

Auckland Islands

Conventional C14 Age

Depth (m)

Deep Coral C14 Age vs. Depth

age depth (no Bounty Plat)

700600820492700850

120010008203951000

12001000940540

940540

980370

3 Kings

Bay of Plenty

North Chatham Rise

South Chatham Rise

West Coast of South Island

Auckland Islands

Conventional C14 Age

Depth (m)

Deep Coral C14 Age vs. Depth(Excluding Bounty Plateau Data )

age depth no Bounty or chatham

700600700850

120010001000

12001000

3 Kings

Bay of Plenty

West Coast of South Island

Auckland Islands

Conventional C14 Age

Depth (m)

Deep Coral C14 Age vs. Depth(Excluding Bounty Plateau and Chatham Rise Data)

Sta14 vs Our C14 ages

70054.6

120094.3

1200159.7

600209

1000258.2

1000308.7

820359

820433.5

940508.2

940608.6

980709.7

492808.3

395907.5

5401007.7

5401107.8

3701257.5

8171408.5

7001609.9

8501811.2

10002012

2214.4

2418.3

2619.2

2823.6

Deep Coral Samples

WOCE 14 (42.995 S)

Conventional C14 Age

Depth (m)

WOCE Station 14 and Deep Corals C14 Age vs. Depth

Sta14 vs Our C14 ages no bount

70054.6

120094.3

1200159.7

600209

1000258.2

1000308.7

820359

820433.5

940508.2

940608.6

980709.7

492808.3

395907.5

5401007.7

5401107.8

3701257.5

7001408.5

8501609.9

10001811.2

2012

2214.4

2418.3

2619.2

2823.6

C14 Age of Coral Samples

WOCE 14 (42.995 S)

Conventional C14 Age

Depth (m)

WOCE Station 14 and Deep CoralsC14 Age vs. Depth(Excluding Bounty Plateau Data)

Sta 14 and Locations

54.6700600820492700850

94.3120010008203951000

159.712001000940540

209940540

258.2980370

308.7

359

433.5

508.2

608.6

709.7

808.3

907.5

1007.7

1107.8

1257.5

1408.5

1609.9

1811.2

2012

2214.4

2418.3

2619.2

2823.6

WOCE 14 (42.995 S)

3 Kings

Bay of Plenty

North Chatham Rise

South Chatham Rise

West Coast of South Island

Auckland Islands

Conventional C14 Age

Depth (m)

WOCE Station 14 and Deep Coral C14 Age vs. Depth

sta182 vs 3kings

17.7700

128.21200

207.71200

306.8

356.9

406.5

506.3

606.7

707.2

807.5

906.2

1002.3

1100.6

1297.5

1395

1492.1

WOCE 182 (32.5 S)

3 Kings

Conventional C14 Age

Depth (m)

WOCE Station 183 and 3 Kings C14 Age vs. Depth

Sta 182 and BayOPlen

17.7700600

128.212001000

207.712001000

306.8

356.9

406.5

506.3

606.7

707.2

807.5

906.2

1002.3

1100.6

1297.5

1395

1492.1

WOCE 182 (32.5 S)

3 Kings

Bay of Plenty

Conventional C14 Age (yrs BP)

Depth (m)

WOCE Station 182, Bay of Plenty, and 3 Kings C14 Age vs. Depth

Sta22 and Auckland

601.9850

699.21000

802.5

904

1005.1

1209.6

1412.7

1616.3

1815.9

2011.3

2203.7

2404.6

2607.2

3004.3

3209.9

3409.8

3614.2

WOCE 22 (47 S)

Auckland Islands

Conventional C14 Age

Depth (m)

WOCE Station 22 and Auckland Islands C14 Age vs. Depth

N. Chat and R332

8200

82030

94060

940100

980200

300

400

500

600

800

1000

North Chatham Rise

R332

Conventional C14 Age

Depth (m)

R332 (42o S, 179o E) and North Chatham RiseC14 Age vs. Depth

S Chat and R324

49220

39550

540100

540200

370400

600

800

1000

South Chatham Rise

R324

Conventional C14 Age

Depth (m)

R324 (44o59.9 S, 179o E) and South Chatham RiseC14 Age vs Depth

Sheet2

Sheet3

sample list 2004

Deep Coral Samplesgreen=new samplesblue =duplicates of 2001 samples

red = duplicates of new samples*** = labeled incorrectly on vial as Z9272

Station #LocationLatitudeLongitudeDepthd13Cfraction modern?14C14C ageCAMS #Species

