RACERACE VALUES VALUES CULTURECULTURE RELIGIONRELIGION HERITAGEHERITAGE SEXUAL SEXUAL

ORIENTATIONORIENTATION ETHNICITYETHNICITY

RACERACEA local geographic or global human

population, distinguished as a more or less distinct group by genetically transmitted physical characteristics

A group of people united or classified together on the basis of common history, nationality, or geographic distribution

Henry Louis Gates Jr.Henry Louis Gates Jr.

VALUESVALUES Values are the beliefs that dictate how we Values are the beliefs that dictate how we

see and perceive the worldsee and perceive the world Values are learned through:Values are learned through:

• FamilyFamily• FriendsFriends• ChurchChurch• PeersPeers• Television, Radio, NewspapersTelevision, Radio, Newspapers• TeachersTeachers

CULTURECULTUREThe knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors The knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors

transmitted from one generation to the transmitted from one generation to the nextnext

Is learnedIs learnedDefines for us what is right and wrongDefines for us what is right and wrongDefines the rules of behaviorDefines the rules of behavior Influences and shapes our world viewInfluences and shapes our world view

CULTURECULTURE

Customary beliefs of a racial, Customary beliefs of a racial, religious or social groupreligious or social group

Social forms of a racial, Social forms of a racial, religious or social groupreligious or social group

Material traits of a racial, Material traits of a racial, religious or social groupreligious or social group

Culture is learned and Culture is learned and transmitted by familytransmitted by family

CULTURECULTURECulture is fluid - constantly Culture is fluid - constantly

changing yet remains constantchanging yet remains constantCulture is shared and effectively Culture is shared and effectively

defines the boundaries of defines the boundaries of different groupsdifferent groups

Culture becomes part of the Culture becomes part of the unconscious so that the unconscious so that the characteristics of the characteristics of the culture become innate culture become innate

CULTURECULTURE

Because culture is Because culture is internalized so that internalized so that

learned behavior learned behavior becomes natural and becomes natural and

unconscious, individuals unconscious, individuals may:may:

CULTURECULTURE

Respond favorably to behavior Respond favorably to behavior that is as predictable as one’s ownthat is as predictable as one’s own

(or)(or)Respond unfavorably to behavior Respond unfavorably to behavior

that is peculiar or different and that is peculiar or different and which may be seen as which may be seen as irresponsible, psychopathic, irresponsible, psychopathic, inferior or a result of improper inferior or a result of improper upbringing upbringing

AFRICAAFRICA

RELIGIONRELIGION

Within cultures, there may exist Within cultures, there may exist many different religions.many different religions.

The values of religion will affect the The values of religion will affect the perspective from which various perspective from which various sectors of a given society, race or sectors of a given society, race or population sees their environment population sees their environment and/or world viewand/or world view

HERITAGEHERITAGE

The characteristics, culture and The characteristics, culture and traditions handed down from one’s traditions handed down from one’s ancestorsancestors

SEXUAL ORIENTATIONSEXUAL ORIENTATION

This refers to a person’s sexual This refers to a person’s sexual identificationidentification

A group of people involving all races A group of people involving all races and culturesand cultures

FOUR COMPONENTS OF FOUR COMPONENTS OF SEXUALITYSEXUALITY

Biological SexBiological Sex: A person’s biological state of : A person’s biological state of maleness or femaleness determined at birthmaleness or femaleness determined at birth

Gender IdentityGender Identity: One’s psychological sense : One’s psychological sense of being male or femaleof being male or female

Sexual OrientationSexual Orientation: A person’s emotional, : A person’s emotional, physical and sexual attraction to individuals physical and sexual attraction to individuals of a particular genderof a particular gender

Social Sex RoleSocial Sex Role: One’s adherence to cultural : One’s adherence to cultural norms for feminine and masculine behaviornorms for feminine and masculine behavior

ETHNICITYETHNICITY

Defined: a group of people who Defined: a group of people who share characteristics such as rituals, share characteristics such as rituals, language, nationality, religion, in language, nationality, religion, in other words they share a common other words they share a common cultural heritagecultural heritage

