Paper Recycling in JapanPaper Recycling in JapanAchievements & ChallengesAchievements & Challenges

JAPAN TAPPI JAPAN TAPPI KunitakaKunitaka ToyofukuToyofuku

Production & Consumption of Paper & PaperboardProduction & Consumption of Paper & PaperboardIn JapanIn Japan

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1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006

Year

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(ten thousand ton)

Origins of Pulp in Japan(2006Origins of Pulp in Japan(2006））

Pulp from Pulp from paper paper recyclingrecycling６０．７％６０．７％

Import Import pulppulp７．１７．１％％

Domestic pulpDomestic pulp３２．２％３２．２％

Fresh pulp Fresh pulp totaltotal３９．３３９．３％％

Why We Are Promoting Paper Why We Are Promoting Paper RecyclingRecycling

1.1. Securing new fiber resource for increasing Securing new fiber resource for increasing paper demand paper demand Demand Demand for paper and paperboard is increasing for paper and paperboard is increasing rapidly rapidly aamong mong thethe EastEast Asian Asian countries countries where where economiceconomic development development is remarkableis remarkable

2. Reducing waste disposal volume2. Reducing waste disposal volume2006y2006y Domestic paper consumption: 32.1 M tonsDomestic paper consumption: 32.1 M tons

Paper recovered for recycling: 22.8 Paper recovered for recycling: 22.8 M tonsNot recovered: 9.2 M tonsNot recovered: 9.2 M tons

mostly goes to incineration or landfillmostly goes to incineration or landfill

Ways to Reduce Waste Volume and Ways to Reduce Waste Volume and to Utilize it as Resourcesto Utilize it as Resources

•• Collaboration among industry, government, and private Collaboration among industry, government, and private sector sector

•• Constitution of LawsConstitution of LawsLaw for the Promotion of Utilization of Recycled Law for the Promotion of Utilization of Recycled

ResourcesResourcesContainers and Packaging Recycling Law Containers and Packaging Recycling Law Law on Promoting Green PurchasingLaw on Promoting Green Purchasing

• Separate collection of waste is a duty of the local eparate collection of waste is a duty of the local governments.governments.

•• Waste from home is classified at the point of disposal for Waste from home is classified at the point of disposal for separate collection as in the next slide. separate collection as in the next slide.

•• We believe that separate collection is We believe that separate collection is better than mixed collectionbetter than mixed collection

Garbage Separation in HomeGarbage Separation in Home

MagazineMagazineNewsNews

BoardBoard

Voluntary Collection of BoardVoluntary Collection of BoardPlasticsPlasticsPackagingPackagingPaperPaper

GlassesGlasses

Metals

According to Containers and According to Containers and Packaging Recycling LawPackaging Recycling Law

Garbage Collection in SupermarketGarbage Collection in Supermarket

Aluminum CanAluminum Can

Container TrayContainer TrayPet BottlePet Bottle

Liquid ContainerLiquid Container Polystyrene TrayPolystyrene Tray

Collection StationCollection Station

Unwelcome Impurities in Paper Unwelcome Impurities in Paper RecyclingRecycling

1.1. NonNon--paper productspaper productsAdhesive tape, Adhesive tape, Stickers,Stickers, Metal pieces on folders, Metal pieces on folders, Metal Metal clips,clips, Film, Film, Polystyrene foam,Polystyrene foam, Cellophane, Cellophane, Plastic items,Plastic items,Glass items, Glass items, Cloth,Cloth, FragranceFragrance

2. Prohibitive paper products2. Prohibitive paper productsEnvelopes with adhered stickers, Envelopes with adhered stickers, PlasticPlastic--coated paper,coated paper,Wax paper, Wax paper, Oiled Paper,Oiled Paper, Photos, Photos, Synthetic paper,Synthetic paper,Processed waterProcessed water--resistant paper, resistant paper, CarbonCarbon--backed paper,backed paper,Carbonless copy paper, Carbonless copy paper, Thermal paper (fax paper),Thermal paper (fax paper),Textile printing paper (dye sublimation paper for iron Textile printing paper (dye sublimation paper for iron printing etc.), Thermal foaming coated paper printing etc.), Thermal foaming coated paper

Paper recycling : Change in the rate Paper recycling : Change in the rate of Recovery & Utilizationof Recovery & Utilization

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Rat

e(%

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Utilization Recovery

Utilization Rate of RecoveredUtilization Rate of Recovered PaperPaper

Utilization R

ate(%)

Utilization R

ate(%)

YearYear

BoardBoardPaperPaper

Waste Paper:Waste Paper:Recovery Volume & Recovery RateRecovery Volume & Recovery Rate

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150150

100100

5050

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NewsNews CorrugatedCorrugatedContainersContainers

Magazines & Magazines & White LedgerWhite Ledger

OthersOthers

145%145%

102%102%

41%41%

36%36%

Totally Recovery Totally Recovery Rate 72.4%Rate 72.4%

Recovery R

ate(%)

Recovery R

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Ratio of Recovered Waste Paper Volume(%)Ratio of Recovered Waste Paper Volume(%)

What Kinds of Recovered Paper Are Used What Kinds of Recovered Paper Are Used for Paper and Paperboard Productionfor Paper and Paperboard Production