Z9953South Chatham Rise Crest43.66-179.77370m41.02240.003915.73.9Modern107183Goniocorella dumosa

Z9953 #2South Chatham Rise Crest43.66-179.77370mGoniocorella dumosa

I676Bounty Plateau48.16-179.33817mSolenosmilla variabilis

E800West coast of the South Island45.34166.69~700mSolenosmilla variabilis

Z90263 Kings31.97174.26~ 700mEnallopsammia rostrata

Z9025 #23 Kings31.97174.26~1200m40.85950.0033-146.13.3121535107184Enallopsammia rostrata

X487North Chatham Rise42.70-179.67~820m40.90070.0034-105.23.484035Madrepora oculata

Z8919 # 2Bay of Plenty36.50176.511000m40.86120.0034-144.43.4120035107186Enallopsammia rostrata

Z9581Auckland Islands50.04165.95850mEnallopsammia rostrata

Z9226 #2Bay of Plenty37.12177.29600mEnallopsammia rostrata

Z9364Auckland Islands50.07165.911000mEnallopsammia rostrata

Z9792***North Chatham Rise42.76-179.90~940m41.17130.0047163.74.7>Modern107187Madrepora oculata

X484North Chatham Rise42.76-179.90~980m40.89490.0046-110.94.689045107188Madrepora oculata

X484 #2North Chatham Rise42.76-179.90~980mMadrepora oculata

T8South Chatham Rise44.32176.24492m40.91630.0035-89.73.570035107189Goniocorella dumosa

T8 #2South Chatham Rise44.32176.24492mGoniocorella dumosa

I721South Chatham Rise Crest44.12175.77540m40.99690.0038-9.63.8Modern107190Goniocorella dumosa

Z9618South Chatham Rise Crest43.36178.95395mGoniocorella dumosa

Sample List 2001

Deep Coral Samples 2001

Station #LocationLatitudeLongitudeDepth of Sample14C ageerror yrs 1sigma% modern carbonerror 1sigANSTO codeSpecies

Z90263 Kings31.97174.26~ 700m453099.420.37OZF318Enallopsammia rostrata

Z90253 Kings31.97174.26~1200m11204086.980.40OZF317Enallopsammia rostrata

Z9226Bay of Plenty37.12177.29600m8153590.360.35OZF319Enallopsammia rostrata

Z8919Bay of Plenty36.50176.511000m11404086.730.36OZF316Enallopsammia rostrata

X487North Chatham Rise42.70-179.67~820m8403590.060.37OZF315Madrepora oculata

Z9792North Chatham Rise42.76-179.90~940mmodernn/a145.500.53OZF320Madrepora oculata

Z9618South Chatham Rise Crest43.36178.95395mmodernn/a102.790.40OZF323Goniocorella dumosa

I721South Chatham Rise Crest44.12175.77540 mmodernn/a101.230.40OZF314Goniocorella dumosa

I676Bounty Plateau48.16-179.33817m68305042.710.22OZF313Solenosmilla variabilis

E800West coast of the South Island45.34166.69~700m11304086.870.36OZF312Solenosmilla variabilis

Z9581Auckland Islands50.04165.95850m3153596.150.38OZF322Enallopsammia rostrata

Z9364Auckland Islands50.07165.911000m9153589.260.35OZF321Enallopsammia rostrata

14C results 2001+2004

Deep Coral SamplesBlack = 2001

Red = 2004

20012004

Station #LocationLatitudeLongitudeDepth (m)14C ageerror yrs 1sigmafraction Modern% modern carbonerror 1sigAMS #CAMS #Species

Z90263 Kings31.97174.26~700m45300.994299.420.37OZF318Enallopsammia rostrata

Z90253 Kings31.97174.26~1200m1120400.869886.980.40OZF317Enallopsammia rostrata

Z9025 #23 Kings31.97174.26~1200m1215350.859585.950.0033107184Enallopsammia rostrata

Z9226Bay of Plenty37.12177.29600m815350.903690.360.35OZF319Enallopsammia rostrata

Z8919Bay of Plenty36.50176.511000m1140400.867386.730.36OZF316Enallopsammia rostrata

Z8919 # 2Bay of Plenty36.50176.511000m1200350.861286.120.0034107186Enallopsammia rostrata

X487North Chatham Rise42.70-179.67~820m840350.900690.060.37OZF315Madrepora oculata

X487North Chatham Rise42.7-179.67~820m840350.900790.070.0034107185Madrepora oculata