Identity is a component of ethnicity and a Identity is a component of ethnicity and a frequent factor that influences law frequent factor that influences law

enforcement interaction with publicenforcement interaction with public Can include lack of understanding of the Can include lack of understanding of the

practices of a specific ethnic group that practices of a specific ethnic group that could lead to undue friction between law could lead to undue friction between law enforcement and the publicenforcement and the public

Community ethnic diversity is becoming Community ethnic diversity is becoming more common in general and in the ranks of more common in general and in the ranks of law enforcement specificallylaw enforcement specifically

Officers must be cognizant of ethnic Officers must be cognizant of ethnic differences and sensibilities of such when differences and sensibilities of such when interacting with the public and law interacting with the public and law enforcement colleaguesenforcement colleagues

Ethnic misconceptions, jokes, slurs, etc. can be very Ethnic misconceptions, jokes, slurs, etc. can be very disruptivedisruptive

Takeshi Yoshihara Takeshi Yoshihara U.S. Naval Academy Graduate, rose to the rank U.S. Naval Academy Graduate, rose to the rank

of Captainof Captain Not a good candidate; no extra-curricularsNot a good candidate; no extra-curriculars Lived in a single room dwelling covered in tar Lived in a single room dwelling covered in tar

paper, along with 7 siblings in Idahopaper, along with 7 siblings in Idaho Was prone to being sea sick and was nearly Was prone to being sea sick and was nearly

kicked out of the programkicked out of the program Commander Joseph Taussig, USS NevadaCommander Joseph Taussig, USS Nevada Became the first Japanese-American graduate Became the first Japanese-American graduate

because he was honestbecause he was honest

Japanese American Internment CampsJapanese American Internment Camps1942 over 110,000 Japanese Americans 1942 over 110,000 Japanese Americans

relocated to “War Relocation Camps” from relocated to “War Relocation Camps” from the west coast.the west coast.

Only 1,800 of the over 150,000 from Hawaii Only 1,800 of the over 150,000 from Hawaii were interned.were interned.

Of those interned 62% were American Of those interned 62% were American Citizens. About 80,000 were nisei.Citizens. About 80,000 were nisei.

1988, President Ronald Reagan signed 1988, President Ronald Reagan signed legislation which apologized legislation which apologized for the internment on behalf for the internment on behalf of the U.S. government. of the U.S. government.

1905, California's anti-miscegenation 1905, California's anti-miscegenation law outlawed marriages between law outlawed marriages between Caucasians and “Mongolians”Caucasians and “Mongolians”

In October 1906, the San Francisco In October 1906, the San Francisco Board of Education separated the Board of Education separated the Japanese students from the Japanese students from the Caucasian students.Caucasian students.

1924 "Oriental Exclusion Law," which 1924 "Oriental Exclusion Law," which blocked Japanese immigrants from blocked Japanese immigrants from attaining citizenship in California.attaining citizenship in California.

Lieutenant General John L. DeWitt, Lieutenant General John L. DeWitt, who administered the internment who administered the internment program, repeatedly told program, repeatedly told newspapers that newspapers that "A Jap's a Jap" "A Jap's a Jap" and testified to Congress, I don't and testified to Congress, I don't want any of them [persons of want any of them [persons of Japanese ancestry] here. Japanese ancestry] here. They are a dangerous They are a dangerous element. element.

There is no way to determine their There is no way to determine their loyalty... It makes no difference whether loyalty... It makes no difference whether he is an American citizen, he is still a he is an American citizen, he is still a Japanese. American citizenship does Japanese. American citizenship does not necessarily determine loyalty... But not necessarily determine loyalty... But we must worry about the Japanese all we must worry about the Japanese all the time until he is wiped off the map.the time until he is wiped off the map.

Austin E. Anson, managing AG secretary - Austin E. Anson, managing AG secretary - "We're charged with wanting to get rid of "We're charged with wanting to get rid of the Japs for selfish reasons. We do. It's a the Japs for selfish reasons. We do. It's a question of whether the white man lives on question of whether the white man lives on the Pacific Coast or the brown men. They the Pacific Coast or the brown men. They came into this valley to work, and they came into this valley to work, and they stayed to take over... If all the Japs were stayed to take over... If all the Japs were removed tomorrow, we had never miss removed tomorrow, we had never miss them in two weeks, because the white them in two weeks, because the white farmers can take over and produce farmers can take over and produce everything the Jap grows. And we do not everything the Jap grows. And we do not want them back when the war ends, either.”want them back when the war ends, either.”