For Paper For Paper 6,851 6,851 thousand tonthousand ton

For Paper For Paper Board 11,941 Board 11,941 thousand tonthousand ton

NewsNews

MagazinsMagazins

MagazinsMagazins

Corrugated ContainersCorrugated Containers

Sorted White Sorted White LedgerLedger

OthersOthers

NewsNews

Sorted White Sorted White LedgerLedger

OthersOthers

Influences of China (1)Influences of China (1)Waste Paper Exports from JapanWaste Paper Exports from Japan

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OthersMalaysiaHongkongVietnamIndonesiaPhilippineKoreaChinaTaiwanThailand

(hundred ton)(hundred ton)

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/kg

Magazins

CorrugatedContainersNews

Influences of China (2)Influences of China (2)Waste Paper PricesWaste Paper Prices

Waste Paper Utilization in Japan: Waste Paper Utilization in Japan: Targets and ResultsTargets and Results

1991y Constitution of1991y Constitution of ““Law for the Promotion ofLaw for the Promotion ofUtilization of Recycled ResourcesUtilization of Recycled Resources””Target: waste paper utilization rate 55% by 1994Target: waste paper utilization rate 55% by 1994

Result: accomplished by 53.3%Result: accomplished by 53.3% in 19941995y1995y New New Target: waste paper utilization rate 56% by 2000Target: waste paper utilization rate 56% by 2000

AchievementAchievement:: 56.1% in 199956.1% in 19992000y2000y New Target : waste paper utilization rate 60% by 2005New Target : waste paper utilization rate 60% by 2005

Achievement Achievement : : 60.260.2% in % in 200320032005y2005y New Target : waste paper utilization rate 62% by 2010New Target : waste paper utilization rate 62% by 2010

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98 1127 91 1085

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Waste Paper Pulp

Utilization RateUtilization Rate60.4%(2004)60.4%(2004)

Utilization RateUtilization Rate62.0%(2010)62.0%(2010)

New Target : Utilization Rate 62% by 2010New Target : Utilization Rate 62% by 2010

Study on Safety of Food Containers Study on Safety of Food Containers Containing Recycled PulpContaining Recycled Pulp

•• Cooperative studyCooperative study with the government and the paper with the government and the paper industry on food containersindustry on food containers containing recycled pulp containing recycled pulp

--No health problems in most casesNo health problems in most cases--Safety authorization of using recycled pulp for food Safety authorization of using recycled pulp for food containerscontainers

•• The guideline ( voluntary standard)The guideline ( voluntary standard)--Good management of waste paper & production lineGood management of waste paper & production line--Heavy metal 1Heavy metal 1μμg/ml (as lead) belowg/ml (as lead) below--Not to be used in ovens and microwave ovensNot to be used in ovens and microwave ovens

Studies on Binders and Adhesives Studies on Binders and Adhesives for Promoting More Recyclingfor Promoting More Recycling

•• Studies on adhesives for bookbindingStudies on adhesives for bookbindingWhether binders should be finely dispersed or not Whether binders should be finely dispersed or not in in repulpingrepulping process?process?Can water soluble binders be a substitute?Can water soluble binders be a substitute?

•• Adhesive PaperAdhesive PaperDevelopment of water soluble adhesive Development of water soluble adhesive Adhesive paper with water soluble adhesive can Adhesive paper with water soluble adhesive can

be recycledbe recycled

Recyclable Inks and Recyclable Inks and Surface TreatmentsSurface Treatments

XUnknownUnknownLamination PPLamination PPPPPP

_XUV coat 10UV coat 10μμmm

_XUV coat 3UV coat 3μμmmglossglosstreatmenttreatment

○○Hybrid UV ink polymerizationHybrid UV ink polymerization typetype

○○Hybrid UV ink hardening typeHybrid UV ink hardening type

_XRegular UV inkRegular UV inkUV inkUV ink

_◎PearlPearlPearlPearl

_XGold leafGold leaf

X○Gravure gold inkGravure gold ink

○○Offset silver inkOffset silver ink

○○Offset gold inkOffset gold inkgold, silver gold, silver inkink

pilot pilot testtest

recyclablerecyclableby lab. by lab. testtest

type of inktype of inkclassificationclassification

DIP for New ApplicationDIP for New Application

•• Increase DIP contents in some paper gradesIncrease DIP contents in some paper grades•• Use DIP in products that do not contain DIP Use DIP in products that do not contain DIP

yetyet1) DIP of 80% brightness from old news1) DIP of 80% brightness from old news

High brightness, High brightness, ２２ Step bleachingStep bleachingDecrease dirtDecrease dirt

2) 2) DIP of 70% brightness from old magazinesDIP of 70% brightness from old magazinesDevelopment low cost DIP with 70% BrightnessDevelopment low cost DIP with 70% Brightness

High Grade DIP from Old NewsHigh Grade DIP from Old News

57596163656769717375

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3H2O2 added (%)

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alkali constant increased alkali

Bleaching with HBleaching with H22OO22

High Grade DIP from Old NewsHigh Grade DIP from Old News

71727374757677787980

0 0.5 1 1.5 2

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Bleaching with FASBleaching with FAS

Paper Product LCA Paper Product LCA -- COCO22 EmissionEmission

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felling,chipping transportationproduction(fosil fuel) prodaution(bio fuel)

(kgCO(kgCO22 / Paper ton)/ Paper ton)

WLCWLC NewsprintNewsprint WFUWFU70%ONP70%ONP

WFU(100WFU(100% Fresh) % Fresh)

WFCWFC

Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attention