Z9792***North Chatham Rise42.76-179.90~940mmodernn/a1.4550145.500.53OZF320Madrepora oculata

Z9792***North Chatham Rise42.76-179.90~940m>modernn/a1.1713117.130.0047107187Madrepora oculata

Z9618South Chatham Rise Crest43.36178.95395mmodernn/a1.0279102.790.40OZF323Goniocorella dumosa

I721South Chatham Rise Crest44.12175.77540mmodernn/a1.0123101.230.40OZF314Goniocorella dumosa

I721South Chatham Rise Crest44.12175.77540mmodernn/a0.996999.690.0038107190Goniocorella dumosa

I676Bounty Plateau,48.16-179.33817m6830500.427142.710.22OZF313Solenosmilla variabilis

E800West coast of the South Island45.34166.69~700m1130400.868786.870.36OZF312Solenosmilla variabilis

Z9581Auckland Islands50.04165.95850m315350.961596.150.38OZF322Enallopsammia rostrata

Z9364Auckland Islands50.07165.911000m915350.892689.260.35OZF321Enallopsammia rostrata

Z9953South Chatham Rise Crest43.66-179.77370mmodernn/a1.0224102.240.0039107183Goniocorella dumosa

X484North Chatham Rise42.76-179.90~980mmodernn/a0.996999.690.0038107190Goniocorella dumosa

T8South Chatham Rise44.32176.24492m700350.916391.630.0035107189Goniocorella dumosa

14C results (chart ready)

Deep Coral SamplesBlack = 2001

Red = 2004

error yrspercent20012004

Station #LocationLatitudeLongitudeDepth (m)14C num age14C age14 age w/ mod1sigmafraction ModernD14C (o/oo)modern carbonerror 1sigAMS #CAMS #Species

Z90263 Kings31.97174.26700454547300.9942-5.800099.420.37OZF318Enallopsammia rostrata

Z90253 Kings31.97174.261200112011201121400.8698-130.200086.980.40OZF317Enallopsammia rostrata

Z9025 #23 Kings31.97174.261200121512151217350.8595-140.530485.950.0033107184Enallopsammia rostrata

Z9226Bay of Plenty37.12177.29600815815814350.9036-96.400090.360.35OZF319Enallopsammia rostrata

Z8919Bay of Plenty36.50176.511000114011401144400.8673-132.700086.730.36OZF316Enallopsammia rostrata

Z8919 # 2Bay of Plenty36.50176.511000120012001201350.8612-138.827186.120.0034107186Enallopsammia rostrata

X487North Chatham Rise42.70-179.67820840840841350.9006-99.400090.060.37OZF315Madrepora oculata

X487North Chatham Rise42.7-179.67820840840840350.9007-99.292690.070.0034107185Madrepora oculata

Z9792North Chatham Rise42.76-179.909400modern-3012n/a1.4550455.0000145.500.53OZF320Madrepora oculata

Z9792North Chatham Rise42.76-179.909400>modern-1270n/a1.1713171.3120117.130.0047107187Madrepora oculata

X484North Chatham Rise42.76-179.909800modern25n/a0.9969-3.106299.690.0038107190Goniocorella dumosa

T8South Chatham Rise44.32176.24492700700702350.9163-83.691991.630.0035107189Goniocorella dumosa

Z9618South Chatham Rise Crest43.36178.953950modern-221n/a1.027927.9000102.790.40OZF323Goniocorella dumosa

I721South Chatham Rise Crest44.12175.775400modern-98n/a1.012312.3000101.230.40OZF314Goniocorella dumosa

I721South Chatham Rise Crest44.12175.775400modern25n/a0.9969-3.106299.690.0038107190Goniocorella dumosa

Z9953South Chatham Rise Crest43.66-179.773700modern-178n/a1.022422.4037102.240.0039107183Goniocorella dumosa

I676Bounty Plateau48.16-179.33817683068306834500.4271-572.900042.710.22OZF313Solenosmilla variabilis

E800West coast of the South Island45.34166.69700113011301131400.8687-131.300086.870.36OZF312Solenosmilla variabilis

Z9581Auckland Islands50.04165.95850315315315350.9615-38.500096.150.38OZF322Enallopsammia rostrata

Z9364Auckland Islands50.07165.911000915915913350.8926-107.400089.260.35OZF321Enallopsammia rostrata

age depth plot

700

1200

1200

600

1000

1000

820

820

940

940

980

492

395

540

540

370

817

700

850

1000

Coral 14C ages vs. Depth

Conventional C14 Age

Depth (m)