Los Angeles Times Los Angeles Times - "A viper is - "A viper is nonetheless a viper wherever the egg is nonetheless a viper wherever the egg is hatched... So, a Japanese American hatched... So, a Japanese American born of Japanese parents, nurtured born of Japanese parents, nurtured upon Japanese traditions, living in a upon Japanese traditions, living in a transplanted Japanese atmosphere... transplanted Japanese atmosphere... notwithstanding his nominal brand of notwithstanding his nominal brand of accidental citizenship almost inevitably accidental citizenship almost inevitably and with the rarest exceptions grows up and with the rarest exceptions grows up to be a Japanese, and not an American... to be a Japanese, and not an American... while we are at war with their race. while we are at war with their race. (cont.)(cont.)

““Thus, while it might cause injustice Thus, while it might cause injustice to a few to treat them all as to a few to treat them all as potential enemies, I cannot escape potential enemies, I cannot escape the conclusion... that such the conclusion... that such treatment... should be accorded to treatment... should be accorded to each and all of each and all of them while we are them while we are at war with their at war with their race."race."

Internment of Japanese Americans, who Internment of Japanese Americans, who provided critical agricultural labor on provided critical agricultural labor on the West Coast, created a labor the West Coast, created a labor shortage.shortage.

Which was exacerbated by the induction Which was exacerbated by the induction of many American laborers into the of many American laborers into the Armed Forces.Armed Forces.

This vacuum precipitated This vacuum precipitated a mass immigration of a mass immigration of Mexican workers known Mexican workers known as the Bracero Program. as the Bracero Program.

After the expiration of the initial After the expiration of the initial agreement in 1947, the program was agreement in 1947, the program was continued in agriculture under a variety continued in agriculture under a variety of laws and administrative agreements of laws and administrative agreements until its formal end in 1964.until its formal end in 1964.

In the 1930s, during the In the 1930s, during the Great Depression, over Great Depression, over 500,000 Mexican 500,000 Mexican Americans were Americans were deported or pressured deported or pressured to leave, during the to leave, during the Mexican Repatriation. Mexican Repatriation.

442nd Regimental Combat Team 442nd Regimental Combat Team Asian American unit composed of mostly Asian American unit composed of mostly

Japanese Americans. Japanese Americans. The families of many of its soldiers were The families of many of its soldiers were

subject to internment.subject to internment. Famously rescued the "Lost Famously rescued the "Lost

Battalion“- 800 casualties with Battalion“- 800 casualties with 121 dead – to rescue 211.121 dead – to rescue 211.

Fought with uncommon Fought with uncommon distinction in Italy, southern distinction in Italy, southern France, and Germany. France, and Germany.

442nd Regimental Combat Team 442nd Regimental Combat Team The unit became the The unit became the most highly decorated most highly decorated

regiment in the history of U.S. Armed regiment in the history of U.S. Armed Forces. Forces.

U.S. Army battle reports show the official U.S. Army battle reports show the official casualty rate, combining KIA (killed) with casualty rate, combining KIA (killed) with MIA (missing) and WIA (wounded and MIA (missing) and WIA (wounded and removed from action) total was 93%.removed from action) total was 93%.

““The Purple Heart Battalion”The Purple Heart Battalion” Members received Members received

18,143 awards18,143 awards 9,486 Purple Hearts for 9,486 Purple Hearts for

3,000 soldiers3,000 soldiers 7 Presidential Unit 7 Presidential Unit

Citations (5 earned in Citations (5 earned in one month)one month)

52 Distinguished Service 52 Distinguished Service CrossesCrosses

560 Silver Stars with 28 560 Silver Stars with 28 second awards second awards

22 Legion of Merits22 Legion of Merits 15 Soldier’s Medals15 Soldier’s Medals 4,000 Bronze Stars with 4,000 Bronze Stars with

1,200 second awards1,200 second awards

21 Congressional 21 Congressional Medals of HonorMedals of Honor

President Harry TrumanPresident Harry Truman

““You fought not only the You fought not only the enemy, but you fought enemy, but you fought

prejudice – and you have prejudice – and you have won.”won.”