Deep Coral C14 Ages vs. Depth

age depth w locations

700600820492817700850

120010008203951000

12001000940540

940540

980370

3 Kings

Bay of Plenty

North Chatham Rise

South Chatham Rise

Bounty Plateau

West Coast of South Island

Auckland Islands

Conventional C14 Age

Depth (m)

Deep Coral C14 Age vs. Depth

age depth (no Bounty Plat)

700600820492700850

120010008203951000

12001000940540

940540

980370

3 Kings

Bay of Plenty

North Chatham Rise

South Chatham Rise

West Coast of South Island

Auckland Islands

Conventional C14 Age (yrs BP)

Depth (m)

Deep Coral C14 Age vs. Depth(Excluding Bounty Plateau Data )

age depth no Bounty or chatham

700600700850

120010001000

12001000

3 Kings

Bay of Plenty

West Coast of South Island

Auckland Islands

Conventional C14 Age

Depth (m)

Deep Coral C14 Age vs. Depth(Excluding Bounty Plateau and Chatham Rise Data)

Sta14 vs Our C14 ages

70054.6

120094.3

1200159.7

600209

1000258.2

1000308.7

820359

820433.5

940508.2

940608.6

980709.7

492808.3

395907.5

5401007.7

5401107.8

3701257.5

8171408.5

7001609.9

8501811.2

10002012

2214.4

2418.3

2619.2

2823.6

Deep Coral Samples

WOCE 14 (42.995 S)

Conventional C14 Age

Depth (m)

WOCE Station 14 and Deep Corals C14 Age vs. Depth

Sta14 vs Our C14 ages no bount

70054.6

120094.3

1200159.7

600209

1000258.2

1000308.7

820359

820433.5

940508.2

940608.6

980709.7

492808.3

395907.5

5401007.7

5401107.8

3701257.5

7001408.5

8501609.9

10001811.2

2012

2214.4

2418.3

2619.2

2823.6

C14 Age of Coral Samples

WOCE 14 (42.995 S)

Conventional C14 Age

Depth (m)

WOCE Station 14 and Deep CoralsC14 Age vs. Depth(Excluding Bounty Plateau Data)

Sta 14 and Locations

54.6700600820492700850

94.3120010008203951000

159.712001000940540

209940540

258.2980370

308.7

359

433.5

508.2

608.6

709.7

808.3

907.5

1007.7

1107.8

1257.5

1408.5

1609.9

1811.2

2012

2214.4

2418.3

2619.2

2823.6

WOCE 14 (42.995 S)

3 Kings

Bay of Plenty

North Chatham Rise

South Chatham Rise

West Coast of South Island

Auckland Islands

Conventional C14 Age

Depth (m)

WOCE Station 14 and Deep Coral C14 Age vs. Depth

sta182 vs 3kings

17.7700

128.21200

207.71200

306.8

356.9

406.5

506.3

606.7

707.2

807.5

906.2

1002.3

1100.6

1297.5

1395

1492.1

WOCE 182 (32.5 S)

3 Kings

Conventional C14 Age

Depth (m)

WOCE Station 183 and 3 Kings C14 Age vs. Depth

Sta 182 and BayOPlen

17.7700600

128.212001000

207.712001000

306.8

356.9

406.5

506.3

606.7

707.2

807.5

906.2

1002.3

1100.6

1297.5

1395

1492.1

WOCE 182 (32.5 S)

3 Kings

Bay of Plenty

Conventional C14 Age

Depth (m)

WOCE Station 182, Bay of Plenty, and 3 Kings C14 Age vs. Depth

Sta22 and Auckland

601.9850

699.21000

802.5

904

1005.1

1209.6

1412.7

1616.3

1815.9

2011.3

2203.7

2404.6

2607.2

3004.3

3209.9

3409.8

3614.2

WOCE 22 (47 S)

Auckland Islands

Conventional C14 Age

Depth (m)

WOCE Station 22 and Auckland Islands C14 Age vs. Depth

N. Chat and R332

8200

82030

94060

940100

980200

300

400

500

600

800

1000

North Chatham Rise

R332

Conventional C14 Age

Depth (m)

R332 (42o S, 179o E) and North Chatham RiseC14 Age vs. Depth

S Chat and R324

49220

39550

540100

540200

370400

600

800

1000

South Chatham Rise

R324

Conventional C14 Age

Depth (m)

R324 (44o59.9 S, 179o E) and South Chatham RiseC14 Age vs Depth

Sheet2

Sheet3